Tips on Installing and Maintaining Rain Bird Residential Valves

Valves are an essential part of any sprinkler system. They are the link between the "brains" of the system (the timer) and the sprinkler heads to turn the water on and off.

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Understanding Sprinkler Valves

Most automatic sprinkler systems use two types of valves. A brass "gate valve" or "ball valve" typically serves as the "shutoff valve," located near the main water source to the house. This valve allows the sprinkler system to be shut down for repairs or winterizing without affecting the water supply to the entire house. It is recommended that shutoff valves be installed in an accessible box.

The second type is the "zone valve." Each zone valve controls a specific set of sprinklers. When activated by the timer, all sprinklers connected to that valve turn on. Often, several zone valves are grouped together in a manifold.

Basic System Components Diagram Description: A diagram shows a CONTROLLER connected to a VALVE, which then connects to SPRINKLERS. An INCOMING water source is depicted with a SHUT OFF valve upstream of the system components.

The number of valves needed depends on the system's water pressure (psi) and available flow rate (gpm). Each sprinkler requires a specific gpm, which can reduce water pressure. For optimal performance, each zone is managed by a single valve, with sprinklers selected to match the system's psi and gpm capacity. This guide addresses common questions and issues related to zone valves.

Types of Zone Valves

Two primary types of zone valves are commonly available:

Anti-Siphon Valves

These valves feature a built-in backflow device to prevent contaminated water from flowing back into the household supply. They offer an economical solution for backflow protection, provided they comply with local codes. Anti-siphon valves must be installed at least 6 inches (15 cm) above the highest sprinkler head on the line for the backflow device to function correctly. Both automatic and manual versions exist.

Valve Images Description: Images display models such as APAS-100-P and APAS-075-P, PAS-100 and PAS-075 anti-siphon valves.

In-Line Valves

Installed below ground, preferably in a valve box for easier maintenance, in-line valves are automatic. A separate backflow preventer is required for backflow protection.

Valve Images Description: Images display models such as CP-075 and CP-100 in-line valves.

Anti-Siphon Valves Details

Anti-siphon valves are easy to install and maintain, offering cost-effective backflow prevention against fertilizers and chemicals. Electric models connect easily to timers for automatic watering and are best suited for installations with minimal elevation changes and clean water sources.

Caution: These valves are designed as zone valves. Installing them where constant pressure is applied to the outlet side can cause severe damage. Manual versions are not suitable as main shutoff valves or for whole-system backflow prevention. Automatic models should not be used as master valves if other valves are downstream.

Note: A master valve is an electric valve that activates only when downstream zone valves are activated.

Typical Installation Diagram Description: An illustration shows the typical installation of automatic anti-siphon control valves (APAS-075-P/APAS-100-P). It depicts valves installed at least 6 inches above the highest sprinkler, connected via PVC pipe from a water source, including a shutoff valve, and leading to sprinklers.

In-Line Valves Details

In-line valves, installed underground, are suitable for various elevation changes. Their protected location reduces the risk of tampering or freeze damage compared to above-ground models. In-line valves do not provide backflow protection.

For water sources like lakes, wells, or ditches, a 100-mesh filter is recommended to remove sand and debris. If the water supply is also used for drinking, a separate backflow prevention device is essential to prevent siphoning of fertilizers or chemicals.

Consult your local Rain Bird dealer or plumbing supplier for required backflow prevention devices for municipal water systems. For specific information, call 1-800-RAIN-BIRD and request the "Backflow Prevention Handbook.".

In-line valves are typically installed underground within a valve box and can also serve as master valves.

In-Line Valve System Diagram Description: A diagram illustrates an in-line valve system, showing a CONTROLLER linked to multiple VALVES, a PVB VALVE (backflow preventer), and a SHUTOFF valve. The system connects to a Service Line from Street and directs water TO SPRINKLERS.

Tips On New Installations: Tapping Into Your Water Source

To begin an installation, turn off the water at the meter. Cut into the household service line after the meter and install a brass slip-type compression tee. The location of the cut depends on your system layout and the first manifold. Unless static pressure exceeds 80 psi, tap into the line before the household pressure regulator. In freezing climates, tapping into the source inside a basement is common.

Next, install a gate or ball valve as the system shutoff valve, preferably in a valve box for easy access if installed underground. Once this valve is installed and tested, the meter valve can remain open for household use. In freezing climates, install a manual drain valve to allow water drainage from pipes between zone valves and the shutoff valve.

Use Schedule 40 PVC, thick-walled pipe for connections to the valves. For basement installations, drill a hole through the wall to route the pipe to the valves. For winter "blow-out" convenience, a tee with a capped 1-inch riser can be installed.

If a backflow preventer is used, install it outdoors at the correct height.

Action: FLUSH, FLUSH, FLUSH. Turn on water at the shutoff valve and flush pipes to remove dirt.

Diagram Descriptions:

Meter in House Diagram: Shows the water meter, shutoff valves, drain cap, and connection to control valves. It indicates a slope downward for drainage and the service line to the house.
Meter in Yard Diagram: Depicts the water meter, shutoff valve, compression tee, and connection to control valves, with the service line originating from the street.

Installing the Manifold

When installing a new valve manifold, choose an easily accessible location for maintenance. Avoid areas where sprinklers might spray when the system is manually activated. Larger systems may require separate manifolds for front and back yards. Keeping a plan of installed in-ground valves and pipes is advisable.

Before installing valves, flush the line leading to the manifold. Test and flush each line after sprinklers are attached. Many valves have a flush mode to help clear them.

Flushing Procedure: To flush, turn the solenoid (manual on/off) and hold the flow control. Turn the black solenoid counterclockwise (avoid turning the gray ring) until a small amount of water discharges between the solenoid and the flow control ring.

Anti-Siphon Valves Grouped Above Ground Diagram Description: This diagram shows multiple anti-siphon valves connected with PVC pipe, originating from a water source. The pipe and fittings match the size of the largest control valve in the group. Valves are installed at least 6 inches above the highest sprinkler and lead to sprinklers and backyard control valves.

Manifold Installation and Valve Operation

Installing the Manifold (Continued): Partially assembling the manifold can simplify the process. Ensure valves are installed horizontally, following the flow direction arrows on the body. Incorrect installation (backward or vertical) can lead to erratic operation and void the warranty. For installation questions, contact the Rain Bird Technical Services Hotline at 1-800-RAIN-BIRD.

CAUTION: Avoid using plumber's pipe dope on valve threads, as its chemicals can react with plastic valve bodies, causing weakening and cracking. Three wraps of Teflon tape are generally sufficient for a leak-proof seal.

How to Operate Rain Bird Valves

Rain Bird offers various 24-volt valves for home use. Minimum current requirements for smaller valves are 0.30 amps for opening and 0.19 amps for holding. Larger models have slightly higher requirements. All Rain Bird valves are designed to work with Rain Bird timers and other timers providing adequate power.

Key features to be familiar with include:

a. Flow control: Regulates water passage through the valve (not available on all models).
b. Manual bleed: Allows manual valve operation by releasing water from the diaphragm. External bleed models have a knob or screw; internal bleed models use an open/close knob or a quarter-turn of the solenoid.
c. Manual On/Off: Turn the solenoid a quarter-turn counterclockwise to manually open the valve.

Diagram Description: A diagram illustrates the flushing process for automatic in-line control valves (CP-075 for 3/4" pipe, CP-100 for 1" pipe). It shows connections from a water source via PVC pipe to sprinklers and other valves. A note indicates that backflow prevention is required where it is not shown.

Troubleshooting: How the Valve Works

Understanding valve mechanics aids troubleshooting. An electrical impulse to the solenoid creates a magnetic field, moving a plunger upward. This action uncovers a port, releasing water pressure from the chamber above the closing mechanism (diaphragm or piston). Increased incoming water pressure then pushes the piston/diaphragm open.

When the solenoid is de-energized, the plunger retracts, closing the port. Water refills the chamber, building pressure that forces the piston/diaphragm down, closing the valve. Proper pressure and flow are critical for valve function. Ensuring small internal ports are free of debris through adequate flushing is key to successful installation.

Diaphragm Valve Operation Diagram Description: A diagram shows a diaphragm moving upward to open the valve and moving downward to close the valve.

Troubleshooting Guide

Follow these steps for common valve issues:

1. General Checks

Before addressing specific symptoms, verify:

A. Timer is plugged in and programmed correctly.
B. Master shutoff valve is open.
C. Flow control on the valve is in the "open" or "flow" position (if applicable). Consult valve instructions or the "How to Operate" section.
D. Water pressure and flow rate are adequate for the valve model. Contact Rain Bird at 1-800-RAIN-BIRD for requirements. Low pressure causes may include: pressure drains from appliances, partially closed master shutoff, main supply line blockage, or too many sprinklers per line.
E. Valve is not in "Manual Off" position (refer to "How to Operate").
F. If a pump supplies the system, ensure it is operational.

2. Valve Won't Turn On With Timer

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Valve won't turn on with timer.	A. Check the Basics as in No. 1 above.	If basics check out, test manually: turn solenoid 1/4 turn counter-clockwise (or screw in bonnet center). If it works manually, proceed to 2-B. If not, proceed to 2-D.	If basics check out, test manually: hold gray flow control ring and turn solenoid 1/4 turn counter-clockwise. If it works manually, proceed to 2-B. If not, proceed to 2-D.
	B. No power between timer and valves.	Test timer "Manual Start" button and station. Use a voltmeter on common and station terminals. A 24-27 volt reading indicates timer issues if no power reaches the valve.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	C. Solenoid burned out or clogged.	Solenoid should click when activated. Swap solenoid with a working valve. If the issue follows the solenoid, replace it. Otherwise, check 2-D.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	D. Valve opening mechanism damaged or clogged with debris. Bleed ports clogged.	Attempt to flush debris using flush mode. If unsuccessful, turn off water, disassemble, and clean valve (Procedure A). Clean small bleed ports under the solenoid and on the diaphragm. Check diaphragm for tears. Replace if damaged. Install a 100-mesh filter if water is dirty.	Turn off water, remove actuator, examine piston (Procedure B). Clean debris. Replace piston with PRK-100 kit if cleaning fails. Install a 150-mesh filter if the problem persists.
	E. Valve installed backwards	Reinstall valve according to flow direction arrows.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.

3. Valve Won't Turn Off With Timer

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Valve won't turn off with timer.	A. Initial steps: Put timer in auto/off mode. If watering continues, unplug timer. If this stops watering, the timer is the issue. If watering continues, proceed.	Turn flow control knob to lowest position. If flow persists, turn off the main shutoff valve.	Turn gray flow control ring clockwise to its lowest position. If flow persists or affects multiple valves, turn off the main shutoff valve.
	B. Solenoid burned out or plunger clogged.	Check solenoid as in 2-C. Clean plunger if stuck. If issue persists, replace solenoid.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	C. Valve closing mechanism stuck in open position due to debris or damage.	See Valve Disassembly Procedure A. Check and clean small ports, rinse diaphragm and seat. Replace diaphragm or body if damaged.	Remove piston, check for debris (Procedure B). Replace piston with PRK-100 kit if damaged.
	D. Damaged or misaligned parts allow water to leak from valve.	Check valve body and bonnet for cracks. Inspect seals. Repair or replace parts.	Check actuator for cracks or bent O-rings. Replace parts.
E. Valve set in "Manual On" mode.	Ensure solenoid is fully clockwise ("Manual Off") or tighten bleed screw/knob clockwise. See "How to Operate."	Hold gray flow control ring and turn solenoid clockwise until resistance is felt.

4. Water Leaks Out at Sprinkler Heads When Station is Off

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Water leaks out at sprinkler heads when station is off.	A. Closing mechanism dirty or damaged and does not seat properly.	See Valve Disassembly Procedure A. Clean and inspect diaphragm and seat. Replace diaphragm or body if damaged.	See Valve Disassembly Procedure B. Clean and inspect piston and housing. Replace piston with PRK-100 kit if damaged.
	B. Valve not fully in "Manual Off" mode.	See 3-E above.	See 3-E above.
	C. Solenoid burned out or obstructed.	Turn off water, remove solenoid. Check O-ring and plunger for damage or debris. Rinse solenoid and valve seat. Replace solenoid if damaged.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	D. Low head drainage.	It is normal for water to drain from piping through the lowest head. This may take time depending on pipe length and slope. Stop watering the affected zone for two days and check the lowest head. If minor dripping occurs, see 4-A and 4-B. If the area dries, it's likely drainage.	Same for all valve types. See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	E. Valve installed backwards.	Reinstall valve according to flow direction arrows.	Not applicable.

5. Valve Won't Turn Off Manually

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Valve won't turn off manually.	A. Valve in "Manual On" mode.	See 3-E above.	See 3-E above.
B. Valve closing mechanism stuck in open position.	See 3-C above.	See 3-C above.
C. Solenoid energized	Stop power to valve.	Stop power to valve.

6. Valve Won't Turn On Manually

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Valve won't turn on manually.	A. Flow control in closed position.	See 1-C above.	Turn gray ring counter-clockwise to increase flow.
	B. Valve opening mechanism blocked by debris.	See 2-D above.	See 2-D above.
	C. Valve in "Manual Off" mode.	See 2-A above.	See 2-A above.

7. Water Leaks Out at Valve

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Water leaks out at valve.	A. Leaking round pipe connections.	Tighten connections (use Teflon tape only).	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	B. Leaking around actuator assembly.	Not applicable.	Tighten actuator to body (Procedure B). Ensure O-ring seal is in place. Do not overtighten or use pipe dope/tape, as this can crack the plastic body.
	C. Leaking between bonnet and body.	Check diaphragm washer placement. Tighten bonnet screws.	Not applicable.
	D. Leaking under anti-siphon cap. (Anti-siphon models only).	Not applicable.	Float under cap may be obstructed by debris. Turn off water, unscrew cap, clean around float, and replace float and cap. Ensure valves are installed at least 6 inches higher than the highest sprinkler head. If not, raise valve position or redesign the system.

8. Valve Slams On/Off (Water Hammer)

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Valve slams on/off (water hammer)	A. Excessive water pressure.	Install a pressure regulator before valves.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	B. Valve closing/opening mechanism worn.	Replace diaphragm with appropriate model number. Call 1-800-RAIN-BIRD for assistance.	Replace piston with PRK-100 piston replacement kit.
	C. Air bubble in line	Turn off water, drain line to remove air bubble. Slowly refill the line.	See recommendations for diaphragm valve.
	D. Valve too small for amount of flow.	Replace with a larger valve.	Not applicable.

9. Water Runs Continuously When Valve is Not Activated; Shuts Off When Valve is Activated

SYMPTOM	CAUSE	DIAPHRAGM VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure A)	PISTON-TYPE VALVE REMEDY (See Valve Disassembly Procedure B)
Water runs continuously when valve is not activated; shuts off when valve is activated.	A. Valve installed backwards.	Reinstall valve according to flow direction arrows.	Not applicable.

Disassembling the Valve for Cleaning or Part Replacement

Disassembly Procedure A (Diaphragm Valves)

To inspect or replace the diaphragm:

Shut off water at the master shutoff valve.
Unscrew all bonnet screws. Remove bleed screw and flow control knob if present.
Remove bonnet assembly to expose spring, diaphragm, and gasket/filter. Inspect these parts for wear or damage. Check diaphragm for clogs or tears.
Inspect valve body for dirt on the diaphragm seat.
Inspect bonnet for dirt clogging the small bleed port near the solenoid.
Rinse or use a wire to dislodge dirt from the bleed port.
Install a new diaphragm and spring if necessary. Some diaphragms are all-in-one designs. Ensure holes align.
Press bonnet back firmly, replace screws, and tighten. Pressure test for leaks.

To Replace the Solenoid:

Unscrew the solenoid.
Check for debris clogging the solenoid seat port.
Rinse the solenoid to remove debris.
Check the solenoid O-ring condition.
Replace solenoid if necessary with the correct part number for your model.

Model and Part Numbers:

Model	Solenoid P/N	Diaphragm P/N
CP-075 or-100	208484	209391
EV-100 EV-100F	407200	407303

Disassembly Procedure B (Piston Valves)

A removable actuator allows easier maintenance for piston-type valves:

Shut off water at the master shut off valve.
Using pliers clamped as shown in the illustration, unscrew the actuator counterclockwise.
To inspect or replace the piston, gently pull it from the bottom of the valve.
To remove the solenoid, hold the gray flow ring and twist counterclockwise to unscrew.

To reassemble, screw the actuator clockwise into the valve body until it contacts the body. Caution: Do not overtighten, as this can damage the actuator. Avoid pipe dope or tape on actuator threads. Clogged bleed ports can prevent operation.

Repair kits available: SRK-1 Solenoid Replacement Kit and PRK-100 Piston Replacement Kit.

Parts Breakdown Diagram Description: A diagram shows individual valve parts for CP-075 and CP-100, including SOLENOID, BONNET SCREWS, BLEED SCREW, BONNET, DIAPHRAGM KIT (Spring, Diaphragm, Body Seal), and VALVE BODY with bleed ports.

Valve Model Diagrams Description: Diagrams are shown for EV-100 and CP-075-P/CP-100-P valves.

Parts and Repair Information

A variety of parts and assemblies are available for Rain Bird valves. If your local dealer doesn't have a part, inquire about ordering it or call the Technical Services hotline (1-800-RAIN-BIRD) for dealer referrals or factory direct ordering. Technicians are available to help identify models and parts.