Important Safety Instructions

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[Warning] Read all of the instructions and cautions in the manual before beginning the installation !

Important Safety Instructions

[Warning] This Manual contains all the safety, installation and operation instructions of POW series PV energy-storage hybrid inverter. Read all of the instructions and cautions in the manual before beginning the installation !

[Warning] The inverters have internal unsafe voltage, in order to avoid personal injury, users should not disassemble them by themselves; if maintenance was required, should contact our professional maintenance personnel.

[Warning] Keep the inverter out of the reach of children.

[Warning] Do Not install the inverter in any flammable and explosive environment.

The mains input and AC output are high voltage, so please Do Not touch the wire connector.

[Warning] When the inverter is working, the shell temperature will be very high, so please Do Not touch it.

[Checked] Please Do Not open the terminal protective cover when the inverter is working.

It is recommended to install suitable fuse or circuit breaker outside the inverter.

[Warning] Before installing and adjusting the wiring of the Inverter, be sure to disconnect the fuse or circuit breaker near the PV array, the mains supply and the battery terminal.

Check whether all wire connections are tight after installation to avoid danger of heat accumulation caused by virtual connection.

The Inverter is off-grid type, for the input power of load equipment, it is required to confirm that this Inverter is the only input equipment and it is forbidden to use it in parallel with any other input AC power source so as to avoid damage.

General Information

1.1 Product overview and features

POW series is a new type of solar hybrid inverter, integrating solar energy storage and mains charging and AC sine-wave output. It is controlled by DSP and has the features of high response speed, high reliability and high industrial standard through state-of-art control algorithm. It has four charging modes: solar only, mains priority, solar power priority and solar hybrid; two output modes of inverter and Mains Power can be selected to meet different application requirements.

The solar charging module adopts the latest optimized MPPT technology, which can quickly track the MPP of PV array in any environment, obtain the maximum energy of solar panel in real time, and has a wide MPPT voltage range.

AC-DC charging module adopts state-of-art control algorithm for full digital double closed-loop control of voltage and current, which has high control precision and small size. Wide AC voltage input range, complete I/O protection functions, stable and reliable realization of battery charging and protection.

The DC-AC inverter module is based on all-digital intelligent design, adopting state-of-art SPWM technology, outputting pure sine wave, converting DC to AC, and thus suitable for AC loads such as household appliances, electric tools, industrial equipment, electronic audio and video, etc. The product adopts sectional LCD display design, which displays the running data and running status of the system in real time. The comprehensive electronic protection function can ensure that the entire system be safer and more stable.

Characteristics:

• Sectional charging and discharging function available, able to enable and disable AC charging function based on the charging section time be set, switch power supply mode between inverter and AC bypass based on the discharge section time be set.
• Anti-counter-current grid-connected function (PV and mains hybrid power supply).
• It has insulation impedance and leakage current detection function.
• Support for use under battery-free conditions.
• It has double activation function of lithium battery, which can be triggered by connecting any mains/PV power.
• With the function of ECO mode and reducing no-load loss.
• There are 4 charging modes available: solar only, Mains Power first, solar first and hybrid charging.
• It has two output modes: Mains Power bypass and inverter output, and has the function of uninterrupted power supply.
• It has multiple protection functions for 360° omni-directional protection.
• Support lead-acid battery and lithium battery access.
• The ON/OFF switch controls the inverter AC output.
• PV Grid-connected power generation mode can be set.
• Adopt full digital voltage and current double closed-loop control, state-of-art SPWM technology and output pure sine wave.
• Advanced MPPT technology, the efficiency is as high as 99.9%.
• LCD screen design, 3 LED indicator lights, dynamic display system data and running status.
• Adopt intelligent adjustable speed fan to dissipate heat efficiently and prolong the service life of the system.
• Complete short circuit protection, over-voltage and under-voltage protection, overload protection and backfeed protection available.

1.2 Introduction to the Basic System

The following figure shows the system application scenario of this Product. A complete system shall include the following parts:

1. PV Module: convert light energy into direct current energy, charge the battery through inverter, or directly invert into AC to supply power to the load.
2. Mains Power or Generator: connected at AC input, can supply power to the load and charge the battery at the same time. If no mains or generator is connected, the system can operate normally and the load power is supplied by batteries and PV module.
3. Battery: the function of battery is to ensure the normal power consumption of the system load when the solar energy is insufficient and there is no Mains Power.
4. Load of Household Appliances: can access to various loads of household and office appliances, including AC loads such as refrigerators, lamps, televisions, fans and air conditioners.
5. Reversing Control Inverter: energy conversion device of the whole system. The specific system wiring mode is determined by the actual application scenario.

A system diagram illustrates the application scenario. It shows a PV Panel connected to the 'PV' input of the Inverter. The Inverter also receives input from a Generator or Utility via the 'AC IN' port. An external Battery pack is connected to the 'BATTERY' terminal. Home Appliances are connected to the 'AC OUT' port. The diagram visually represents the flow of energy from solar, grid, or battery to power the loads.

1.3 Product Features

1.4 Dimensional Diagram

Diagrams show the front, side, and top views of the inverter unit with dimensions indicated. A separate diagram illustrates the location of mounting holes with dimensions.

Installation Instructions

2.1 Precautions for Installation

Please read this Manual carefully to familiarize yourself with the installation steps before installing.

• Take great care when installing the battery. Wear protective goggles when installing the lead-acid liquid battery. Once contacting the acid solution of battery, please rinse with clear water in time.
• Avoid placing any metal object near the battery against short-circuiting.
• Acid gas may be generated when the battery is charged so as to ensure good ventilation of surroundings.
• When the cabinet is installed, it is necessary to leave enough space around the inverter for heat dissipation; Do Not install the inverter and the lead-acid liquid battery in the same cabinet, so as to prevent the acid gas generated when the battery works from corroding the inverter.
• Only the type of battery conforming to this inverter can be charged.
• Virtual junctions and corroded wires may cause great heat, melt the insulation of wire, burn the surrounding material, and even cause fire. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that all connectors are tightened, and wires are preferably fixed with ties to avoid loose connectors caused by shaking of wires during mobile applications.
• The connection wire of the System shall be selected according to the current density no more than 5A/mm².
• After the power is turned off, there is still high voltage inside the inverter. Please Do Not open or touch the internal devices, and Do Not carry out relevant operations until the capacitor is discharged.
• Please Do Not install the inverter in any flammable and explosive environment.
• No reverse polarity is allowed for the battery input of this product, otherwise, it is easy to damage the equipment or cause any unpredictable danger.
• The mains input and AC output are high voltage, so please Do Not touch the wire connector.
• When the fan is working, Do Not touch it to prevent injury.
• For the input power of load equipment, it is required to confirm that this Inverter is the only input equipment and it is forbidden to use it in parallel with any other input AC power source so as to avoid damage.

2.2 Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection

The wiring and installation methods must comply with national and local electrical specifications.

Recommended PV Array Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection:

The minimum wire diameter of PV array is calculated according to the short-circuit current of PV array. The short-circuit current of PV modules is unchanged when they are connected in series; if in parallel, the short-circuit current will be the sum of the short-circuit current of all parallel modules. The short-circuit current of the array cannot exceed the maximum PV input current.

Note: The input voltage of PV panels in series shall not exceed the maximum open-circuit voltage corresponding to the Model.

Recommended AC input wire diameter and switch:

Note: There is a corresponding circuit breaker at the input wiring of Mains Power, so no circuit breaker can be added.

Recommended Battery Access Wire Diameter and Switch Selection:

Recommended AC Output Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection:

Note: The wiring diameter is for reference only. If the distance between the PV array and the inverter or between the inverter and the battery is long, using thicker wire can reduce the voltage drop and improve the system performance. The above wiring diameters and circuit breakers are recommended only. Please select the appropriate wiring diameters and circuit breakers, as the case may be.

2.3 Installation and Wiring

Installation Steps:

1. Determine the installation position of the Inverter. If installing the inverter on wall, please make sure that there is enough air flowing through the heat sink of the Inverter, leaving 200mm operating space on the left and right of the Inverter and 500mm air inlet and outlet heat dissipation space on the top and bottom. Refer to the complete machine installation diagram.

[Warning] Danger of Explosion! NEVER install the Inverter and the lead-acid liquid battery in the same confined space! Do Not install in a confined space where the battery gas may accumulate.

Diagram showing the inverter mounted on a wall with required clearance spaces (200mm left/right, 500mm top/bottom).

2. Open 4 holes in the wall according to the specified dimensions, and knock in expansion screws.

Diagram illustrating drilling holes for mounting, showing dimensions (325.0 mm, 300.0 mm) and screw insertion.

3. Hang up the machine and tighten the screws.

Diagram showing the machine being hung and secured with screws.

4. Remove the terminal protection cover.

Diagram showing the terminal protection cover removed.

5. Connect the Wire. (Note: The wire shall penetrate into the corresponding joint before crimping the terminal.)

Diagrams illustrating the connection methods for AC input/output, PV input, and battery terminals (BAT). Includes wire color coding (Live, Neutral, Ground) and terminal labels (L, N, GND, AC IN, AC OUT, BAT-, BAT+, PV).

Connection method of AC I/O:

• Prior to AC I/O wiring, disconnect the external circuit breaker and confirm whether the cable used is thick enough. Please refer to Chapter "2.2 Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection".
• According to the cable sequence and terminal position, connect the AC input line properly. Connect the grounding wire first, then connect the live wire and the neutral wire. (L: Live Wire, N: Neutral Wire, : Ground Wire)
• Connect the AC output line properly according to the cable sequence and terminal position. Connect the ground wire first, then the live wire and the neutral wire.

Wiring Method of PV Input:

• Prior to wiring, disconnect the external circuit breaker and confirm whether the cable used is thick enough. Please refer to Chapter "2.2 Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection".
• According to the cable sequence and terminal position, connect the PV input line properly.

BAT Wiring Method:

• Prior to wiring, disconnect the external circuit breaker and confirm whether the cable used is thick enough. Please refer to Chapter "2.2 Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection". BAT wire shall be connected with the machine through O-terminal. It is recommended to use O-terminal with inner diameter of 7MM. The O-terminal must firmly compress BAT wire to prevent excessive heating caused by excessive contact impedance.
• According to the cable sequence and terminal position, connect the BAT wire properly.

Ground Wire of the Entire Machine:

The ground wire is located on the bottom of the chassis and shall be connected by O-terminal. It is recommended to use O-terminal with inner diameter of 6MM.

Note: The ground cable should be as thick as possible (sectional area not less than 4mm²), and the grounding point should be kept close to the Inverter. The ground wire shall be shorter as possible.

[Warning] Please be sure to disconnect the circuit breaker or fuse prior to wiring, since the mains input, AC output and PV array will generate high voltage.

[Warning] Pay attention to safety in the process of wiring; Do Not close the circuit breaker or fuse, and ensure the "+" and "-" pole leads of each component be connected properly. The circuit breaker must be installed at the battery end. Please refer to Chapter 2.2 "Wiring Specification and Circuit Breaker Selection" for their selection.

Prior to wiring, please be sure to disconnect the circuit breaker to prevent strong electric spark and avoid short-circuiting the battery. If the inverter is applied in an area with frequent lightning, it is recommended to install an external surge protection device at PV input.

6. Check whether wires are connected properly and firmly, especially check for reversed polarity of battery and PV input, and improper AC input to AC output connection.
7. Tighten the waterproof joint cover and close the machine cover back.
8. Start the inverter: First close the circuit breaker at the battery end, then press the circular ON/OFF switch on the right of the machine.

The flashing of "AC/INV" indicator lamp indicates that the inverter works normally. Close the circuit breaker of PV array and Mains Power again. Finally, open the AC load one by one after the AC output is normal to avoid protection action caused by instantaneous impact and ensure normal operation.

Note: If power is supplied to different AC loads, it is recommended to turn on the load with high impulse current first, and then turn on the load with small impulse current until the load can work stably.

Note: If the inverter is not working properly or the LCD or indicator light displays abnormally, please refer to Chapter 6 for troubleshooting.

Working mode

3.1 Charging Mode

1. Solar First:

   Priority is given to charging by PV. Mains charging starts only when PV fails. This mode utilizes solar energy for daytime power generation and switches to mains charging to maintain battery level. It's suitable for regions with stable grids and higher feed-in tariffs.

Diagrams illustrate PV failure and PV recovery scenarios.

2. Mains First:

   Priority is given to charging by Mains Power. PV charging starts only when Mains Power fails.

Diagrams illustrate Mains failure and Mains recovery scenarios.

3. Hybrid Charging:

   Hybrid charging of PV and Mains Power. Priority is given to PV MPPT charging, supplemented by Mains Power when PV energy is insufficient. Mains Power stops charging when PV energy is sufficient. This mode is for fast charging, suitable for unstable power grids, and provides backup power.

Diagrams illustrate PV deficiency and PV sufficient scenarios.

4. Only Solar:

   Only PV charging is initiated; no mains charging. This is the most energy-efficient mode, with battery power from solar energy. It's typically used in regions with good daylighting conditions.

Diagram illustrates solar energy powering the inverter.

3.2 Output Mode

1. Solar First:

   PV and battery power the load. Maximizes green solar energy use for efficiency and emission reduction. Switches to Mains Power when PV fails. Suitable for regions with relatively stable power grids.

Diagrams illustrate PV failure and PV recovery scenarios for output.

2. Mains First:

   Switches to inverter power supply only when Mains Power fails, acting like a backup UPS. Used in regions with unstable power grids.

Diagrams illustrate Mains failure and Mains recovery scenarios for output.

3. Inverter First:

   Switches to Mains Power supply only when the battery is under-voltage. Uses DC energy to the maximum extent. Used in regions with stable power grids.

Diagrams illustrate battery under-voltage and battery recovery scenarios for output.

4. Hybrid Function:

   When the battery is not connected or fully charged, the load is powered by a hybrid of PV and Mains Power, utilizing maximum PV output power.

Diagram illustrates hybrid power source for the load.

LCD Screen Operating Instructions

4.1 Operation and Display Panel

The operation and display panel includes one LCD screen, 3 indicator lights (AC/INV, CHARGE, FAULT), and 4 operation buttons.

4.2 Introduction to Operation Keys

4.3 Introduction to Indicator Light

4.4 Introduction to LCD Screen

The LCD screen displays various parameters and statuses. Icons represent different system components and states.

When the system is in alarm or fault state, the main interface displays fault code; display setting options when setting.

Main Interface: displays real-time time, date, total PV power generation, total load power consumption, RS485 address, version number. Setting Interface: displays setting contents.

Real-time data viewing method:

On the LCD main screen, press [Previous Arrow] or [Next Arrow] buttons for page turning to view the real-time data of the machine.

4.5 Description of Setting Parameters

Key Operation Instructions: Enter the setting menu and exit the setting menu, please press [Enter/Checkmark]. After entering the setting menu, the parameter number [00] will flash. At this time, you can press the [Up Arrow] and [Down Arrow] keys to select the parameter code to be set. Then press [Enter/Checkmark] to enter the parameter editing state, at this time, the value of the parameter flashes, adjust the value of the parameter through the [Up Arrow] and [Down Arrow], and finally press [Enter/Checkmark] to complete the editing of the parameter and return to the parameter selection state.

4.6 Battery Type Parameter List

Lead acid battery:

Lithium battery:

Other Functions

5.1 Dry contact Function

Working Principle: This dry contact can control the switch of diesel generator to charge the battery. (1) Under normal circumstances, this terminal is closed at NC-N point and opened at NO-N point; (2) when the battery voltage reaches the low-voltage breaking point, the coil of the relay is electrified, and the NO-N point is closed and the NC-N point is opened, at this time, the NO-N point can drive resistive load 125VAC/1A, 230VAC/1A and 30VDC/1A.

Diagram of dry contact terminals (NO, NC, N).

5.2 RS485 Communication Function

There are 2 communication ports: RS485-1 and RS485-2, which have two functions:

• RS485-2 communication port can communicate with lithium battery BMS in RS485 (need to be customized).
• RS485-1 communication port can be connected with the selected RS485 to WIFI/GPRS communication module independently developed by use. The Module, if selected, can be connected with the inverter, and the operating parameters and status of the inverter can be viewed through the mobile APP.

As illustrated in the figure: Pin 1 is 5V power, Pin 2 is GND, Pin 7 is RS485-A and Pin 8 is RS485-B.

Diagram of RS485 connector pinout.

5.3 USB Communication Function

This is a USB communication port, which can be used with the optional host computer. Software for USB communication requires installing the corresponding "USB to serial port chip CH340T Driver" in the computer.

Diagram of USB connector.

5.4 CAN Communication Interface

Communication port can communicate with lithium battery BMS (need to be customized), terminal left interface CNAL, terminal right interface CANH.

Diagram of CAN interface terminals (CNAL, CANH).

Protection

6.1 Protection Functions Available

6.2 Meaning of Fault Code

6.3 Partial Troubleshooting Measures

System Maintenance

In order to maintain the best long-term working performance, it is recommended to check the followings twice a year.

1. Make sure that the airflow around the inverter is not blocked, and remove any dirt or debris from the heat sink.
2. Check whether the insulation of all exposed wires is damaged due to sun exposure, friction with any other surrounding object, dry rot, damage by insects or rats, etc. If necessary, repair or replace them.
3. Verify that the indications and displays are identical with the equipment operation. Please pay attention to any fault or error display and take corrective measures if necessary.
4. Check all terminals for signs of corrosion, insulation damage, high temperature or burning/discoloration, and tighten the terminal screws.
5. Check whether there is dirt, nesting insects and corrosion, and clean up as required.
6. If the surge protection device has failed, replace the failed arrester in time to prevent the inverter and even other equipment of users from being damaged by lightning.

[Warning] Danger of electric shock! In the process of the above operation, make sure that all powers of the inverter have been disconnected, and all capacitor powers are discharged, and then perform corresponding inspection or operation!

We shall not assume any responsibility for the damage caused under the following circumstances:

• Damage caused by improper use or any use in an inappropriate place.
• The open circuit voltage of PV module has exceeded the maximum allowable value.
• Damage caused by the working environment temperature exceeding the limited range.
• Disassembling and repair of the inverter without permission.
• Damage caused by force majeure: damage occurred during transportation or loading and unloading of the inverter.

Technical Parameters

Mains Power mode

Inverter mode

Battery voltage range

40Vdc-60Vdc ± 0.6 Vdc (under-voltage alarm/shutdown voltage/over-voltage alarm/over-voltage recovery … LCD screen can be set)

Power saving mode

Non-ECO mode ≤100W; ECO mode ≤50W

Charging under Grid Electricity

Solar charging

Certification Specification

Scan QR code with a Google browser to download the APP. Search for "SmartESS" in the Google Play Store to download and install.