SILICON LABS Mara waya ta M-BUS Software Aiwatar da AN451 Jagorar mai amfani

Wannan bayanin kula na aikace-aikacen yana bayanin aiwatar da Silicon Labs aiwatar da M-Bus mara waya ta amfani da Silicon Labs C8051 MCU da EZRadioPRO®. M-bus mara waya shine ƙa'idar Turai don aikace-aikacen karatun mita ta amfani da rukunin mitar 868 MHz.

Tari Layer

M-Bus mara waya yana amfani da ƙirar IEC mai Layer 3, wanda yanki ne na ƙirar OSI mai Layer 7 (duba Hoto 1).

An bayyana Layer na Jiki (PHY) a cikin EN 13757-4. Layer na zahiri yana bayyana yadda ake rufaffiyar ragowa da watsawa, halayen modem na RF ( ƙimar guntu, preamble, da kalmar aiki tare), da sigogin RF (daidaitawa, mitar tsakiya, da karkacewar mitar).
Ana aiwatar da Layer na PHY ta amfani da haɗin hardware da firmware. EZRadioPRO yana yin duk ayyukan RF da modem. Ana amfani da EZRadioPRO a yanayin FIFO tare da mai sarrafa fakiti. Tsarin MbusPhy.c yana ba da keɓancewar SPI, ɓoyewa/dekodi, toshe karantawa/rubutu, da sarrafa fakiti da sarrafa jihohin transceiver.
Ana aiwatar da layin hanyar haɗin bayanan M-Bus a cikin tsarin MbusLink.c. M-Bus Application Programming interface ya ƙunshi ayyuka na jama'a waɗanda za a iya kira daga layin aikace-aikacen a cikin babban zaren. Tsarin MbusLink kuma yana aiwatar da Layer Link Layer. Layin hanyar haɗin bayanai zai tsara da kwafi bayanai daga aikace-aikacen TX buffer zuwa MbusPhy TX buffer, ƙara masu kai da CRCs da ake buƙata.
Layer ɗin aikace-aikacen kanta baya cikin firmware M-bus. Layer na aikace-aikacen yana bayyana yadda za a tsara nau'ikan bayanai iri-iri don watsawa. Yawancin mita suna buƙatar watsa nau'ikan bayanai ɗaya ko biyu kawai. Ƙara adadi mai yawa na lamba don ɗaukar kowane irin bayanai zuwa mita zai ƙara lambar da ba dole ba da farashi ga mita. Yana iya yiwuwa a aiwatar da ɗakin karatu ko kan kai file tare da cikakken jerin nau'ikan bayanai. Koyaya, yawancin abokan cinikin mitar sun san ainihin nau'in bayanan da suke buƙata don watsawa kuma suna iya komawa ga ƙa'idodin tsara bayanan. Mai karatu na duniya ko maharbi na iya aiwatar da cikakken tsarin nau'ikan bayanan aikace-aikacen akan PC GUI. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana aiwatar da Layer na aikace-aikacen ta amfani da example aikace-aikace na mita da mai karatu.

Matsayin da ake buƙata

TS EN 13757-4
TS EN 13757-4
Tsarin sadarwa na mita da kuma karatun mita mai nisa
Sashe na 4: Karatun Mitar Mara waya
Karatun rediyo don aiki a cikin 868 MHz zuwa 870 MHz SRD band
TS EN 13757-3
Tsarin sadarwa na mita da kuma karatun mita mai nisa
Sashe na 3: Dedicated aikace-aikace Layer

IEC 60870-2-1: 1992
Telecontrol kayan aiki da tsarin
Sashe na 5: Ka'idojin watsawa
Sashi na 1: Hanyar watsawa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa
IEC 60870-1-1: 1990
Telecontrol kayan aiki da tsarin
Sashe na 5: Ka'idojin watsawa
Sashi na 1: Tsarin firam ɗin watsawa

Ma'anoni

M-Bus-M-Bus misali ne na waya don karatun mita a Turai.
M-Bus mara waya— M-Bus mara waya don aikace-aikacen karatun mita a Turai.

PHY- Layer na jiki yana bayyana yadda ake ɓoye bayanan bits da bytes da kuma watsa su.
API-Application Programmer interface.

MAHADI -Data Link Layer yana bayyana yadda ake watsa tubalan da firam.
CRC-Duban Sake Sake Cyclic.

FSK-Maɓallin Shift Mitar.
Chip-Mafi ƙanƙanta naúrar bayanan da aka watsa. An ɗora bit ɗin bayanai ɗaya azaman kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa.

Module-AC code source .c file.

M-Bus PHY Bayanin Aiki

Jerin Gabatarwa

Jerin Preamble da ƙayyadaddun M-bus ya kayyade shine lambar lamba mai musanya sifili da waɗanda. Ana bayyana ɗaya a matsayin mitar mafi girma, kuma sifili ana bayyana shi azaman ƙananan mitar.
nx (01)
Zaɓuɓɓukan Preamble na Si443x adadi ne na nibbles wanda ya ƙunshi maɓalli da sifili.
nx (1010)
Preamble tare da ƙarin jagora ba zai zama matsala ba, amma, to, kalmar aiki tare da kayan aiki za a daidaita su da ɗan bit guda.
Maganin shine a juyar da fakitin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar saita bit ɗin injin a cikin rajistar Modulation Control 2 (0x71). Wannan zai juyar da gabatarwar, kalmar daidaitawa, da bayanan TX/RX. Sakamakon haka, ya kamata a juyar da bayanan lokacin rubuta bayanan TX ko karanta bayanan RX. Hakanan, kalmar daidaitawa ana juyar da ita kafin rubutawa zuwa Si443x Rijistar Maganar Aiki tare.

Maganar Aiki tare

Kalmar daidaitawa da EN-13757-4 ke buƙata shine ko dai 18 kwakwalwan kwamfuta don Yanayin S da Yanayin R ko guntu 10 don Model T. Kalmar aiki tare na Si443x shine 1 zuwa 4 bytes. Duk da haka, tun da kalmar daidaitawa koyaushe tana gaba da gabatarwa, za a iya la'akari da rago shida na ƙarshe na kalmar wani ɓangare na kalmar aiki tare; don haka, kalmar daidaitawa ta farko tana cike da maimaitawa uku na sifili da ɗaya. Ana cika kalmar aiki tare kafin rubutawa zuwa rijistar Si443x.
Tebur 1. Maganar Aiki tare don Yanayin S da Yanayin R

TS EN 13757-4	00	01110110	10010110	binary
TS EN 13757-4	00	76	96	hex
da (01) x 3	01010100	01110110	10010110	binary
da (01) x 3	54	76	96	hex
cika	10101011	10001001	01101001	binary
cika	AB	89	69	hex

Tebur 2. Aiki tare Kalma don Yanayin T Mita zuwa Wani

SYNCH	SYNCH	SYNCH
MAGANAR	MAGANAR	MAGANAR
3	2	1

Tsawon Gabatarwa

An ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun gabatarwa don yanayin aiki daban-daban guda huɗu. Abu ne mai yarda a sami preamble ya fi tsayi fiye da kayyade. Rage kwakwalwan kwamfuta shida don gabatarwar yana ba da mafi ƙarancin adadin kwakwalwan kwamfuta don gabatarwar Si443x. Aiwatar tana ƙara ƙarin nibbles guda biyu na gabatarwa a cikin duk gajerun hanyoyin gabatarwa don haɓaka gano gabatarwa da haɗin kai. Gabatarwa akan Yanayin S tare da dogon gabatarwa yana da tsayi sosai; don haka, ana amfani da mafi ƙarancin gabatarwa. An rubuta tsayin gabatarwa a cikin nibbles zuwa rajistar Tsawon Preamble (0x34). Rijistar tsayin gabatarwa yana ƙayyade gabatarwar akan watsawa kawai. An taƙaita mafi ƙanƙanta ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai da tsayin gabatarwa a cikin Tebu 3.
Tebur 3. Tsawon Gabatarwa

	Saukewa: EN-13757-4 m		Si443x Preamble Saita ing		Aiki tare Kalma	Jimlar	kari
	nx (01)	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	nibbles	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta
Yanayin S gajeriyar gabatarwa	15	30	8	32	6	38	8
Yanayin S doguwar gaba	279	558	138	552	6	558	0
Yanayin T (mita-sauran)	19	38	10	40	6	46	8
Yanayin R	39	78	20	80	6	86	8

Mafi ƙarancin preamble don liyafar an ƙaddara ta wurin rijistar Kula da Ganewar Preamble (0x35). Bayan liyafar, dole ne a cire adadin ragowa a cikin kalmar daidaitawa daga ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden gabatarwar don tantance abin gabatarwar mai amfani. Matsakaicin lokacin daidaitawa na mai karɓa shine 16-chips idan an kunna AFC ko guntu 8 idan AFC ta naƙasa. Hakanan ana cire lokacin daidaitawar mai karɓa daga gabatarwa mai amfani don ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin saiti don rajistar Sarrafa Gano Preamble.

Yiwuwar preamble na ƙarya ya dogara da saitin rajistar Sarrafa Ganewa Preamble. Gajeren saitin guntu 8 na iya haifar da gano farkon farkon da aka gano kowane daƙiƙa kaɗan. Shawarar saitin guntu 20 ya sanya gano farkon farkon abin da ba zai yuwu ba. Tsawon preamble na Yanayin R da Yanayin SL sun isheshi tsayi don shawarar saitin da za a yi amfani da shi.
Akwai ƙarancin fa'ida don sanya preamble gano tsawon fiye da guntu 20.
An kashe AFC don Model S tare da ɗan gajeren gabatarwa da Model T. Wannan yana rage lokacin daidaita mai karɓa kuma yana ba da izinin saitin gano wuri mai tsayi. Tare da kashe AFC, Yanayin T na iya amfani da shawarar saitin kwakwalwan kwamfuta 20. Ana amfani da saitin nibbles 4 ko guntu 20 don Model S tare da ɗan gajeren gabatarwa. Wannan yana sa yuwuwar gano maƙalar ƙarya ta ɗan ƙara girma ga wannan ƙirar.
Tebur 4. Gano Preamble

	Saukewa: EN-13757-4 m		Aiki tare Kalma	mai amfani gabatarwa	Gyaran RX	Gane min	Si443x Preamble Gano Gano
	nx (01)	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	kwakwalwan kwamfuta	nibbles	kwakwalwan kwamfuta
Yanayin S gajeriyar gabatarwa	15	30	6	24	8*	16	4	16
Model S dogon gabatarwa	279	558	6	552	16	536	5	20
Model T (mita-sauran)	19	38	6	32	8*	24	5	20
Yanayin R	39	78	6	72	16	56	5	20
*Lura: An kashe AFC

An saita mai karɓa don yin aiki tare da mai watsawa ta amfani da ƙaramin ƙayyadadden gabatarwa. Wannan yana tabbatar da mai karɓar zai yi aiki tare da kowane mai watsawa na M-bus.
Ƙayyadaddun M-Bus mara waya yana buƙatar dogon preamble don Yanayin S1 na aƙalla kwakwalwan kwamfuta 558. Wannan zai ɗauki kusan ms 17 kawai don watsa gabatarwar. Si443x baya buƙatar irin wannan dogon preamble kuma baya amfana daga dogon gabatarwar. Yayin da aka lura da dogon preamble azaman zaɓi don Yanayin S2, babu wani dalili na amfani da dogon gabatarwa tare da Si443x. Idan ana son sadarwa ta hanya ɗaya, Yanayin T1 zai samar da gajeriyar gabatarwa, ƙimar bayanai mafi girma, da tsawon rayuwar baturi. Idan ana buƙatar sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu ta amfani da Yanayin S2, ana ba da shawarar gajeriyar gabatarwa.
Yi la'akari da cewa iyakar gano Model S tare da dogon gabaɗaya ya fi yawan adadin preamble nibbles da aka watsa don Model S tare da ɗan gajeren gabatarwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa mai karɓa na Mode S mai tsayi ba zai iya gano preamble daga gajeriyar hanyar gabatarwar Mode S ba. Wannan ya zama dole idan dogon preamble Mode S mai karɓar yana son karɓar kowane fa'ida daga dogon gabatarwar.
Lura cewa ɗan gajeren preamble Mode S mai karɓar zai gano gabatarwar kuma ya karɓi fakiti daga duka gajeriyar yanayin preamble S.
mai watsawa da mai watsawa mai tsawo na Yanayin S; don haka, gabaɗaya, mai karanta mita ya kamata yayi amfani da gajeriyar tsarin mai karɓa na Mode S.

Rufewa/Decoding

Ƙayyadaddun M-bus mara waya yana buƙatar hanyoyin ɓoye daban-daban guda biyu. Ana amfani da rufaffiyar Manchester don Yanayin S da Yanayin R. Hakanan ana amfani da rufaffiyar Manchester don hanyar haɗin-zuwa-mita a cikin Model T. Model T-mita-zuwa mahaɗin yana amfani da 3 cikin 6 encodings.
1. Manchester Encoded/Decoding
Rufe rikodi na Manchester ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin tsarin RF don samar da ingantacciyar farfadowa da sa ido ta hanyar amfani da modem mai sauƙi kuma mara tsada. Koyaya, babban rediyo na zamani kamar Si443x baya buƙatar rufaffiyar Manchester. Ana samun goyan bayan ɓoye bayanan Manchester da farko don dacewa tare da ƙa'idodin da ake da su, amma ƙimar bayanan Si443x yana da ninki biyu sosai lokacin da ba a amfani da rufaffiyar Manchester.
Si443x yana goyan bayan ɓoye bayanan Manchester da yanke duk fakiti a cikin kayan aiki. Abin takaici, kalmar daidaitawa ba ta rufaffiyar Manchester ba. An zaɓi jerin Manchester mara inganci da gangan don kalmar aiki tare. Wannan ya sa ɓoye bayanan Manchester bai dace da yawancin radiyon da ake dasu ba, gami da Si443x. Sakamakon haka, dole ne MCU ta yi rufaffiyar faifan Manchester da yanke hukunci. Kowane byte akan bayanan da ba a buɗe ba ya ƙunshi bayanan bayanai guda takwas. Yin amfani da rufaffiyar Manchester, kowane bit na bayanai an lulluɓe shi cikin alamar guntu biyu. Tunda rufaffen bayanan dole ne a rubuta su zuwa ga rediyo FIFO guntu guda takwas a lokaci guda, ana rufaffen ɓangarorin bayanai guda ɗaya kuma a rubuta zuwa FIFO a lokaci guda.
Tebur 5. Encoding na Manchester

data	Ox12		0 x34		bytes
	Ox1	0 x2	0 x3	0 x4	nibbles
	1	10	11	100	binary
guntu	10101001	10100110	10100101	10011010	binary
FIFO	OxA9	OxA6	OxA5	Ox9A	hex

Kowane byte da za a watsa ana wuce shi byte ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya zuwa aikin rufaffiyar byte. Ayyukan encode byte zai kira aikin nibble sau biyu, na farko don mafi mahimmancin nibble sannan kuma ga mafi ƙarancin nibble.
Rufe bayanan Manchester a cikin software ba shi da wahala. An fara daga mafi mahimmancin bit, ana sanya ɗaya a matsayin jerin guntu "01". An saka sifili azaman jerin guntu “10”. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan cikin sauƙi ta amfani da madauki da jujjuya rago biyu ga kowace alama. Koyaya, yana da sauri don kawai amfani da tebur mai sauƙin shigarwa 16 don kowane nibble. Rubutun aikin nibble na Manchester yana ɓoye ɓoyayyen bayanai sannan a rubuta shi zuwa FIFO. Ana juyar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta kafin rubutawa ga FIFO don yin lissafin buƙatun gabatarwa da aka juyar.
Lokacin karɓa, kowane byte a cikin FIFO ya ƙunshi guntu guda takwas kuma an ƙirƙira shi cikin nibble na bayanai ɗaya. Aikin toshe karatun yana karanta byte ɗaya lokaci ɗaya daga FIFO kuma yana kiran aikin byte. Ana juyar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta bayan karantawa daga FIFO don yin lissafin buƙatun gabatarwa da aka juyar da su. Kowane byte na kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Manchester an ƙera su zuwa ɗimbin bayanai. An rubuta ƙaƙƙarfan nibble zuwa ga ma'aunin RX ta amfani da aikin buffer rubuta nibble RX.
Yi la'akari da cewa duka biyun da aka ɓoye da kuma yanke hukunci ana yin su ne ɗaya daga cikin bayanai a lokaci ɗaya akan tashi. Rufewa zuwa buffer zai buƙaci ƙarin buffer sau biyu girman bayanan da ba a rufe ba. Rufewa da ƙaddamarwa yana da sauri da sauri fiye da ƙimar bayanan da aka goyan baya cikin sauri (chips 100k a sakan daya). Tun da Si443x yana goyan bayan karantawa-byte da yawa kuma yana rubutawa ga FIFO, akwai ƙaramin sama da ƙasa a cikin amfani da karantawa da rubutu-byte kawai. Babban sama yana kusan 10 µs don rufaffiyar kwakwalwan kwamfuta 100. Amfanin shine ajiyar RAM na 512 bytes.
2. Uku Daga Cikin Shida Shida Codeing Decoding
Hakanan ana aiwatar da hanyar ɓoye uku-daga-shida da aka ƙayyade a cikin EN-13757-4 a cikin firmware akan MCU. Ana amfani da wannan rufaffiyar don babban-gudun (chips 100k a sakan daya) Yanayin T daga mita zuwa wani. Model T yana ba da mafi ƙarancin lokacin watsawa da mafi tsayin rayuwar baturi don mita mara waya.
Kowane byte na bayanai da za a watsa an kasu kashi biyu nibbles. Mafi mahimmancin nibble ana shigar da shi kuma ana watsa shi da farko. Hakanan, ana aiwatar da wannan ta amfani da aikin ɓoyayyen ɓoyi wanda ke kiran aikin nibble sau biyu.
Kowane ƙugiya na bayanai ana ƙulla shi cikin alamar guntu shida. Dole ne a rubuta jerin alamomin guntu shida zuwa FIFO 8chip.
A lokacin rufaffen bayanai, bytes biyu na bayanai ana lullube su azaman nibbles huɗu. Kowane nibble alama ce ta guntu 6. Alamun guntu guda huɗu an haɗa su azaman bytes uku.
Tebur 6. Uku Daga Cikin Shida Rufewa

data	0 x12			0 x34			bytes
	Ox1	0 x2		0 x3		0 x4	nibbles
guntu	15	16		13		34	octal
	1101	1110		1011		11100	binary
FIFO	110100		11100010		11011100		binary
	0 x34		OxE2		OxDC		hex

A cikin software, ana aiwatar da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen uku cikin-16 ta amfani da ayyuka na gida uku. Ayyukan encode byte zai kira aikin nibble sau biyu. Ayyukan nibble yana amfani da tebur dubawa don alamar guntu shida kuma yana rubuta alamar zuwa Shift Uku daga ayyuka shida. Wannan aikin yana aiwatar da rajistar canji mai guntu XNUMX a cikin software. An rubuta alamar zuwa mafi ƙarancin byte na rijistar motsi. Ana canza rijistar hagu sau biyu. Ana maimaita wannan sau uku. Lokacin da cikakken byte ya kasance a cikin babban byte na rijistar motsi, ana jujjuya shi kuma a rubuta shi zuwa FIFO.
Tunda kowane byte na bayanai an ɗora su azaman ɗaya da rabi rufaffiyar bytes, yana da mahimmanci a share rajistar canji da farko domin farkon rufaffiyar byte daidai. Idan tsawon fakitin lamba ce mara kyau, bayan shigar da duk bytes, har yanzu za a sami raguwa guda ɗaya a cikin rajistar canji. Ana sarrafa wannan tare da wasiƙar kamar yadda aka bayyana a sashe na gaba.
Ƙaddamar da uku daga cikin shida da aka rufaffen shine tsarin baya. Lokacin yankewa, rufaffiyar bytes guda uku ana yanke su zuwa bytes bayanai guda biyu. Ana sake amfani da rajistar canjin software don tara bytes na bayanan da aka yanke. Ana amfani da tebur mai juzu'i mai shiga 64 don yankewa. Wannan yana amfani da ƙananan hawan keke amma ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar lamba. Neman tebirin duba shigarwar 16 don alamar da ta dace yana ɗaukar tsayi sosai.
Gidan waya
Ƙayyadaddun M-bus mara waya yana da takamaiman buƙatu don gidan waya ko tirela. Ga duk hanyoyin, mafi ƙarancin guntu biyu ne, kuma matsakaicin guntu takwas ne. Tun da ƙaramin atom ɗin na FIFO shine byte ɗaya, ana amfani da tirela mai guntu 8 don Yanayin S da Yanayin R. Yanayin T postamble ɗin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ne guda takwas idan tsawon fakitin ya kasance ko da kwakwalwan kwamfuta guda huɗu idan fakitin tsayin ba shi da kyau. Tambarin guntu huɗu na tsawon fakiti mara kyau ya cika buƙatun samun aƙalla juzu'in musanyawa biyu.
Tebur 7. Tsawon Wasikar

	Tsawon Postamble (kwakwalwa)
	min	max	Aiwatarwa		guntu jerin
Yanayin S	2	8	8		1010101
Yanayin T	2	8	4	(m)	101
			8	(ko da)	1010101
Yanayin R	2	8	8		1010101

Fakiti Handler

Ana iya amfani da mai sarrafa fakiti akan Si443x a cikin yanayin faɗin fakiti mai canzawa ko ƙayyadadden yanayin faɗin fakiti. Yanayin faɗin fakiti mai canzawa yana buƙatar tsayin fakiti bayan kalmar aiki tare da baiti na zaɓi na zaɓi. Bayan liyafar, Rediyon zai yi amfani da tsawon byte don tantance ƙarshen fakitin aiki. A kan watsawa, rediyon zai saka filin tsayi bayan baiti na kai.
Ba za a iya amfani da filin L don ka'idar M-bus mara waya ba don tsawon filin Si443x. Na farko, filin L ba shine ainihin tsawon fakiti ba. Yana da adadin mahaɗin Layer bytes biya ba tare da haɗa da CRC bytes ko ɓoyewa ba. Na biyu, L-filin da kansa an rufa masa asiri ta amfani da ko dai Manchester codeing ko uku daga cikin shida codeing don Yanayin T mita zuwa wani.
Aiki yana amfani da mai sarrafa fakiti a ƙayyadadden yanayin faɗin fakiti don duka watsawa da liyafar. Bayan watsawa, Layer PHY zai karanta filin L a cikin ma'ajin watsawa kuma ya lissafta adadin rufaffiyar bytes, gami da wasiƙar. An rubuta jimillar adadin rufaffiyar bytes da za a watsa zuwa rijistar Tsawon Fakiti (0x3E).
Bayan liyafar, ana yin ɓoyayyiyar ɓoyayyun bytes guda biyu na farko, kuma an rubuta filin L zuwa ga mai karɓa. Ana amfani da filin L don lissafin adadin rufaffiyar bytes da za a karɓa. Ana rubuta adadin rufaffen bytes da za a karɓa zuwa rajistar Tsawon Tsawon Fakiti (0x3E). An yi watsi da akwatin gidan waya.
Dole ne MCU ya warware filin L, ya ƙididdige adadin rufaffiyar bytes, kuma a rubuta ƙimar zuwa rijistar Tsawon Fakiti kafin a sami mafi ƙarancin yuwuwar fakiti. Mafi guntun filin L-filin halal don Layer PHY shine 9, yana ba da bytes 12 marasa lambar. Wannan yana ba da 18 rufaffiyar bytes don Model T. An riga an ƙaddamar da bytes biyu na farko. Don haka, fakitin Rijista Tsawon dole ne a sabunta shi cikin sau 16-byte a 100 kbps ko 1.28 milliseconds. Wannan ba matsala bane ga 8051 yana gudana a 20 MIPS.
Adadin bytes da za a karɓa bai haɗa da akwatin gidan waya ba, sai ga tambarin guntu huɗu da aka yi amfani da shi don fakitin Yanayin T tare da ƙarancin fakiti. Don haka, mai karɓar ba ya buƙatar akwatin waya, sai fakitin tsayin Model T. Ana buƙatar wannan tambarin gidan waya kawai don ba da lamba ta lamba na rufaffiyar bytes. An yi watsi da abubuwan da ke cikin gidan waya; don haka, idan ba a aika da wasiƙar ba, za a karɓi guntu huɗu na amo kuma a yi watsi da su. Tunda jimlar adadin rufaffiyar bytes yana iyakance zuwa 255 (0xFF), aiwatarwa yana iyakance iyakar L-filin don halaye daban-daban.
Tebur 8. Iyakar Girman Fakiti

	shigar		yanke hukunci		M-Bas
	bytes		bytes		L-Filin
	dec	hex	dec	hex	dec	hex
Yanayin S	255	FF	127	7 F	110	6E
Yanayin T (mita-sauran)	255	FF	169	A9	148	94
Yanayin R	255	FF	127	7 F	110	6E

Waɗannan iyakokin galibi suna da kyau sama da yanayin amfani na yau da kullun don mita mara waya. Ya kamata a kiyaye tsawon fakitin kaɗan don samun mafi kyawun rayuwar baturi.
Bugu da kari, mai amfani zai iya tantance iyakar L-filin da yakamata a karɓa (USER_RX_MAX_L_FIELD). Wannan yana ƙayyade girman da ake buƙata don buffer karɓa (USER_RX_BUFFER_SIZE).
Goyan bayan iyakar L-filin 255 na buƙatar samun buffer na 290 bytes da matsakaicin 581 Manchester rufaffiyar bytes. Mai sarrafa fakitin zai buƙaci a kashe shi kuma ba za a iya amfani da rajistar Tsawon Fakiti a wannan yanayin ba. Wannan abu ne mai yuwuwa, amma ya fi dacewa don amfani da mai sarrafa fakiti, idan zai yiwu.

Amfanin FIFO

Si4431 yana ba da 64 byte FIFO don watsawa da karɓa. Tunda adadin rufaffiyar bytes 255 ne, gabaɗayan fakitin da aka rufaffen ƙila ba zai dace ba a cikin buffer 64-byte.
Watsawa
A kan watsawa, ana ƙididdige jimlar adadin rufaffiyar bytes. Idan jimillar adadin rufaffiyar bytes, gami da gidan wasiƙa, bai wuce 64 bytes ba, ana rubuta fakiti duka zuwa FIFO kuma fakitin da aka aika kawai yana kunna. Yawancin gajerun fakiti za a aika a cikin FIFO guda ɗaya.
Idan adadin rufaffiyar bytes ya fi 64, za a buƙaci canja wurin FIFO da yawa don aika fakitin. An rubuta bytes 64 na farko zuwa FIFO. Fakitin da aka aiko da TX FIFO Kusan babu komai an kunna. An saita iyakar TX FIFO Kusan Babu komai zuwa 16 bytes (25%). A kan kowane taron IRQ, ana karanta rijistar matsayi 2. Za a fara fara duba ɗan fakitin da aka aika, kuma, idan ba a aika fakitin gaba ɗaya ba, ana rubuta bayanan 48 na gaba na bayanan da aka rubuta zuwa FIFO. Wannan yana ci gaba har sai an rubuta duk rufaffiyar bytes kuma katsewar Fakitin da aka Aika ya auku.
1. liyafar
A liyafar, da farko, katsewar Sync Word kawai ake kunna. Bayan karɓar kalmar daidaitawa, an kashe katse kalmar daidaitawa kuma an kunna FIFO Kusan Cikakken katsewa. FIFO kusan cikakken ƙofa an saita shi zuwa 2 bytes. Ana amfani da FIFO Kusan Cikakken Katsewa na farko don sanin lokacin da aka karɓi tsayin bytes biyu. Da zarar an karɓi tsayin, ana yanke tsayin kuma ana ƙididdige adadin rufaffiyar bytes. RX FIFO kusan Cikakken ƙofa ana saita shi zuwa bytes 48. RX FIFO ya kusan cika kuma an kunna Ingantattun fakitin katsewa. A taron IRQ na gaba, ana karanta rijistar matsayi 1. Da farko, ana duba ɗan fakitin Inganci, sannan a duba FIFO Kusan Cikakken bit. Idan kawai RX FIFO kusan Cikakken an saita, ana karanta bytes 48 na gaba daga FIFO. Idan an saita ɗan fakiti mai inganci, ana karanta ragowar fakitin daga FIFO. MCU tana lura da yawan bytes da aka karanta kuma ta daina karantawa bayan byte na ƙarshe.

Maɓallin Haɗin Bayani

Modulin layin haɗin bayanan yana aiwatar da 13757-4: 2005 madaidaicin layin haɗin yanar gizo. Layin hanyar haɗin bayanan (LINK) yana ba da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Layer na zahiri (PHY) da Layer aikace-aikace (AL).
Layer Data Link Layer yana aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa:

Yana ba da ayyuka masu canja wurin bayanai tsakanin PHY da AL
Yana haifar da CRCs don saƙonni masu fita
Yana gano kurakuran CRC a cikin saƙonni masu shigowa
Yana ba da jawabi ta jiki
Ya yarda da canja wurin don hanyoyin sadarwa biyu
Frames data bits
Yana gano kurakuran ƙira a cikin saƙonni masu shigowa

Tsarin Haɗin Layer Frame

Tsarin firam ɗin M-Bus mara waya da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin EN 13757-4:2005 an samo shi daga tsarin firam ɗin FT3 (Frame Type 3) daga IEC60870-5-2. Firam ɗin ya ƙunshi guda ɗaya ko fiye na bayanai. Kowane katanga ya ƙunshi filin CRC 16-bit. Bock na farko shine kayyadadden tsayin tsayin bytes 12 wanda ya haɗa da filin L, filin C, filin M, da A-Field.

L-Filin
Filin L shine tsayin nauyin nauyin bayanan Layer Layer. Wannan baya haɗa da filin L da kanta ko ɗaya daga cikin bytes na CRC. Ya haɗa da filin L, C-filin, M-filin, da A-Field. Waɗannan wani ɓangare ne na kayan aikin PHY.
Saboda adadin rufaffiyar bytes yana iyakance ga bytes 255, matsakaicin ƙimar tallafi don filin M shine 110 bytes don bayanan da aka ɓoye na Manchester da kuma 148 bytes don yanayin T Uku-daga-shida da aka ɓoye.
Layin Haɗin yana da alhakin ƙididdige filin L akan watsawa. Mai haɗin haɗin gwiwa zai yi amfani da filin L akan liyafar.
Lura filin L baya nuna tsayin lodin PHY ko adadin rufaffiyar bytes. Bayan watsawa, PHY zai ƙididdige tsawon lokacin biya na PHY da adadin rufaffiyar bytes. Bayan liyafar, PHY zai ƙaddamar da filin L kuma ya ƙididdige adadin bytes don yanke lambar.
C-Filin
Filin C shine filin sarrafa firam. Wannan filin yana gano nau'in firam ɗin kuma ana amfani dashi don hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na sabis na musanyar bayanai. Filin C yana nuna nau'in firam - Aika, TABBATAR, BUKATA, ko AMSA. Game da firam ɗin Aika da buƙatun, filin C na nuna ko ana tsammanin TABBATARWA ko AMSA.
Lokacin amfani da ainihin aikin Link TX, kowace ƙimar C za a iya amfani da ita. Lokacin amfani da Primitives Sabis na Haɗin kai, filin C yana cika ta atomatik bisa ga EN 13757-4: 2005.
M-Filin
Filin M shine lambar ƙera. Masu kera za su iya neman lambar haruffa uku daga masu biyowa web adireshin: http://www.dlms.com/flag/INDEX.HTM Kowane hali na lambar haruffa uku an lulluɓe shi azaman rago biyar. Ana iya samun lambar 5-bit ta hanyar ɗaukar lambar ASCII kuma a cire 0x40 ("A"). Lambobin 5-bit guda uku an haɗa su don yin 15-bits. Mafi mahimmancin bit shine sifili.
A-Filin
Filin adireshin adireshi ne na musamman na 6-byte ga kowace na'ura. Adireshin na musamman yakamata a sanya shi ta masana'anta. Yana da alhakin kowane masana'anta don tabbatar da cewa kowace na'ura tana da adireshin 6-byte na musamman. Adireshin firam ɗin Aika da nema shine adireshin kai na mita ko wata na'ura. Ana aika firam ɗin bayanan tabbatarwa da martani ta amfani da adireshin tushen na'urar.
CI-Filin
Filin CI shine taken aikace-aikacen kuma yana ƙayyadaddun nau'in bayanai a cikin nauyin bayanan aikace-aikacen. Yayin da EN13757-4: 2005 ke ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙima, Madaidaicin Sabis na Haɗin zai ba da izinin amfani da kowane ƙima.
CRC
An ƙayyade CRC a cikin EN13757-4: 2005.
CRC Polynomial shine:
X16 + x13 + x12 + x11 + x10 + x8 + x6 + x5 + x2 + 1
Lura cewa M-Bus CRC ana ƙididdige shi akan kowane toshe 16-byte. Sakamakon shi ne cewa kowane bytes 16 na bayanai yana buƙatar 18 bytes don watsawa,

Ƙarin Bayani

Don ƙarin bayani game da Aiwatar da Haɗin Layer, duba "AN452: Jagorar Shirye-shiryen Taro na M-Bus mara waya".

Gudanar da Wuta

Hoto na 2 yana nuna lokacin sarrafa wutar lantarki don mitociampYi amfani da Mode T1.

Ya kamata MCU ta kasance cikin Yanayin Barci a duk lokacin da zai yiwu don adana kuzari. A cikin wannan exampHar ila yau, MCU yana barci lokacin da RTC ke gudana, lokacin jira a kan farawar rediyo, da kuma lokacin watsawa daga FIFO. MCU za ta farka daga siginar EZRadioPRO IRQ da aka haɗa zuwa farkawa ta Match.
Lokacin aika saƙonni fiye da toshe ɗaya, dole ne MCU ta farka don cike FIFO (dangane da FIFO kusan katsewar komai) sannan ya koma barci.
Ya kamata MCU ta kasance cikin yanayin Ragewa yana gudana daga ƙaramin oscillator ko fashe-yanayin oscillator lokacin karantawa daga ADC. ADC na buƙatar agogon SAR.
Lokacin da ba'a amfani da shi, EZRadioPRO yakamata ya kasance a cikin Yanayin Kashewa tare da babban finin SDN. Wannan yana buƙatar haɗin haɗi zuwa MCU. Ba a adana rajistar EZ Radio Pro a yanayin rufewa; don haka, an fara EZRadioPro akan kowane tazara na RTC. Fara Rediyo yana ɗaukar ƙasa da 100 µs kuma yana adana 400 nA. Wannan yana haifar da tanadin makamashi na 10 µJ, bisa tazara na daƙiƙa 10.
Kiristancin EZRadioPRO yana ɗaukar kusan ms 16 don POR. Wannan ya isa ya ƙididdige CRC na kusan tubalan takwas. MCU zai koma barci idan ya kammala duk CRCs kafin crystal ya daidaita. Idan ana buƙatar ɓoyewa, shima ana iya farawa yayin jira akan oscillator.
Ya kamata MCU ta yi aiki a 20 MHz ta amfani da ƙaramin oscillator don yawancin ayyuka. Ayyukan da ke buƙatar ƙayyadadden lokaci dole ne su yi amfani da madaidaicin oscillator da yanayin zaman banza maimakon yanayin barci. RTC yana ba da isasshen ƙuduri don yawancin ayyuka. Tsarin tafiyar da wutar lantarki na T2 mita exampAna nuna aikace-aikacen a cikin Hoto na 3.

Ya kamata a inganta aiwatar da transceiver don yanayin al'ada lokacin da mitar ta tashi kuma babu mai karatu a wurin. Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin lokacin ACK yana da isasshen tsayi don yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da C8051F930 RTC kuma sanya MCU cikin yanayin bacci.
Ana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan ginawa don manyan bayanai ko masu karatu masu ƙarfin USB waɗanda basa buƙatar amfani da yanayin bacci. Za a yi amfani da yanayin mara amfani maimakon barci domin USB da UART su katse MCU.

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Silicon Laboratories Inc.®, Silicon Laboratories®, Silicon Labs®, SiLabs®, da Silicon Labs logo®, Bluegiga®, Bluegiga Logo®, Clockbuilder®, CMEMS®, DSPLL®, EFM®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember® , Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo da haɗe-haɗe da shi, "mafi yawan makamashi abokantaka microcontrollers", Ember®, EZLink®, EZRadio®, EZRadioPRO®, Gecko®, ISOmodem®, Precision32®, ProSLIC®, Sauƙi Studio®, SiPHY® , Telegesis, Telegesis Logo®, USBXpress®, da sauransu alamun kasuwanci ne ko alamun kasuwanci masu rijista na Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3, da manyan yatsa alamun kasuwanci ne ko alamun kasuwanci masu rijista na ARM Holdings. Keil alamar kasuwanci ce mai rijista ta ARM Limited. Duk wasu samfura ko sunayen alamar da aka ambata a ciki alamun kasuwanci ne na masu riƙe su.

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Takardu / Albarkatu

SILICON LABS Mara waya ta M-BUS Software Aiwatar da AN451 [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani
SILICON LABS, C8051, MCU, da, EZRadioPRO, M-bas mara waya, Mara waya, M-BUS, Software, Aiwatarwa, AN451

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