Microsemi SmartDesign MSS Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa (eNVM)
Gabatarwa
Mai daidaitawa na MSS Embedded Nonvolatile Memory (eNVM) yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar yankuna (abokan ciniki) da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar tsarawa a cikin na'urar eNVM na SmartFusion.
A cikin wannan takarda mun bayyana dalla-dalla yadda ake saita toshe (s) eNVM. Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da eNVM, da fatan za a koma zuwa Actel SmartFusion Microcontroller Subsystem User's Guide.
Muhimmiyar Bayani Game da Shafukan Masu Amfani na eNVM
Mai saita MSS yana amfani da takamaiman adadin shafukan eNVM mai amfani don adana tsarin MSS. Waɗannan shafuka suna saman saman sararin adireshin eNVM. Adadin shafukan yana canzawa dangane da tsarin MSS ɗin ku (ACE, GPIOs da eNVM Init Clients). Lambar aikace-aikacenku bai kamata ta rubuta a cikin waɗannan shafukan masu amfani ba saboda zai iya haifar da gazawar lokacin aiki don ƙirar ku. Lura kuma cewa idan waɗannan shafuka sun lalace bisa kuskure, ɓangaren ba zai sake yin boot ba kuma yana buƙatar sake tsarawa.
Ana iya lissafta adireshin 'ajiye' na farko kamar haka. Bayan an sami nasarar ƙirƙira MSS ɗin, buɗe eNVM mai daidaitawa kuma yi rikodin adadin shafukan da aka nuna a cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Amfani akan babban shafi. An bayyana adireshin farko da aka tanada da:
first_reserved_address = 0x60000000 + (akwai_shafukan * 128)
Ƙirƙirar da Haɓaka Abokan ciniki
Ƙirƙirar Abokan ciniki
Babban shafi na eNVM mai daidaitawa yana ba ku damar ƙara abokan ciniki daban-daban zuwa toshewar eNVM ku. Akwai nau'ikan abokin ciniki guda 2 akwai:
- Abokin ciniki na Adana bayanai - Yi amfani da abokin ciniki na ajiyar bayanai don ayyana yanki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin toshewar eNVM. Ana iya amfani da wannan yanki don riƙe lambar aikace-aikacenku ko duk wani abun ciki na bayanan da aikace-aikacenku na iya buƙata.
- Abokin farawa - Yi amfani da abokin ciniki na farko don ayyana yankin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke buƙatar kwafi a lokacin boot ɗin tsarin a ƙayyadadden adireshin Cortex-M3.
Babban grid kuma yana nuna halayen kowane abokin ciniki da aka saita. Waɗannan halayen su ne:
- Nau'in Abokin ciniki - Nau'in abokin ciniki wanda aka ƙara zuwa tsarin
- Sunan Abokin ciniki - Sunan abokin ciniki. Dole ne ya zama na musamman a cikin tsarin.
- Adireshin farawa - Adireshin a hex wanda abokin ciniki yake a cikin eNVM. Dole ne ya kasance a kan iyakar shafi. Ba a yarda da adireshi masu haɗaka tsakanin abokan ciniki daban-daban.
- Girman Kalma - Girman kalma na abokin ciniki a cikin rago
- Shafin Farko - Shafin da adireshin farawa zai fara.
- Ƙarshen Shafi - Shafi wanda yankin ƙwaƙwalwar abokin ciniki ya ƙare. Ana lissafta ta ta atomatik bisa ga adireshin farawa, girman kalma, da adadin kalmomin abokin ciniki.
- Umarnin farawa - Mai tsara eNVM na SmartFusion ba ya amfani da wannan filin.
- Kulle Adireshin farawa - Ƙayyade wannan zaɓin idan ba kwa son mai daidaitawar eNVM don canza adireshin farawa lokacin buga maɓallin "Inganta".
An kuma bayar da rahoton kididdigar amfani:
- Shafukan da ake da su - Jimlar adadin shafukan da akwai don ƙirƙirar abokan ciniki. Adadin da ke akwai ya bambanta dangane da yadda aka daidaita MSS gabaɗaya. Misali, saitin ACE yana ɗaukar shafukan mai amfani inda aka tsara bayanan farawar ACE a cikin eNVM.
- Shafukan da aka yi amfani da su - Jimlar adadin shafukan da aka saita abokan ciniki ke amfani da su.
- Shafukan Kyauta - Jimlar adadin shafuka har yanzu akwai don daidaita ma'ajiyar bayanai da abokan ciniki na farko.
Yi amfani da Haɓaka fasalin don warware rikice-rikice akan adiresoshin tushe masu ruɓani ga abokan ciniki. Wannan aikin ba zai canza adireshin tushe na kowane abokin ciniki da aka duba Adireshin Fara Kulle ba (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 1-1).
Saita Abokin Ajiye Bayanai
A cikin maganganun Kanfigareshan Abokin ciniki kuna buƙatar saka ƙimar da aka jera a ƙasa.
eNVM Bayanin Abubuwan ciki
- Abun ciki - Ƙayyade abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuke son tsarawa cikin eNVM. Kuna iya zaɓar ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka biyu masu zuwa:
- Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya File – Kuna buƙatar zaɓar a file akan faifan diski wanda yayi daidai da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar file Formats - Intel-Hex, Motorola-S, Actel-S ko Actel-Binary. Duba "Memory File Formats” a shafi na 9 don ƙarin bayani.
- Babu abun ciki - Abokin ciniki shine mai riƙe da wuri. Za ku kasance samuwa don loda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file ta amfani da FlashPro/FlashPoint a lokacin shirye-shirye ba tare da komawa zuwa wannan mai daidaitawa ba.
- Yi amfani da cikakken adireshi - Bari abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file bayyana inda aka sanya abokin ciniki a cikin toshe eNVM. Adireshin da ke cikin abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file don abokin ciniki ya zama cikakke ga duk toshe eNVM. Da zarar ka zaɓi cikakken zaɓin yin magana, software ɗin tana fitar da mafi ƙanƙanta adireshin daga abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file kuma yana amfani da wannan adireshin azaman adireshin farawa ga abokin ciniki.
- Adireshin farawa - Adireshin eNVM inda aka tsara abun ciki.
- Girman Kalma - Girman kalma, a cikin rago, na abokin ciniki na farko; na iya zama ko dai 8, 16 ko 32.
- Yawan kalmomi - Yawan kalmomin abokin ciniki.
JTAG Kariya
Yana hana karantawa da rubuta abun cikin eNVM daga JTAG tashar jiragen ruwa. Wannan sigar tsaro ce don lambar aikace-aikacen (Hoto 1-2).
Ƙaddamar da Abokin Ƙaddamarwa
Don wannan abokin ciniki, abun ciki na eNVM da JTAG Bayanin kariya iri ɗaya ne da wanda aka kwatanta a cikin “Configuring a Data Storage Client” a shafi na 6.
Bayanin Zuwa
- Adireshin manufa - Adireshin ɓangaren ajiyar ku dangane da taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar tsarin Cortex-M3. An hana wasu yankuna na taswirar žwažwalwar ajiyar tsarin don wannan abokin ciniki saboda suna ƙunshe da shingen tsarin. Kayan aiki yana sanar da ku yankunan doka don abokin cinikin ku.
- Girman ciniki - Girman (8, 16 ko 32) na APB yana canja wurin lokacin da aka kwafin bayanai daga yankin ƙwaƙwalwar eNVM zuwa wurin da aka yi niyya ta hanyar lambar boot na tsarin Actel.
- Adadin rubuce-rubuce - Adadin canja wurin APB lokacin da aka kwafi bayanai daga yankin ƙwaƙwalwar eNVM zuwa wurin da aka yi niyya ta hanyar lambar boot na tsarin Actel. Ana lissafta wannan filin ta atomatik ta kayan aiki bisa ga bayanan abun ciki na eNVM (girma da adadin kalmomi) da girman ma'amala (kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto 1-3).
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya File Tsarin tsari
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai zuwa file ana samun tsari azaman shigarwa files cikin eNVM Configurator:
- Intel-HEX
- MOTOROLA S- rikodin
- Actel BINARY
- ACTEL-HEX
Intel-HEX
Matsayin masana'antu file. Abubuwan haɓakawa sune HEX da IHX. Domin misaliample, file2. hex ko file3.ihx.
Daidaitaccen tsari wanda Intel ya ƙirƙira. Ana adana abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a ASCII files ta amfani da haruffa hexadecimal. Kowanne file ya ƙunshi jerin bayanai (layukan rubutu) waɗanda aka iyakance ta sabon layi, '\n', haruffa kuma kowane rikodin yana farawa da harafin':'. Don ƙarin bayani game da wannan tsari, koma zuwa Intel-Hex Record Format Specification daftarin aiki da ke kan web (bincika Intel Hexadecimal Object File ga da yawa examples) ba.
Rikodin Hex na Intel ya ƙunshi filayen guda biyar kuma an tsara shi kamar haka:
:llaaatt[dd…]cc
Inda:
- : shine lambar farawa na kowane rikodin Intel Hex
- ll shine ƙidaya byte na filin bayanai
- aaa shine adireshin 16-bit na farkon wurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don bayanan. Adireshin babban yanki ne.
- tt shine nau'in rikodin, yana bayyana filin bayanai:
- 00 bayanai
- 01 karshen file rikodin
- 02 tsawo rikodin adireshin yanki
- 03 fara rikodin adireshi na yanki (wanda aka yi watsi da shi ta kayan aikin Actel)
- 04 rikodin adireshi mikakke
- 05 fara rikodin adireshi na layi (wanda aka yi watsi da shi ta kayan aikin Actel)
- [dd…] jeri ne na n bytes na bayanan; n yayi daidai da abin da aka kayyade a cikin filin ll
- cc shine kirga, adireshi, da bayanai
Exampda Intel Hex Record:
:10000000112233445566778899FFFA
Inda 11 shine LSB kuma FF shine MSB.
MOTOROLA S- rikodin
Matsayin masana'antu file. File tsawo shine S, kamar file4.s
Wannan tsarin yana amfani da ASCII files, haruffa hex, da rikodin don tantance abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kamar yadda Intel-Hex ke yi. Koma zuwa ga daftarin bayanin Motorola S-record don ƙarin bayani kan wannan tsari (bincika kwatancin Motorola S-record na tsoffin tsofaffiamples). Mai sarrafa abun ciki na RAM yana amfani da nau'ikan rikodin S1 ta hanyar S3 kawai; sauran an yi watsi da su.
Babban bambanci tsakanin Intel-Hex da Motorola S-record shine tsarin rikodin, da wasu ƙarin fasalolin duba kuskure waɗanda aka haɗa cikin Motorola S.
A cikin nau'i biyu, an ƙayyade abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar samar da adireshin farawa da saitin bayanai. Ana loda manyan abubuwan saitin bayanan a cikin adireshin farawa sannan ragowar abubuwan da suka rage sun mamaye adiresoshin da ke kusa har sai an yi amfani da duk saitin bayanan.
Rikodin Motorola S-record ya ƙunshi filayen guda 6 kuma an tsara shi kamar haka:
Stllaaa[dd…]cc
Inda:
- S shine lambar farawa na kowane Motorola S-record
- t shine nau'in rikodin, yana bayyana filin bayanai
- ll shine ƙidaya byte na filin bayanai
- aaa adireshin 16-bit ne na farkon wurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don bayanan. Adireshin babban yanki ne.
- [dd…] jeri ne na n bytes na bayanan; n yayi daidai da abin da aka kayyade a cikin filin ll
- cc shine kirga, adireshi, da bayanai
Exampda Motorola S-Record:
S10a0000112233445566778899FFFA
Inda 11 shine LSB kuma FF shine MSB.
Actel binary
Mafi sauƙin tsarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Kowane ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file ya ƙunshi layuka da yawa kamar yadda akwai kalmomi. Kowace jere kalma ɗaya ce, inda adadin lambobi na binary yayi daidai da girman kalmar a cikin rago. Wannan tsarin yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi. Girman kalmar da adadin layuka dole ne su dace daidai. The file tsawo shine MEM; domin misaliample, file1.mem.
Example: Zurfin 6, Nisa shine 8
01010011
11111111
01010101
11100010
10101010
11110000
Actel HEX
Tsarin adireshi mai sauƙi/tsarin bayanai. An ƙayyade duk adiresoshin da ke da abun ciki. Adireshin da ba a ƙayyade abun ciki ba za a fara farawa zuwa sifilai. The file tsawo shine AHX, kamar filex.ahx. Tsarin shine:
Saukewa: D0D1D2
Inda AA shine wurin adireshin a hex. D0 shine MSB kuma D2 shine LSB.
Girman bayanai dole ne ya dace da girman kalmar. Example: Zurfin 6, Nisa shine 8
00: da f
01: AB ku
02: CD
03: EF
04:12
05: BB
Duk sauran adiresoshin za su zama sifili.
Fassarar Abubuwan Ƙwaƙwalwa
Cikakken vs. Magana na Dangi
A cikin Magana mai dangantaka, adiresoshin da ke cikin abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file bai ƙayyade inda aka sanya abokin ciniki a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba. Kuna ƙayyade wurin abokin ciniki ta shigar da adireshin farawa. Wannan ya zama adireshin 0 daga abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file hangen zaman gaba kuma abokin ciniki yana yawan jama'a daidai.
Don misaliample, idan muka sanya abokin ciniki a 0x80 da abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file shine kamar haka:
Adireshin: 0x0000 bayanai: 0102030405060708
Address: 0x0008 data: 090A0B0C0D0E0F10
Sannan saitin farko na bytes na wannan bayanan an rubuta shi don magance 0x80 + 0000 a cikin toshe eNVM. An rubuta saitin bytes na biyu don magance 0x80 + 0008 = 0x88, da sauransu.
Don haka adiresoshin a cikin abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file suna dangi da abokin ciniki kanta. Inda aka sanya abokin ciniki a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya shine na biyu.
Don cikakkiyar magana, abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file yana bayyana inda aka sanya abokin ciniki a cikin toshe eNVM. Don haka adireshin da ke cikin abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file don abokin ciniki ya zama cikakke ga duk toshe eNVM. Da zarar kun kunna cikakken zaɓin yin magana, software ɗin tana fitar da mafi ƙanƙanta adireshin daga abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya file kuma yana amfani da wannan adireshin azaman adireshin farawa ga abokin ciniki.
Fassarar Bayanai Example
Mai zuwa exampmu kwatanta yadda ake fassara bayanan zuwa girman kalmomi daban-daban:
Don bayanan da aka bayar: FF 11 EE 22 DD 33 CC 44 BB 55 (inda 55 shine MSB kuma FF shine LSB)
Don girman kalma 32-bit:
0x22EE11FF (adireshi 0)
0x44CC33DD (adireshi 1)
0x000055BB (adireshi 2)
Don girman kalma 16-bit:
0x11FF (adireshi 0)
0x22EE (adireshi 1)
0x33DD (adireshi 2)
0x44CC (adireshi 3)
0x55BB (adireshi 4)
Don girman kalma 8-bit:
0xFF (adireshi 0)
0x11 (adireshi 1)
0xEE (adireshi 2)
0x22 (adireshi 3)
0xDD (adireshi 4)
0x33 (adireshi 5)
0xCC (adireshi 6)
0x44 (adireshi 7)
0xBB (adireshi 8)
0x55 (adireshi 9)
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Microsemi SmartDesign MSS Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa (eNVM) [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani SmartDesign MSS Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa eNVM, SmartDesign MSS, Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar eNVM, Ƙwaƙwalwar eNVM |
