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SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter – Libero
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DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero

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1.2 Revisione 6.0
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  • Aghjurnatu u documentu per a liberazione di u software Libero v11.3.
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1.7 Revisione 1.0
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SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA – Adaptive FIR Filter Demo

2.1 Introduzione
The SmartFusion® 2 SoC FPGA devices integrate a fourth generation flash-based FPGA fabric and an ARM Cortex-M3 processor. The SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA fabric includes embedded mathblocks, which are optimized specifically for digital signal processing (DSP) applications such as, finite impulse response (FIR) filters, infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, and fast fourier transform (FFT) functions.
Adaptive filter automatically adjusts the filter coefficients according to the underlying adaptive algorithm and the input signal characteristics. Due to its self adjustment of transfer function of an unknown system and computational requirements, adaptive filters are widely used in different areas of DSP application such as communication, biomedical instrumentation, audio processing, and video processing.
The least mean square (LMS) is a basic adaptive algorithm used in adaptive filters to update the filter coefficients. The LMS algorithm has advantages over other algorithms because of its simplicity, less computations, and best performance in terms of the number of iterations required for convergence.
In this demo, an Adaptive FIR filter application, the suppression of a narrow band signal interference on a wide band signal is implemented using an SmartFusion2 device. Refer to Figure 1, page 2.
The LMS algorithm is implemented in the FPGA fabric to adjust the filter weights/coefficients based on mean square error (MSE) approach. CoreFIR IP is used to perform the filtering operation and CoreFFT IP is used to generate the output spectrum to observe that the narrow band interfering signal component is suppressed. The host interface is implemented in microcontroller subsystem (MSS) to communicate with the Host PC. A user friendly SF2_Adaptive_FIR_Filter.exe generates input signals (narrow band signal and wide band signal), and also plots the input or output waveforms and the required spectrum.

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero -

2.2 Teoria di u funziunamentu
Adaptive filters are mainly categorized into four basic architectures:

  • Identificazione di u sistema
  • Cancellazione di u rumore
  • Linear prediction
  • Inverse modeling

In this demo, linear prediction architecture is used to implement adaptive filter. The LMS algorithm uses a gradient search technique to determine the filter coefficients that minimize the mean square prediction error. The estimate of the gradient is based on the sample values of the tap-input vector and the error signal. The algorithm iterates over each coefficient in the filter, moving it in the direction of the approximated gradient. After reaching the optimal filter coefficients, the error signal e(n) consists of the wideband signal. The following figure shows the linear prediction based adaptive filter architecture.

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Adaptive Filter Architecture

The input signal x(n) consists of a desired wideband signal corrupted by narrow band signals that are not required, refer to Figure 3, page 4. In a linear prediction architecture, the desired signal d(n) is same as the input signal x(n) and delayed input x(n-△) is fed to the adaptive filter as shown in Figure 2, page 3.
The delay factor △ (delta) de-correlates the wideband component and correlates the narrow band component of the desired signal d(n) with the delayed input signal x(n-△).
The adaptive filter tries to estimate the narrow band component y(n), and forms an equivalent transfer function, which is similar to that of narrow band filters centered at the frequencies of the narrow band components of the input signal. At the summing junction, the filtered input signal subtracted with delayed input signal produces an error signal. The error signal is used by the LMS algorithm to adjust the filter coefficients. After some iterations, the error signal converges to a wide band component.
The following equations describe computing the coefficients using LMS algorithm.

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - coefficients

induve,
According to the above equation, narrowband component y(n), is the adaptive filter output h(n) indicates the filter weights/coefficients x(n-△) is the input signal to adaptive filter
l is length of the filter (number of taps)
k is the index variable.
The error is computed using the following equation:

e(n)= d(n)- y(n)
induve,
e(n) is the error signal
d(n) is desired signal

The filter weights/coefficients are updated using the following equation:
h(n+1)=h(n)+µ*e(n)*x(n-△)
induve,
h(n+1) indicates the estimated filter weights
h(n) is present filter weights
µ is the step size factor

Figure 3 • Input Spectrum of Narrow Band Signal + Wide Band Signal

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Band Signal

Figure 4 • Output Spectrum of Wide Band Signal

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Wide Band Signal

2.3 Requisiti di Design

Table 1 • Requisiti di Design

Requisiti di Design Descrizzione
Requisiti Hardware
SmartFusion2 Starter Kit
•   FlashPro4 programmer
•   USB A to Mini-B cable
SF2-484-STARTER-KIT (M2S010-FGG484)
Kit di valutazione di sicurezza SmartFusion2
•   FlashPro4 programmer
•   USB A to Mini-B cable
Rev D or later (M2S090TS-FGG484)
Host PC o Laptop Windows 7, 64-bit Operating System
Requisiti di u Software
Libero®  System-on-Chip (SoC) v11.8 SP1
SoftConsole v 4.0
Software di prugrammazione FlashPro v11.8 SP1
Drivers di PC Host Drivers USB à UART
Framework Cliente Microsoft.NET Framework 4 per lanciare GUI demo

2.4 Demo Design
U disignu files are available for download from the following path in the Microsemi® websitu:

Disegnu files include:

  • Disegnu files
  • Prugrammazione files
  • GUI eseguibile
  • Leggimi file

The following figure shows the top-level structure of the SmartFusion2 Starter kit design files. Per più infurmazioni, fate riferimentu à u readme.txt file.

Figure 5 • SmartFusion2 Starter Kit Demo Design Files Struttura di primu livellu

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Level Structure

The following figure shows the top-level structure of the SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation kit design files. Per più infurmazioni, fate riferimentu à u readme.txt file.

Figure 6 • SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation Kit Demo Design Files Struttura di primu livellu

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Security Evaluation

2.4.1 Demo Design Description
Stu disignu demo usa i seguenti blocchi:

  • MSS block
  • Control logic (user RTL)
  • LMS_FIR_TOP (Smart Design)
  • TPSRAM (IPcore)
  • CoreFFT (IPcore)

Figure 7 • Adaptive FIR Filter Demo Block Diagram

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Block Diagram

2.4.1.1 MSS Block
The MSS block sends and receives the data between the Host PC (GUI interface) and FPGA fabric logic.
The MMUART interface is used to communicate with the Host PC. FIC_0 interface (advanced peripheral bus (APB) master) is used to communicate with the fabric user logic.
2.4.1.2 Lògica di cuntrollu
This is the user logic that is implemented in the fabric and consists of the following two finite-state machines (FSM)s:

  • Data Handling: Implements and controls operations like loading the filter input data to the corresponding input data buffer, reading of processed data, and FFT data values. An APB bus slave is implemented to communicate with the MSS APB master.
  • Filter Control: Controls the FIR filter and FFT operations. Loads the filtered data to the corresponding output buffer and moves the FFT output data to the corresponding output data buffer.

2.4.1.3 LMS_FIR_TOP
This is a SmartDesign block implemented in the fabric. It consists of the following blocks:

  • LMS_CONTROL_FSM: This FSM is implemented in the register-transfer level (RTL) to provide the control signals to the LMS_ALGO block.
  • LMS_ALGO: This LMS algorithm is implemented in the RTL to compute the error signal, correction factor, filter coefficients, and to send the filter coefficients to the Core FIR filter.
  • CoreFIR: CoreFIR IP is used in the re-loadable coefficient mode to configure its coefficients on the fly. CoreFIR IP configuration is as follows:
  • Tipu di filtru: Tariffa unica cumplettamente enumerata
  • No of taps: 16
  • Coefficients type: Reloadable
  • Coefficients bit width: 16 (signed)
  • Data bit width: 16 (signed)
  • Filter structure: Transposed with no symmetry

2.4.1.4 TPSRAM IP
TPSRAM IP uses the following configurations:

  • Input signal data buffer (depth: 1024, width: 16)
  • Output signal buffer (depth: 1024, width: 16)
  • Output signal FFT real data buffer (depth: 1024, width: 16)
  • Output signal FFT imaginary data buffer (depth: 1024, width: 16)

2.4.1.5 CoreFFT
CoreFFT IP is used to generate the frequency spectrum of the filtered data. CoreFFT IP configuration is as follows:

  • FFT Architecture: In u locu
  • FFT type: Forward
  • Scaling FFT: Conditional
  • Dimensione di Trasformazione FFT: 256
  • Larghezza: 16
    For detailed SmartDesign implementation and resource usage summary, refer to Appendix: SmartDesign Implementation, page 25.

2.5 Setting Up the Demo Design for SmartFusion2 Starter Kit
The following steps describe how to setup the hardware demo for SmartFusion2 Starter kit:

  1. Connect the jumpers on the SmartFusion2 Starter kit board as shown in the following table.
    Table 2 • SmartFusion2 Starter Kit Jumper Settings
    Jumper  Cunfigurazione Cumenti
    JP1 1-2 Close, 3-4 Open Enable power on the M2S-FG484 SOM (VCC3).
    JP2 1-2 Open, 3-4 Close Select appropriate JTAG è attivate l'alimentazione à u SmartFusion2 JTAG controller.
    JP3 1-3 Open, 2-4 Close Use the mini-USB port as the power source.
  2. Connect the FlashPro4 programmer to the P5 connector of the SmartFusion2 Starter kit board.
  3. Connect the Host PC USB port to the P1 Mini USB connector on the SmartFusion2 Starter kit board using the USB Mini-B cable.
    The following figure shows the board setup for running the Adaptive FIR filter demo on the SmartFusion2 Starter kit.
    Figure 8 • SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Starter Kit SetupMicrosemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Starter Kit Setup
  4. Ensure that the USB to universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) bridge drivers are automatically detected. This can be verified in the Device Manager of the Host PC.
    The following figure shows the USB Serial port.
    Figure 9 • USB to UART Bridge Drivers for SmartFusion2 Starter KitMicrosemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - SmartFusion2 Starter Kit
  5. Se i driver di u ponte USB à UART ùn sò micca stallati, scaricate è installate i driver da www.microsemi.com/soc/documents/CDM_2.08.24_WHQL_Certified.zip

2.5.1 Setting Up the Demo Design for SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation Kit
The following steps describe how to setup the hardware demo for Security Evaluation kit:

  1. Connect the jumpers on the SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation kit board as shown in the following table.
    Table 3 • Parametri di Jumper di SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation Kit
    Jumper Cunfigurazione  Cumenti
    J23 Jumper to select switch-side multiplexer (MUX) inputs of A or B to the lineside.
    Chiudi Pin 1-2 (Input A to the lineside) that is on board 125 MHz differential clock oscillator output will be routed to lineside.
    Apertu Pin 2-3 (Input B to the lineside) that is external clock required to source through SMA connectors to the lineside.
    J22 Jumper to select the output enables control for the lineside outputs.
    Chiudi Pin 1-2 (Lineside output enabled)
    Apertu Pin 2-3 (Lineside output disabled)
    J24 Apertu Jumper per furnisce u fornimentu VBUS à USB quandu si usa in u modu Host.
    J8 JTAG selection jumper to select between RVI header or FP4 header for application debug.
    Chiudi Pin 1-2 FP4 for SoftConsole/FlashPro
    Apertu Pin 2-3 RVI for Keil™ ULINK™/IAR J-Link®
    Apertu Pin 2-4 for Toggling JTAG_SEL signal remotely using GPIO capability of FT4232 chip.
    J3 Jumpers to select either SW2 input or signal ENABLE_FT4232 from FT4232H chip.
    1. Ensure that the power supply switch SW7 is OFF while making the jumper connections.
    2. Connect the Power supply to the J6 connector, switch on the power supply switch, SW7.
  2. Connect the FlashPro4 programmer to the J5 connector of the SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation kit board.
  3. Connect the Host PC USB port to the P1 Mini USB connector on the SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation kit board using the USB Mini-B cable.
    The following figure shows the board setup for running the DSP Adaptive FIR filter demo on the SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation kit.
    Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Evaluation Kit Setup
  4. Accende l'interruttore di alimentazione SW7.
  5. Ensure that the USB to UART bridge drivers are automatically detected. This can be verified in the
    Device Manager of the Host PC. The following figure shows the USB Serial port.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Security Evaluation Kit
  6. Se i driver di u ponte USB à UART ùn sò micca stallati, scaricate è installate i driver da www.microsemi.com/soc/documents/CDM_2.08.24_WHQL_Certified.zip.

2.6 Programming the Demo Design
The following steps describe how to program the demo design:
Download the demo design from the following links:

  1. Lanciate u software FlashPro.
  2. Cliccate New Project.
  3. In the New Project window, enter the project name as SF2_Adaptive_Filter.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - New Project
  4. Cliccate Sfoglia è navigate à u locu induve vulete salvà u prugettu.
  5. Selezziunà un dispusitivu cum'è u modu di prugrammazione.
  6. Cliccate OK per salvà u prugettu.

2.6.1 Configurazione di u Dispositivu
The following steps describe how to configure the device:

  1. Click Configure Device on the FlashPro GUI.
  2. Click Browse and navigate to the location where the Adaptive_FIR_top.stp file si trova è selezziunate u file. The default location of the programming file hè:
    • SmartFusion2 Starter Kit: <download_folder>\SF2_Starter_Adaptive_FIR_filter_Demo_DF\Programming files\Adaptive_FIR_top.stp
    • SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation Kit: <download_folder>\SF2_Eval_Adaptive_FIR_filter_Demo_DF\Programming files\Adaptive_FIR_top.stp
  3. Cliccate Open. A prugrammazione necessaria file hè sceltu è hè prontu à esse prugrammatu in u dispusitivu.
  4. Select Advanced as Mode and PROGRAM as Action.

2.6.2 Programming the Device

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - FlashPro Project Configuration

Click PROGRAM to start programming the device. Wait until programmer status is changed to RUN PASSED as shown in the following figure.

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - FlashPro Project RUN Passed

2.6.3 Adaptive FIR Filter Demo GUI
The Adaptive FIR filter demo is provided with a user-friendly GUI that runs on the Host PC and communicates with the SmartFusion2 Starter kit. The UART is used as the underlying communication protocol between the Host PC and SmartFusion2 Starter kit or SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation kit.
The following figure shows the Adaptive FIR filter demo GUI.

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Adaptive FIR Filter Demo GUI

The Adaptive FIR filter demo window consists of the following tabs:

  • Input Parameters: Configures the serial COM port, filter generation, and signal generation.
  • Filter Output: Plots error signal and its frequency spectrum
  • Testu Viewer: Shows the coefficients, input signal, output signal, and FFT data values

Click Help for more information on the GUI.

2.7 Esecuzione di u Design

  1. Launch the Adaptive FIR filter demo GUI, install and invoke the executable file furnitu cù u disignu files. The default location of the executable files sò:
    • SmartFusion2 Starter Kit: <download_folder>\SF2_Starter_Adaptive_FIR_filter_Demo_DF\GUI\SF2_Adaptive_FIR_Filter .exe
    • SmartFusion2 Security Evaluation Kit: <download_folder>\SF2_Eval_Adaptive_FIR_filter_Demo_DF\GUI\SF2_Adaptive_FIR_Filter.e xe
    The Adaptive FIR filter Demo window is displayed, refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Serial Port Configuration
  2. Serial Port Configuration: The COM port number is automatically detected and baud rate is fixed at 115200. Click Connect. Refer to the preceding figure.
  3. Signal Generation: Enter the narrowband signal frequency as 2 MHz (supported range is 1 MHz to 20 MHz) and click Generate. Refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Signal GenerationAdaptive FIR Filter Demo adds the wide band signal (generated inside the Adaptive FIR filter demo window) to the narrow band signal component and plots the combined signal (Narrowband and Wideband), FFT spectrum. Refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Signal Generation1
  4. Click Start to load the input data (1K samples) to the SmartFusion2 device for processing the filtering operation, refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Adaptive FIR Filter DemoAfter completing the filter operation, the GUI receives the error data and its FFT data from the SmartFusion2 device and plots as shown in the following figure.
    The error signal plot shows the suppression of narrowband component from the wideband signal only after the required number of iterations.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Time and Frequency PlotThe narrowband signal component is suppressed gradually in the Error signal frequency spectrum.
    This can be observed in the Error signal FFT plot as shown in the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Time and Frequency Plot2
  5. Click Compare to analyze the input wide band data with the output wide band data.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Compare Error SignalA window displaying the comparison between the input wide band and output wide band is displayed, refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Band and Output Wide BandThe plot can be zoomed in for comparison, refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Output Wide Band
  6. Compare the Error signal (Output wide band signal) with the input wide band signal, refer to the following figure. The narrow band interfering component is eliminated and the wide band signal is preserved in error signal.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Band and Output Wide Band1
  7. Click Close, refer to the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Band vs Output Wide Band
  8. You can copy, save, export, and customize page and configure print setup for the Error Signal plot.
    Right-click the Error Signal plot.
  9. From the context sensitive pop-up, select the required option.
    It shows the different options as shown in the following figure.
    The data can be copied, saved, and exported to CSV plot for analysis purpose.
    Page setup, print, show point values, Zoom, and set scale to default are other options for signal analysis.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Error Signal
  10. The input signal and error signal values can be viewed in the Text Viewer tab. Click the Text Viewer tab and then click the corresponding View mostra in a figura seguente.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Text ViewerThe following figure shows the Text Viewer tab showing the Input Signal values.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Input Signal Values
  11. To save the Input Signal as a text file, right-click the Input Signal window. The Input Signal window displays different options as shown in the following figure.
  12. Click Save. Select OK to save the text file.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Coefficients Save Options
  13. Click Exit to stop the demo, see the following figure.Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Exit Demo

2.8 Cunclusioni
This demo provides information about the features of the SmartFusion2 device including mathblocks and how to use Microsemi IPs (CoreFIR and CoreFFT) or narrow band interference cancellation application using adaptive filters. This Adaptive FIR filter based-demo is easy to use and provides several options to understand and implement digital signal processing (DSP) filters on the SmartFusion2 device.

Appendix: SmartDesign Implementation

Adaptive FIR filter SmartDesign is shown in the following figure.

Microsemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - Adaptive FIR Filter SmartDesignMicrosemi DG0441 SmartFusion2 SoC FPGA Adaptive FIR Filter Libero - MS_FIR_TOP Smart Design

The following table shows SmartDesign blocks in Adaptive FIR filter.

Table 4 • Adaptive FIR Filter Demo Smart Design Blocks and Description

S.No  Block Name Descrizzione
1 Adaptive_FIR FIR_FILTER_0 is a System Builder generated component, in which MMUART is configured to handle the communication between the host PC and fabric logic. To generate a System Builder component, refer to the SmartFusion2 System Builder User Guide.
2 DATAHANDLE_FSM Control logic to send/receive the data between MSS and data buffers
3 FILTERCONTROL_FSM Control logic to generate the control signals for FIR and FFT operations
4 LMS_FIR_TOP SmartDesign
5 INPUT_Buffer FIR input signal data buffer
OUTPUT_Buffer FIR output signal buffer
FFT_Im_Buffer FFT output imaginary data buffer
FFT_Re_Buffer FFT output real data buffer
6 OREFFT COREFFT

The following table shows SmartDesign blocks in LMS_FIR_TOP.
Table 5 • LMS_FIR_TOP Smart Design Blocks and Description

S.No  Block Name Descrizzione
1 LMS_ALGO LMS algorithm implemented in RTL to compute error, correction factor, and filter coefficients.
2 LMS_CONTROL_FSM FSM implemented in RTL to control LMS_ALGO block
3 COREFIR COREFIR IP

Appendix: Resource Usage Summary

The following table shows Adaptive FIR filter demo resource usage summary.
Device: SmartFusion2 device
Die: M2S010
Package: 484 FBGA

Table 6 • Adaptive FIR Filter Demo Resource Usage Summary

Tipu Adupratu  Totale  Per centutage
4LUT 2834 12084 23.45
DFF 2827 12084 23.39
RAM 64x18 0 22 0
RAM 1Kx18 11 21 52.38
MACC 13 22 59.09

The following table shows Adaptive FIR filter resource usage summary.
Device: SmartFusion2 device
Die: M2S090TS
Package: 484 FBGA

Table 7 • Adaptive FIR Filter Demo Resource Usage Summary

Tipu Adupratu  Totale  Per centutage
4LUT 2833 86184 3.29
DFF 2827 86184 3.28
RAM 64x18 0 112 0
RAM 1K18 11 109 10.09
MACC 13 84 15.48

The following table shows MACC blocks usage summary.

Table 8 • MACC Blocks Usage Summary

CoreFIR CoreFFT LMS_ALGO Totale
8 04 1 13

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