I-PCI-COM-1S EQINISEKISIWE Ihlinzeka Ngebanga Le-PCI Serial Interfaces
FAQ
Q: Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma impahla yami ye-ACCES ihluleka?
A: Xhumana ne-ACCES ukuze uthole isevisi esheshayo nokusekelwa. Bheka imigomo nemibandela yewaranti yokukhandwa noma izinketho zokushintsha.
Umbuzo: Ngingakwazi ukufaka ikhadi ngekhompyutha noma i-poweron yasendle?
IMP: Cha, hlala uqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ekhompyutha acishiwe ngaphambi kokuxhuma noma ukunqamula izintambo noma ukufaka amakhadi ukuze ugweme umonakalo nokuvala iziqinisekiso.
Qaphela
- Imininingwane ekulo mbhalo ihlinzekelwe ukuze isetshenziswe kuphela. I-ACCES ayicabangi noma isiphi isikweletu esivela ngenxa yesicelo noma ukusetshenziswa kolwazi noma imikhiqizo echazwe lapha. Lo mbhalo ungase uqukathe noma ubhekisele ulwazi kanye nemikhiqizo evikelwe amalungelo obunikazi noma amalungelo obunikazi futhi awudlulisi noma yiliphi ilayisense ngaphansi kwamalungelo obunikazi be-ACCES, noma amalungelo abanye.
- I-IBM PC, PC/XT, ne-PC/AT yizimpawu zokuthengisa ezibhalisiwe ze-International Business Machines Corporation.
- Iphrintiwe e-USA. Copyright 1995, 2005 by ACCES I/O Products Inc, 10623 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121. Wonke amalungelo agodliwe.
ISEXWAYISO!!
UHLALE UXHUMANA FUTHI UQHUMA IKHABHULA YAKHO YASENDAWENI NGAMANDLA WEKHOMPYUTHA EVALIWE. NJALO UVALE AMANDLA EKHOMPUTHA NGAPHAMBI KOKUFAKA IKHADI. UKUXHUMANA NOKUNXUKA AMAKHEBULUKO, NOMA UKUFAKA AMAKHADI OHLELO LWEKHOMPYUTHA NOMA AMANDLA ENSIMINI KUNGEKUBANGA UMONAKALO EKHADI LE-I/O FUTHI KUZOPHUMELA ZONKE IZIQINISEKISO, EZISHIWO NOMA EZISHIYELWE.
Iwaranti
Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, imishini ye-ACCES ihlolwa ngokucophelela futhi ihlolwe ngokwemininingwane esebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kwemishini kwenzeka, i-ACCES iqinisekisa amakhasimende ayo ukuthi isevisi esheshayo nokusekelwa kuzotholakala. Zonke izinto zokusebenza ezakhiwe yi-ACCES okutholwe ukuthi zinephutha zizokhandwa noma zishintshwe kuncike kulokhu okulandelayo.
Imibandela
Uma iyunithi isolwa ngokwehluleka, xhumana nomnyango Wesevisi Yamakhasimende we-ACCES. Zilungiselele ukunikeza inombolo yemodeli yeyunithi, inombolo ye-serial, kanye nencazelo yezimpawu zokwehluleka. Singase siphakamise ukuhlola okulula ukuze siqinisekise ukwehluleka. Sizonikeza inombolo ye-Return Material Authorization (RMA) okufanele ivele kulebula yangaphandle yephakheji yokubuyisela. Wonke amayunithi/izingxenye kufanele zipakishwe ngendlela efanele ukuze ziphathwe futhi zibuyiswe nempahla ekhokhelwe kusengaphambili Esikhungweni Sesevisi esiqokiwe se-ACCES, futhi izobuyiselwa endaweni yekhasimende/indawo yomsebenzisi ekhokhelwa kusengaphambili kanye ne-invoyisi.
Ukuhlanganisa
Iminyaka Emithathu Yokuqala: Iyunithi/ingxenye ebuyiselwe izolungiswa futhi/noma ithathelwe indawo ngokhetho lwe-ACCES ngaphandle kwenkokhiso yomsebenzi noma izingxenye ezingafakwanga ngaphandle kwewaranti. Iwaranti iqala ngokuthunyelwa kwemishini.
Iminyaka Elandelayo: Kuso sonke isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini yakho, i-ACCES ime ngomumo ukuhlinzeka ngensizakalo esizeni noma esitshalweni ngamanani afanelekile afana nawabanye abakhiqizi embonini.
Izisetshenziswa ezingakhiqiziwe yi-ACCES
Izisetshenziswa ezihlinzekiwe kodwa ezingakhiqiziwe yi-ACCES ziqinisekisiwe futhi zizokhandwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo nemibandela yewaranti yomkhiqizi wezisetshenziswa ezifanele.
Okujwayelekile
Ngaphansi kwalesi Siqiniseko, isikweletu se-ACCES sikhawulelwe ekushintsheni, ekulungiseni noma ekukhipheni isikweletu (ngokubona kwe-ACCES) sanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo okubonakale sengathi ayinasici ngesikhathi sewaranti. Akunjalo uma i-ACCES inesibopho sokulimala okulandelanayo noma okukhethekile okuvela ekusebenziseni noma ukusetshenziswa kabi komkhiqizo wethu. Ikhasimende linesibopho sazo zonke izinkokhiso ezibangelwa ukuguqulwa noma ukwengezwa kwempahla ye-ACCES engagunyazwanga ngokubhaliwe i-ACCES noma, uma ngokombono we-ACCES okokusebenza kusetshenziswe ngendlela engavamile. “Ukusetshenziswa okungavamile” ngokwezinjongo zalesi siqinisekiso kuchazwa njenganoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okuvezwe kukho ngaphandle kwalokho okushiwo noma okuhlosiwe njengoba kufakazelwa ngokuthengwa noma ukumelwa kokuthengisa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okungenhla, asikho esinye iwaranti, esiveziwe noma esishiwo, esiyosebenza kunoma iyiphi kanye nazo zonke izinto ezinjalo ezihlinzekwe noma ezithengiswa yi-ACCES.
Isingeniso
Le Serial Communications Card yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kumakhompyutha we-PCI-Bus futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okusebenzayo ku-RS422 (EIA422) noma i-RS485 (EIA485) kolayini abade bezokuxhumana. Ikhadi liyi-intshi engu-4.80 ubude (122 mm) futhi lingafakwa kunoma iyiphi i-5-volt PCI slot ku-IBM noma kumakhompyutha ahambisanayo. Kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwe-16550 ye-UART evikelwe futhi, ekusebenzisaneni kweWindows, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kufakiwe ukunika amandla/ukukhubaza abashayeli bokudlulisa ngokusobala.
Ukusebenza Kwemodi Elinganisiwe Nokunqanyulwa Komthwalo
- Kumodi ye-RS422, ikhadi lisebenzisa izishayeli zolayini ezihlukile (noma ezilinganisiwe) zokuvikeleka komsindo kanye nokukhulisa ibanga eliphakeme libe ngamafidi angama-4000. Imodi ye-RS485 ithuthuka ku-RS422 enama-transceiver ashintshwayo kanye nekhono lokusekela amadivayisi amaningi “kumugqa weqembu” elilodwa. Inani lamadivayisi asetshenziswa emugqeni owodwa linganwetshwa ngokusebenzisa "iziphindaphinda".
- Ukusebenza kwe-RS422 kuvumela abamukeli abaningi emigqeni yezokuxhumana futhi ukusebenza kwe-RS485 kuvumela ama-transmitters nama-32 abemukeli kusethi efanayo yemigqa yedatha. Amadivayisi ekugcineni kwalawa manethiwekhi kufanele anqanyulwe ukuze kugwenywe “ukukhala”. Umsebenzisi unenketho yokunqamula isidlulisi kanye/noma imigqa yomamukeli.
- Ukuxhumana kwe-RS485 kudinga ukuthi isidluliseli sinikeze i-bias voltage ukuqinisekisa isimo esaziwayo sokuthi "ziro" lapho kungekho divayisi edlulisayo. Leli khadi lisekela ukuchema ngokuzenzakalela. Uma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ludinga ukuthi isidlulisi singachemi, sicela uxhumane nefekthri.
Ukuhambisana Kwembobo ye-COM
- I-16550 UART isetshenziswa njenge-Asynchronous Communication Element (ACE). Kufaka phakathi amabhayithi angu-16 okudlulisa/wokwamukela amabhafa e-FIFO ukuze kuvikelwe idatha elahlekile kumasistimu okusebenza emisebenzi eminingi, kuyilapho kugcinwa ukuhambisana okungamaphesenti angu-100 nembobo yomkhiqizo yoqobo ye-IBM. Ukwakhiwa kwebhasi le-PCI kuvumela amakheli aphakathi kuka-0000 kanye ne-FFF8 hex ukuthi anikezwe amakhadi.
- I-crystal oscillator ekhadini ivumela ukukhethwa okunembile kwamazinga e-baud kufika ku-115,200 noma, ngokushintsha i-jumper, kuze kufike ku-460,800 baud nge-crystal oscillator evamile. I-Baud rate wuhlelo olukhethiwe futhi amanani atholakalayo afakwe ohlwini lwethebula esigabeni sokuHlela saleli bhukwana.
- Umshayeli/isamukeli esisetshenzisiwe, i-75ALS176, iyakwazi ukushayela imigqa yokuxhumana emide kakhulu ngamanani aphezulu e-baud. Ingakwazi ukushayela kufikela ku-+60 mA emigqeni ebhalansi futhi ithole okokufaka okuphansi okungama-200 mV isignali ehlukile ebekwe phezulu kumsindo wemodi evamile engu-+12 V noma -7 V. Esimeni sokungqubuzana kokuxhumana, umshayeli/abamukeli bafaka ukuvala shaqa okushisayo.
Izindlela Zokuxhumana
Amakhadi asekela ukuxhumana kwe-Simplex, Half-Duplex, kanye ne-Full-Duplex ezinhlobonhlobo zokuxhunywa kwezintambo ezimbili nezine. I-Simplex iyindlela elula yokuxhumana enokudluliselwa okwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. I-Half-Duplex ivumela ithrafikhi ukuthi ihambe kuzo zombili izinkomba, kodwa indlela eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Ekusebenzeni kwe-Full-Duplex, idatha ihamba ngazo zombili izinkomba ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izokuxhumana eziningi ze-RS485 zisebenzisa imodi ye-Half-Duplex ngoba izintambo ezimbili kuphela ezidinga ukusetshenziswa futhi izindleko zokuzifaka zehliswa kakhulu.
I-Auto-RTS Transceiver Control
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows umshayeli kufanele anikwe amandla futhi akhutshazwe njengoba kudingeka, okuvumela wonke amakhadi ukuthi abelane ngentambo enezintambo ezimbili noma ezine. Leli khadi lilawula umshayeli ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, umshayeli unikwa amandla uma idatha isilungele ukudluliselwa. Umshayeli usala enikwe amandla ngesikhathi sokudlulisela sohlamvu olulodwa olwengeziwe ngemva kokuqedwa kokudlulisa idatha bese sikhutshazwa. Umamukeli uvamise ukunikwa amandla kodwa uyakhutshazwa ngesikhathi sokudlulisa bese uphinda unikwe amandla ngemva kokuqedwa kokudlulisa. Ikhadi lizilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhathi salo esilinganisweni se-baud sedatha.
Imininingwane
Isixhumanisi Esibonakalayo
- Uxhumano lwe-I/O: Isixhumi sesitayela se-D-sub 9-pin se-IBM AT esivikelekile esihambisana nokucaciswa kwe-RS422 kanye ne-RS485.
- Ubude bezinhlamvu: 5, 6, 7, noma 8 bits.
- Ukulingana: Ngisho, okungavamile noma akukho.
- Stop Interval: 1, 1.5, noma 2 bits.
- Izilinganiso Zedatha Ye-serial: Kufika ku-115,200 baud, Asynchronous. Amanani asheshayo, afinyelela ku-460,800 ama-baud, atholwa ngokukhetha kwe-jumper ekhadini. Thayipha i-UART evikelwe i-16550.
I-RS422/RS485 Imodi Yokuxhumana Ehlukile
- Ukuzwela Kokufaka Isamukeli: +200 mV, okokufaka okuhlukile.
- Ukwenqatshwa Kwemodi Ejwayelekile: +12V kuya ku-7V
- Amandla Okushayela: 60 mA okukhiphayo kokudlulisa ngokuvala shaqa okushisayo.
- I-Multipoint: Ihambisana nokucaciswa kwe-RS422 kanye ne-RS485.
Qaphela
Abashayeli nabamukeli abangafika kwabangu-32 abavunyelwe kulayini. I-serial communications ACE esetshenzisiwe iwuhlobo 16550. Umshayeli/Abamukeli abasetshenzisiwe bawuhlobo 75ALS176.
Ezemvelo
- Ibanga lokushisa elisebenzayo: 0 kuya +60 °C
- Umswakamo: 5% kuya ku-95%, awujiki.
- Izinga Lokushisa Lesitoreji: -50 kuya +120 °C
- Usayizi: 4.80" ubude (122mm) ngo-1.80" ukuphakama (46 mm).
- Amandla adingekayo: +5VDC ku-175 mA ejwayelekile
Ukufakwa
Umhlahlandlela Wokuqalisa Okusheshayo (QSG) ophrintiwe ugcwele ikhadi ukuze ube lula. Uma usuzenzile kakade izinyathelo ezisuka ku-QSG, ungase uthole lesi sahluko singasebenzi futhi ungase weqe uye phambili ukuze uqale ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Isofthiwe ehlinzekwe naleli khadi iku-CD futhi kufanele ifakwe kusigcinalwazi sakho ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo ezifanele uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.
Lungiselela Izinketho Zekhadi Ngokukhetha Kwe-Jumper
Ngaphambi kokufaka ikhadi kukhompyutha yakho, funda ngokucophelela Isahluko 3: Inketho Yokukhetha yaleli bhukwana, bese ulungisa ikhadi ngokwezidingo zakho kanye nephrothokholi (RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, 4-wire 485, njll.) . Uhlelo lwethu lokusetha olusekelwe ku-Windows lungasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana neSahluko 3 ukusiza ekulungiseleleni ama-jumpers ekhadini, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezincazelo ezengeziwe zokusebenzisa izinketho ezihlukahlukene zamakhadi (njengokunqanyulwa, ukwenzelela, ububanzi bezinga le-baud, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, njll.).
Ukufakwa kwe-CD Software
Imiyalo elandelayo ithatha ukuthi idrayivu ye-CD-ROM iyidrayivu ethi “D”. Sicela ufake esikhundleni incwadi efanele yokushayela yesistimu yakho njengoba kudingeka.
I-DOS
- Faka i-CD kudrayivu yakho ye-CD-ROM.
- Uhlobo
ukushintsha idrayivu esebenzayo ibe yidrayivu ye-CD-ROM. - Uhlobo
ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokufaka. - Landela imiyalo esesikrinini ukuze ufake isofthiwe yaleli bhodi.
AMAwindi
- Faka i-CD kudrayivu yakho ye-CD-ROM.
- Isistimu kufanele iqalise ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo lokufaka. Uma uhlelo lokufaka lungasebenzi ngokushesha, chofoza okuthi QALA | GIJIMA bese uthayipha
, chofoza okuthi KULUNGILE noma cindezela 
.
Landela imiyalo esesikrinini ukuze ufake isofthiwe yaleli bhodi.
I-LINUX
Sicela ubhekisele ku-linux.htm ku-CD-ROM ukuze uthole ulwazi ngokufaka ngaphansi kwe-linux.
Qaphela: Amabhodi e-COM angafakwa cishe kunoma iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza. Siyakusekela ukufakwa ezinguqulweni zangaphambili ze-Windows, futhi maningi amathuba okuthi sisekele nezinguqulo ezizayo.
Isexwayiso! * Ukukhishwa okukodwa kwe-ESDA kungalimaza ikhadi lakho futhi kubangele ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi!
Sicela ulandele zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphusile ukuze uvimbele ukukhipha okumile njengokuzibekela phansi ngokuthinta noma iyiphi indawo ephansi ngaphambi kokuthinta ikhadi.
Ukufakwa kwe-Hardware
- Qiniseka ukuthi usetha amaswishi nama-jumpers asuka engxenyeni ethi Khetha Ukukhetha yaleli bhukwana noma eziphakamisweni ze-SETUP.EXE.
- Ungalifaki ikhadi kukhompuyutha ize ifakwe ngokugcwele isofthiwe.
- Vala amandla ekhompyutha FUTHI ukhiphe amandla e-AC ohlelweni.
- Susa ikhava yekhompyutha.
- Faka kahle ikhadi endaweni enwetshiwe engu-5V noma engu-3.3V PCI (ungahle udinge ukususa i-backplate kuqala).
- Hlola ukulingana okufanele kwekhadi futhi uqinise izikulufu. Qiniseka ukuthi ubakaki wokukhweza ikhadi ugoqwe kahle endaweni nokuthi kunendawo ekahle ye-chassis.
- Faka ikhebula le-I/O kusixhumi esigxunyekiwe sikabakaki wekhadi.
- Shintsha isembozo sekhompyutha bese UVULA ikhompuyutha. Faka uhlelo lokusetha i-CMOS lwesistimu yakho bese uqinisekisa ukuthi inketho ye-PCI yokuxhuma nokudlala isethwe ngokufanele kusistimu yakho. Amasistimu asebenzisa i-Windows 95/98/2000/XP/2003 (noma enye isistimu yokusebenza ethobela i-PNP) kufanele asethe inketho ye-CMOS ku-OS. Amasistimu asebenza ngaphansi kwe-DOS, Windows NT, Windows 3.1, nanoma iyiphi enye isistimu yokusebenza engathobeli i-PNP kufanele isethe inketho ye-PNP CMOS ku-BIOS noma Ibhodi Lomama. Londoloza inketho bese uqhubeka nokuqalisa isistimu.
- Amakhompyutha amaningi kufanele azibonele ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhadi (kuye ngesistimu yokusebenza) futhi aqedele ukufaka abashayeli ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Qalisa i-PCIfind.exe ukuze uqedele ukufaka ikhadi endaweni yokubhalisa (ye-Windows kuphela) nokunquma izinsiza ezabelwe.
- Qalisa okukodwa kwezinikeziweample izinhlelo ezikopishelwe ohlwini lwamakhadi olusanda kwakhiwa (kusuka ku-CD) ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa kwakho.
Ukukhetha Inketho
Izinketho ezine zokumisa zinqunywa indawo ye-jumper njengoba kuchazwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo. Izindawo zama-jumpers ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 3-1, Imephu Yokukhetha Yokukhetha.
422/485
Le jumper ikhetha imodi yokuxhumana ethi RS422 noma RS485.
Ukunqanyulwa kanye Nokuchema
Ulayini wokudlulisela kufanele unqanyulwe endaweni yokwamukela ekuvinjweni kwayo okuyisici ukuze kugwenywe “ukukhala”. Ukufaka i-jumper endaweni enelebula ethi TERMIN kusebenzisa umthwalo ongu-120Ω kukonke okokufaka kwemodi ye-RS422. Ngokufanayo, ukufaka i-jumper endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi TERMOUT kusebenza 120Ω kuyo yonke i-transmit/receive input/output yokusebenza kwe-RS485.
Emisebenzini ye-RS485, lapho kukhona amatheminali amaningi, izimbobo ze-RS485 kuphela ekugcineni kwenethiwekhi okufanele zibe nezinqamuli ezinqamulayo njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla. Futhi, ekusebenzeni kwe-RS485, kufanele kube nokuchema kolayini be-RX+ no-RX-. Isici se-422/485 sinikeza lokhu kuchema.
Isilinganiso se-Baud
I-x1/x4 jumper ikhetha iwashi elijwayelekile elingu-1.8432MHz noma iwashi elingu-7.3728MHz ukuze lifakwe ku-UART. Isikhundla se-x4 sinikeza amandla kumazinga e-baud afika ku-460,800 KHz.
Iziphazamiso
Inombolo ye-IRQ inikezwa isistimu. Sebenzisa i-PCIFind.EXE ukuze unqume i-IRQ eyabelwe ikhadi yi-BIOS noma Isistimu Esebenzayo. Kungenjalo, ku-Windows 95/98/NT Isiphathi Sedivayisi singasetshenziswa. Amakhadi asohlwini ngaphansi kwekilasi Lokutholwa Kwedatha. Ukukhetha ikhadi, ukuchofoza Izakhiwo, bese ukhetha ithebhu Yezinsiza kuzobonisa ikheli lesisekelo kanye ne-IRQ eyabelwe ikhadi.
Ukukhethwa Kwekheli
- Isakhiwo se-PCI yi-Plug-and-Play. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-BIOS noma Isistimu Esebenzayo inquma izinsiza ezinikezwe amakhadi e-PCI, kunokuba umsebenzisi akhethe lezi zinsiza ngokushintsha noma ama-jumper. Ngenxa yalokho, ikheli lesisekelo lekhadi alikwazi ukushintshwa, linganqunywa kuphela. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isiphathi sedivayisi ye-Windows95/98/NT ukuze ucacise izinsiza zesistimu kodwa leyo ndlela ingaphezu kobubanzi baleli bhukwana.
- Ukuze unqume ikheli eliyisisekelo elinikezwe ikhadi, sebenzisa uhlelo oluhlinzekiwe lwe-PCIFind.EXE. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luzobonisa uhlu lwawo wonke amakhadi atholwe ebhasini le-PCI, amakheli anikezwe umsebenzi ngamunye ekhadini ngalinye, kanye nama-IRQ nama-DMA afanele (uma ekhona) abiwe.
- Kungenjalo, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza (Windows 95/98/2000) zingabuzwa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezabelwe. Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, ungasebenzisa i-PCIFind noma insiza Yesiphathi Sedivayisi kusuka ku-Applet Properties System yephaneli yokulawula. Lawa makhadi afakwe ekilasini Lokutholwa Kwedatha ohlwini Lwesiphathi Sedivayisi. Ukukhetha ikhadi bese uchofoza Izakhiwo, bese ukhetha Ithebhu Yezinsiza kuzobonisa uhlu lwezinsiza ezabelwe ikhadi.
- Ibhasi le-PCI lisekela ubuncane bendawo engu-64K yesikhala se-I/O, ikheli lekhadi lakho lingase litholakale noma yikuphi ku-0400 kuya ku-FFF8 hex ububanzi. I-PCIFind isebenzisa i-ID Yomthengisi kanye ne-ID Yedivayisi ukucinga ikhadi lakho bese ifunda ikheli eliyisisekelo kanye ne-IRQ eyabelwe. Uma ufuna ukunquma ikheli eliyisisekelo kanye ne-IRQ eyabelwe, sebenzisa ulwazi olulandelayo:
- Ikhodi ye-ID yomthengisi yekhadi ithi 494F (ASCII ye-“IO”).
- Ikhodi ye-ID yedivayisi yekhadi ngu-10C9.
Ukuhlela
Sample Izinhlelo
Kukhona sample izinhlelo ezihlinzekwa ngekhadi ngo-C, Pascal, QuickBASIC, nezilimi ezimbalwa ze-Windows. I-DOS sampama-les atholakala kuhla lwemibhalo lwe-DOS kanye ne-Windows sampama-les atholakala kuhlu lwemibhalo lwe-WIN32.
I-Windows Programming
Ikhadi lifaka ku-Windows njengezimbobo ze-COM. Ngakho-ke imisebenzi ye-Windows standard API ingasetshenziswa.
Ngokuqondene:
- DalaFile() kanye ne-CloseHandle() yokuvula nokuvala imbobo.
- SetupComm(), SetCommTimeouts(), GetCommState(), kanye ne-SetCommState() ukuze usethe futhi uguqule izilungiselelo zembobo.
- FundaFile() kanye BhalaFile() ukuze uthole ichweba.
Bona amadokhumenti olimi olukhethile ukuze uthole imininingwane.
Ngaphansi kwe-DOS, inqubo ihluke kakhulu. Ingxenye esele yalesi sahluko ichaza uhlelo lwe-DOS
Ukuqaliswa
- Ukuqalisa i-chip kudinga ulwazi lwesethi yerejista ye-UART. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusetha isihlukanisi se-baud rate. Ukwenza lokhu ngokuqala ngokubeka i-DLAB (Divisor Latch Access Bit) phezulu. Le bit yi-Bit 7 ekhelini eliyisisekelo +3. Kukhodi engu-C, ucingo luzoba: outportb(BASEADDR +3,0×80);
- Bese ulayisha isihlukanisi Ekhelini Lesisekelo +0 (ibhayithi ephansi) kanye Nekheli Lesisekelo +1 (ibhayithi ephezulu). Isibalo esilandelayo sichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso se-baud nesihlukanisi:
- Isilinganiso se-Baud esidingekayo = (imvamisa yewashi le-UART) ÷ (32 * isihlukanisi)
- Uma i-Baud jumper isendaweni ye-X1, imvamisa yewashi le-UART ngu-1.8432 Mhz. Uma i-jumper isendaweni ye-X4, imvamisa yewashi ngu-7.3728 Mhz. Ithebula elilandelayo libala amaza adumile okuhlukanisa. Qaphela ukuthi kunamakholomu amabili okufanele acatshangelwe kuye ngokuthi i-Baud jumper ikuphi.
Baud Linganisa Isihlukanisi x1 Isihlukanisi x4 Ubukhulu Diff. Ikhebula Ubude* 460800 – 1 550 ft 230400 – 2 1400 ft 153600 – 3 2500 ft 115200 1 4 3000 ft 57600 2 8 4000 ft 38400 3 12 4000 ft 28800 4 16 4000 ft 19200 6 24 4000 ft 14400 8 32 4000 ft 9600 12 48 - Okuvame kakhulu 4000 ft 4800 24 96 4000 ft 2400 48 192 4000 ft 1200 96 384 4000 ft * Amabanga aphezulu anconyiwe ezintambo zedatha ezishayelwa ngokuhlukile (RS422 noma RS485) ezezimo ezijwayelekile.
Ithebula 5-1: I-Baud Rate Divisor Values
Ku-C, ikhodi yokusetha i-chip ibe yi-9600 baud ithi:
i-outportb(BASEADDR, 0x0C);
i-outportb(BASEADDR +1,0);
Isinyathelo sesibili sokuqalisa siwukusetha Irejista Yokulawula Umugqa Ekhelini Eliyisisekelo + 3. Le rejista ichaza ubude begama, amabhithi wokumisa, ukulingana, kanye ne-DLAB. Amabhithi angu-0 kanye no-1 alawula ubude begama futhi avumele ubude bamagama ukusuka kumabhithi angu-5 kuye kwayi-8. Izilungiselelo zebhithi zikhishwa ngokukhipha u-5 kubude begama obufunwayo. I-Bit 2 inquma inani lama-stop bits. Kungaba khona i-stop bits eyodwa noma ezimbili. Uma i-Bit 2 isethelwe ku-0, kuzoba ne-stop bit eyodwa. Uma i-Bit 2 isethelwe ku-1, kuzoba nama-stop bits amabili. I-Bits 3 kuya ku-6 ilawula i-parity futhi i-break inikwe amandla. Awavamisile ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana futhi kufanele asethelwe kuqanda. I-Bit 7 yi-DLAB okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili. Kufanele isethelwe kuqanda ngemva kokuba isihlukanisi silayishiwe noma kungenjalo ngeke kube khona ukuxhumana.
Umyalo C wokusetha i-UART yegama le-8-bit, akukho ukulingana, kanye ne-stop bit eyodwa ithi:
i-outportb(BASEADDR +3, 0x03)
Isinyathelo sokugcina sokuqalisa siwukusula amabhafa owamukelayo. Lokhu ukwenza ngokufunda okubili okuvela kusigcinalwazi somamukeli Ekhelini Lesisekelo +0. Uma usuqedile, i-UART isilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ukwamukela
Ukwamukela kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuvota nokuqhutshwa kokuphazamiseka. Lapho kuvotwa, ukwamukela kufezwa ngokufunda njalo Irejista Yesimo Somugqa Ekhelini Eliyisisekelo +5. I-Bit 0 yale rejista ibekwa phezulu noma nini lapho idatha isilungele ukufundwa ku-chip. Iluphu yokuvota elula kufanele iqhubeke ihlola le bit futhi ifunde kudatha njengoba itholakala. Isiqephu sekhodi esilandelayo sisebenzisa iluphu yokuvota futhi sisebenzisa inani elingu-13, (ASCII Carriage Return) njengomaka wokuphela kokudlulisa:
Ukuxhumana okuqhutshwa iziphazamiso kufanele kusetshenziswe noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka futhi kuyadingeka ngamanani aphezulu wedatha. Ukubhala isamukeli esishayelwa isiphazamiso akuyona inkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokubhala isamukeli esivotelwe kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe lapho ufaka noma ukhipha isibambi sakho esiphazamisayo ukuze ugweme ukubhala ukuphazamiseka okungalungile, ukukhubaza ukuphazamiseka okungalungile, noma ukucisha iziphazamiso isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Umphathi uzoqale afunde Irejista Yokuhlonza Okuphazamisa Ekhelini Eliyisisekelo +2. Uma ukuphazamisa kungokwedatha Etholiwe Etholakalayo, isibambi bese sifunda idatha. Uma kungekho ukuphazamiseka okulindile, isilawuli siyaphuma esimisweni. A sample handler, ebhalwe ngo-C, imi kanje:
Ukudluliswa
Ukudluliswa kwe-RS485 kulula ukukusebenzisa. Isici se-AUTO kumodi ye-RS485 sivumela isidlulisi amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho idatha isilungele ukuthunyelwa, ngakho-ke akukho ukuvumela kwesofthiwe okudingekayo. Isofthiwe elandelayo exampi-le ingeyokusebenza okungeyona i-AUTO kumodi ye-RS422. Okokuqala ulayini we-RTS kufanele ubekwe phezulu ngokubhala u-1 kuya kubhithi 1 weRejista Yokulawula Imodemu Ekhelini Eliyisisekelo +4. Ulayini we-RTS usetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-transceiver ukusuka kumodi yokwamukela ukuya kumodi yokudlulisa futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Ngemva kokwenza lokhu okungenhla, ikhadi lilungele ukuthumela idatha. Ukuze udlulise uchungechunge lwedatha, umthumeli kufanele aqale ahlole i-Bit 5 Yerejista Yesimo Somugqa Ekhelini Eliyisisekelo +5. Leyo ngxenyana yifulegi elingenalutho le-transmitter-hold-register. Uma iphezulu, umthumeli uthumele idatha. Inqubo yokuhlola ibhithi ize iye phezulu ilandelwe wukubhala iyaphindwa kuze kungabi bikho idatha esele. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke idatha isidlulisiwe, ibhithi ye-RTS kufanele isethwe kabusha ngokubhala u-0 kuya ku-Bit 1 weRejista Yokulawula Imodemu.
Isiqeshana sekhodi C esilandelayo sibonisa le nqubo:
Isexwayiso
I-OUT2 bit ye-UART kufanele isethwe 'YIQINISO' ukuze kube nokuxhumana okufanele kokuphazamiseka. Isofthiwe yefa isebenzisa le bit ukuze kungene iziphazamiso futhi ikhadi kungenzeka lingaxhumani uma i-bit 3 yerejista 4 (Irejista Yokulawula Imodemu) ingasethiwe.
Izabelo zephinikhodi yesixhumi
Isixhumi esincane se-9-pin D esidumile sisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nemigqa yokuxhumana. Isixhumi sifakwe izintambo ezinemicu engu-4-40 (isikhiya sesikulufa sowesifazane) ukuze sinikeze ukukhululeka kobunzima.
| Phina Cha. | Isabelo |
| 1 | Rx– (Thola Idatha) |
| 2 | Tx+ (Dlulisa idatha) |
| 3 | Tx– (Dlulisa idatha) |
| 4 | |
| 5 | I-GND (Signal Ground) |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | |
| 9 | Rx+ (Thola Idatha) |
Izintambo Zekhebula Ledatha
Ithebula elilandelayo libonisa ukuxhumana kwamaphini phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili okusebenza kwe-Simplex, Half -Duplex kanye ne-Full-Duplex.
| Imodi | Ikhadi 1 | Ikhadi 2 |
| I-Simplex, 2-wire, thola kuphela, RS422 | Rx+ pin 9 | Tx+ pin 2 |
| Rx- pin 1 | Tx- pin 3 | |
| I-Simplex, 2-wire, transmit kuphela, RS422 | Tx+ pin 2 | Rx+ pin 9 |
| Tx- pin 3 | Rx- pin 1 | |
| I-Half-Duplex, 2-wire, RS485 | Tx+ pin 2 | Tx+ pin 2 |
| Tx- pin 3 | Tx- pin 3 | |
| I-Full-Duplex, 4-wire, RS422 | Tx+ pin 2 | Rx+ pin 9 |
| Tx- pin 3 | Rx- pin 1 | |
| Rx+ pin 9 | Tx+ pin 2 | |
| Rx- pin 1 | Tx- pin 3 |
Isithasiselo A: Ukucatshangelwa kwesicelo
Isingeniso
Ukusebenza ngamadivaysi e-RS422 kanye ne-RS485 akuhlukile kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngama-serial devices we-RS232 ajwayelekile futhi lawa mazinga womabili anqoba ukushiyeka kuzinga le-RS232. Okokuqala, ubude bekhebula phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili we-RS232 kufanele bube bufushane; ngaphansi kwamafidi angama-50. Okwesibili, amaphutha amaningi e-RS232 awumphumela womsindo obangelwa izintambo. Izinga le-RS422 livumela ikhebula ukuthi lifike ku-5000 ubude futhi, ngenxa yokuthi lisebenza ngendlela ehlukile, alivikeleki kakhulu emsindweni.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili e-RS422 (ene-CTS enganakiwe) kufanele kube kanje:
| Idivayisi #1 | Idivayisi #2 | ||||
| Isiginali | 9 pin | 25 pin | Isiginali | 9 pin | 25 pin |
| Gnd | 5 | 7 | Gnd | 5 | 7 |
| TX+ | 2 | 24 | RX+ | 9 | 12 |
| TX– | 3 | 25 | RX– | 1 | 13 |
| RX+ | 9 | 12 | TX+ | 2 | 24 |
| RX– | 1 | 1 | TX– | 3 | 25 |
Ithebula A-1: Ukuxhumana Phakathi Kwamadivayisi Amabili E-RS422
Ukuntuleka kwesithathu kwe-RS232 ukuthi amadivayisi angaphezu kwamabili awakwazi ukwabelana ngekhebula elifanayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso nange-RS422 kodwa i-RS485 inikeza zonke izinzuzo ze-RS422 plus ivumela amadivayisi afika kwangu-32 ukwabelana ngamapheya afanayo asontekile. Okuhlukile kulokhu osekushiwo ngaphambili ukuthi amadivayisi amaningi e-RS422 angabelana ngekhebula elilodwa uma kuzokhuluma eyodwa futhi amanye azothola njalo.
Izilinganiso Ezihlukile Zezimpawu
Isizathu sokuthi amadivayisi we-RS422 kanye ne-RS485 akwazi ukushayela imigqa emide ngokuvikeleka komsindo okwengeziwe kunamadivayisi we-RS232 ukuthi kusetshenziswa indlela yokushayela ehlukile elinganayo. Kuhlelo lokuhlukanisa okulinganayo, i-voltage ekhiqizwa umshayeli ibonakala ngaphesheya kwezintambo. Umshayeli welayini olinganiselayo uzokhiqiza ivolumu ehlukiletage ukusuka ku-+2 ukuya ku-+6 volts kuwo wonke amatheminali ayo okukhiphayo. Umshayeli welayini obhalansi angase futhi abe nesiginali ethi "vula" exhuma umshayeli kumatheminali ayo okukhiphayo. Uma isignali "yenza" IVALIWE, umshayeli uyanqanyulwa entanjeni yokudlulisela. Lesi simo esinqanyuliwe noma esikhubazekile sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yisimo se-"tristate" futhi simelela ukuvinjelwa okuphezulu. Abashayeli be-RS485 kumele babe naleli khono lokulawula. Abashayeli be-RS422 bangase babe nalokhu kulawula kodwa akudingekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umamukeli womugqa ohlukile olinganiselayo uzwa ivolumutagisimo solayini wokudlulisela kuyo yonke imigqa yokufaka yesiginali emibili. Uma i-different input voltagu-e mkhulu kuno-+200 mV, umamukeli uzohlinzeka ngesimo esithile sokunengqondo ekuphumeni kwayo. Uma umehluko voltagi-e input ingaphansi kuka -200 mV, umamukeli uzohlinzeka ngesimo sokunengqondo esiphambene ekuphumeni kwayo. Umthamo omkhulu wokusebenzatagUbubanzi be-e busuka ku-+6V kuye ku-6V buvumela ivolumutagukuncipha okungenzeka kumakhebuli amade okudlulisa.
Ubuningi bemodi evamile voltagUkulinganisa kwe-e +7V kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuhle komsindo kusuka ku-voltagifakwe emigqeni emibili esontekile. Ukuxhumana komugqa ophansi wesignali kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe imodi evamile voltage kulelo banga. Isekhethi ingase isebenze ngaphandle kokuxhumeka okuphansi kodwa ingase ingathembeki.
| Ipharamitha | Izimo | Okuncane. | Ubukhulu. |
| I-Driver Output Voltage (kwehlisiwe) | 4V | 6V | |
| -4V | -6V | ||
| I-Driver Output Voltage (kulayishiwe) | TERM | 2V | |
| abagxumayo | -2V | ||
| Ukumelana Kokukhipha Umshayeli | awu 50Ω | ||
| I-Driver Outpuit Short-Circuit yamanje | +150 mA | ||
| Isikhathi Sokukhuphuka Kokukhipha Umshayeli | 10% isikhawu seyunithi | ||
| Ukuzwela Komamukeli | +200 mV | ||
| I-Receiver Common Mode Voltage Ibanga | +7V | ||
| Ukumelana Kokufaka Umamukeli | 4KΩ |
Ithebula A-2: RS422 Ukufingqa Ukucaciswa
Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakaliswa kwesignali kukhebula nokuthuthukisa ukwenqatshwa komsindo kuyo yomibili imodi ye-RS422 kanye ne-RS485, isiphetho somamukeli wekhebula kufanele sinqanyulwe ngokumelana okulingana nesici sekhebuli.
Qaphela
Akudingekile ukuthi wengeze isinqamuli esinqamulelayo ezintamboni zakho uma usebenzisa ikhadi. Izinqamuli zokunqamula imigqa ye-RX+ kanye ne-RX- inikezwe ekhadini futhi ibekwe kumjikelezo lapho ufaka ama-jumper e-TERM. (Bheka ingxenye ethi Ukukhetha Ukukhetha yaleli bhukwana.)
RS485 Data Transmission
I-RS485 Standard ivumela ulayini wokudlulisela olinganiselayo ukuthi wabelane ngemodi yeqembu leqembu. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-32 abashayeli/abamukeli angabelana ngenethiwekhi yomugqa wezinhlangothi ezimbili. Izici eziningi zabashayeli nabamukeli ziyafana neziku-RS422 Standard. Omunye umehluko ukuthi imodi evamile voltagUmkhawulo we-e unwetshiwe futhi ungu-+12V ukuya ku-7V. Njengoba noma yimuphi umshayeli enganqanyulwa (noma aphindwe kathathu) emugqeni, kufanele amelane nale modi evamile voltage ububanzi ngenkathi isesimweni se-tristate.
I-RS485 Inethiwekhi Yezintambo Ezimbili Eziningi
Umfanekiso olandelayo ubonisa inethiwekhi evamile ye-multidrop noma yephathi. Qaphela ukuthi ulayini wokudlulisela unqanyuliwe kuzo zombili iziphetho zomugqa kodwa hhayi ezindaweni zokulahla phakathi nomugqa.
I-RS485 Inethiwekhi Yezintambo Ezine Multidrop
Inethiwekhi ye-RS485 nayo ingaxhunywa ngemodi enezintambo ezine. Kunethiwekhi enezintambo ezine kuyadingeka ukuthi i-node eyodwa ibe yi-master node futhi bonke abanye babe yizigqila. Inethiwekhi ixhunywe ukuze inkosi ixhumane nazo zonke izigqila futhi zonke izigqila zixhumana nenkosi kuphela. Lokhu kune-advantages kumishini esebenzisa ukuxhumana kwephrothokholi okuxubile. Njengoba izikhala zesigqila zingalokothi zilalele impendulo yesinye isigqila enkosini, indawo yesigqila ayikwazi ukuphendula ngokungalungile.
Amazwana Ekhasimende
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Amasistimu Aqinisekisiwe
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Amadokhumenti / Izinsiza
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