Ukuqukuqela koMvambo woluvo A Comprehensive
Ulwazi lweMveliso
Iinkcukacha
Le mveliso sisikhokelo esibanzi sokuqonda ukuhamba kwefiziksi kunye nobunjineli.
Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwemveliso
Yintoni iFlow?
Ukuqukuqela kukuhamba kwamasuntswana olwelo ngaphakathi kwendawo ephakathi, ebandakanya isantya, uxinzelelo, kunye nolwalathiso.
Iintlobo zokuHamba
- Ukuhamba kweLaminar: Ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nocwangco kwizantya eziphantsi kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu.
- Ukuqukuqela okuNjalo: Ukuhamba kwe-Chaotic kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwi-velocities ephezulu kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi.
- Ukuhamba kweNguqu: Isimo esiphakathi phakathi kokuhamba kwe-laminar kunye nesiphithiphithi.
- Ukuqukuqela okucinezelekileyo kunye nokunganyanzelekiyo: Ngokusekelwe kutshintsho lokuxinana kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo.
- Ukuhamba okuzinzileyo nokungazinzanga: Uzinzo lwepharamitha yokuhamba ngexesha.
Ukulinganisa ukuHamba
Umlinganiselo wokuhamba ubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhamba ngokusekwe kwiintlobo zolwelo kunye neemeko.
Iindlela zoMlinganiso wokuHamba:
- Ireyithi yeVolumetric Flow
- Ireyithi yokuHamba kweMisa
Ikhonkco lokuqala: https://sensor1stop.com/knowledge/understanding-flow/
Ukuqonda ukuhamba: Isikhokelo esiBanzi
Ukuhamba yingcamango esisiseko kwifiziksi kunye nobunjineli, kubhekiselele kwintshukumo yolwelo (ulwelo okanye igesi) ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Yiparameter ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zoshishino kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwamanzi ukuya kwi-ecosystem yendalo kunye nakwimizimba yethu. Eli nqaku libonelela ngokujonga nzulu ukuba yintoni na ukuhamba, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba, indlela elinganiswa ngayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Yintoni Flow
Ukuhamba kuchazwa njengokuhamba kwamasuntswana olwelo ngaphakathi kwendawo ephakathi. Iintlobo eziphambili zolwelo lulwelo kunye neegesi. Ukuhamba kunokuchazwa ngokwesantya, uxinzelelo, kunye nesalathiso. Uphononongo lokuhamba lubandakanya ukuqonda indlela ulwelo oluziphatha ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nendlela ezidibana ngayo nendawo ezingqongileyo.
Iintlobo zokuHamba
Ukuhamba kungahlelwa kwiindidi ezininzi ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nohlobo lwentshukumo yamanzi, ulawulo lokuhamba, kunye neempawu zolwelo. Nazi iindidi eziphambili zokuhamba:
Ukuhamba kweLaminar
Ukuhamba kwe-Laminar kwenzeka xa ulwelo luhamba kwiileya ezihambelanayo, kungabikho ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwabo. Olu hlobo lokuhamba lubonakala ngokushukuma okugudileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kolwelo. Isantya solwelo sihlala sihleli nakweyiphi na indawo kwindawo yokuhamba. Ukuhamba kweLaminar ngokuqhelekileyo kujongwa kwizantya zokuqukuqela okuphantsi kunye nolwelo olune-viscosity ephezulu.
Ukuqukuqela okuNgxaki
Ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi kuphawulwa kukuhamba kolwelo olunesiphithiphithi kunye nokungaqhelekanga. Kulolu hlobo lokuhamba, iincinci ze-fluid zihamba ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga, ezibangela ukuxuba kunye nokuguqulwa kwesantya kunye noxinzelelo.
Ukuqukuqela kwesiphithiphithi kuxhaphakile kwizantya zokuqukuqela okuphezulu kunye nakulwelo olune-viscosity ephantsi. Ihlala ibonwa kwizinto zendalo ezifana ne-rapids yomlambo kunye nemisinga ye-atmospheric.
Ukuqukuqela kwenguqu
Umqukuqelo wenguqu yimeko ephakathi phakathi kokuhamba kwe-laminar kunye nesiphithiphithi. Kwenzeka xa isantya sokuhamba siphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuphazamisa ukuhamba kwe-laminar kodwa akwanelanga ukugcina i-turbulence ephuhliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuhamba kwenguqu kudla ngokubonwa ekuhambeni kombhobho kunye neengqimba zemida.
I-Compressible kunye ne-Incompressible Flow
Ukuhamba okucinezelayo kwenzeka xa ukuxinana kolwelo kutshintsha kakhulu ngoxinzelelo. Olu hlobo lokuhamba luqhelekile kwiigesi, ngakumbi kwisantya esiphezulu kwaye phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuhamba okungenakulinganiswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthatha ukuba ubuninzi be-fluid buhlala buhleli. Olu qikelelo luhlala lusebenza kulwelo kunye nokuhamba kwerhasi enesantya esisezantsi.
Ukuqukuqela okuzinzileyo nokungazinzanga
Ukuhamba okuzinzile kuthetha ukuba iiparamitha zokuhamba (isantya, uxinzelelo, kunye noxinaniso) azitshintshi kunye nexesha nangaliphi na ixesha kulwelo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuhamba okungazinzanga kwenzeka xa ezi parameters zihluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukulinganisa ukuHamba
Ukuhamba kokulinganisa kubalulekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko kunye nolawulo
ukuthobela. Umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela ubandakanya ukumisela ubuninzi bolwelo oludlula kwindawo ngexesha elithile. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa ukuhamba, nganye ifanelekile kwiintlobo ezithile zolwelo kunye neemeko zokuhamba.
Iindlela zoMlinganiso oPhuphumayo
Ireyithi yeVolumetric Flow
Isantya sokuhamba kweVolumetric ngumthamo wolwelo oludlula kwindawo ethile ngexesha leyunithi. Idla ngokulinganiswa ngee-cubic metres ngesekhondi (m³/s) okanye iilitha ngomzuzu (L/min). Izixhobo ezinjengee-rotameters, iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-iturbine, kunye neemitha zokufuduswa ezilungileyo ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kwe-volumetric.
Ireyithi yokuHamba kweMisa
Isantya sokuhamba kobunzima bubunzima bolwelo oludlula kwindawo ethile ngexesha leyunithi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ngeekhilogram ngesekhondi (kg/s) okanye iiponti ngeyure (lb/h). Iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-Coriolis kunye neemitha zokuqukuqela kobunzima bobushushu ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya sokuqukuqela kobunzima.
Isantya sokuHamba kwesantya
Isantya sokuhamba kwesantya silinganisa isantya apho amasuntswana olwelo ahamba ngawo. Idla ngokulinganiswa ngeemitha ngesekhondi (m/s). Izixhobo ezinjengeetyhubhu zepitot, iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-ultrasonic, kunye neemitha zokuhamba kwe-electromagnetic zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya sokuhamba.
Izixhobo zoMlinganiselo wokuPhuma okuQhelekileyo
Iipleyiti zaseOrifice
Iipleyiti ze-Orifice zizixhobo ezilula kunye neendleko ezisebenzayo ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhamba ngokudala ukuhla koxinzelelo ngaphaya komqobo kwindlela yokuhamba. Umahluko woxinzelelo ulingana nesantya sokuhamba.
IiTubhu zeVenturi
Iityhubhu ze-Venturi zilinganisa ukuhamba ngokunciphisa indawo enqamlezileyo yendlela yokuhamba, kubangela ukuhla kwengcinezelo enokuthi ihambelane nesantya sokuhamba. Baziwa ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengcinezelo ephantsi.
Ii-rotameters
Ii-rotameters ziimitha zokuqukuqela kwendawo eziguquguqukayo ezilinganisa isantya sokuqukuqela ngokusekwe kwindawo yedada phakathi kwetyhubhu enetapered. I-float iphakama kwaye iwa kunye nesantya sokuhamba, kwaye indawo yayo ibonisa izinga lokuhamba.
Iimitha zokuHamba kweTurbine
Iimitha zokuqukuqela zeturbine zilinganisa umyinge wokuqukuqela ngokubona isantya sokujikeleza se turbine ebekwe kwindlela yokuhamba. Isantya sokujikeleza silingana nesantya sokuhamba.
Electromagnetic Flow zokulinganisa
Iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-Electromagnetic zilinganisa umyinge wokuqukuqela ngokubona umbanetage iveliswa njengoko ulwelo oluqhubayo lutyhutyha kummandla wemagnethi. Umqulutage ilingana nesantya sokuhamba.
Iimitha zokuHamba ze-Ultrasonic
Iimitha zokuqukuqela zeUltrasonic zilinganisa isantya sokuhamba kusetyenziswa amaza esandi. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: iimitha zokuhamba kwexesha lokuhamba, ezilinganisa umahluko wexesha phakathi kwamaza esandi anyukayo nasezantsi, kunye neemitha zokuhamba kweDoppler, ezilinganisa ukutshintshwa kwamaza omsindo abonakaliswa ngamasuntswana kulwelo.
Iimitha zokuHamba kweCoriolis
Iimitha zokuqukuqela ze-Coriolis zilinganisa izinga lokuqukuqela kobunzima ngokubona amandla e-Coriolis asetyenziswa kumbhobho engcangcazelayo lulwelo oluqukuqelayo. Ukutshintsha kwesigaba okubangelwa amandla e-Coriolis kuhambelana nezinga lokuhamba ngobuninzi.
Ukusetyenziswa koMlinganiselo wokuHamba
Umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela ubalulekile kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa. Nazi iindawo eziphambili apho umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela ochanekileyo ubalulekile:
Iinkqubo zoShishino
Kwiinkqubo zoshishino, ukulinganisa ukuhamba kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo kunye neenkqubo. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuhamba unceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokhuseleko. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwenzeni imichiza, ukuveliswa kweoli kunye negesi, kunye nokuveliswa kokutya kunye nesiselo.
Ulawulo lwamanzi kunye naManzi amdaka
Umlinganiselo wokuhamba ubalulekile kulawulo lwamanzi kunye namanzi amdaka ukuze kubekwe iliso nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, kunye nokuphucula iinkqubo zokucoca. Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi, iindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela.
Iinkqubo zeHVAC
Kwiinkqubo zokufudumeza, umoya, kunye ne-air conditioning (HVAC), ukulinganisa ukuhamba kuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokusabalalisa kwamanzi. Inceda ukugcina iimeko ezipholileyo zangaphakathi, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Izixhobo zonyango
Umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela ubalulekile kwizixhobo zonyango ezifana ne-ventilators, oomatshini bokubulala iintlungu, kunye nabahloli bokuhamba kwegazi. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuhamba uqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesigulane kunye nonyango olusebenzayo.
Ukubeka iliso kokusiNgqongileyo
Umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela usetyenziswa kuhlolo lokusingqongileyo ukuhlola umgangatho wamanzi, umgangatho womoya, kunye namanqanaba ongcoliseko. Inceda ekuqondeni nasekulawuleni iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Iimoto kunye ne-Aerospace
Kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-aerospace, umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela usetyenziswa ukujonga nokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, ukusebenza kwe-injini, kunye nokutshintsha kolwelo. Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthembeka kwezithuthi kunye neenqwelomoya.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukuqukuqela yingcamango esisiseko kwifiziksi kunye nobunjineli echaza intshukumo yolwelo. Ukuqonda ukuhamba kunye neentlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zokulinganisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kubalulekile kumashishini amaninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa. Umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela ochanekileyo uqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nothotyelo lolawulo lweenkqubo kunye neenkqubo. Ngokukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa ukuhamba kunye nesixhobo, amashishini anokufikelela ukulinganisa okuthembekileyo kunye nokuchanekileyo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphuculweyo kunye neziphumo.
Izinzwa zokuqukuqela kunye neemitha zokuhamba ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ine-advan yayotages kunye
disadvantages. Ukuqonda imigaqo yokusebenza kunye neemfuno ezithile zesicelo sakho kuya kukunceda ukhethe esona sixhobo sifanelekileyo sokulinganisa ukuhamba. Nokuba yeyeenkqubo zemizi-mveliso, ulawulo lwamanzi, iinkqubo ze-HVAC, izixhobo zonyango, ukubekw' esweni kokusingqongileyo, okanye usetyenziso lweemoto kunye ne-aerospace, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokuqukuqela ubalulekile ekuphumezeni iziphumo ezizezona zilungileyo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Umbuzo: Kutheni umlinganiselo wokuqukuqela ubalulekile?
A: Umlinganiselo wokuhamba uqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Umbuzo: Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokuhamba?
A: Iindidi eziphambili zokuhamba zibandakanya ukuhamba kwe-laminar, ukuhamba kwesiphithiphithi, ukuhamba kwenguqu, ukuhamba ngokucinezeleka kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, kunye nokuhamba okuzinzileyo nokungazinzanga.
Amaxwebhu / Izibonelelo
 |
Ukuqukuqela koMvambo woluvo A Comprehensive [pdf] Isikhokelo somsebenzisi Ukuqonda Ukuqukuqela Okubanzi, Ukuqondwa, Ukuqukuqela okuBanzi, okuBanzi |