Sensor Kumvetsetsa Kuyenda Kwambiri
Zambiri Zamalonda
Zofotokozera
Chogulitsachi ndi chiwongolero chokwanira pakumvetsetsa kuyenda mufizikiki ndi uinjiniya.
Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zogulitsa
Kodi Flow ndi chiyani?
Kuyenda ndiko kuyenda kwa tinthu tamadzimadzi mkati mwa sing'anga, komwe kumakhudza kuthamanga, kuthamanga, ndi komwe akupita.
Mitundu ya Flow
- Kuyenda kwa Laminar: Kuyenda mosalala komanso mwadongosolo pama liwiro otsika komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu.
- Kuyenda Kwachisokonezo: Kuthamanga kwachisokonezo komanso kusakhazikika pama liwiro okwera komanso ma viscosity otsika.
- Mayendedwe Osinthika: Mkhalidwe wapakati pakati pa kutuluka kwa laminar ndi chipwirikiti.
- Compressible ndi Incompressible Flow: Zotengera kachulukidwe madzimadzi kusintha ndi kuthamanga.
- Kuyenda Kokhazikika ndi Kosakhazikika: Kukhazikika kwa parameter yoyenda pakapita nthawi.
Mayendedwe Oyezera
Kuyeza kwamayendedwe ndikofunikira pakuchita bwino, chitetezo, komanso kutsata malamulo. Njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera kuyenda motengera mitundu yamadzimadzi komanso momwe zinthu zilili.
Njira Zoyezera Mayendedwe:
- Volumetric Flow Rate
- Misa Flow Rate
Ulalo woyambirira: https://sensor1stop.com/knowledge/understanding-flow/
Kumvetsetsa Kuyenda: Chitsogozo Chokwanira
Kuyenda ndi lingaliro lofunikira mufizikiki ndi uinjiniya, kutanthauza kusuntha kwamadzi (madzi kapena mpweya) kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita kwina. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe ambiri, kuchokera kumafakitale ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi kupita ku chilengedwe komanso m'matupi athu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mozama momwe mayendedwe aliri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamayendedwe, momwe amayezera, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Kodi Flow ndi chiyani
Kuyenda kumatanthauzidwa ngati kuyenda kwa tinthu tamadzimadzi mkati mwa sing'anga. Mitundu yoyamba yamadzimadzi ndi yamadzimadzi ndi mpweya. Mayendedwe amatha kufotokozedwa motengera liwiro, kuthamanga, ndi komwe akupita. Kufufuza kwa kayendedwe ka madzi kumaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa momwe madzi amachitira pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana komanso momwe amachitira ndi malo awo.
Mitundu ya Flow
Kuthamanga kungagawidwe m'magulu angapo kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana, monga momwe kayendedwe kamadzimadzi, kayendedwe ka madzi, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndi katundu wamadzimadzi. Nayi mitundu yayikulu yamayendedwe:
Kutuluka kwa Laminar
Kutuluka kwa laminar kumachitika pamene madzi amadzimadzi akuyenda mu zigawo zofanana, popanda kusokoneza pakati pawo. Kuthamanga kwamtunduwu kumadziwika ndi kuyenda kosalala komanso mwadongosolo. Kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi kumakhala kosalekeza nthawi iliyonse mumtsinje wothamanga. Kutuluka kwa laminar kumawonedwa pamayendedwe otsika komanso m'madzi okhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba.
Kuyenda Kwachisokonezo
Kuthamanga kwa chipwirikiti kumadziwika ndi chipwirikiti komanso kuyenda kosakhazikika kwamadzimadzi. Mumayendedwe amtunduwu, tinthu tamadzimadzi timayenda molunjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kusakanikirana ndi kusinthasintha kwa liwiro komanso kuthamanga.
Kuthamanga kwa chipwirikiti kumakhala kofala pamayendedwe othamanga kwambiri komanso m'madzi okhala ndi mamasukidwe ochepa. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa muzochitika zachilengedwe monga mafunde a mitsinje ndi mafunde a mumlengalenga.
Kusintha kwa Kusintha
Transitional flow ndi chikhalidwe chapakati pakati pa kutuluka kwa laminar ndi chipwirikiti. Zimachitika pamene kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga kuli kokwanira kusokoneza kutuluka kwa laminar koma sikukwanira kupititsa patsogolo chipwirikiti. Kuthamanga kwapakati nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa pakuyenda kwa mapaipi ndi zigawo zamalire.
Compressible ndi Incompressible Flow
Compressible kutuluka kumachitika pamene kachulukidwe kamadzimadzi kamasintha kwambiri ndi kuthamanga. Mayendedwe amtunduwu amapezeka m'mipweya, makamaka pa liwiro lalitali komanso pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyana siyana. Kuthamanga kosasunthika, kumbali ina, kumaganiza kuti kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi kumakhalabe kosasintha. Lingaliro ili nthawi zambiri limakhala lovomerezeka pazamadzimadzi komanso kuyenda kwamafuta otsika kwambiri.
Kuyenda Kokhazikika ndi Kosakhazikika
Kuyenda kosasunthika kumatanthauza kuti magawo oyenda (kuthamanga, kuthamanga, ndi kachulukidwe) samasintha ndi nthawi nthawi iliyonse yamadzimadzi. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuyenda kosakhazikika kumachitika pamene magawowa amasiyana ndi nthawi.
Mayendedwe Oyezera
Kuyeza kuyenda ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire bwino, chitetezo, komanso kuwongolera
kutsata. Muyezo woyenda umaphatikizapo kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe akudutsa pa mfundo imodzi mu nthawi yoperekedwa. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo kuyeza otaya, aliyense oyenera mitundu yeniyeni ya madzimadzi ndi otaya mikhalidwe.
Njira Zoyezera Mayendedwe
Volumetric Flow Rate
Volumetric flow rate ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amadutsa pa point pa nthawi ya unit. Nthawi zambiri amayezedwa mu ma kiyubiki mita pa sekondi (m³/s) kapena malita pamphindi (L/min). Zipangizo monga ma rotameters, ma turbine flow metre, ndi ma mita osunthika abwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera kuchuluka kwa ma volumetric.
Misa Flow Rate
Kuchuluka kwa madzi othamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amadutsa pa point pa nthawi ya unit. Nthawi zambiri amayezedwa mu kilogalamu pa sekondi imodzi (kg/s) kapena mapaundi pa ola (lb/h). Mamita othamanga a Coriolis ndi ma thermal mass flow metre amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe.
Mayendedwe Othamanga
Kuthamanga kwa liwiro kumayesa liwiro lomwe tinthu tamadzimadzi tikuyenda. Nthawi zambiri amayezedwa ndi mita pa sekondi imodzi (m/s). Zipangizo monga machubu a pitot, ma ultrasonic flow metre, ndi ma electromagnetic flow metre angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga kwakuyenda.
Zida Zoyezera Zomwe Zimayendera
Orifice Plates
Ma mbale a Orifice ndi zida zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga popanga kutsika kwapanikizidwe panjira yoletsa kuyenda. Kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kumayenderana ndi kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga.
Machubu a Venturi
Machubu a Venturi amayezera kuthamanga mwa kuchepetsa gawo lozungulira la njira yodutsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kwamphamvu komwe kungagwirizane ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga. Amadziwika kuti ndi olondola kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri.
Zozungulira
Ma rotameters ndi ma flow flow meters omwe amayezera kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe potengera malo oyandama mkati mwa chubu chopindika. Kuyandama kumakwera ndi kugwa ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndipo malo ake amasonyeza kuthamanga kwake.
Turbine Flow Meters
Ma turbine flow meters amayezera kuthamanga kwa turbine pozindikira kuthamanga kwa turbine yomwe imayikidwa munjira yoyenda. Kuthamanga kozungulira kumayenderana ndi liwiro loyenda.
Magetsi Akuyenda Mamita
Electromagnetic flow meters amayezera kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe pozindikira voltage amapangidwa ngati ma conductive madzimadzi akuyenda kudzera mu mphamvu ya maginito. Voltage ndi molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe.
Akupanga Flow Meters
Akupanga ma flow metre amayezera kuthamanga kwa mafunde pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: ma transittime flow metres, omwe amayesa kusiyana kwa nthawi pakati pa mafunde a kumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje, ndi ma Doppler flow metre, omwe amayesa kusuntha kwa mafunde omwe amawonetsedwa ndi tinthu tamadzimadzi.
Coriolis Flow Meters
Mamita othamanga a Coriolis amayezera kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe pozindikira mphamvu ya Coriolis yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa chubu chonjenjemera ndi madzi oyenda. Kusintha kwa gawo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya Coriolis kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Flow Measurement
Kuyeza kwamayendedwe ndikofunikira m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito. Nawa madera ena ofunikira komwe kuyeza kolondola koyenda ndikofunikira:
Njira Zamakampani
Muzochita zamakampani, kuyeza koyenda kumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa zida ndi njira. Kuyeza kolondola koyenda kumathandiza kuti ntchito ikhale yogwira mtima, yodalirika komanso yotetezeka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala, kupanga mafuta ndi gasi, komanso kupanga zakudya ndi zakumwa.
Kusamalira Madzi ndi Madzi Onyansa
Kuyeza kwa madzi ndi kofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi ndi madzi oipa poyang'anira ndi kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka madzi, kuwonetsetsa kuti malamulo akutsatiridwa, ndi kukonza njira zochizira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ogawa madzi, malo opangira madzi otayira, komanso njira zothirira.
HVAC Systems
M'makina otenthetsera, mpweya wabwino, ndi mpweya (HVAC), kuyeza koyenda kumatsimikizira kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi kugawa kwamadzimadzi. Zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi malo omasuka m'nyumba, kukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kupewa kusokonezeka kwadongosolo.
Zida Zachipatala
Kuyeza kwakuyenda ndikofunikira pazida zamankhwala monga ma ventilator, makina opangira opaleshoni, ndi zowunikira magazi. Kuyeza kolondola koyenda kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha odwala komanso chithandizo chamankhwala.
Kuyang'anira Zachilengedwe
Muyezo woyenda umagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika zachilengedwe powunika momwe madzi alili, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, komanso kuipitsidwa. Zimathandizira kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera zovuta zachilengedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malamulo akutsatira.
Magalimoto ndi Azamlengalenga
M'mafakitale amagalimoto ndi ndege, kuyeza koyenda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndi kuwongolera momwe mafuta amagwiritsidwira ntchito, momwe injini imagwirira ntchito, komanso mphamvu yamadzimadzi. Imaonetsetsa kuti magalimoto ndi ndege zikuyenda bwino, zotetezeka komanso zodalirika.
Mapeto
Flow ndi lingaliro lofunikira mu physics ndi engineering lomwe limafotokoza kayendedwe ka madzi. Kumvetsetsa kayendedwe kake ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana, njira zoyezera, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikofunikira pamafakitale ambiri ndi ntchito. Kuyeza kolondola kwamayendedwe kumawonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, ndi kutsata malamulo amachitidwe ndi machitidwe. Posankha njira yoyenera yoyezera kuthamanga ndi chipangizo, mafakitale amatha kukwaniritsa kuyeza kodalirika komanso kolondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino komanso zotsatira zake.
Masensa akuyenda ndi ma flow meters amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, iliyonse ili ndi advan yaketages ndi
disadvantages. Kumvetsetsa mfundo zogwirira ntchito ndi zofunikira zenizeni za ntchito yanu kudzakuthandizani kusankha chipangizo choyenera kwambiri choyezera. Kaya ndi njira zama mafakitale, kasamalidwe ka madzi, makina a HVAC, zida zamankhwala, kuyang'anira chilengedwe, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ndi ndege, kuyeza kolondola ndikofunikira kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Q: N’chifukwa chiyani kuyeza kwake n’kofunika?
A: Kuyezetsa koyenda kumawonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, ndi kutsata malamulo pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.
Q: Ndi mitundu iti ikuluikulu yamayendedwe?
A: Mitundu ikuluikulu ya kayendedwe kake imaphatikizapo kutuluka kwa laminar, kutuluka kwa chipwirikiti, kutuluka kwaposachedwa, kuyenda kosunthika komanso kosasunthika, komanso kuyenda kosasunthika komanso kosakhazikika.
Zolemba / Zothandizira
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Sensor Kumvetsetsa Kuyenda Kwambiri [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito Kumvetsetsa Kuyenda Kwambiri, Kumvetsetsa, Kuyenda Kwambiri, Kumveka |