Ho netefatsa Litšebeletso tsa Mehala ka Thuso ea Nako e sa Lekaneng ea Nako
Tšehetsa White Pampiri

Selelekela

Microchip ke moetapele ea tsebahalang oa boqapi ba mahlale a nako a lumellang lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang tse fumanehang haholo. Sena se bonahala ka Assisted Partial Timing Support (APTS) le Automatic Asymmetry Compensation (AAC), lisebelisoa tse peli tse matla tse tiisetsang ts'ebetso ea marang-rang ea 4G le 5G e tsoetseng pele. Lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa, joalo ka lits'ebeletso tsa tšohanyetso le likoloi tse hoketsoeng, li hloka hore marang-rang a mehala e be teng kamehla. Phihlello e joalo e tiisitsoeng e hloka hore ho be le tšubuhlellano ea libaka tsa phihlello tsa seea-le-moea, lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa li-antenna, le mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ho laola tšitiso e itšetlehileng ka tokiso e thata lipakeng tsa Radio Units (RU). Ho fihlela morao tjena, basebetsi ba ne ba itšetlehile feela ka GNSS bakeng sa nako e thehiloeng ho nako ho tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea Time Division Duplex (TDD) empa GNSS ha e fumanehe kamehla. GNSS e ka ba kotsing ea ho jamming kapa spoofing. Ho fokotsa ho pepesehela liketsahalo tse joalo, le ho boloka taolo ea lits'ebeletso tsa nako, basebelisi ba sebelisa Precision Time Protocol (PTP) ho fana ka lintlha tsa mohato mme ka hona ba tiisetsa ts'ebeletso ea mohala. Leha ho le joalo, li-asymmetries tse amang ts'ebetso ea PTP haholo li teng marang-rang a lipalangoang. APTS le AAC li fokotsa liphello tsena tsa marang-rang 'me li bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea marang-rang a 4G / 5G.

Kamahanyo e Tsamaisa Dikopo tsa Mobile

Ho netefatsa phano ea mantlha lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa mantlha le ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse tsoelang pele tsa boleng bo holimo, lebelo le mohato oa lioache tsa seea-le-moea li tlameha ho hokahanngoa ka hloko.
Ts'ebetso ena ea ho hokahanya e tobane le theknoloji ea seea-le-moea e sebelisoang. Bakeng sa marang-rang a thekeng a LTE FDD, khokahano ea maqhubu a li-inter-cell sehokelong sa moea lipakeng tsa liteishene tsa boahisani e tlameha ho ba kahara ± 50 ppb ea referense e tloaelehileng. Ho fihlela tlhokahalo ena, lets'oao la maqhubu seteisheneng se tlameha ho ba ka har'a phoso e lumelletsoeng ea ± 16 ppb. Marang-rang a thehiloeng mohatong oa LTE-TDD a hlalositsoe ka boholo ba ±1.5 µs tsa Nako ea Phoso (TE) lipakeng tsa maqhubu a seea-le-moea-le-moea-le-moea-pono le Phoso ea Nako ea ho qetela-ho-qetellong e lumelletsoeng ho tloha ho UTC (oache e boletsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara) ho ea ho RU ke ± 1.1 µs. Tekanyetso ena ea Phoso ea Nako e kenyelletsa ho se nepahale ha lioache le ho lieha ha marang-rang ka tšohanyetso ka lebaka la node ea lipalangoang kapa lerata la lihokelo, tseo kaofela li ka bakang asymmetry ea marang-rang. Marang-rang a lipalangoang a abetsoe ±1 µs ea kakaretso ea Phoso ea Nako e lumelletsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, marang-rang a lipalangoang a fapane ebile a matla; li fetoha ho latela liphetoho tsa mahlale a sebelisoang, palo ea batho le mekhoa ea tšebeliso. Sena se eketsa lera le leng la ho rarahana ha ho etsoa moralo oa lioache, hobane leano la khokahano bakeng sa marang-rang a sejoale-joale a mehala e tlameha ho etsoa ka thata le ho tenyetseha.

Kamahanyo Architectures

Marang-rang a marang-rang a amahanngoang a sebelisa matšoao a nako ea 'mele ka tloaelo a qapiloe joalo ka litsamaiso tse nang le boima bo bohareng. Oache ea mohloli o bohareng e hlahisa maqhubu a phatlalatsoang hop-by-hop holim'a likarolo tsa marang-rang a lipalangoang ho isa ts'ebetsong ea ho qetela, tabeng ena liteishene tsa motheo tsa FDD.
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, marang-rang a thelefono a fetohile ho tloha ho TDM ho ea ho IP / Ethernet 'me a nkela sebaka sa ho hokahanya ha lesela ka lisebelisoa tse nang le pontšo ea nako e sebelisang Precision Time Protocol (PTP) ho likarolo tsa IP / Ethernet. Leqhubu la pele la li-deployments tsa PTP e ne e le tsa likopo tsa FDD, 'me PTP e se e kentsoe ts'ebetsong ka katleho ka lioache tsa PPT Grandmaster, tse kang Microchip TP5000 le TP4100 tse kentsoeng marang-rang a makholo a selefouno lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ka mokhoa o ntseng o eketseha, ho amoheloa ha lits'ebeletso tsa 5G ho tsamaisa marang-rang a thelefono a moloko o latelang ho sebelisa lits'ebetso tse thehiloeng ho pharalletseng tse kentsoeng molemong oa marang-rang a mehala. Ka lebaka leo, ho na le phalliso ho tloha lioacheng tsa Grandmaster tse etselitsoeng ho romelloa khafetsa ho ea ho Primary Reference Time Clocks (PRTCs, G.8272), tse hlokang tlhahiso ea GNSS kapa PTP le tse sebelisang PTP pro e khethehileng.files.
Mehaho ea marang-rang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsena tse thehiloeng ho mekhahlelo e fapane ka mokhoa o potelletseng le e etselitsoeng khafetsa. Li-PRTC tse kentsoeng mohahong o ajoang haholoanyane haufi le moeli oa marang-rang li lokela ho tšehetsoa ke PRTC/ePRTC (e ntlafalitsoeng Primary Reference Time Clock) e ka hlahisang le ho boloka nako ka nako e telele.

Likhetho tsa Kamano bakeng sa Mobile Edge ho Phase Networks

Ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa khafetsa ho sebelisa PTP hangata ho romelloa sebakeng sa RAN aggregation point, hop tse 'maloa ho tloha RU. Phetiso ea khafetsa e na le elasticity ea tlhaho e nolofalletsang phatlalatso holim'a marang-rang a tšoanang ka kholiseho ha feela ho lateloa tataiso ea boenjiniere e hlophisitsoeng hantle.
Phano ea lits'ebeletso tse ka lateloang ho fihlela ho UTC e felletseng (nako e hokahaneng ea bokahohle) e entsoe ho latela meeli ea tekanyetso ea Nako ea Phoso e behiloeng ke 3GPP (bakeng sa li-interfaces tsa seea-le-moea) le ITU-T bakeng sa likhokahano tsa marang-rang le lioache tsa litšupiso. Leha ho le joalo, le hoja ho fana ka makhetlo a mangata ho sebelisoa PTP ho utloisisoa hantle, ho tšoana ha ho hlile ha ho joalo mabapi le ho fetisoa ha nako ea nako ho sebelisa PTP. Ho romela timecode ka har'a marang-rang a pakete a asynchronous ka lerata la tlhaho le ho lieha ho fana ka khokahano ka har'a ± 1.1 µs Phoso ea Nako e amanang le UTC e ka ba phephetso e kholo.
Ho na le mekhoa e meraro ea ho rarolla bothata bona:

• Tharollo A: GNSS
  - Opareitara e ka tsamaisa GNSS ho eNB e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe.
  - Meeli: ENB e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tlameha ho ba le GNSS, 'me antenna ea GNSS e tlameha ho ba le mola o sa khaotseng oa pono ho lets'oao la satellite. Line of Sight (LoS) ha se kamehla e ka khonehang hobane view ea sathelaete e ka thijoa, joalo ka limela, ke meriti e bakoang ke meaho e phahameng haholo (karolo ea litoropo), kapa hobane eNB e sebelisoa ka tlas'a lefatše kapa ka tlung. Ubiquitous GNSS le eona e ka bitsa chelete e ngata ho latela pono ea OPEX.
• Tharollo B: Lioache tsa Moeli oa Nako tse Kenyelitsoeng (T-BC)
  - Bakeng sa meralo ena, marang-rang a lipalangoang a tlameha ho etsoa ka "hardware-based dejitter function" e tsejoang ka hore ke Time Boundary Clock (T-BC) e kentsoeng NEE e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Moaho ona o kenyelletsa mohopolo oa "Primary Reference Time Clock" (vPRTC) moo lioache tsa moamoheli oa GNSS li leng libakeng tse bohareng.
  - Meeli: Thepa ea T-BC le software li tlameha ho romelloa sebakeng se seng le se seng sa lipalangoang ho ketane ea oache, eo hangata e hlokang potoloho e boima ea matsete a marang-rang. Esita le ha e romelloa ho NE e 'ngoe le e' ngoe BC ha e hlile ha e tiise hore letšoao la nako le tla ba ka har'a tlhaloso e hlokahalang ntle le haeba marang-rang a entsoe ka hloko ho netefatsa hore ha ho na hop-to-hop asymmetry ho li-link.
• Tharollo C: PRTC e ajoang
  - Lightweight PRTC e ka isoa moeling oa marang-rang ho fokotsa palo ea hop pakeng tsa oache le eNB e le hore nako e thehiloeng ka mekhahlelo e sebelisang PTP e ka fihla ho eNB ka har'a meeli e khothalletsoang ± 1.1 µs Nako ea Phoso ea Nako.
  - Meeli: E hloka matsete a lioache tse bobebe tse kentsoeng moeling oa marang-rang
  - moralo o mocha oa nako o phatlalalitsoeng.

Har'a litharollo tse tharo tse ka holimo, ho fumana PRTC haufi le eNB ho ka thusa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ha ho bapisoa le ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa T-BC ho NE e 'ngoe le e' ngoe kapa ho kenya GNSS sebakeng se seng le se seng sa lisele. Litšenyehelo e tla ba ntlha ea bohlokoa ka ho fetesisa ha u rera ho holisa eNB bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa LTE-A le 5G.
Ka Khothaletso ea G.8275 ITU-T e hlokometse hore litlhokahalo tse thata tsa nako ea Phoso ea Nako ho eNB li entse hore ho be thata ho kenya lioache tsa PRTC tse bohareng le ka nako e ts'oanang li netefatsa ho sebetsa ha lets'oao la mohato ts'ebetsong ea ho qetela. Ho tsamaisa PRTC haufi le kopo ea ho qetela ho fokotsa monyetla oa hore lerata le asymmetry ho tloha ho lipalangoang tsa marang-rang li tla ama phallo ea PTP hampe, empa hape ho na le tšusumetso ho sebopeho-factor le litlhoko tsa bokhoni ba PRTC.
Ka Keletso ea G.8275, ITU-T e hlokometse hore litlhokahalo tse thata tsa nako ea Phoso ea Nako ho eNB li entse hore ho be thata ho kenya lioache tsa PRTC tse bohareng le ka nako e ts'oanang li netefatsa ho sebetsa ha lets'oao la mohato ts'ebetsong ea ho qetela. Ho tsamaisa PRTC haufi le kopo ea ho qetela ho fokotsa monyetla oa hore lerata le asymmetry tse tsoang ho lipalangoang tsa marang-rang li tla ama phallo ea PTP hampe, empa hape li na le tšusumetso ho sebopeho sa sebopeho le litlhoko tsa bokhoni ba PRTC.
Motheong oa marang-rang moo ho hlokahalang nako e nepahetseng ka ho fetisisa le ho ts'oaroa ho hoholo, lisebelisoa tsa ho koala li ka kenyelletsa ePRTC e phahameng, e nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ka lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa rubidium le ePRC cesium tse sa lokelang ho romelloa moeling oa marang-rang.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, PRTC e ajoa e ka ba nyane haholo ebile ea theko e tlase haholo.
Setšoantšo sa 3-1. Keletso ea ITU-T G.8275 - PRTC E Ikemiselitsoe ho Network Edge Tsela ea Pele / Tsela ea ho boloka
Optinal Frequency Reference e sebelisoang ho boloka liphoso tsa GNSS
Hlokomela: T-GM e hokahane le PRTC kahong ena
Leha ho le joalo, PRTC e nyane e ajoang pheletsong ea marang-rang joalo ka ha litsamaiso tse ikemetseng ntle le khokahano ea nako ho ea mantlha li arohane le lioache tse bohareng tse holimo. Sena e ka ba bothata bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele haeba sesebelisoa se lahleheloa ke khokahanyo ea GNSS kaha li-oscillator tse sebelisoang ho PRTC e nyane joalo ka tloaelo li ke ke tsa khona ho fana ka chelete e ngata ho ± 100 ns boemo ba ho nepahala.
Ho ts'oara ± 100 ns ka nako e telele ke sebaka sa li-oscillator tse sebetsang hantle eseng tsa OCXO kapa TCXO tse theko e tlaase tse fumanoang ka lisebelisoa tse bohale. Hang ha tlhahiso ea GNSS e lahlehile, joale PRTC e nang le li-oscillator tse joalo e tla hoholeha kapele ka ntle ho ±100 ns tlhaloso. Sena se bontšoa litšoantšong tse peli tse latelang.

• Haeba Oscillator e lelera, tlhahiso ea PTP e lahleheloa ke nako ea nako

Maemong a tloaelehileng hang ha GNSS e lahlehile, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe ka holimo, PRTC hang-hang e bontša tahlehelo ea khokahanyo ea GNSS ho bareki ba khomaretsoeng. Sena se na le litlamorao bakeng sa eNB. Ts'ebetsong tse ling tsa bareki, hang ha khokahano ea GNSS ea lets'oao la PRTC e lahleha (ka ho romella folakha ea clockClass7, bakeng sa ex.ample), moreki o tla etsa hore hang-hang phallo ea PTP e se ke ea tšoaneleha ebe o kena ka har'a "holdover" e ipapisitseng le oscillator e kahare ea sesebelisoa sa radio.
Boemong bona, haeba oscillator ea RU e na le oscillator e theko e tlaase, e ke ke ea khona ho lula ka har'a ± 1.1 µs ea UTC ka nako e fetang metsotso e seng mekae. Li-RU tsohle tse hanelang lets'oao la PTP le kenang li tla hoholeha ka bohona. Ba tla hlahlathela ka potlako hobane li-oscillator ho eNB e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li tla itšoara ka tsela e fapaneng le lithibelo tsa motho ka mong tsa tikoloho le lebelo, tataiso le botsitso ba ho bokella Nako ea Phoso e tla fapana bakeng sa RU ka 'ngoe. Ho feta moo, liea-le-moea tsena li tla tsoela pele ho hlahisa RF 'me sena se tla kenya letsoho ho tšitiso e ntseng e eketseha le e sa laoleheng bakeng sa RU e meng e sebetsang tikolohong e tsoang ho basebetsi ba tšoanang kapa ba bang.

Thuso ea Tšehetso ea Nako e sa Feleng

Ho qoba boemo boo moeli oa PRTC o arohaneng le haeba ho hlōleha ha GNSS ha ho sa khona ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa mekhahlelo, Microchip e ile ea hlahisa khopolo ea ho hokahanya PRTC le lioache tsa mantlha tse bohareng ho sebelisa phallo ea PTP. Khopolo ena e ile ea amoheloa ke ITU-T 'me ea lumelloa e le Keletso G.8273.4 - Thuso ea Nako ea Nako e Thusang.
Moahong ona, phallo ea PTP e kenang ke linakoampe hlophisitsoeng ke GNSS e sebelisoang ke PRTC ea mantlha.
Phallo ea PTP ho tloha ho PRTC ea mantlha ho ea moeling oa PRTC e lokiselitsoe e le protocol ea unicast, G.8265.1 kapa G.8275.2. Kenyelletso ea PTP e lekantsoe bakeng sa Phoso ea Nako ho sebelisoa PRTC GNSS ea lehae. GNSS ena e na le tšupiso (UTC) e tšoanang le ea GNSS e holimo. Phallo e kenang ea PTP e ka nkuoa e le lets'oao la proxy la GNSS ho tloha mantlha le nang le traceability ho UTC.
Haeba sistimi ea GNSS e felloa ke ts'ebeletso ka lebaka lefe kapa lefe, moeli oa PRTC o ka oela ho phallo e kenang ea PTP e lekanyelitsoeng e le tšupiso ea nako, 'me e tsoelepele ho hlahisa nako ea PTP.amptse tsamaellanang le GNSS.
Re ka bona sena ka ho hlaka setšoantšong se latelang.
Setšoantšo sa 4-1. PTP APTS E Phalla e le Backup bakeng sa Edge PTRTC

1. GNSS ka bobeli e bua ka nako e le 'ngoe (ho)
2. Sehlahisoa sa PTP se sebelisa Edge PRTC GNSS bakeng sa tlhahiso ea PTP

Polelo ea semmuso ea ITU-T ea meralo ea G.8273.4 e bonts'oa setšoantšong se latelang.
Setšoantšo sa 4-2. ITU-T G.8273.4 Thuso ea Tšehetso ea Nako ea Nako e sa Feleng Meaho

Ts'ebetso ea APTS ka botlalo

Ts'ebetso ea APTS ke mohopolo o bonolo:

• PRTC ea mantlha le PRTC ea mantlha li na le kenyelletso ea GNSS e lebisitsoeng ho nako ea UTC.
• PRTC T-GM ea mantlha e fana ka nako ea PTPamps ho ea moeling o tlase oa PRTC/GM oache o sebelisa multicast kapa unicast PTP profile.
• PRTC e bapisa linako tsa PTPamp ho isa nakong ea sebaka sa GNSS.
• Maqhubu a PRTC a bokella tlhahisoleseling mabapi le phallo ea PTP ho tloha linakong tsa PTPamps le ho tsoa lipuisanong tsa melaetsa le PRTC ea mantlha. Ka hona e utloisisa tieho e akaretsang le Phoso ea Nako tseleng eo e ikhethileng ea PTP.
• Moeli o lekanya phallo e kenang ea PTP ka ho lefella Phoso ea Nako e bokelletsoeng hore joale e lekana le nako ea sebaka sa GNSS.

Mokhoa ona o bontšoa setšoantšong se latelang. Sena se bontša hore GNSS ea lehae e "nakong ea 0". Phoso ea Nako ho phallo e kenang ea PTP e tlosoa ho sebelisoa tšupiso ea GNSS ka hona ha e "nakong ea 0."
Setšoantšo sa 5-1. APTS G.8273.4: Phallo e Kenang ea PTP e Lekanyelitsoe Phoso ea NakoHang ha algorithm ea ATS e sebetsa, phallo e kenang ea PTP e ka sebelisoa e le moemeli oa GNSS e holimo. Haeba GNSS ho PRTC ea lehae e lahleha, sistimi e tla sebelisa phallo e kenang ea APTS e lekanyelitsoeng joalo ka oache ea litšupiso. Sena se bontšoa setšoantšong se latelang.
Setšoantšo sa 5-2. APTS/G.8273.4: Haeba GNSS e Lahlehile, Kenyeletso e Lekanyelitsoeng ea PTP e ka Sebelisoa ho Boloka Nako ea Tšebeliso.Leha ho le joalo ka APTS, leha ho le joalo, haeba GNSS e lula e khaotsoe, joale oscillator ea sistimi e tla suthela hole le tlhoko ea ±100 ns PRTC haeba asymmetry pro.file e sa lekanyetsoang pele e hlahisoa ka tsela ea nako ea PTP APTS.
Bofokoli bo bong bo boholo ba ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng ea APTS (G.8273.4) ke hore haeba tsela ea PTP e tsamaisoa hape ha GNSS e sa sebetse, tsamaiso e ke ke ea ba le tsebo ea Phoso ea Nako tseleng e ncha.
Ka mantsoe a mang, ka mokhoa oa ITU-T, APTS ha e lumellane le tokisetso ea marang-rang e amang phallo ea PTP e kenang. Empa, marang-rang a sejoale-joale a OTN- kapa MPLS a ka ba matla haholo ka ho hlophisoa bocha ha litsela tsa marang-rang. Sena e ka ba bothata ka ho hlaka bakeng sa phallo ea PTP e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa tsela e le 'ngoe e tsitsitseng.

Resiliency ea Boenjiniere - Tšireletso Khahlanong le PTP Input Path Rearrangement

Tsamaiso ea ho qetela ea PTP e ka etsoa hore e be matla haholoanyane ka ho lekanya tsela e fetang e le 'ngoe ea PTP moeling oa PRTC.
Leha ho le joalo, khothaletso ea G.8273.4 e laela feela hore lintlha tse ling tsa PTP li lokisoe khafetsa, li se ke tsa lekanyetsoa bakeng sa Phoso ea Nako.
Le ha ho lekanya khafetsa ho ka thusa ho tsitsisa oscillator ea PRTC, ha se setšoantšo sa 'nete sa PRTC e holimo se hlokang hore ho buuoe ka UTC. Ntle le ho lokisoa ha Phoso ea Nako ho phallo e fetang e le 'ngoe ea PTP, mokhoa oa ho koala oa PTP o kotsing ea liphetoho tse matla tsa marang-rang tse tloaelehileng tsa marang-rang a mehleng ea kajeno. Ha marang-rang a hlophisa bocha litsela tsa PTP, tsamaiso ea moeli e tla lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba ho latela Phoso ea Nako le ho lefella ho latela. Ka lebaka leo, PRTC e tla suthela hōle le moeli oa ± 100 ns ka makhetlo a mangata feela a lefshoang ho feta ka phallo ea PTP e lekantsoeng hantle Phoso ea Nako.
Sena se bontšoa litšoantšong tse peli tse latelang.
Setšoantšo sa 6-1. G.8273.4: Phallo ea Bobeli ea PTP ke Frequency FeelaSetšoantšo sa 6-2. Oscillator e Laolehileng ka ho Fetisisa e Tla Hoholeha ka Potlako ho Tloha moeling o Amoheletsoeng oa PRTC TE oa ±100 ns.Joalokaha ho ka bonoa ka holimo, ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng e nka hore marang-rang a tsitsitse le hore PRTC e tla lula e khona ho itšetleha ka phallo ea PTP e kenang ho fana ka oache ea boitsebiso. Leha ho le joalo, marang-rang a sejoale-joale a asynchronous packet a na le matla; Litlhophiso tsa marang-rang li tloaelehile haholo 'me litsela tsa PTP li ka fetoha ebile lia fetoha. E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mantlha ea marang-rang a MPLS kapa OTN, ha e le hantle, ke litsela tse se nang moeli ntle le ho boloka litsela tse ling kapa ho fana ka bandwidth e eketsehileng marang-rang. Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khafetsa, sena e kanna ea se be bothata bo boholo, ho latela palo ea li-hops tseo lipakete tsa PTP li lokelang ho li tšela. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea mohato e itšetlehileng ka Phoso ea Nako e entsoeng hantle, phetoho ea tsela bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding ea nako ea phallo ea PTP e ka ba bothata. Lebaka ke hobane tsela e ncha e tla ba le Phoso ea Nako e fapaneng le tsela ea mantlha.
Microchip e rarollotse bothata bona ka ho ntlafatsa maemo a G.8273.4 ka Automatic Asymmetry Compensation (AAC), mokhoa o nang le tokelo ea molao o lumellang matšeliso a Nako ea Phoso ho fihlela litseleng tse 32 tsa PTP ka mohloli oa oache oa PRTC.

 Matšeliso a Asymmetry (AAC)

Automatic Asymmetry Compensation joalokaha e sebelisoa ke Microchip e ntlafatsa haholo algorithm e tloaelehileng ea ATS. Setšoantšo se latelang se bontša setšoantšo se bonolo sa AAC.
Setšoantšo sa 7-1. APTS + AAC (Automatic Asymmetry Compensation)Joalokaha re buile ka holimo, ka G.8273.4 tsamaiso e lekanya tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho kenya PTP. Tlas'a maemo ana, tlhahlobo ea Phoso ea Nako e sebetsa feela haeba tsela e lekantsoeng e sebetsa. Haeba tsela e lipakeng tsa mantlha le moeli oa PRTC e ka fetoha tlas'a tlhophiso bocha, Phoso ea Nako e tla fetoha 'me mats'eliso a tsela kapa calibration ha e sa sebetsa.
Ka Automatic Asymmetry Compensation ho tloha Microchip, mokhoa oa ho kenya PTP Nako ea Phoso Tafole e hlokometsoe ke moeli oa tsamaiso ea PRTC bakeng sa phallo ea PTP ea ho kenya 32. Tsela e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e amahanngoa le mong'a PTP ea fanang ka phallo e sebetsang. Ho feta moo, tabeng ea Microchip edge PRTC le lioache tsa heke, bareki ba bangata ba ka sebetsa tsamaisong e le 'ngoe, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le bokhoni ba ho lekanya litsela tse fihlang ho tse 32 bakeng sa Phoso ea Nako.

Tokiso ea Asymmetry e lula e Buletsoe ebile e Matla

Hobane phallo ea PTP e lekantsoe, ha ho bolele hore e fana ka tokiso ho phallo ea PTP.
Haeba GNSS e tsamaisa sephetho sa mohato/nako, sephetho se tsamaisoa ke GNSS eseng phallo e kenang ea PTP. Ntlha ea bohlokoa mona ke hore bokhoni ba ho hlahisa likhakanyo tsa tafole ea asymmetry le ho ba le tsela e lekantsoeng ha e amane ka ho feletseng le hore na tsela ea hona joale ea PTP e khanna tlhahiso kapa che. Ka mantsoe a mang, ATS + AAC e lula e sebetsa, ho sa tsotellehe boemo ba tsamaiso ea sebaka seo, ho kenyeletsa le GNSS.
Tlhokomeliso: Ho ba le litsela tse kentsoeng tafoleng ea TE ha ho hlile ha ho tiise hore PRTC e ka morao ("ka nako ena") e khona ho fana ka matšeliso a asymmetry. Bokhoni ba ho fana ka matšeliso a asymmetry bo hlalosoa feela e le: "Haeba (mme feela haeba) phallo ea hona joale ea PTP e 'nile ea saena le ho kena tafoleng, joale ('me feela ka nako eo) hona joale re khona ho lefella asymmetry."
Ha e ntse e tsoela pele ho sebetsa, ts'ebetso ea AAC e theha nalane e nolofalletsang sistimi ho hopola se kileng sa bonoa. Kenyelletso ea litafole bakeng sa tokiso ea asymmetry e etsa polokelo ea boitsebiso e bolokang lintlha ka litsela tsa PTP tse amanang le ID ea oache e ikhethang ea mohloli oa PRTC. Ho feta moo, keno e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le tekeno e sebelisoang bakeng sa tsela eo ha GNSS e le sieo. Hang ha e se e khethiloe, asymmetry le offset e bolokiloeng (Nako ea Phoso) e amanang le tsela eo e sebelisoa nako le nako ha ho bonoa tekeno e itseng.
Ho hlophisoa bocha ha marang-rang ho ka ama ho kenya letsoho ha PTP kaha ho ka baka phetoho e kholo litšoanelehong tsa phallo ea PTP, joalo ka tahlehelo e felletseng ea phallo, phetoho ea litšoaneleho tsa lerata, kapa phetoho ea nako ea ho khutla. Ha phetoho e joalo ea bohlokoa e etsahala phallong e kenang ea PTP, e hloka ho hlahlojoa hape, ebe, haeba ho finyelloa mekhoa e nepahetseng, e ka fetoha tsela e lekantsoeng. Ehlile, likenyelletso tse ncha tsa tsela ea asymmetry li ke ke tsa etsoa ntle le ho fumaneha ha GNSS (e fanang ka referense ea calibration).
Setšoantšo sa 8-1. Microchip APTS + AAC - Litsela tsohle tsa PTP li lekantsoe 

Boitšoaro ha Tsela e sa Lekanyetsoa bakeng sa Phoso ea Nako

Haeba tlhahiso ea PTP e tsamaisa karolo ea PTP / nako, phetoho ea mohato ho referense ea UTC e tla etsahala haeba (hafeela) tlhahiso e le tsela e lekantsoeng. Haeba tsela ea PTP e sa lokisoa bakeng sa Phoso ea Nako ho sebelisoa GNSS, ho tla sebelisoa feela liphetoho tsa khafetsa.
Boitšoaro bona bo sireletsa liphello tsa karolo / nako hore li se ke tsa angoa ke PTP asymmetry e sa tsejoeng, e neng e tla etsahala haeba liphetoho tsa mohato / nako li itšetlehile ka tsela ea PTP e neng e sa lekanngoa bakeng sa Phoso ea Nako.

ExampLethathamo la ts'ebetso ea APTS AAC

Nahana ka boemo bo latelang:
Sistimi e qala e sebetsa le GNSS le PTP, ka Microchip AAC tšobotsi ea asymmetry e khona ho sebetsa ka bo eona. GNSS e tsamaisa liphetho tsa PTP. Liphetho tsohle li ho t0 (nako ea zero).
Nka hore tsela ea hajoale ea PTP e na le tokiso (Phoso ea Nako ka lebaka la asymmetry) ea +3 µs. Sena se fetoha tsela e lekantsoeng.
Tsela e lekantsoe hobane tokiso ea asymmetry (Time Error compensation) e sebelisoa ka bo eona ha GNSS e ntse e sebetsa.
GNSS e ea lahleha, kahoo tsela ea ho kenya PTP e nang le tokiso e lekantsoeng ea offset ea +3 µs ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e kenyang 'me e tsamaisa phallo ea karolo.
Joale nka hore ho na le phetoho tseleng ea ho kenya PTP e bakoang ke ts'ebetso e 'ngoe ea ho hlophisa bocha marang-rang, joalo ka ho khaola fiber. Tabeng ena, ho hlaha tshaeno e ncha e fapaneng ka ho feletseng ea PTP (bakeng sa mohlalaample, phetoho ea nako ea ho ea le ho khutla).
Hona joale ho na le maemo a mabeli a ka khonehang:

1. Haeba sistimi e sebelisa G,8273.4 ho latela maemo.
   a. Kaha GNSS ha e fumanehe ho theha asymmetry e amanang le tsela e ncha, e ke ke ea lekanngoa bakeng sa TE. Leha ho le joalo, e tla ba tlas'a tokiso ea khafetsa ho latela maemo. Sephetho ke hore phallo ea karolo e tla angoa kapele ke tahlehelo ea GNSS.
2. Haeba sistimi e sebelisa AAC e ntlafalitsoeng G.8273.4.
   a. Kaha GNSS ha e fumanehe ho theha asymmetry e amanang le tsela e ncha, e ke ke ea lekanngoa bakeng sa TE. Leha ho le joalo, haeba tsela ena e ncha e kile ea bonoa, e tla ba le tekeno ea TE e lumellang tsamaiso ho ikamahanya le tsela e ncha. Sephetho ke hore phallo ea karolo e ke ke ea angoa ke tahlehelo ea GNSS.

Hona joale ho na le menyetla e 'meli ea mantlha ea liketsahalo:

1. Tsela ea pele ea PTP ea khutla. Sena se tla etsa hore sistimi e hlophisehe hape. Ho fumanwa ha mosaeno o tsebahalang ho tla fella ka tshebediso ya ho kenya PTP e seng e lekanyeditswe. Taolo e sebetsang ea mohato e qala hape.
2. GNSS e khutlisa. Sistimi e tla sebetsa joalo ka tloaelo. Joalo ka ha re se re boletse, hore AAC e tle e sebetse, GNSS ea lehae e tlameha ho ba le tsebo le ts'ebetso hobane tlhahiso ea GNSS e sebelisoa e le boleng ba calibration; Litsela tsa ho kenya PTP li bapisoa le ho netefatsoa khahlano le boleng bona. Leha ho le joalo, hang ha ho kentsoe tafoleng e le 'ngoe, karolo ea asymmetry e ka sebetsa ntle le GNSS.

Ho Kena ka letsoho ha Boleng bo Lekanyelitsoeng

AAC e kentsoeng ke Microchip e nolofalletsa mosebedisi ho fetola liphetho tse tsamaellanang le mekhahlelo ha PTP e le mohloli o khethiloeng oa ho kenya. Sena se lumella matšeliso a basebelisi ba asymmetry e tsebahalang, e tsitsitseng tseleng ea ho kenya PTP.
Ho na le maemo a mang a ts'ebeliso moo ho ka khonehang ho lokisa phoso e tsebahalang e tsitsitseng kapa e sa feleng ea Nako.
Bakeng sa mohlalaample, boemong boo tsela e pakeng tsa mohloli oa PRTC le moeli oa PRTC e tsejoang e na le phetoho e tsitsitseng ea sekhahla ho tloha ho 1GE ho ea ho 100BASE-T. Phetoho ena ea sekhahla e theha asymmetry e tsebahalang ea hoo e ka bang 6 µs, e neng e tla fella ka 3 µs ea phoso ea mohato (phoso e bakoang ke asymmetry kamehla ke halofo ea phapang ea bolelele ba tsela).
Ho lefella ka letsoho, mosebedisi o tlameha ho tseba asymmetry tseleng, 'me sena se tla hloka tekanyo. Ka hona, khetho ena ea tlhophiso e sebetsa feela ha asymmetry tseleng ea PTP e tsejoa ebile e sa fetohe. Haeba ho na le asymmetry e feto-fetohang tseleng, bokhoni bona ha bo na thuso hobane ha bo khone ho ikamahanya le maemo.
Matla a Microchip AAC ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke hore e iphumanela le ho lefella asymmetry ntle le ho kenya ts'ebetsong tekanyo e fapaneng le ho kenya boleng ka letsoho.

Qetello

Setšoantšo sa 12-1. Kakaretso ea Ts'ebetso ea APTS AACHa marang-rang a thelefono a ntse a fetoha ho tloha ho marang-rang a thehiloeng khafetsa ho ea ho lihlooho tsa seea-le-moea tse hasoang haholo tse hlokang ho lokisoa ha mekhahlelo ho fana ka lits'ebeletso tse tsoetseng pele tsa 5G, ho tla hlokahala le ho feta ho tsamaisa li-PRTC ho potoloha marang-rang. Li-PRTC tsena li ka sireletsoa ka ho kenya ts'ehetso ea Assisted Partial Timing Support, G.8273.4, sesebelisoa sa boenjiniere se ka sebelisoang ho tšehetsa PRTC moeling ho tloha PRTC ea mantlha.
Leha ho le joalo, algorithm e tloaelehileng ea ATSS e lekanyelitsoe ho fana ka khalemelo ea Phoso ea Nako bakeng sa phallo e le 'ngoe ea ho kenya PTP, ka hona ha e na botsitso ba motheo; ke hore, bokhoni ba ho lekanya le ho sebelisa litsela tse fetang bonngoe tsa PTP tse lokiselitsoeng Phoso ea Nako.
Microchip e ntlafalitse Automatic Asymmetry Compensation, ntlafatso e matla ho ts'ebetsong e tloaelehileng ea APTS e nolofalletsang moeli oa PRTC ho lekanya ho fihla ho litsela tse fapaneng tsa ho kenya PTP tse 96 'me kahoo li lule li sebetsa esita le ka liphetoho tse kholo le khafetsa marang-rang a lipalangoang.
Microchip e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho faneng ka lisebelisoa tse tsitsitseng, tse ka tšeptjoang tse nolofalletsang ts'ebetso e se nang moeli ea litsamaiso tsa nako e tlang. ATS + AAC ke tlatsetso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa tlalehong ena e telele ea boqapi.

Nalane ea Phetoho

Nalane ea ntlafatso e hlalosa liphetoho tse kentsoeng tšebetsong tokomaneng. Liphetoho li thathamisitsoe ka ntlafatso, ho qala ka khatiso ea morao-rao.

Khatiso	Letsatsi	Tlhaloso
A	08/2024	Phetolelo ea Pele

Boitsebiso ba Microchip
Microchip Websebaka
Microchip e fana ka tšehetso ea inthaneteng ka rona website at www.microchip.com/. Sena websebaka se sebedisoang ho etsa files le tlhahisoleseding e fumaneha habonolo ho bareki. Tse ling tsa litaba tse fumanehang li kenyelletsa:

• Tšehetso ea Sehlahisoa - Lipampiri tsa data le errata, lintlha tsa kopo le sample mananeo, lisebelisoa tsa moralo, litataiso tsa basebelisi le litokomane tsa tšehetso ea hardware, lintlafatso tsa morao-rao tsa software le li-archived software
• Tšehetso e Akaretsang ea Tekheniki - Lipotso Tse Botsoang Khafetsa (FAQs), likopo tsa tšehetso ea tekheniki, lihlopha tsa lipuisano tsa inthaneteng, lethathamo la litho tsa lenaneo la balekane ba Microchip
• Khoebo ea Microchip - Mokhethoa oa lihlahisoa le litataiso tsa ho odara, likhatiso tsa morao-rao tsa khatiso tsa Microchip, lethathamo la lithupelo le liketsahalo, lethathamo la liofisi tsa thekiso ea Microchip, barekisi le baemeli ba feme.

Ts'ebeletso ea Tsebiso ea Phetoho ea Sehlahisoa
Ts'ebeletso ea tsebiso ea phetoho ea sehlahisoa sa Microchip e thusa ho boloka bareki ba le teng ka lihlahisoa tsa Microchip. Ba ngolisitseng ba tla fumana tsebiso ea lengolo-tsoibila neng kapa neng ha ho na le liphetoho, lintlafatso, lintlafatso kapa liphoso tse amanang le sehlahisoa se itseng sa lelapa kapa sesebelisoa sa ntlafatso sa thahasello.
Ho ngodisa, eya ho www.microchip.com/pcn mme o latele ditaelo tsa ngodiso.

Tšehetso ea Bareki
Basebelisi ba lihlahisoa tsa Microchip ba ka fumana thuso ka likanale tse 'maloa:

• Morekisi kapa Moemedi
• Ofisi ea Thekiso ea Lehae
• Embedded Solutions Engineer (ESE)
• Tšehetso ea tekheniki

Bareki ba lokela ho ikopanya le mofani oa bona oa thepa, moemeli kapa ESE bakeng sa tšehetso. Liofisi tsa thekiso ea lehae le tsona li teng ho thusa bareki. Lethathamo la liofisi tsa thekiso le libaka li kenyelelitsoe tokomaneng ena.
Tšehetso ea tekheniki e fumaneha ka ho websebaka ho: www.microchip.com/support

Karolo ea Tšireletso ea Khoutu ea Lisebelisoa tsa Microchip
Ela hloko lintlha tse latelang tsa ts'ireletso ea khoutu lihlahisoa tsa Microchip:

• Lihlahisoa tsa Microchip li kopana le litlhaloso tse fumanehang ho Microchip Data Sheet ea bona.
• Microchip e lumela hore lihlahisoa tsa eona li sireletsehile ha li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o reriloeng, ka har'a litlhaloso tsa ts'ebetso, le tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng.
• E boloka boleng ba Microchip mme ka mabifi e sireletsa litokelo tsa eona tsa thepa ea mahlale. Boiteko ba ho tlola likarolo tsa ts'ireletso ea khoutu ea sehlahisoa sa Microchip bo thibetsoe ka thata 'me bo ka tlola Molao oa Copyright oa Millennium oa Digital.
• Ha ho Microchip kapa moetsi ofe kapa ofe oa semiconductor ea ka netefatsang ts'ireletso ea khoutu ea eona. Tšireletso ea khoutu ha e bolele hore re tiisa hore sehlahisoa "se ke ke sa robeha". Tšireletso ea khoutu e lula e fetoha. Microchip e ikemiselitse ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa likarolo tsa ts'ireletso ea khoutu ea lihlahisoa tsa rona.

Tsebiso ea Molao
Khatiso ena le lintlha tse mona li ka sebelisoa feela le lihlahisoa tsa Microchip, ho kenyeletsoa ho rala, ho leka, le ho kopanya lihlahisoa tsa Microchip le kopo ea hau. Tšebeliso ea tlhahisoleseling ena ka tsela efe kapa efe e tlola melaoana ena. Lintlha mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa sesebelisoa li fanoe molemong oa hau feela 'me li ka nkeloa sebaka ke liapdeite. Ke boikarabello ba hau ho netefatsa hore kopo ea hau e kopana le litlhaloso tsa hau. Ikopanye le ofisi ea thekiso ea Microchip ea lehae bakeng sa tšehetso e eketsehileng kapa, fumana tšehetso e eketsehileng ho www.microchip.com/en-us/support/design-help/client-support-services.

TSEBISO ENA E FUMANA KE MICROCHIP "JOALOKAHA E LE". MICROCHIP HA E ETSE LITLHAKISO KAPA LITIISETSO TSA MOFUTA OFE kapa O fe Ebang E BONAHALA KAPA E BONAHALA, E NGOLOA KAPA MOLOMO, MOLAO KAPA HO SE EMONG, E Amanang le LITSEBISO HO kenyeletsoa EMPA E SA FUMANE LE TIISETSO EFE KAPA EFE E FUMANEHLENG LE TLAMELO. BAKENG SA MORERO O KHETHEHILENG, KAPA LITIISETSO TSE AMANG LE MAEMO A OONA, BOLEMO, KAPA KETSAHALO EA OONA.
HA HO LE TSATSAHALO, MICROCHIP E TLA BA MOTHO OA MOLATO BAKENG SA LITABA LIFE, TSE KHETHEHILENG, TSA KOTSI, TSATSAHALO, KAPA TAHLEHELO E LATELANG, TŠENYEHO, LITŠEnyehelo, KAPA LITJEHO TSA MOFUTA OFE O TLANG LE LITSEBISO KAPA TŠEBELETSO EA LONA, LE HO KA ETSAHALA KETSAHALO E ETSANG. TSE KA E KA ETSAHANG KAPA MESEKO E BONAHALA. HO FIHLELA KA HO FETISISA HO DUMELLA KE MOLAO, BOIKARABELO KAOFELA BA MICROCHIP HO LIKELETSO KAOFELA KA TSELA EFE KAPA E MABAPI LE TSEBISO KAPA TŠEBELETSO EA YONA E KE KE E FEELA BOLIMO OA LITEFO, HA E LE TSE LE FELA, TSEO U LI LEFILENG KA THOTLHALA BAKENG SA MICROCHIP.
Tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa Microchip ts'ehetso ea bophelo le/kapa lits'ebetso tsa ts'ireletso e kotsing ea moreki, 'me moreki o lumela ho sireletsa, ho qosa le ho boloka Microchip e se nang kotsi ho tsoa lits'enyehelo tsohle, likopo, lisutu, kapa litšenyehelo tse bakoang ke ts'ebeliso e joalo. Ha ho lilaesense tse fetisoang, ka mokhoa o hlakileng kapa ka tsela e 'ngoe, tlasa litokelo life kapa life tsa thepa ea mahlale a Microchip ntle le ha ho boletsoe ka tsela e ngoe.

Matšoao a khoebo
Lebitso le logo ea Microchip, logo ea Microchip, Adaptec, AVR, logo ea AVR, AVR Freaks, BesTime, BitCloud, CryptoMemory, CryptoRF, dsPIC, flexPWR, HELDO, IGLOO, JukeBlox, KeeLoq, Kleer, LANCheck, LinkMD, maXSty Media, Micrologos, Micrologo, MOXSty , MOST logo, MPLAB, OptoLyzer, PIC, picoPower, PICSTART, PIC32 logo, PolarFire, Prochip Designer, QTouch, SAM-BA, SenGenuity, SpyNIC, SST, SST Logo, SuperFlash, Symmetricom, SyncServer, Tachyon, tradeSource ea XME, Tichyon, TradeSource ea XME ea UNITED, UNITED TRADING, TXME, TEKSTO, TEKNOX, TEKS E kenyelelitsoe USA le linaheng tse ling.
AgileSwitch, ClockWorks, The Embedded Control Solutions Company, EtherSynch, Flashtec, Hyper Speed ​​Control, HyperLight Load, Libero, motorBench, mTouch, Powermite 3, Precision Edge, ProASIC, ProASIC Plus, logo ea ProASIC Plus, Quiet-Wire, SmartFusion, SyncWorld, TimeCesium, TimeHub, TimePictra, TimeProvider, le ZL ke matshwao a kgwebo a ngodisitsweng a Microchip Technology Incorporated USA.
Khatello e Haufi ea Key, AKS, Analog-for-the-Digital Age, AnyCapacitor, AnyIn, AnyOut, Augmented Switching, BlueSky, BodyCom, Clockstudio, CodeGuard, CryptoAuthentication, CryptoAutomotive, CryptoCompanion, CryptoController, dsPICDEM, dsPICDEMAverage, dsPICDEMverage.net, , DAM, ECAN, Espresso T1S, EtherGREEN, EyeOpen, GridTime, IdealBridge, IGaT, In-Circuit Serial Programming, ICSP, INICnet, Intelligent Paralleling, IntelliMOS, Inter-Chip Connectivity, JitterBlocker, Knob-on-Display, maxCripto-Display, Marc. maxView, memBrain, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPF, MPLAB Certified logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mSiC, MultiTRAK, NetDetach, Omniscient Code Generation, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit, PICtail, Power MOS IV, Power MOS 7, PureSimart , QMatrix, REAL ICE, Ripple Blocker, RTAX, RTG4, SAM-ICE, Serial Quad I/O, simpleMAP, SimpliPHY, SmartBuffer, SmartHLS, SMART-IS, storClad, SQI, SuperSwitcher, SuperSwitcher II, Switchtec, SynchroPHY, Kakaretso ea Mamello , Nako e Tšeptjoang, TSHARC, Turing, USBCheck, VariSense, VectorBlox, VeriPHY, ViewSpan, WiperLock, XpressConnect, le ZENA ke matshwao a kgwebo a Microchip Technology Incorporated USA le dinaheng tse ding.
SQTP ke letšoao la ts'ebeletso la Microchip Technology Incorporated USA
Letšoao la Adaptec, Frequency on Demand, Silicon Storage Technology, le Symmcom ke matšoao a ngolisitsoeng a khoebo a Microchip Technology Inc. linaheng tse ling.
GestIC ke letshwao la kgwebo le ngodisitsweng la Microchip Technology Germany II GmbH & Co. KG, e leng lekala la Microchip Technology Inc., dinaheng tse ding.

Matšoao a mang kaofela a boletsoeng mona ke thepa ea lik'hamphani tse fapaneng.
© 2024, Microchip Technology Incorporated le lithuso tsa eona. Litokelo tsohle li sirelelitsoe.
ISBN: 978-1-6683-0120-3
Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng
Ho fumana leseli mabapi le Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Boleng ea Microchip, ka kopo etela www.microchip.com/quality.

Lithekiso le Tšebeletso ea Lefatše Lohle

LIMAKASE	ASIA/PACIFIC	ASIA/PACIFIC	ULAYA
Ofisi ea Khoebo 2355 West Chandler Blvd. Chandler, AZ 85224-6199 Mohala: 480-792-7200 Fax: 480-792-7277 Tšehetso ea tekheniki: www.microchip.com/support Web Aterese: www.microchip.com Atlanta Duluth, GA Mohala: 678-957-9614 Fax: 678-957-1455 Austin, TX Mohala: 512-257-3370 Boston Westborough, MA Mohala: 774-760-0087 Fax: 774-760-0088 Chicago Itasca, IL Mohala: 630-285-0071 Fax: 630-285-0075 Dallas Addison, TX Mohala: 972-818-7423 Fax: 972-818-2924 Detroit Novi, MI Mohala: 248-848-4000 Houston, TX Mohala: 281-894-5983 Indianapolis Noblesville, IN Mohala: 317-773-8323 Fax: 317-773-5453 Mohala: 317-536-2380 Los Angeles Mission Viejo, CA Mohala: 949-462-9523 Fax: 949-462-9608 Mohala: 951-273-7800 Raleigh, NC Mohala: 919-844-7510 New York, NY Mohala: 631-435-6000 San Jose, CA Mohala: 408-735-9110 Mohala: 408-436-4270 Canada - Toronto Mohala: 905-695-1980 Fax: 905-695-2078	Australia - Sydney Mohala: 61-2-9868-6733 China - Beijing Mohala: 86-10-8569-7000 China - Chengdu Mohala: 86-28-8665-5511 China - Chongqing Mohala: 86-23-8980-9588 China - Dongguan Mohala: 86-769-8702-9880 China - Guangzhou Mohala: 86-20-8755-8029 China - Hangzhou Mohala: 86-571-8792-8115 China - Hong Kong SAR Mohala: 852-2943-5100 China - Nanjing Mohala: 86-25-8473-2460 China - Qingdao Mohala: 86-532-8502-7355 China - Shanghai Mohala: 86-21-3326-8000 China - Shenyang Mohala: 86-24-2334-2829 China - Shenzhen Mohala: 86-755-8864-2200 China - Suzhou Mohala: 86-186-6233-1526 China - Wuhan Mohala: 86-27-5980-5300 China - Xian Mohala: 86-29-8833-7252 China - Xiamen Mohala: 86-592-2388138 China - Zhuhai Mohala: 86-756-3210040	India - Bangalore Mohala: 91-80-3090-4444 India - New Delhi Mohala: 91-11-4160-8631 India - Pune Mohala: 91-20-4121-0141 Japane - Osaka Mohala: 81-6-6152-7160 Japane - Tokyo Mohala: 81-3-6880-3770 Korea - Daegu Mohala: 82-53-744-4301 Korea - Seoul Mohala: 82-2-554-7200 Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur Mohala: 60-3-7651-7906 Malaysia - Penang Mohala: 60-4-227-8870 Philippines - Manila Mohala: 63-2-634-9065 Singapore Mohala: 65-6334-8870 Taiwan - Hsin Chu Mohala: 886-3-577-8366 Taiwan - Kaohsiung Mohala: 886-7-213-7830 Taiwan - Taipei Mohala: 886-2-2508-8600 Thailand - Bangkok Mohala: 66-2-694-1351 Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh Mohala: 84-28-5448-2100	Austria - Wels Mohala: 43-7242-2244-39 Fax: 43-7242-2244-393 Denmark - Copenhagen Mohala: 45-4485-5910 Fax: 45-4485-2829 Finland - Espoo Mohala: 358-9-4520-820 Fora - Paris Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79 Jeremane - Ho khabisa Mohala: 49-8931-9700 Jeremane - Haan Mohala: 49-2129-3766400 Jeremane - Heilbronn Mohala: 49-7131-72400 Jeremane - Karlsruhe Mohala: 49-721-625370 Jeremane - Munich Tel: 49-89-627-144-0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44 Jeremane - Rosenheim Mohala: 49-8031-354-560 Iseraele - Hod Hasharon Mohala: 972-9-775-5100 Italy - Milan Mohala: 39-0331-742611 Fax: 39-0331-466781 Italy - Padova Mohala: 39-049-7625286 Netherlands - Drunen Mohala: 31-416-690399 Fax: 31-416-690340 Norway - Trondheim Mohala: 47-72884388 Poland - Warsaw Mohala: 48-22-3325737 Romania - Bucharest Tel: 40-21-407-87-50 Spain - Madrid Tel: 34-91-708-08-90 Fax: 34-91-708-08-91 Sweden - Gothenberg Tel: 46-31-704-60-40 Sweden - Stockholm Mohala: 46-8-5090-4654 UK - Wokingham Mohala: 44-118-921-5800 Fax: 44-118-921-5820

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Litokomane / Lisebelisoa

MICROCHIP e netefatsang lits'ebeletso tsa mehala e nang le pampiri e tšoeu ea tšehetso ea nako e sa fellang [pdf] Litaelo DS00005550A, Assuring Mobile Services with Assisted Partial Time Support Paper, Mobile Services with Asssisted Partial Time Support Paper, Litšebeletso tse nang le Tšehetso ea Nako e sa Feleng Pampiri e Tšoeu, Pampiri e Tšoeu ea Tšehetso ea Nako e sa Feleng, Pampiri e Tšoeu ea Tšehetso ea Nako, Pampiri e Tšoanang ea Tšehetso ea Nako, Tšehetsa White Pampiri, Pampiri

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