cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Multicast Routing Configuration Guide Guide User
Mabapi le IGMP
IGMP ke protocol ea IPv4 eo moamoheli a e sebelisang ho kopa data ea multicast bakeng sa sehlopha se itseng. E sebelisa tlhahisoleseling e fumanoeng ka IGMP, software e boloka lethathamo la litho tse ngata tsa sehlopha kapa liteishene ho latela sehokelo. Litsamaiso tse amohelang lipakete tsena tsa IGMP li romella lintlha tse ngata tseo li li fumanang bakeng sa lihlopha tse kopiloeng kapa liteishene ho tsoa karolong ea marang-rang ea ba amohelang ba tsebahalang. Ka ho sa feleng, ts'ebetso ea IGMP e ntse e sebetsa. U ke ke ua lumella IGMP ka letsoho ho sehokelo. IGMP e nolofalloa ka bo eona ha o etsa e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi e latelang ea tlhophiso ho sehokelo:
- Lumella PIM
- Tlama sehlopha sa batho ba bangata ba lehae
- Lumella lihokelo tsa lihlopha tsa sebaka sa heno
Liphetolelo tsa IGMP
Phetoho e tšehetsa IGMPv2 le IGMPv3, hammoho le kamohelo ea tlaleho ea IGMPv1. Ka kamehla, software e thusa IGMPv2 ha e qala ts'ebetso ea IGMP. U ka nolofalletsa IGMPv3 ho li-interfaces moo u batlang bokhoni ba eona. IGMPv3 e kenyelletsa liphetoho tse latelang tsa bohlokoa ho tsoa ho IGMPv2:
- Tšehetso bakeng sa Mohloli-Specific Multicast (SSM), e hahang lifate tse khuts'oane ho tloha ho motho e mong le e mong ho ea mohloling, ka likarolo tse latelang:
- Melaetsa e amohelang e ka hlakisang sehlopha le mohloli.
- Boemo ba multicast bo boloketsoeng lihlopha le mehloli, eseng feela bakeng sa lihlopha joalo ka ho IGMPv2.
- Baamoheli ha ba sa etsa khatello ea tlaleho, ho bolelang hore mabotho a lula a romella litlaleho tsa litho tsa IGMP ha molaetsa oa potso oa IGMP o amoheloa.
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka IGMPv2, bona RFC 2236.
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka IGMPv3, bona RFC 3376.
Lintho tsa motheo tsa IGMP
Ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea IGMP ea router e sibollang mabotho a multicast e bontšoa setšoantšong sena. Baamoheli 1, 2, le 3 ba romella melaetsa ea tlaleho ea litho tsa IGMP e sa batloang ho qala ho amohela data ea multicast bakeng sa sehlopha kapa mocha.
Setšoantšong sa IGMPv1 le IGMPv2 Query-Response Process, router A, e leng IGMP e khethiloeng e botsisoa ho subnet, e romela melaetsa ea lipotso ho sehlopha sa li-multicast se nang le mabotho ohle ho 224.0.0.1 nako le nako ho fumana hore na moamoheli leha e le ofe a batla ho fumana data ea multicast. U ka hlophisa boleng ba nako ea ho qeta nako ea setho sa sehlopha seo router e se sebelisang ho fumana hore ha ho na litho tsa sehlopha kapa mohloli o teng ho subnet. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le ho hlophisa liparamente tsa IGMP, bona karolo ea Configuring IGMP Interface Parameters.
Software e khetha router joalo ka potso ea IGMP ho subnet haeba e na le aterese e tlase ea IP. Hafeela router e ntse e tsoela pele ho fumana melaetsa ea lipotso ho tsoa ho router e nang le aterese e tlaase ea IP, e tsosolosa nako e thehiloeng ho boleng ba eona ba nako ea ho qeta nako. Haeba nako ea ho botsa ea router e felloa ke nako, e fetoha eona e khethiloeng. Haeba router eo hamorao e fumana molaetsa oa potso ea moamoheli ho tsoa ho router e nang le aterese e tlase ea IP, e theola karolo ea eona joalo ka moeletsi ea khethiloeng ebe e beha nako ea eona ea ho botsa hape.
Palong ena, tlaleho ea litho tsa moamoheli oa 1 e hateletsoe mme moamoheli 2 o romela tlaleho ea litho tsa sehlopha sa 224.1.1.1 pele. Host 1 e fumana tlaleho ho tsoa ho moamoheli 2. Hobane tlaleho e le 'ngoe feela ea litho ka sehlopha e hloka ho romelloa ho router, mabotho a mang a hatella litlaleho tsa bona ho fokotsa sephethephethe sa marang-rang. Moamoheli e mong le e mong o emela nako e itseng ho qoba ho romela litlaleho ka nako e le 'ngoe. O ka lokisa paramethara ea nako ea karabo e phahameng ho laola nako eo baamoheli ba sa fetoheng likarabo tsa bona.
Hlokomela hore khatello ea tlaleho ea litho tsa IGMPv1 le IGMPv2 e etsahala feela ho baamoheli ba hokahaneng le boema-kepe bo le bong.
Setšoantšong se latelang, router A e romella sehlopha sa IGMPv3 potso-le-mohloli o khethehileng ho LAN. Baamoheli 2 le 3 ba araba potso eo ka litlaleho tsa litho tse bonts'ang hore ba batla ho fumana lintlha ho tsoa ho sehlopha se bapalitsoeng le mohloling. Karolo ena ea IGMPv3 e tšehetsa SSM. Bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding mabapi le ho lokisa phetolelo ea SSM ho tšehetsa SSM bakeng sa baamoheli ba IGMPv1 le IGMPv2, bona Configuring an IGMP SSM Translation, leqepheng la 12 karolo.
Hlokomela hore mabotho a IGMPv3 ha a etse khatello ea tlaleho ea litho tsa IGMP.
Melaetsa e rometsoeng ke motho ea khethiloeng e na le boleng ba nako ea ho phela (TTL) ea 1, ho bolelang hore melaetsa ha e fetisetsoe ke li-routers tse hokahaneng ka kotloloho ho subnet. U ka hlophisa khafetsa le palo ea melaetsa ea lipotso e rometsoeng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho qala IGMP, 'me u ka hlophisa nako e khuts'oane ea lipotso ha u qala e le hore boemo ba sehlopha bo thehoe kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Leha hangata ho sa hlokahale, o ka fetola nako ea potso e sebelisitsoeng kamora ho qala ho boleng bo leka-lekaneng karabelo ho amohela melaetsa ea litho tsa sehlopha le sephethephethe se entsoeng marang-rang.
⚠ Tlhokomeliso Ho fetola nako ea potso ho ka ama haholo phetiso ea li-multicast.
Ha moamoheli oa li-multicast a tloha sehlopheng, moamoheli ea tsamaisang IGMPv2 kapa hamorao o romella molaetsa oa tlohela oa IGMP. Ho hlahloba hore na moamoheli enoa ke moamoheli oa ho qetela oa ho tloha sehlopheng, software e romella molaetsa oa potso ea IGMP mme e qala sebali seo u ka se hlophisang se bitsoang nako ea karabo ea potso ea setho sa ho qetela. Haeba ha ho litlaleho tse amoheloang pele sebali sa nako se fela, software e tlosa boemo ba sehlopha. Router e ntse e tsoela pele ho romela sephethephethe sa multicast bakeng sa sehlopha ho fihlela boemo ba eona bo tlosoa.
U ka hlophisa boleng bo matla ho lefella tahlehelo ea pakete ho netweke e phetheselang. Boleng ba matla bo sebelisoa ke software ea IGMP ho fumana palo ea makhetlo a ho romella melaetsa.
Hokela liaterese tsa lehae mothating oa 224.0.0.0/24 li bolokiloe ke Bolaoli bo Abeloeng ba Linomoro ba Marang-rang (IANA). Li-protocol tsa marang-rang karolong ea marang-rang ea lehae li sebelisa liaterese tsena; li-routers ha li fetise liaterese tsena hobane li na le TTL ea 1. Ka ho feletseng, ts'ebetso ea IGMP e romela litlaleho tsa litho feela bakeng sa liaterese tsa libaka tse sa pinki, empa u ka lokisa software ho romela litlaleho bakeng sa lihokelo tsa liaterese tsa sebaka seo. Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le ho hlophisa liparamente tsa IGMP, bona karolo ea Configuring IGMP Interface Parameters.
Tšehetso ea Virtualization
Cisco NX-OS e tšehetsa mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa le ho fetisa (VRF). O ka hlalosa maemo a mangata a VRF. VRF e hlophisitsoeng le IGMP e tšehetsa likarolo tse latelang tsa IGMP:
- IGMP e nolofalitsoe kapa ea holofatsoa ho sebopeho se seng le se seng
- IGMPv1, IGMPv2, le IGMPv3 li fana ka tšehetso ea lehlakore la router
- IGMPv2 le IGMPv3 li fana ka tšehetso ea lehlakore la moamoheli
- E ts'ehetsa tlhophiso ea liparamente tsa lipotso tsa IGMP
- Tlaleho ea IGMP e tšehetsoa bakeng sa lihokela tsa lihlopha tsa lehae tse ngata
- IGMP SSM-phetolelo e ts'ehetsa 'mapa oa lihlopha tsa IGMPv2 ho ea mehloling e mengata
- E ts'ehetsa ts'ebetso ea seva ea multicast trace-route (Mtrace) ho sebetsana le likopo tsa Mtrace
Bakeng sa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le ho hlophisa li-VRF, bona faele ea Cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Unicast Routing Configuration Guide.
Litaelo le Meeli bakeng sa IGMP
IGMP e na le litataiso le meeli e latelang:
- Ho kenyelletsa kapa ho thibela lethathamo la mehloli ho latela IGMPv3 (RFC 3376) ha e tšehetsoe.
- Boema-kepe bohle ba kantle ba li-router tsa multicast (e ka ba tse hlophisitsoeng hantle kapa tse ithutoang ka matla) li sebelisa index ea lefats'e ea LTL. Ka lebaka leo, sephethephethe sa VLAN X se tsoa likoung tsa li-router tse ngata ho VLAN X le VLAN Y ka bobeli, haeba li-port tsa multicast router (Likutu tsa 2) li na le VLAN X le VLAN Y.
- Ho li-switches tsa Cisco Nexus 3000 Series, u tlameha ho betla libaka tsa RACL TCAM ho etsa hore IGMP le PIM li sebetse lihokelong tsa Layer 3. Li-ACL tse ling tsa kamehla tsa Multicast tse kentsoeng libakeng tsa RACL lia hlokahala hore IGMP le PIM li sebetse ho Layer 3 interfaces.
- Ho qala ka Release 7.0 (3) I2 (1), ha o lokisa sebopeho ho VRF, lokisa PIM, romela IGMP e kopanya le ho netefatsa taelo ea CLI show ip fib mroute, molaetsa oa phoso o hlahisoa ka tsela e latelang: ERROR: Invalid Letlapa-ID. Tafole ea kamehla ha e bōptjoe ho fihlela ho e-na le li-interface tlas'a VRF ea kamehla. Ka hona, phoso e hlaha ha u leka ho hlahisa tafole ea kamehla. Ha sehlopha se ithutoa tafoleng ea kamehla, tafole ea kamehla ea etsoa 'me molaetsa oa phoso ha o sa hlahisoa. Taelo ea CLI e bonts'a tsela ea ip fib ha e tšehetsoe ho Cisco Nexus 34180YC platform switch.
- Ho Cisco NX-OS e lokolla e tsofetseng ho feta Cisco NX-OS Release 6.0(2)U1(1), u ka sebelisa taelo ea ip igmp join-group ho tlama switch ea Nexus 3000 Series ho sehlopha sa li-multicast. Phetoho e hlahisa Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) -join bakeng sa sehlopha se boletsoeng, 'me liphutheloana leha e le life tsa multicast tse reretsoeng sehlopha li romeloa ho CPU. Haeba ho na le ba amohelang ba hokahaneng le Nexus 3000 Series switch, e kopang sehlopha, kopi ea pakete e boetse e romelloa ho moamoheli.
- Ho Cisco NX-OS Release 6.0(2)U1(1) le litokollo tse phahameng, u ke ke ua sebelisa ipigmp join-group command ho hlophisa manane a Outgoing Interface (OILs). Leha ho na le baamoheli ba kopang molatsoana, ha ho lipakete tse romelloang ho bona. Ho kopanya Nexus 3000 Series switjha ho sehlopha sa multicast, sebelisa taelo ea ip igmp staticoif ho fapana le taelo ea ip igmp join-group.
- Ingress RACL bakeng sa L3 multicast data sephethephethe, ha e tšehetsoe ka Cisco Nexus 34180YC sethaleng switjha.
Litlhophiso tsa kamehla tsa IGMP
Tafole ena e thathamisa litlhophiso tsa kamehla tsa li-parameter tsa IGMP.
Ho lokisa liparamente tsa IGMP
U ka hlophisa liparamente tsa IGMP tsa lefats'e le tsa sehokelo ho ama ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea IGMP.
Hlokomela Haeba u tloaelane le Cisco IOS CLI, hlokomela hore litaelo tsa Cisco NX-OS bakeng sa tšobotsi ena li ka 'na tsa fapana le litaelo tsa Cisco IOS tseo u ka li sebelisang.
Ho lokisa liparamente tsa IGMP Interface
O ka hlophisa liparamente tsa boikhethelo tsa IGMP tse hlalositsoeng tafoleng e ka tlase.
Tsamaiso
Ho lokisa phetolelo ea IGMP SSM
U ka lokisa phetolelo ea SSM ho fana ka tšehetso ea SSM ha router e fumana litlaleho tsa litho tsa IGMPv1 kapa IGMPv2. Ke IGMPv3 feela e fanang ka bokhoni ba ho hlakisa liaterese tsa sehlopha le mohloli litlalehong tsa litho. Ka tloaelo, sehlopha sa sehlongwapele sa sehlopha ke 232.0.0.0/8. Ho fetola mofuta oa PIM SSM, sheba karolo ea Configuring SSM (PIM).
Tafole ena e thathamisa example liphetolelo tsa SSM.
Hlokomela Karolo ena e ts'oana le 'mapa oa SSM o fumanehang ho software ea Cisco IOS.
Ho lokisa Tlhahlobo ea Tlhokomeliso ea Router ea Enforce Router
U ka hlophisa tlhahlobo ea tlhokomeliso ea router bakeng sa lipakete tsa IGMPv2 le IGMPv3.
E netefatsa tlhophiso ea IGMP
Ho bonts'a tlhaiso-leseling ea tlhophiso ea IGMP, etsa e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi e latelang:
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le masimo a tlhahiso ho tsoa ho litaelo tsena, bona Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Command Reference.
Tlhophiso Examptse ling bakeng sa IGMP
E latelang exampe bonts'a mokhoa oa ho hlophisa liparamente tsa IGMP:
switjha# lokisa terminal
switjha(config)# ip igmp ssm-translate 232.0.0.0/8 10.1.1.1
switjha(config)# interface ethernet 2/1
switjha(config-haeba)# ha ho switchport
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp mofuta 3
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp join-group 230.0.0.0
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp qala-potso-nako ea 25
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp qala-potso-palo 3
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp robustness-variable 3
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp querier-timeout 300
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp query-timeout 300
switch(config-if)# ip igmp potso-max-response-time 15
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp potso-nako 100
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp setho sa ho qetela-potso-nako ea karabo 3
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp palo-potso ea setho sa ho qetela 3
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp sehlopha-timeout 300
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp report-link-local-groups
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp report-policy my_report_policy
switch(config-if)# ip igmp access-group my_access_policy
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp hang-hang
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp global-leve-ignore-gss-mrt
Exampe bonts'a mokhoa oa ho lokisa 'mapa oa litsela o amohelang litlaleho tsohle tsa multicast (ho ikopanya):
switjha(config)# tsela-mapa foo
switjha(config-route-mapa)# tsoa
switjha(config)# interface vlan 10
switjha(config-haeba)# ha ho switchport
switjha(config-haeba)# ip pim sparse-mode
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp report-policy foo
Exampe bonts'a mokhoa oa ho lokisa 'mapa oa litsela o hanang litlaleho tsohle tsa multicast (ho ikopanya):
switjha(config)# tsela-mapa foo hana 10
switjha(config-route-mapa)# tsoa
switjha(config)# interface vlan 5
switjha(config-haeba)# ip pim sparse-mode
switjha(config-haeba)# ip igmp report-policy foo
Moo u ka eang teng
O ka nolofalletsa likarolo tse latelang tse sebetsang le PIM le IGMP:
- Ho lokisa IGMP Snooping
- Ho lokisa MSDP
Sebopeho sa nalane ea IGMP
Lethathamo lena le thathamisa nalane ea tokollo bakeng sa tšobotsi ena.
Lethathamo la 5: Histori ea Sebopeho bakeng sa IGMP
Litokomane / Lisebelisoa
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cisco Nexus 3000 Series NX-OS Multicast Routing Configuration Guide [pdf] Bukana ea Mosebelisi Nexus 3000 Series, NX-OS Multicast Configuration Guide, Tataiso ea Tlhophiso ea Tsela, Multicast Routing Configuration, NX-OS Routing Configuration, Routing Configuration. |
