RedEarth BMX Series BlackMax Off Grid And On Grid Battery System

Specifications

• Product Name: BlackMax
• Application: Off-grid and on-grid battery system
• Approval: Clean Energy Council approved
• Model Numbers: BMX-104, BMX-108, BMX-112
• Battery Capacity: Up to 12.3kWh total
• Inverter Capacity: 6kVA with two built-in single string MPPTs

Product Usage Instructions

Fire Safety

Fire Response: In case of fire, use a dry agent fire extinguisher. Do not use water. Evacuate the area and call emergency services.

Toxic Gas: Toxic gas may be produced if the battery catches fire.

Handling Damaged Battery

Disposal: Do not use a damaged battery. Dispose of batteries at appropriate recycling centers. Contact RedEarth for guidance.

Safety instructions

WARNING: Working on the inside of the BlackMax system is restricted to qualified personnel. RedEarth recommend installation by licensed electricians only.
The wiring diagrams and installation instructions are given as a guide only and compliance to appropriate standards is the responsibility of the installer.

Relevant standards are listed below:

AS/NZS 3000:2018	Wiring rules
AS/NZS 5033:2021	Installation and safety requirements for photovoltaic (PV) arrays
AS/NZS 4509.2:2012	Stand-alone power systems-Design
AS/NZS 1170.2:2021	Structural design actions-Wind actions
AS/NZS1768:2021	Lightning protection
AS/NZS 3008.1.2:2017	Electrical installations – Selection of cables
AS/NZS 5139:2019	Electrical installations-Safety of battery systems for use with power conversion equipment

The BlackMax must only be installed by suitably qualified personnel who have read and are familiar with its operation and hazards.
The BlackMax must only be installed by suitably qualified personnel who have read and are familiar with its operation and hazards.
This manual covers all following model numbers: BMX-104, BMX-108, BMX-112.
In our efforts towards constant product enhancement, this document is subject to change at any time. Please visit www.redearth.energy and download the appropriate and latest version manual.

Lifting hazard
The BlackMax is heavy. Observe proper lifting techniques. To reduce the weight the Troppo batteries can be removed via the panel in the rear of the system.

Fire
The BlackMax uses RedEarth’s Troppo battery. This is a lithium-iron-phosphate based battery (LFP). It is the safest lithium chemistry. However, in the case of a fire the following steps should be taken. A dry agent fire extinguisher should be readily available and used. DO NOT use water. Evacuate the area and call emergency services. Toxic gas may be produced if the battery catches fire.

Note: The SDS document for the Troppo Battery can be found at www.redearth.energy

Damaged battery
Do not use a damaged battery. Batteries should only be disposed of at an appropriate recycling centre. Please contact RedEarth for advice.

SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE

1. Press the On/Off button on side of inverter
2. Switch OFF on all AC circuit breakers
3. Switch OFF the SOLAR D.C. ISOLATOR
4. Switch OFF the BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. ISOLATOR

WARNING
BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. ISOLATOR DOES NOT DE-ENERGISE THE BATTERY SYSTEM AND BATTERY SYSTEM CABLING

Overview

RedEarth’s updated BlackMax battery system is a complete ready-to-run energy storage system for off-grid and on-grid applications. It is available as either a battery system alone or as a complete PowerStation kit including solar panels and solar panel mounting equipment, all on two pallets. As an Australian-made product built in Brisbane, RedEarth can provide best-in-class support for BlackMax owners and installers. The battery system arrives fully assembled and factory tested. It includes a 6kVA hybrid inverter with two built-in single string MPPTs for connecting solar panels. It can be supplied with up to three (3) of RedEarth’s Troppo lithium batteries (12.3kWh total). Note that to use the full power available from the inverter at least 2 Troppo batteries are required. The BlackMax system is designed to be installed either inside or outside, ideally in a shaded area. All switchgear required for installation is built in. No need to screw switches to the wall.

A typical installation of the BlackMax with solar panels, will require the electrical connection of:

1. Solar: Directly connect the solar arrays to the two built-in PV MCBs with pre-terminated MC4 plugs inside the system.(do not exceed 500Vmax on the PV arrays)
2. Load: There are two GPO power points on the system to plug loads into directly (one 15amp & one 10amp) or hard-wire an external sub-board to the terminal block inside the BlackMax (to access the full 6kVA of power available)
3. Earth and MEN link: These need to be in place as required by national standards.
4. Generator or grid: Directly connect a hard-wired generator. The generator can be set up for either manual or 2-wire auto start. Note: it is mandatory to test that the generator works with the BlackMax during installation. Instead of a generator a single-phase grid supply can be connected to the same hard-wire terminal blocks to achieve generator like performance from your grid supply.
   • Note: As an alternative to a generator or grid supply, a different AC-coupled renewable energy source can be connected to the generator terminals in the BlackMax. This could be an additional Solar PV inverter or Micro-Inverter system. The BlackMax needs to be pre-configured for one of these options. By default, the BlackMax is set up for a generator. Therefore, please inform RedEarth before connecting the system to an alternative renewable energy source.

There are several ways to monitor the BlackMax.

• Local monitoring via the battery SOC meter (state-of-charge) on the top of the unit.
• The two Power meters on the side of the unit. One shows power in from the generator and the other shows total power out of the inverter to the loads.
• Flashing orange light. This turns on when the SOC drops below the set point (it is factory-set to 20%).
• Remote monitoring: The BlackMax includes an industrial grade monitoring kit to enable remote monitoring and control capabilities. To activate this service, the owner needs to enrol in RedEarth’s Optimum program which includes ongoing monitoring of the BlackMax system by RedEarth. Note that this requires mobile phone coverage or another source of internet (e.g., Starlink, which RedEarth can assist with).
• RedEarth’s EMU app. Once remote monitoring is activated the BlackMax can be monitored from the customer’s mobile phone.

Qualified installation person (installer)
The installation tasks described in this manual should be carried out by a suitably qualified and skilled electrician with adequate skills, qualifications, and experience.

They should:

• Have a thorough understanding of operations, design, and installation principles of on- and off-grid electrical systems.
• Have a thorough understanding of the risks and dangers associated with installing and using electrical equipment.
• Hold all local, state and country-based qualifications to carry out such work.
• Adhere to all safety and installations requirements contained in this manual.
• To claim the STC’s available for the solar panels they must be an accredited installer

Note: The BlackMax is not designed to act as a main switchboard for the premises, as it does not include space for additional main and customer circuit breakers or RCDs. The MEN link and Earth connection need to be in place at the premises as required by national standards.

Dimensions

The BlackMax weighs 176kg when fully loaded with three (3) Troppo batteries. Each battery weighs 43kg and can be removed for ease of handling. The empty BlackMax weighs 74kg.

Description of the BlackMax

Opening the BlackMax
RedEarth’s BlackMax energy storage system can be accessed via the top (lid) or the front door. To open the lid, 2 screws (one from each side) must be removed and then the lid can be lifted and pivoted on the rear hinge. To access from the front, there are 2 locks on the front door. The key to open these locks comes tied to the left handle and must be kept out of the reach of children.

Inside layout
The BlackMax is divided internally into four main areas, The AC electrical switchgear, the DC electrical switchgear, the inverter, and the battery area.

Opening the front door provides access to the AC side, inverter area, and DC side. To access the AC or DC side, you will have to remove the clear plastic safety covers that are held in place by 3 nuts.

Note: Do not over tighten the nuts holding the clear plastic cover in place as they will crack under pressure. To access the battery area, either open the top lid or remove the screws holding the rear panel in place. Removing and replacing batteries is easiest via this rear panel.

BlackMax Components

The main components of the BlackMax includes the hybrid inverter one, two or three lithium Troppo batteries and the pre-wired enclosure containing all the other electrical components as shown in the picture below.

Parts kit
The BlackMax system is supplied with a parts kit containing all the addition items needed to complete the installation.

Complete BlackMax PowerStation kit (option)
RedEarth also provides a convenient BlackMax PowerStation kit. This includes the BlackMax on a small pallet and the solar panels as well as all mounting equipment for a typical tin roof on a second pallet as shown.

The PowerStation kit includes the following items,

• BlackMax (with 1, 2 or 3 Troppo lithium batteries)
• 15A lead for connecting a typical small generator.
• Note that no generator is provided however RedEarth can recommend some models that work with the BlackMax.
• Solar Panels (up to 18 x 400W panels = 7.2kW) subject to change as panel sizes continue to increase
• Clenergy solar panel mounting hardware and rails for tin roof along with required PV cables.
  • The list below shows the parts included for an order with 16 solar panels.
  • The PV rails are cut in half to be 2.1m long (additional PV rail splices are included)
• Dimensions for the solar panel kit pallet (1.2m wide x 2.1m long x 1.4m high)
• Weight of solar panel kit pallet weight = 450kg (16 panels)

WIISE	SKU	Description	Oty.	Unit
CH001010	SKU	BlackMax 16 Panels Mounting Kit—Tin Roof
|1377	SKU-001	SPLICE PLATE, PV-EZRACK, SUITS ECO RAIL	16.	EA
|1378	SKU-002	TIN INTERFACE KIT	40.	EA
|1379	SKU-003	CABLE CLIP, PV-EZRACK FOR PV PANELS, HOLDS 2 CABLES, BOX OF 900	64.	EA
|1380	SKU-004	CLAMP, UNIVERSAL MID/END WITH GROUNDING CLIP	50.	EA
|1382	SKU-006	GROUNDING LUG, PV-EZRACK	6.	EA
|1384	SKU-008	RAIL, PV-EZRACK ECO 4200MM LONG ALU/STEEL, BUNDLE OF 90	9.	EA
|1394	SKU-018	SWITCH, ZJ BENY DC ISOLATOR 32A 4 POLE 1200V	1.	EA
|1395	SKU-019	COVER, ZJ BENY ISOLATOR	1.	EA
|1134	CON-015	CONNECTOR, MC4 BRANCH MALE	1.	EA
|1135	CON-016	CONNECTOR, MC4 BRANCH CONNECTOR FEMALE	1.	EA
|1961	CON-017	CONNECTOR, MC4 STANDARD MALE & FEMALE (1 x BAG = 5)	10.	EA
|1078	CBL-021	CABLE, 2C x 4MM2 DC SOLAR (9PV-1F), 0.9/1.8KV	25	P/M
|1095	CBL-038	CABLE, 4MM2 SINGLE CORE DC SOLAR (PV-1F)	25	P/M
|1297	PLT-002	PALLET, WOOD 2100MM x 1170MM (BlackMax with PV only)	1	EA

Installation

7 steps to complete your BlackMax installation:

1. Transporting the BlackMax
2. Positioning the BlackMax
3. Solar array sizing
4. Electrical connections to the BlackMax
5. Commissioning the BlackMax
6. Monitoring and communication
7. Finalising installation and customer handover

Step 1. Transporting the BlackMax
The BlackMax system is supplied on a pallet in one of two configurations (just the BlackMax on a small pallet or as a complete PowerStation kit on a larger pallet) as shown below. The BlackMax weighs 203 kg (with 3 batteries installed). Each battery weighs 43kg. The solar panel kit with 16 solar panel weighs 450 kg shown below. RedEarth’s BlackMax comes fitted with two handles to help with handling. However, it is a heavy unit and should be handled with a transportation device such as a hand trolley. (Note: if using a hand trolley, you may need to click the bottom vents back into place after finishing using the trolley).
The lithium batteries can also be removed via the panel in the rear of the BlackMax, and replaced once the system is in position. Each Troppo battery module weighs 43kg. The empty BlackMax weighs 74kg.

WARNING: Personal Injury
Use safe lifting techniques and standard safety equipment when working with this equipment

Step 2. Positioning the BlackMax
The BlackMax is designed to be a freestanding weatherproof system (suitable for outdoor locations).
It is recommended to locate the system in a shaded area to reduce the chances of overheating. It should also be placed close to the solar panels to minimise voltage drop and power loss.
The BlackMax can be secured to the ground via the four holes in the feet of the system. This can be done with the Dynabolts, or screws supplied in the Parts kit, or other material appropriate fixings.

Clearance:
Allow 600mm spacing on both sides of the BlackMax.
If positioning the BlackMax against the wall of a habitable room, then the clearance requirements are as per AS5139 and shown at right, must be observed. In addition, the wall should be made of non-flammable material, if it is a habitable room.

Note: If the BlackMax is placed at least 300mm off the wall of any building, then these requirements of

AS5139 do not apply. According to AS/NZS

Ventilation:
Cooling air flow passes up through the vents in the base of the system and then out the fan located on the top left-hand side of the unit. Do not block the air vents as the system may overheat and shutdown. If the BlackMax does shutdown because of overheating, it will automatically restart once it cools down again. The fan is controlled by a temperature switch set to 25⁰C in the factory, which can be adjusted on site.

Step 3. Solar array sizing and layout
The PV Array should be designed and installed in accordance with AS/NZS 5033 and the latest CEC Installation guidelines. Caution should be taken in selecting PV panels and the wiring method to ensure the rated Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) and Short Circuit Current (Isc) is not exceeded (factoring in the coldest and hottest expected ambient temperatures). The maximum Voc for the BlackMax is 500Vdc. This usually means a maximum 9 panels in series when using typical 400 Watt panels. The maximum Isc is 19.5 amps. This means a maximum of one string in parallel when using typical solar panels. (<15.6A per panel taking into consideration the 1.25x derating factor of Isc, used in Australia)

Note that the BlackMax has two MPPTs, so PV panels can be installed facing in two different directions.
Example calculation of maximum number of solar panels in the array:
Below are the specifications of a typical 400W panel that RedEarth supplies in the complete BlackMax PowerStation kit (as of December 2023).

Electrical characteristics 400W panel	Mono-Crystalline Module (HiE-S       UF)
Maximum Rating Power (Pm)	W	400
Open Circuit Voltage (VoC)	V	49.5
Short Circuit Current (Isc)	A	10.12
Maximum Power Voltage (Vmp)	V	41
Maximum Power Current (Imp)	A	9.76
Module Efficiency	%	21.3
Maximum System Voltage	V	DC 1,500
Temperature Coefficient of Pmax	% / °C	-0.340
Temperature Coefficient of Voc	% / °C	-0.270
Temperature Coefficient of Isc	% / °C	+0.040

Maximum number of panels in series (Max. PV array voltage):
For the 400W panel shown above, Isc is 10.12 Amps at 25degC. If the highest expected temperature is 50degC then the temperature correction is +25degC x +0.040% = +1.00%. This means that at 50degC the Ioc is 1.00% higher than at 25degC = 1.010 x 10.12 = 10.22Amps. As the temperature increases the Ioc Increases which is why the highest temperature is important for Ioc calculations. The Isc rating of the BlackMax Is 19.5A per MPPT. In Australia the Isc rating is decreased by 1.25x to get the usable Isc. This means a maximum of 19.5/1.25 = 15.6 Amps Is allowed according to the Australian standards.
This means that a maximum of one (1) string can be connected in parallel.

Total maximum number of panels:
This means that a total of 18 x 400W panels with these specifications can be connected to the BlackMax. This is 18 x 400W = 7.2kW.
To achieve closer to the maximum 7800W rating of the BlackMax inverter is recommended to seek lower voltage panels that remain within the short circuit current limit of 15.6A Isc.

An example of this is the Tindo Karra 410W, specs below:

Electrical Characteristics
108 Cell Module		Karra – 410G2H
Item	Unit	*STC	*NMOT
Max. power (Pmax)	Wp	410	301
Max. power voltage (Vmp)	V	31.11	28.6
Max. power current (Imp)	A	13.18	10.5
Open circuit voltage (Voc)	V	37.11	34.3
Short circuit current (Isc)	A	13.93	11.3
Panel efficiency	%	20.6
Positive power tolerance	W	0 + ~ 5

*STC (Standard Test Condition): 1,000 W/m2, AM 1.5,25°C/ *NMOT (Nominal Module Operating Temperature): 800W/m2, 20°C, wind speed 1m/s, Tolerance of Pmax, Voc &Isc ± 3% within each watt class at STC.

WARNING
The Solar DC circuit breaker on the BlackMax must be in the  off position before any solar panels are connected

Step 4. Electrical Connections

Before any electrical connections are made, check all internal electrical connections are secure and have not come loose during transport.
Ensure that all breakers, as well as those supplying power to the unit, are turned OFF.

Overview of the connection layout
To access the full 6kVA power of the BlackMax the load needs to be hard wired to terminals inside the unit, usually via an external switchboard. The two power points are rated at 15A (3.6kW) and 10 amps (max. 2.4kW).

Earthing the Unit: The unit should be earthed to an appropriate earth stake. The earth cable can be connected to the earth bar (or terminal block) inside the unit with the cable passed out through the second 25mm gland on the lower left side of the BlackMax. Alternatively, the BlackMax can be earthed via an external switchboard with an Earth stake installed.

MEN Link: There is a MEN link installed in the BlackMax. If an external switchboard contains a MEN link, then the one inside the BlackMax should be removed & the BlackMax hard wired to the main switchboard.
The generator should be hard-wired to the terminal block inside the unit. Alternatively, an AC coupled renewables sources or the grid connection can be hard-wired to the same terminal block inside the unit. Please note, the BlackMax doesn’t support the concurrent operation of a generator and either the grid supply or an AC-coupled renewable energy source. The inverter needs to be pre-configured for one of these options. By default, the BlackMax is set up for a generator. Therefore, please inform RedEarth before connecting the system to an alternative renewable energy source. See section 4.5 AC Source Connection below.

Solar array connection
For ease of installation, the BlackMax comes with its own PV isolation MCBs and pre-terminated MC4 connectors on the inside of the unit, as shown. To connect the solar power, take the two cables coming from each Solar array, insert the unterminated cables through the hole on the right side of the system using a 25mm weatherproof gland from the Parts kit. Then terminate the correct MC4’s on the cables once it is inside the unit. Suitable MC4 connectors are included in the Parts kit. Next, check for correct polarity and Voc at the isolator terminals, Then, with the BlackMax PV breaker still in the off position connect the PV cables from the solar array to the pre-terminated MC4 cables inside the unit. The PV array is now ready to be used.

• When exposed to light, photovoltaic (PV) array supplies D.C. voltage to the Inverter.
• Installing a PV array with voltage or current values above the inverter rating will damage the BlackMax unit and will void the warranty.

Battery connection
The RedEarth Troppo batteries are shipped inside the unit and can be found in the rear section of the BlackMax.
For transportation or maintenance or to add an additional Troppo battery, the batteries can be accessed from the top by lifting the lid, or from the rear by removing the rear panel.

Removing or Installing a TROPPO: 

ATTENTION 
If the battery polarity is connected incorrectly, it will damage  the BlackMax system.

Load connection
There are two ways to connect the loads.
First, via the external 15A and 10A power points. Simply plug in a device to the GPO’s labelled Power Output. Note that each plug can also accept 10A plugs. Note also that this output is limited to 15 Amps (approximately 3.6kW) and 10A (approximately 2.4kW).

Alternatively, an external switchboard can be hard-wired to the BlackMax by attaching the active, neutral and earth to the terminal’s blocks labelled “Loads” on the inside of the unit. See pictures at right. This provides access to the full 6kVA rating of the BlackMax. An example of an external generator connected to the BlackMax is shown here.

If the BlackMax is hardwired into a switchboard, RedEarth recommends it be connected to an appropriately rated circuit breaker. This MCB should be installed on the far left- hand side of the switches on the DIN rail inside the switchboard. It should also contain the MEN link and a suitable Earth. The MEN link inside the BlackMax is then removed (see image).

NOTE: This Switchboard must contain all necessary stickers and traffolytes, i.e., PV and ES. These can be found in the Parts Kit box.

AC source connection
There are several options for connecting AC sources to the BlackMax.
A unique feature of the BlackMax is that the generator input port is very versatile and can also be factory configured to act as an AC output port.

Generator solar connection—to generator terminals inside the BlackMax
As the BlackMax is often installed as an entirely off-grid system it is strongly recommended to have a generator available to provide extra energy during periods of extended overcast conditions or heavy usage.
A generator can be used to run the loads and charge the batteries if they become depleted during the night, and you do not want to wait until the morning for the solar panels to start recharging the batteries. You can also top up your batteries with the generator if you are expecting poor weather conditions or heavy usage. Note that the default battery charging rate is set to 1.5kW. This can be adjusted depending on the size of the generator available. Max. 40A constant P/through. The generator is hardwired to the BlackMax. Simply connect the active, neutral and earth from the generator to these terminal blocks, via a 25mm gland from the Parts kit. This allows up to 6kVA to be provided by the generator, assuming it is of sufficient size. See the Commissioning Section – Step 5 below to adjust the amount of power the BlackMax will draw from the generator. An optional generator auto-start feature is available in the BlackMax if the generator is set-up for 2-wire auto-start, see Section 4.6 below. The following generator specifications must also be met for a guaranteed compatibility with the inverter. Ideally an Inverter-Generator is used as these provide more stable output power. RedEarth can also recommend generators that work with the BlackMax.

• Generator waveform THD: < 10%.
• Generator Vrms range: 180 ~ 264Vac
• Generator voltage crest factor (Vpeak/Vrms): < 1.6
• Generator peak voltage: <380V
• Frequency range: 45Hz ~ 55Hz
• Frequency slew rate: <0.3Hz/sec

Grid connection—to generator terminals inside the BlackMax
When connecting the grid to your BlackMax it is best to think of the grid supply like a generator. When connecting the grid like a generator the grid will run between a pre-determined battery voltage range. In other words, the grid will begin charging automatically when the batteries are low, and automatically stop when the batteries return to a healthy state of charge. When connecting the grid in this form, no extra connection work is required, simply connect the grid into the same generator terminals.

NOTE: The grid is limited to 1.5KW by default, if you wish to increase this, please contact RedEarth of follow the steps outlined later in the manual. See section “Adjusting the inverter parameters”.

AC-coupled solar inverter connection—to generator terminals inside the BlackMax
Instead of a generator (or the grid) an extra AC-coupled renewables source, like a Fronius inverter can be used. This may be of interest in remote sites where supplying diesel generators with fuel is too expensive or difficult. Having oversized PV generation capacity means that even in overcast periods there is enough PV being generated to keep the site operating without the need for diesel generator backup. Note that additional battery capacity may be required. In this case it is important you adjust the system configuration as by default the BlackMax will expect a generator connection. To accommodate this change, follow the steps outlined in section “Adjusting the inverter parameters” or contact RedEarth support before connecting any alternative AC Source. Select “Micro Inv Input”. This setting utilizes generator input port as a micro-inverter for grid inverter input (AC coupled). This is compatible with all frequency shiftable “grid-tied” inverters.

Smart load output connection 
Don’t have a generator or an AC coupled source? Don’t fret, we can customise this port to add more value to your BlackMax System.
The generator input terminals can also be configured to act as a controlled AC output. It could be used to run an air-conditioner and be switched off once the battery reaches a pre-set state-of-charge.

Smart Load Output Mode:
This mode activates when battery SOC and PV power surpass user-set thresholds. For example. Turn on your air conditioning system: ON at 100%, OFF at 95%. In this example you’re aircon turns on automatically when PV power exceeds 500W and battery SOC is 100% and turns off automatically when battery SOC is below 95%. Like connecting an AC Coupled Source – it is important to adjust the system configuration during installation as by default the BlackMax will expect a generator connection.

To accommodate this change, follow the steps outlined in section “Adjusting the inverter parameters” or contact RedEarth support before connecting any additional AC Source.

Flashing light connection (and generator auto-start connection)

Flashing light to indicate low battery SOC:

The BlackMax comes with a pre-wired orange light that begins flashing when the state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery drops to 20% or the battery voltage drops below 51 volts, whichever comes first.
This is meant as a signal that it is time for the user to either reduce their loads until the sun returns in the morning or to start their generator now. If an auto-start generator is connected, then it should have already started before the orange light starts flashing. If it has not, then there may be an issue with the generator (e.g., starter battery is flat). The flashing light will continue until the battery reaches an SOC of 40% or 54.0 volts at which point the battery will usually have enough charge to continue until the sun comes up in the morning. The generator can be run as long as desired, remembering that it will typically charge the batteries at 1.5kW. So, if the generator runs for 2 hours it will add 3kWh to the batteries.

Generator 2-wire auto-start (dry contact):
In addition to the flashing light a 2-wire auto start cable can be installed to automate the generator running. This requires a suitable generator with 2-wire auto-start feature. The flashing light will remain available as we provide two dry-contact points in the BlackMax. This is done by inserting the two wires from the generator auto-start into the NO and COM terminals marked “Generator Auto Start”. A 2-wire auto-start cable is not supplied by RedEarth.

Tip: When using an AutoStart generator, install a small battery charger on the generators battery so it does not discharge over time. Otherwise, the generator should be operated each week to charge the starter battery. RedEarth can supply a suitable charger for an additional cost.

Remote monitoring system—connection (optional)
When the BlackMax was initially purchased, the monitoring device will already be installed, setup and tested in the factory. Remote monitoring allows the BlackMax to be monitored from anywhere using RedEarth’s EMU app. Note that it requires mobile phone coverage to work. Another internet source can be used, e.g., local WiFi from Starlink, which RedEarth can assist with. 4G can be used if you join Optimum via the RedEarth EMU app. See image on right of a BlackMax with the remote monitoring equipment installed and a guide to where to run the antenna cable.

To finalize installation of the remote monitoring system: 

1. Position the antenna in an area that maximises reception of the mobile phone signal. The antenna is already connected to the BlackMax.
2. Have the customer register their BlackMax by scanning the QR code on the outside of the BlackMax. This allows them to setup their monitoring as explained in Section 6.
   Monitoring the BlackMax. Once this is done and the start- up procedure has been completed, call RedEarth – Tech Support to confirm that remote monitoring is working.
   Note that an Installer login is available in addition to customer logins.
3. Sign up for RedEarth’s Optimum service to enable monitoring—This comes with a monthly fee to cover the ongoing monitoring data costs (3/4G SIM). It also includes monitoring by RedEarth to provide additional peace-of-mind and to simplify any required trouble shooting. Finally, the customer becomes a member of the RedEarth community and as such can choose to receive regular updates relevant to their electricity usage.

Step 5. Commissioning the BlackMax

Turning ON the BlackMax

To turn on the BlackMax follow the steps below:

1. Open the lid (remove the two screws at the front left and right first), switch ON the battery breakers on the top of each Troppo battery. The LED and display on each battery will come on. Check that the battery voltage on the displays is reading between 48 and 55 volts. Close the lid.
2. Switch ON the BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. ISOLATOR (#4), found on the right side of the unit. The Victron battery monitor on the top of the system will come on at this time as it is monitoring the overall DC battery status. It indicates the state-of-charge (SOC) of the batteries. It provides the most accurate readings of SOC. Note that when the system is initially installed it may take a few days for the SOC to calibrate, which occurs once the system has gone through a few charge-discharge cycles. This also applies if an extra battery has been added to the system later (In this case also don’t forget to update the battery size in the Victron monitor so it can calculate SOC correctly, see instructions in the Adjusting the Inverter Parameters in the section below)
3. Switch ON the SOLAR D.C. ISOLATORS (#3), found on the right side of the unit. and check the PV isolator on the left side of the Inverter
4. Turn ON the AC circuit breakers (#2), found on the left side of the unit. The GENERATOR USAGE METER (AC) will only come on if there is power available from a generator or the grid.
5. Open the front door (using the supplied tool to open the two locks) Press the “On/Off” button (#1) on the left hand side of the inverter. The display in the centre of the inverter should soon reflect “ON” in the middle. Please note, it may take 2-3 minutes for the inverter to begin inverting. Once the inverter has started up fully the INVERTER USAGE METER (AC) display on the left side of the unit will turn on showing the AC voltage that the BlackMax is producing together with the current and Watts going to the load. (either via the GPOs or a hard-wired switchboard)

Shutdown procedure
The shutdown procedure is the reverse of the “turn on” procedure and is shown below. This procedure label can be found attached to the lid of the BlackMax.

1. Press the “On/Off” button (#1) on the left-hand side of the inverter. Button is OUT when system is OFF.
2. Turn OFF all AC circuit breakers (#2), found on the left side of the unit.
3. Switch OFF the SOLAR D.C. ISOLATORS (#3), found on the right side of the unit.
4. Switch OFF the BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. ISOLATOR (#4), found on the right side of the unit.

SHUTDOWN PROCEDURE

1. Press the On/Off button on side of inverter
2. Switch OFF on all AC circuit breakers
3. Switch OFF the SOLAR D.C. ISOLATOR
4. Switch OFF the BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. ISOLATOR

WARNING
BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. ISOLATOR DOES NOT DE-ENERGISE THE BATTERY SYSTEM AND BATTERY SYSTEM CABLING
The battery breaker on top of each battery does not have to be turned off if the BATTERY SYSTEM D.C. breaker is already off. However, it is recommended to turn them off for long term storage (up to 6 months).

Tip: If the BlackMax is put into storage, after 6 months the system should be restarted to recharge the batteries (e.g., via a generator).

Adjusting the inverter parameters
The BlackMax has been commissioned and tested in RedEarth’s factory.
Only minor parameter adjustments may be required:
The most feature rich method of updating any settings on the BlackMax is through the SolarMan smart application. Similar results can be achieved via the screen directly on the BlackMax however the most efficient method is to use this application in Local Mode

How to Access Local Mode

To access Local Mode follow the steps below:

1.     Once logged in, navigate to the “Applications Tab and select “Local Mode” (Green Button).

2.     Once logged in, navigate to the “Applications Tab and select “Local Mode” (Green Button).

3.  You will then be prompted to scan the small QR code located on the wifi dongle at the bottom of the inverter, or enter the logger serial number located on the BlackMax install card. 4.       After connecting you will see some summary data

5.   To view real-time data select “Real time”. 6.   To adjust parameters locally, select “Parameters”

Standard Settings
If for any reason your inverter has been reset, or you have accidentally changed settings and wish to return them to the RedEarth Default you can do so by entering the following settings for each section.

Adjusting Generator Charge Rate
To adjust the generator limit you must adjust two parameters.

1. Adjust the Power in section “Time 1”, this will adjust how much the generator can be used to feed any loads if the battery is full.
2. Adjust the “Gen Charge Amperes” setting, this will adjust the number of Amps in which the generator will be allowed to charge the battery.

SMART LOAD SETUP
The generator input port can be reconfigured as either a smart load output port or as an AC-coupled renewable energy input port.

Smart Load Output (e.g., to connect an air-conditioner)
To convert the generator port to a smart load output (disabling generator functionality), navigate to the smart load setting panel and adjust the smart load setup dropdown to read “Smart Load Output”.

For the Smart Load Output, there are several simple parameters to tune it to the customers’ requirements:

Smart Load OFF Batt:
This is the Battery SOC at which the Smart load switches off. (e.g. air-conditioner turns off)

Smart Load ON Batt:
This is the Battery SOC at which the Smart load switches on simultaneously, turning on the load. (e.g. air-conditioner turns on)

On Grid always on:
Clicking “on Grid always on” activates the smart load when the grid is present.
AC-coupled renewable input port (e.g. to connect an extra PV inverter)
To convert the generator port to a smart load output (disabling generator functionality), navigate to the SmartLoad Setting panel and adjust the Smart Load Setup dropdown to read “Micro Inv Input”.

There are some simple parameters to tune the AC-coupled renewables input port to your customer’s requirements:

Micro Inv Input OFF:
Microinverter or grid-tied inverter shuts down when battery SOC exceeds this set value.

Micro Inv Input ON:
Microinverter or grid-tied inverter starts working when battery SOC is lower than this set value.

AC Couple Fre High:
If “Micro Inv input” is chosen, microinverter output power decreases linearly as battery SOC approaches this set value (OFF).
When battery SOC equals the set value (OFF), system frequency becomes the set value (AC couple Fre high), and the Microinverter stops working.
Stops exporting power produced by the microinverter to the grid.

MI Export to Grid Cutoff
Enabling this setting allows you to adjust the level of export to the grid when the batteries are full from the renewable AC Source.

NOTE: Changes to the BlackMax settings must be done by a trained/qualified person. If in doubt, contact RedEarth Support

BlackMax Fault Codes

Error code	Description	Solutions
F08	GFDI _Relay_Failure	When inverter is in Split phase(120/240Vac) or three-phase system (120/208Vac) system, the backup load port N line needs to connect ground;  If the fault still exists, please contact us for help.
F13	Working mode change	When the grid type and frequency changed it will report F13; When the battery mode was changed to “No battery” mode, it will report F13; For some old FW version, it will report F13 when the system work mode changed; Generally, it will disappear automatically when shows F13; If still same, and turn off the DC switch and AC switch and wait for one minute and then turn on the DC/AC switch; Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F18	AC over current fault of hardware	AC side over current fault Please check whether the backup load power and common load power are within the range;  Restart and check whether it is in normal; Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F20	DC over current fault of the hardware	DC side over current fault Check PV module connect and battery connect; When in the off-grid mode, the inverter startup with big power load, it may report F20. Please reduce the load power connected;  Turn off the DC switch and AC switch and then wait one minute, then turn on the DC/AC switch again;  Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F22	Tz_EmergStop_Fault	Please contact your installer for help.
F23	AC leakage current is transient over current	Leakage current fault Check PV side cable ground connection. Restart the system 2~3 times. If the fault still exists, please contact us for help.
F24	DC insulation impedance failure	PV isolation resistance is too low  Check the connection of PV panels and inverter is firmly and correctly; Check whether the PE cable of inverter is connected to ground; Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F26	The DC busbar is unbalanced	Please wait for a while and check whether it is normal; When the hybrid in split phase mode, and the load of L1 and load of L2 is big different, it will report the F26. Restart the system 2~3 times. Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F29	Parallel CANBus fault	When in parallel mode, check the parallel communication cable connection and hybrid inverter communication address setting; During the parallel system startup period, inverters will report F29. when all inverters are in ON status, it will disappear automatically; If the fault still exists, please contact us for help.
F34	AC Overcurrent fault	Check the backup load connected, make sure it is in allowed power range; If the fault still exists, please contact us for help.
F35	No AC grid	No Utility Please confirm grid is lost or not;  Check the grid connection is good or not; Check the switch between inverter and grid is on or not; Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F41	Parallel system stop	Check the hybrid inverter working status. If there’s 1 pcs hybrid inverter is in OFF status, the other hybrid inverters may report F41 fault in parallel system. If the fault still exists, please contact us for help.
F42	AC line low voltage	Grid voltage fault Check the AC voltage is in the range of standard voltage in specification; Check whether grid AC cables are firmly and correctly connected;  Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.

F47	AC over frequency	Grid frequency out of range Check the frequency is in the range of specification or not;  Check whether AC cables are firmly and correctly connected;  Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F48	AC lower frequency	Grid frequency out of range Check the frequency is in the range of specification or not; Check whether AC cables are firmly and correctly connected;  Seek help from us, if can not go back to normal state.
F56	DC busbar voltage is too low	Battery voltage low  Check whether battery voltage is too low; If the battery voltage is too low, using PV or grid to charge the battery; Seek help from us, if can not go back to normal state.
F58	BMS communication fault	It tells the communication between hybrid inverter and battery BMS disconnected when”BMS_Err-Stop” is active;  If don’t want to see this happen, you can disable “BMS_Err- Stop” item on the LCD;  If the fault still exists, please contact us for help.
F63	ARC fault	ARC fault detection is only for US market; Check PV module cable connection and clear the fault; Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.
F64	Heat sink high temperature failure	Heat sink temperature is too high Check whether the work environment temperature is too high; Turn off the inverter for 10mins and restart; Seek help from us, if cannot go back to normal state.

Victron BMV setup – State-of-charge measurement
The Victron BMV provides the most accurate state of charge measurement of the batteries. It uses a shunt to measure the current flowing into and out of the battery, rather than just relying on the battery voltage. For it to provide the correct readings the battery size needs to be entered correctly. This is done in the factory, however if an additional battery is added later then this value will need to be updated. In addition, the Victron BMV will need to calibrate itself over a couple of charge-discharge cycles to be completely accurate after the initial installation. The procedure to change the Battery capacity is most easily done by using the VictronConnect App. The table shows the settings to apply for the BlackMax.  Review the Victron BMV manual provided in the Parts kit for additional details.

Battery settings
Battery capacity	80Ah: One Troppo battery 160Ah: Two Troppo batteries 240Ah: Three Troppo batteries
Charging voltage	57.6V
Discharge floor	0%
Tail current	4.00%
Charged detection time	3m
Peukert exponent	1.05
Charge efficiency factor	96%
Current threshold	0.10A
Time-to-go averaging period	3m
Battery starts synchronized Battery SOC after a reset will be 100
State-of-Charge Manually set the current state of charge	30%. Manually set SOC to initial state-of-charge (usually 30% from the factory)
Synchronize SOC to 100%	No need to synchronize. Can be done if the batteries are known to be full.

Fan Control Adjustment
The thermostat that controls the fan operation is located inside the unit near the fan. This automatically starts the fans once the temperature rises above the set-point. This set-point can easily be adjusted with a small screwdriver. It is set to 25⁰ Celsius in the factory. Turn this screw until the fan comes on then reset it to 25⁰ Celsius, or the desired setting.

Test the operation of the backup generator, if available.
If the customer has a generator, now is the time to test that it charges the BlackMax, and to demonstrate this to the customer. Many future issues can be avoided if the customer’s generator is tested during installation to confirm that it syncs with the inverter and chargers the batteries.

Note: when the generator is connected the battery will be charged as a priority. Other loads will also be powered by the generator at the same time. The amount of load that will be drawn by the generator is dependant on the configuration of the BlackMax (Default Max 1.5KW), please ensure this is set appropriately as if the other loads are too high the generator may become overloaded, and if set to low, the generator will be under utilized. If the generator starts due to low SOC it is always recommended to reduce your other loads while the battery is being charged.

The ‘GENERATOR USAGE METER (AC)’ on the right side of the system shows the load the generator is supplying. The power display in Watts can be used to ensure that the generator does not become overloaded. The generator is only needed if the battery becomes depleted. This usually occurs when after the sun has gone down, and the solar panels are not charging the battery. If the BlackMax shuts down during the night, then it will automatically begin recharging itself in the morning when the sun comes up.

NOTE: When using the grid instead of a generator the ‘GENERATOR USAGE METER (AC)’ display will remain on. The current reading will however show 0amps unless the grid is called upon (e.g. low soc), or is force enabled through settings. Note: in the event of a blackout this screen will turn off and no power will be available from the grid until the blackout passes,

Flashing light alert
The flashing light will come on when the State-of-charge (SOC) of the battery drops to 20% or the battery voltage drops below 51 volts, whichever comes first. The flashing light will continue until the battery reaches an SOC of 40% or 53.8 volts. During installation this can only be tested if the battery voltage or SOC drops below these settings, which may not occur while the installer is onsite. A partial test can be conducted by logging into the Victron Connect app and manually closing the Invert relay switch. This will start the light flashing.

Generator 2-wire auto-start
If the generator 2-wire auto-start option has been installed during installation at the customer’s site, then it will be necessary to confirm the generator auto starts during installation. To do this complete the following steps to force start the generator.

• Step 1. Select the Settings menu in the top right of the home screen, if you are not at this screen press “Esc” repeatedly until you return home.
• Step 2. Then select Battery Settings
• Step 3. Navigate to page 2 with the down arrow:
• Step 4. Enable “Gen Force” and press the tick.
• Step 5. Press escape, shortly you will hear a click which is the generator auto start contactor closing, you will then see a generator appear on the home screen and the generator should start. If you have any issues, contact RedEarth support.

Step 6. Monitoring the BlackMax

There are currently two ways to monitor the BlackMax.

1. Locally via the screen on the front of the Inverter
2. Remote monitoring via the RedEarth EMU App (Optional)

OPTION 1. The BlackMax displays:
The BlackMax includes 4 on-board displays to monitor and control the system.
These are the Inverter display and Victron BMV display in the lid and the two load monitors on the left side of the system.

Inverter display
The Inverter display also allows parameters to be adjusted. Icons represent the different operating modes and arrows indicate the direction of power flow. Below are a few images illustrating some of the most common operating situations. A detailed explanation of the display icons can be found in the SUN-6K Inverter manual in the Parts kit included with your system.

1. Home screen
2. Generator summary
3. Load summary
4. Solar summary
5. Battery summary

Victron SOC display
The Victron display is set to show the State-of-charge (SOC) in the factory.
It can show a number of different battery parameters by pressing the ‘+’ and ‘-‘ buttons.

AC power displays
The two AC displays on the right side of the system show the AC power coming out of and going into the unit. When power is available the display turns on. The normal display shows the AC voltage, the AC current and the total power in Watts. If the SAM-CK button on the bottom left of the display is pressed, then the display changes to showing Power factor, cumulative operating hours and cumulative AC energy delivered (in kWh). The cumulative AC energy and operating hours are retained even when the display is turned off.

OPTION 2. Remote monitoring via RedEarth’s EMU app
Monitoring your system is done via RedEarth’s EMU app.
To setup monitoring follow the steps below.
Scan the QR code sticker attached on your system.

It looks like this:

Scanning the code will take you to the RedEarth customer portal. Enter the information requested and register your warranty to get the most from your investment in your BlackMax as well as RedEarth’s PPP.
After completing the warranty registration, you can easily create an account on the RedEarth EMU app with the same email and start viewing your system straight away. If you have any issues email support@redearth.energy or call RedEarth tech support number: 1800 733 637 Click on the Google Play or App Store icons to download the RedEarth EMU app. Create your account and RedEarth will immediately send a confirmation email to your email account.
Now you are good to go!

Step 7. Finalising installation and customer handover
Before handing over the system, go through the following items and be sure that they have been completed.

• Check for proper weatherproof seals on all entry glands to the BlackMax, including PV cables, earth, antenna if supplied, and load or generator if hard-wired, otherwise close these holes with the covers supplied in the Parts kit.
• Check that the system is correctly earthed, either via the customer’s local earth or through a locally installed earth stake.
• A MEN link is installed as required.
• All cable connections are tight.
• Ensure that the two protective plastic covers are in place over the AC and DC wiring.
• Explain to the customer how the system operates and how to operate it (also see User Manual)
  • Demonstrate starting and stopping the system.
  • Explain the monitoring displays
    • Main inverter display in the lid
    • Victron state-of-charge meter in the lid. (option to show them the Victron Bluetooth monitoring App)
    • Internal Battery display readings
    • Left side displays – explaining and demonstrating AC power OUT and IN readings. Connect a range of loads to demonstrate their different power consumption.
  • Demonstrate the customers generator charging the BlackMax (also confirms that the customers generator is suitable). Confirm that the charge rate is set correctly for the generator available. The default setting is 1.5kW. Explain to the customer that if other loads are on while the generator is charging the battery then these will be additional load on the generator, which may overload a smaller generator.
  • If remote monitoring in installed, assist the customer to download the RedEarth EMU app on their mobile phone and register their system and warranty using the QR code on the side of the system.
• Check screws holding the lid down are in place. Check the vents and fans are properly attached.
• Provide all Manuals, documents, and spare parts to the customer.
• The system is now ready for handover.

Services and options available for the BlackMax
RedEarth can provide several options for the BlackMax.

• Additional Troppo batteries – up to the maximum of three for the BlackMax (12.3kWh nominal)
• Remote monitoring option (if not ordered with the initial purchase) – requires additional hardware and mobile phone coverage.
  • RedEarth keeps an eye on your system. This service comes with a monthly fee.
  • It includes membership of RedEarth Optimum which provides quarterly advice on how your system is performing.
• BlackMax Power Station Kit: PV panels, racking and pre-terminated PV cables
• Information on suitable Generators (including with 2-wire auto start)

RedEarth has additional information on the website: www.redearth.energy.

RedEarth contact details
RedEarth Energy Storage Ltd.
15 Fienta Place, Darra,
Brisbane, QLD 4076
Australia

RedEarth office: (press ‘2’ for Tech support)

• (07) 3279 6707
• 1800 733 637
• Technical support: (Note: if you pre-book your approximate installation time then you will get through without delay) 0487 002 451
• Email: support@redearth.energy

Appendix A.

Single Line Diagram: Power 

Single Line Diagram: Communications 

Single Line Diagram: Generic Main Switchboard 

Appendix B. 

Technical Specifications: BlackMax

PV Input
MPP Voltage Range	60VDC – 450VDC
Max. Input Voltage (VOC)	500VDC
Max. Input Current	27ADC
Short Circuit Current (ISC)	30ADC
Battery
Battery type	Lithium-Ion Phosphate
Nominal Energy Capacity	4.1kWh per Troppo (4.1 / 8.2 / 12.3)
AC Input and Ouput
Rated AC Voltage	230V
Rated AC Frequency	50Hz
Max.Continuous Output Power	5000 W
Max.Continuous Output Current	21.7 AAC
Peak Output Power	6000 W
Peak Output Current	26.1 AAC
Max.Continuous Input Power	5000 W
Max.Continuous Input Current	21.7 AAC
Power Factor	1.0
Safety Class/Enclosure	Class I – IP 43
Topology (Solar/Battery)	Transformerless Non-isolated /Transformerless Non-isolated
Ambient Temperature	-25⁰C … +40⁰C
Maximum Altitude	1500m
Overvoltage Category	III (GENERATOR), II (PV)(BATTERY)
Decisive Voltage Class	DVC-C

Technical Specifications: Deye SUN-6K-SG04 

Technical Specifications: RedEarth Troppo battery

*Recommended average charging amps per battery over the warranty period.

Short-circuit Current (ISC)
1x	0.4 kA
2x	0.8 kA
3x	1.2 kA

UN Number
	3481

Frequently Asked Questions

“I lost power!” What should I do?

R: The most likely reason for this is that the battery has reached the low SOC limit and has stopped inverting (producing 240V power). In this situation, turn the system off, start the generator, turn your BlackMax on again as recommended in the “Shutdown and Start-up” procedure in this manual. HOWEVER, be sure to leave the Power OUT breaker turned off. This will allow all the power generated to go directly to the battery and not to the load. Let the batteries charge for 15 minutes and then turn on the main breaker. NOTE: You can turn the main breaker on again but be careful not to use more than is being produced. This will lead to draining the batteries even more and possibly damaging them. If you do not have a generator, then wait until there is PV power available. The inverter will automatically recharge the battery and turn back on once the battery is at a safe level.

What happens if my Troppo batteries go completely flat, with no lights on the battery itself?

R: This will happen if the BlackMax is re-started and the battery not immediately charged. Contact RedEarth’s technical support on 1800 733 637. NOTE: This system will still work in Emergency Power Mode – meaning that limited power will be available when the solar panel are in sunlight.

My Generator is not charging the batteries. What does this mean?

R: The first and most obvious thing to check in this situation is that the Power IN breaker is turned on. If so, the power produced by the generator might not be within the inverter’s acceptable range. Look at the generator requirements in Attachment C of the installation manual. Some cheap generators do not produce power of sufficient quality to charge the batteries, even though they can still run simple loads like fans and heaters. Another possibility is that the generator is supplying power to the loads and there is not enough to recharge the batteries. Try turning off the Power OUT breaker for a while and see if the batteries are now taking charge.

Can I install the BlackMax system myself?

Installation should be done by licensed electricians or suitably qualified personnel who are familiar with the system's operation and safety hazards.

How many Troppo batteries are required to utilize the full power of the inverter?

To use the full power available from the inverter, at least 2 Troppo batteries are required.

What should I do in case of a fire involving the Troppo battery?

Use a dry agent fire extinguisher, evacuate the area, call emergency services, and do not use water on the fire. Toxic gas may be produced if the battery catches fire.

• How do I know if the battery is full/empty?
  Because the Troppo batteries don’t interact/communicate with the inverter, the SOC is a calculation based on voltage parameters. What this means is that the SOC is not always accurate.
  The best way of estimating the SOC of the batteries is by analysing the Voltage. In the example on the right, if the battery has about 53V, the SOC is neat to 100% (blue arrow). Or, if at 48V, the SOC is below 6% (red arrow). With a range between 64 and 45 Volts, identify the SOC according to Appendix A in this manual.

Troppo-4841
State-of-charge (SOC) vs. battery voltage (with no load)

Documents / Resources

RedEarth BMX Series BlackMax Off Grid And On Grid Battery System [pdf] Instruction Manual BMX-104, BMX-108, BMX-112, BMX Series BlackMax Off Grid And On Grid Battery System, BlackMax Off Grid And On Grid Battery System, Grid And On Grid Battery System, Grid Battery System, Battery System

References

• User Manual