UM2606
Buku la ogwiritsa ntchito
Kuyamba ndi IOTA Distributed Ledger
Kukula kwa mapulogalamu aukadaulo a STM32Cube
Mawu Oyamba
The X-CUBE-IOTA1 Kukulitsa mapulogalamu phukusi kwa Mtengo wa STM32Cube imayenda pa STM32 ndipo imaphatikizapo zida zapakati kuti zithandizire ntchito za IOTA Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).
IOTA DLT ndi gawo lokhazikika komanso kusamutsa deta pa intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT). IOTA imalola anthu ndi makina kusamutsa ndalama ndi/kapena deta popanda chindapusa chilichonse m'malo osadalirika, opanda chilolezo komanso ovomerezeka. Ukadaulo uwu umapangitsanso kulipira pang'ono kotheka popanda kufunikira kwa mkhalapakati wodalirika wamtundu uliwonse. Kukulaku kumamangidwa paukadaulo wa pulogalamu ya STM32Cube kuti muchepetse kusuntha kwa ma STM32microcontrollers osiyanasiyana. Mtundu wapano wa pulogalamuyo umayenda pa Mbiri ya B-L4S5I-IOT01A Zida zodziwira za IoT node ndikulumikizana ndi intaneti kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Wi-Fi.
ZOKHUDZANA NAZO
Pitani ku STM32Cube ecosystem web tsamba pa www.st.com kuti mudziwe zambiri
https://www.iota.org/get-started/what-is-iota
https://docs.iota.org/docs/getting-started/1.1/introduction/overview
https://iota-beginners-guide.com
https://chrysalis.docs.iota.org
https://iota-beginners-guide.com/future-of-iota/iota-1-5-chrysalis
https://www.boazbarak.org/cs127/Projects/iota.pdf
Acronyms ndi achidule
Table 1. Mndandanda wa acronyms
| Mwachidule | Kufotokozera |
| Mtengo wa DLT | Ukadaulo wa leja wogawidwa |
| IDE | Integrated chitukuko chilengedwe |
| IoT | Intaneti zinthu |
| PoW | Umboni wa Ntchito |
X-CUBE-IOTA1 kukulitsa mapulogalamu a STM32Cube
Zathaview
The X-CUBE-IOTA1 Pulogalamu yamapulogalamu ikuwonjezeka Mtengo wa STM32Cube magwiridwe antchito okhala ndi zofunikira izi:
- Malizitsani fimuweya kuti mupange mapulogalamu a IOTA DLT pama board a STM32
- Middleware library yokhala ndi:
- FreeRTOS
-Kuwongolera kwa Wi-Fi
- encryption, hashing, kutsimikizika kwa uthenga, ndi kusaina kwa digito (Cryptolib)
- chitetezo chamayendedwe (MbedTLS)
- IOTA Client API yolumikizana ndi Tangle - Dalaivala wathunthu kuti apange mapulogalamu omwe amapeza zoyenda ndi zowunikira zachilengedwe
- Examples kuthandiza kumvetsetsa momwe mungapangire pulogalamu ya Makasitomala a IOTA DLT
- Kusunthika kosavuta kumabanja osiyanasiyana a MCU, chifukwa cha STM32Cube
- Malayisensi aulere, osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
Kukula kwa mapulogalamu kumapereka zida zapakati kuti zithandizire IOTA DLT pa STM32 microcontroller. IOTA DLT ndi gawo lokhazikika komanso kusamutsa deta pa intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT). IOTA imalola anthu ndi makina kusamutsa ndalama ndi/kapena deta popanda chindapusa chilichonse m'malo osadalirika, opanda chilolezo komanso ovomerezeka. Ukadaulo uwu umapangitsanso kulipira pang'ono kotheka popanda kufunikira kwa mkhalapakati wodalirika wamtundu uliwonse.
IOTA 1.0
Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) amamangidwa pa netiweki ya node yomwe imakhala ndi ledger yogawidwa, yomwe ndi database yotetezedwa ndi cryptographically, yogawidwa kuti ilembe zochitika. Ma Node amapereka zochitika kudzera mu protocol yogwirizana.
IOTA ndi ukadaulo wa ledger womwe umapangidwira makamaka IoT.
Buku logawidwa la IOTA limatchedwa tangle ndipo limapangidwa ndi zochitika zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi node mu netiweki ya IOTA.
Kuti asindikize zomwe zikuchitika mu tangle, node iyenera:
- tsimikizirani zochitika ziwiri zosavomerezeka zotchedwa malangizo
- pangani ndi kusaina malonda atsopano
- perekani Umboni wokwanira wa Ntchito
- ulutsa zomwe zachitika ku netiweki ya IOTA
Kugulitsako kumangiriridwa ku tangle pamodzi ndi maumboni awiri omwe akulozera kuzinthu zovomerezeka.
Kapangidwe kameneka kakhoza kutsatiridwa ngati graphic acyclic graph, pomwe ma vertices amayimira zochitika zing'onozing'ono ndipo m'mphepete mwake amayimira maumboni pakati pamagulu awiriwa.
Kusinthana kwa genesis kuli pamzu wa tangle ndipo kumaphatikizapo ma tokeni onse a IOTA, otchedwa iotas.
IOTA 1.0 imagwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito mosagwirizana ndi zoyimira zautatu: chinthu chilichonse mu IOTA chimafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma trits = -1, 0, 1 m'malo mwa bits, ndi ma trytes a 3 trits m'malo mwa ma byte. Tryte imayimiridwa ngati chiwerengero choyambira -13 mpaka 13, chojambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo (AZ) ndi nambala 9.
IOTA 1.5 (Chrysalis) imalowa m'malo mwa magawo atatu ndi mawonekedwe a binary.
Netiweki ya IOTA imaphatikizapo ma node ndi makasitomala. Node imalumikizidwa ndi anzawo pa intaneti ndikusunga kopi ya tangle. Makasitomala ndi chipangizo chokhala ndi mbewu kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma adilesi ndi ma signature.
Makasitomala amapanga ndi kusaina zochitika ndikuzitumiza ku node kuti netiweki itsimikizire ndikusunga. Kubweza kuyenera kukhala ndi siginecha yolondola. Pamene malonda akuwoneka kuti ndi ovomerezeka, nodeyo imawonjezera ku ledja yake, imasintha masikelo a maadiresi omwe akhudzidwa ndikuwulutsa zomwe zikuchitika kwa oyandikana nawo.
IOTA 1.5 - Chrysalis
Cholinga cha IOTA Foundation ndikukwaniritsa ukonde waukulu wa IOTA pamaso pa Coordicide ndikupereka yankho lokonzekera bizinesi la IOTA ecosystem. Izi zimatheka ndikusintha kwapakatikati kotchedwa Chrysalis. Zowonjezera zazikulu zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi Chrysalis ndi:
- Maadiresi ogwiritsidwanso ntchito: kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya siginecha ya Ed25519, m'malo mwa Winternitz nthawi imodzi siginecha (W-OTS), imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutumiza zizindikiro kuchokera ku adilesi yomweyo kangapo;
- Palibenso mitolo: IOTA 1.0 imagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la mitolo kupanga kusamutsa. Mitolo ndi gulu la zochitika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi mizu yawo (thunthu). Ndi kusinthidwa kwa IOTA 1.5, kupanga mtolo wakale kumachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndikusintha kosavuta kwa Atomiki. The Tangle vertex imayimiridwa ndi Uthenga womwe ndi mtundu wa chidebe chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi zolipira mopanda malire (mwachitsanzo, Malipiro a Chizindikiro kapena Indexation payload);
- Chitsanzo cha UTXO: poyambirira, IOTA 1.0 inkagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chochokera ku akaunti potsata zizindikiro za IOTA: adiresi iliyonse ya IOTA inali ndi zizindikiro zingapo ndipo chiwerengero chophatikizana cha zizindikiro kuchokera ku maadiresi onse a IOTA chinali chofanana ndi chiwerengero chonse. M'malo mwake, IOTA 1.5 imagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chosagwiritsidwa ntchito chogwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena UTXO, pogwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la kufufuza ma tokeni omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito deta yotchedwa output;
- Mpaka Makolo 8: ndi IOTA 1.0, nthawi zonse mumayenera kutchula zochitika ziwiri za makolo. Ndi Chrysalis, ma node ochulukirapo omwe amatchulidwa (mpaka 2) amayambitsidwa. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, makolo osachepera awiri pa nthawi imodzi amalimbikitsidwa.
ZOKHUDZANA NAZO
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Chrysalis, chonde onani tsamba ili
Umboni wa Ntchito
Protocol ya IOTA imagwiritsa ntchito Umboni wa Ntchito ngati njira yochepetsera maukonde.
IOTA 1.0 idagwiritsa ntchito Curl-P-81 trinary hash function ndipo inkafunika hashi yokhala ndi nambala yofananira ya ziro tritit kuti ipereke ndalama ku Tangle.
Ndi Chrysalis, ndizotheka kutulutsa mauthenga a binary amtundu wosasintha. RFC iyi ikufotokoza momwe mungasinthire makina a PoW omwe alipo kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira zatsopano. Cholinga chake ndi kukhala chosokoneza pang'ono momwe zingathere pamakina amakono a PoW.
Zomangamanga
Kukula kwa STM32Cube kumeneku kumathandizira kuti mapulogalamu azitha kupeza ndikugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapakati ya IOTA DLT.
Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi STM32CubeHAL hardware abstraction layer for STM32 microcontroller ndipo imakulitsa STM32Cube ndi phukusi lapadera lothandizira (BSP) la bolodi lakukulitsa maikolofoni ndi zida zapakati zopangira ma audio ndi kulumikizana kwa USB ndi PC.
Zigawo zamapulogalamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pulogalamu ya pulogalamu yofikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito bolodi yokulitsa maikolofoni ndi:
- STM32Cube HAL wosanjikiza: imapereka ma API amtundu wanthawi zonse kuti agwirizane ndi zigawo zapamwamba (ntchito, malaibulale ndi ma stacks). Zimapangidwa ndi ma generic ndi ma API owonjezera kutengera kapangidwe kake komwe kamalola zigawo zina ngati gawo lapakati kuti lizigwira ntchito popanda kusanjidwa kwa Hardware kwa Microcontroller Unit (MCU). Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti ma code a library azitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito komanso kuti chipangizocho chisasunthike mosavuta.
- Phukusi la Board Support Package (BSP): ndi gulu la ma API omwe amapereka mawonekedwe amapulogalamu azinthu zina za board (LED, batani la ogwiritsa etc.). Mawonekedwewa amathandizanso kuzindikira mtundu wa bolodi ndikuthandizira kuyambitsa zotumphukira za MCU ndikuwerengera zowerengera.
Chithunzi 1. X-CUBE-IOTA1 mapulogalamu a zomangamanga
Mapangidwe a foda
Chithunzi 2. X-CUBE-IOTA1 mawonekedwe a foda
Mafoda otsatirawa akuphatikizidwa mu pulogalamu yamapulogalamu:
- Zolemba: ili ndi HTML yophatikizidwa file zopangidwa kuchokera ku code source ndi zolemba zatsatanetsatane zamapulogalamu apulogalamu ndi ma API
- Oyendetsa: ili ndi madalaivala a HAL ndi madalaivala apadera a board a board ndi mapulatifomu othandizira, kuphatikiza omwe ali pa board ndi CMSIS wosanjikiza wodziyimira pawokha wa hardware abstraction layer ya ARM® Cortex®-M processor series.
- Zapakati: ili ndi malaibulale omwe ali ndi FreeRTOS; Kuwongolera kwa Wi-Fi; encryption, hashing, kutsimikizika kwa uthenga, ndi kusaina kwa digito (Cryptolib); chitetezo pamlingo wamayendedwe (MbedTLS); IOTA Client API kuti ilumikizane ndi Tangle
- Ntchito: ili ndi exampLes kukuthandizani kupanga IOTA DLT Client application papulatifomu yothandizidwa ya STM32 (B-L4S5I-IOT01A), yokhala ndi malo atatu otukuka, IAR Embedded Workbench ya ARM (EWARM), RealView Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM) ndi STM32CubeIDE
API
Zambiri zaukadaulo zokhala ndi ntchito yathunthu ya API ndi kufotokozera kwa parameter zili mu HTML yophatikizidwa file mu "Documentation" chikwatu.
Kufotokozera kwa IOTA-Client application
Ntchitoyi files ya IOTA-Client application ikupezeka mu: $BASE_DIR\Projects\B-L4S5IIOT01A\Applications\IOTA-Client.
Mapulojekiti okonzeka-kumanga amapezeka pama IDE angapo.
Mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito amaperekedwa kudzera pa serial port ndipo ayenera kukonzedwa ndi zoikamo zotsatirazi:
Chithunzi 3. Tera Term - Kukonzekera kwa Terminal
Chithunzi 4. Tera Term - Kukonzekera kwa seri port
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, tsatirani ndondomeko ili m'munsiyi.
Gawo 1. Tsegulani serial terminal kuti muwone mbiri ya mauthenga.
Gawo 2. Lowetsani kasinthidwe ka netiweki yanu ya Wi-Fi (SSID, Njira Yachitetezo, ndi mawu achinsinsi).
Gawo 3. Khazikitsani ziphaso za TLS root CA.
Gawo 4. Koperani ndi kumata zomwe zili mu Projects\B-L4S5I-IOT01A\Applications\IOTAClient\usertrust_thetangle.pem. Chipangizochi chimawagwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizira omwe ali kutali kudzera pa TLS.
Zindikirani: Pambuyo pokonza magawo, mutha kuwasintha poyambitsanso bolodi ndikukankhira batani la Wogwiritsa (batani labuluu) mkati mwa masekondi 5. Izi zidzasungidwa mu Flash memory.
Chithunzi 5. Wi-Fi parameter zoikamo
Gawo 5. Dikirani uthenga wakuti "Dinani kiyi iliyonse kuti mupitilize" kuti iwonekere. Chophimbacho chimatsitsimutsidwa ndi mndandanda wa ntchito zazikulu:
- Tumizani meseji ya generic indexation
- Tumizani uthenga wa indexation sensor (kuphatikiza timesamp, Kutentha, ndi Chinyezi)
- Pezani bwino
- Tumizani Transaction
- Ntchito zina
Chithunzi 6. Menyu yayikulu
Gawo 6. Sankhani njira 3 kuti muyese chimodzi mwa izi:
| Pezani chidziwitso cha node | Pezani malangizo |
| Pezani zotulutsa | Zotuluka kuchokera ku adilesi |
| Pezani bwino | Kuyankha cholakwika |
| Pezani uthenga | Tumizani uthenga |
| Pezani uthenga | Yesani chikwama |
| Womanga uthenga | Yesani crypto |
Chithunzi 7. Ntchito zina
ZOKHUDZANA NAZO
Kuti mumve zambiri za ntchito za IOTA 1.5, onani zolemba za Makasitomala a IOTA C
Chitsogozo chokhazikitsa dongosolo
Kufotokozera kwa Hardware
STM32L4+ Discovery kit IoT node
B-L4S5I-IOT01A Discovery kit ya IoT node imakupatsani mwayi wopanga mapulogalamu kuti mulumikizane mwachindunji ndi ma seva amtambo.
The Discovery kit imathandizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolumikizirana zotsika mphamvu, zomverera m'njira zambiri komanso zida za ARM®Cortex® -M4+ zoyambira STM32L4+.
Imathandizira kulumikizidwa kwa Arduino Uno R3 ndi PMOD kumapereka kuthekera kokulirapo kopanda malire ndikusankha kwakukulu kwama board odzipatulira odzipereka.
Chithunzi cha 8B-L4S5I-IOT01A
Kupanga kwa Hardware
Zida zotsatirazi ndizofunika:
- zida imodzi ya STM32L4+ Discovery ya node ya IoT yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a Wi-Fi (code code: B-L4S5I-IOT01A)
- chingwe cha USB mtundu A kupita ku Mini-B USB Type B chingwe cholumikizira bolodi yotulukira ya STM32 ku PC
Kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu
Zida zotsatirazi ndizofunika kukhazikitsa malo otukuka popanga mapulogalamu a IOTA DLT a B-L4S5I-IOT01A:
- X-CUBE-IOTA1: fimuweya ndi zolemba zofananira zikupezeka pa st.com
- zida zachitukuko ndi compiler: pulogalamu yakukulitsa ya STM32Cube imathandizira madera awa:
- IAR Embedded Workbench ya zida za ARM® (EWARM) + ST-LINK/V2
- ZowonaView Chida cha Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM) + ST-LINK/V2
- STM32CubeIDE + ST-LINK/V2
Kukonzekera kwadongosolo
B-L4S5I-IOT01A Discovery board imalola kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a IOTA DLT. Bungweli limaphatikiza ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer. Mutha kutsitsa mtundu woyenera wa driver wa ST-LINK/V2-1 USB pa STSW- LINK009.
Mbiri yobwereza
Gulu 2. Mbiri yokonzanso zolemba
| Tsiku | Kubwereza | Zosintha |
| 13 Jun-19 | 1 | Kutulutsidwa koyamba |
| 18 Jun-19 | 2 | Zasinthidwa Gawo 3.4.8.1 TX_IN ndi TX_OUT, Gawo 3.4.8.3 Kutumiza deta kudzera pa ziro-value mayendedwe ndi Gawo 3.4.8.4 Kutumiza ndalama kudzera muzosinthana. |
| 6-May-21 | 3 | Mawu Oyamba Osinthidwa, Ma Acronyms a Gawo 1 ndi achidule, Gawo 2.1 Overview, Gawo 2.1.1 IOTA 1.0, Gawo 2.1.3 Umboni wa Ntchito, Gawo 2.2 Zomangamanga, Gawo 2.3 Mapangidwe a Foda, Gawo 3.2 Kukonzekera kwa Hardware, Gawo 3.3 Kukonzekera kwa Mapulogalamu ndi Gawo 3.4 Kukonzekera kwadongosolo. Chachotsedwa Gawo 2 ndikusinthidwa ndi ulalo wa Mawu Oyamba. Kuchotsedwa Gawo 3.1.2 Zochita ndi mitolo, Gawo 3.1.3 Akaunti ndi ma signature, Gawo 3.1.5 Kuthamanga. Ndime 3.4 Momwe mungalembe zofunsira ndi tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono, Gawo 3.5 IOTALightNode kufotokozera ntchito ndi magawo ena, ndi Gawo 4.1.1 STM32 Pulatifomu ya Nucleo Yowonjezera Gawo 2.1.2IOTA 1.5 - Chrysalis, Gawo 2.5 IOTA-Client kufotokozera ntchito, Gawo 2.4 API ndi Gawo 3.1.1 STM32L4 + Discovery kit IoT node. |
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Phukusi la Pulogalamu Yowonjezera ya ST X-CUBE-IOTA1 ya STM32Cube [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito ST, X-CUBE-IOTA1, Kukula, Phukusi la Mapulogalamu, la STM32Cube |
