Qoltec Hybrid Solar Inverter User Manual

Models: 53863, 53864

Thank you for choosing the Qoltec Solar Inverter. This manual provides instructions for installation, operation, and troubleshooting. Please read it carefully before use and keep it for future reference.

About This Manual

This manual covers the assembly, installation, operation, and troubleshooting of the Qoltec Hybrid Solar Inverter. It includes safety guidelines, installation procedures, and information on tools and wiring.

About the Product

The Qoltec Hybrid Solar Inverter is a multifunctional device combining inverter, solar charger, and battery charger functions for uninterrupted power supply. It features a versatile LCD display and user-friendly buttons for configuring settings such as battery charging current, AC/solar charging priority, and input voltage range.

Product Components:

Installation

I. Preparation

Before installation, check the inverter for any damage. Ensure the package contains the Solar Inverter and the User Manual.

To access internal components, remove the bottom cover by unscrewing the three screws.

II. Unit Installation

Choose an installation location considering the following:

NOTE: Suitable for mounting on concrete or other non-combustible surfaces only.

Secure the unit using M4 or M5 screws.

III. Connecting the Battery

NOTE: A separate DC protection or disconnect device is required between the battery and the inverter for safe operation and compliance.

WARNING: All wiring must be performed by qualified personnel.

Use the correct cable size and stripping/tinning lengths (L1, L2) as recommended for safe and efficient operation.

Recommended Battery Cable Stripping and Tinning Lengths
Model Max Current Battery Capacity Cable Size Cable (mm²) L1 (mm) L2 (mm) Nominal Torque
1500W-24 70A 100AH 6 AWG 13.3 3 18 2~3 Nm
2500W-24 100A 100AH 4 AWG 21.15 3 18 2~3 Nm
Other Models 140A 100AH 2 AWG 38 3 18 2~3 Nm

Steps to Connect the Battery:

  1. Strip 18mm of insulation from the positive and negative cables.
  2. Connect batteries according to the unit's requirements, using the recommended capacity.
  3. Insert the battery cable into the inverter's battery terminal and tighten screws to 2-3 Nm. Ensure correct polarity (+ to +, - to -) and secure connections.

WARNING: Risk of electric shock due to high battery voltage. Install batteries in series carefully.

CAUTION: Do not place anything between the flat part of the inverter terminal to prevent overheating.

PRECAUTION: Do not apply antioxidant to terminals before proper connection.

NOTE: Ensure correct polarity (+ to +, - to -) before making the final DC connection or closing the DC switch.

IV. Connecting AC Input/Output

NOTE: Install a separate AC switch between the inverter and the AC power source for safe disconnection during maintenance and overcurrent protection. Recommended AC breaker specification: 50A.

NOTE: Do not confuse the "IN" and "OUT" terminals.

Recommended AC Cable Requirements
Model Cross Section Torque Value
1.5KVA 12AWG 1.4~1.6Nm
2.5KVA/3.5KVA 10AWG 1.4~1.6Nm
5.5KVA 8 AWG 1.4~1.6Nm

WARNING: All wiring must be performed by qualified personnel.

Steps to Connect AC Input/Output:

  1. Ensure the DC switch is open before connecting AC input/output.
  2. Strip 10mm insulation from the six wires. Shorten the phase wire (L) and neutral wire (N) by 3mm.
  3. Connect AC input wires according to terminal polarity (PE [yellow-green], L [brown], N [blue]) and tighten screws. Connect PE first.
  4. Connect AC output wires similarly (PE [yellow-green], L [brown], N [blue]). Connect PE first.
  5. Verify all connections are correct.

CAUTION: Ensure the AC power source is disconnected before connecting.

NOTE: Appliances like air conditioners require a 2-3 minute delay before restarting to allow refrigerant to stabilize. If power fails and restores quickly, connected appliances may be damaged. Consult the appliance manufacturer about time-delay features. Otherwise, the inverter may trigger an overload error and shut down the output, potentially causing internal damage to the appliance.

V. PV Connection

NOTE: Install a separate DC circuit breaker between the inverter and PV modules before connection.

WARNING! All wiring must be performed by qualified personnel.

WARNING! Use the correct recommended cable size for PV module connection.

Recommended PV Cable Requirements
Model Typical Current Cable Size Torque
1.5KVA 15A 12 AWG 1.4~1.6 Nm
2.5KVA 15A 12 AWG 1.4~1.6 Nm
3.5KVA 15A 12 AWG 1.4~1.6 Nm
5.5KVA 18A 12 AWG 1.4~1.6 Nm
6.2KVA 27A 12 AWG 1.4~1.6 Nm

PV Module Selection:

Consider the following parameters when selecting PV modules:

  1. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the PV modules must not exceed the inverter's maximum open-circuit voltage.
  2. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the PV modules should be higher than the minimum battery voltage.
Solar Charging Mode Specifications
Inverter Model 1.5KW-3.5KW 5.5KVA
Max PV Array Open Circuit Voltage 500VDC 500VDC
PV Array MPPT Voltage Range 30VDC - 500VDC 60VDC - 500VDC
Max PV Input Current 15A 18A

Example PV Module Configurations (450Wp & 550Wp):

450Wp Solar Module Specifications (Reference)
Solar Input Number of Panels Total Input Power Model
1 in series 1 450W 1.5KW-5.5KW
2 in series 2 900 W
3 in series 3 1,350 W
4 in series 4 1,800 W
5 in series 5 2,250 W 2.5KW-5.5KW
6 in series 6 2,700 W
7 in series 7 3,150 W
8 in series 8 3,600 W 3.5KW-5.5KW
9 in series 9 4,050 W
10 in series 10 4,500 W 5.5KVA
11 in series 11 4,950 W
12 in series 12 5,400 W
6 series and 2 parallel 12 5,400 W

Solar Module Specifications (Reference) - 550Wp:

550Wp Solar Module Specifications (Reference)
Solar Input Number of Panels Total Input Power Model
1 in series 1 550W 1.5KW-5.5KW
2 in series 2 1,100 W 1.5KVA-5.5KW
3 in series 3 1,650 W
4 in series 4 2,200 W 2.5KVA-5.5KW
5 in series 5 2,750 W
6 in series 6 3,300 W 3.5KW-5.5KW
7 in series 7 3,850 W
8 in series 8 4,400 W 5.5KW
9 in series 9 4,950 W
4 series and 2 parallel 8 4,400 W
5 series and 2 parallel 10 5,500 W

Connecting PV Module Cables:

  1. Strip 10mm insulation from the positive and negative cables.
  2. Check the correct polarity of the connection cable from the PV modules and the PV input connectors. Connect positive (+) to positive (+) and negative (-) to negative (-).
  3. Ensure wires are correctly connected.

VI. Final Assembly

Once all wires are connected, reattach the bottom cover by tightening the two screws.

Operation

I. Powering On/Off

After proper installation and battery connection, press the Power ON/OFF switch to turn the unit on.

II. Control and Display Panel

The control and display panel on the front of the inverter includes indicator LEDs and an LCD screen showing operational status and power information.

LED Indicators
LED Indicator Message Status Description
AC/INV Green Solid Output is directly supplied by the mains (Line Mode).
Green Blinking Output is supplied by battery or PV in battery mode.
CHG Green Solid Battery is charged.
Green Blinking Battery is charging.
FAULT Red Solid An error has occurred in the inverter.
Red Blinking A warning is present in the inverter.

Button Functions:

III. LCD Display Settings

Press and hold the ENTER button for 3 seconds to enter the setting mode. Use UP/DOWN to select programs and ENTER to confirm or ESC to exit.

Setting Programs
Program Description Selection Options
01 Output Source Priority Utility First: Mains power supplied first; Solar/Battery power used only when mains is unavailable.
Solar First: Solar power supplied first; Battery power used if solar is insufficient. Mains power used if solar and battery are insufficient or battery voltage is low.
SBU Priority: Solar power supplied first; Battery power used if solar is insufficient. Mains power used if solar and battery are insufficient or battery voltage is low.
SUB Priority: Solar power charges battery first, then supplies loads. Mains power used if solar is insufficient.
SUF Priority: Solar power supplies loads and charges battery. If solar is insufficient, mains power is used. Solar power can be fed back to the grid if sufficient.
02 Max Charging Current Configures total charging current (Solar + Mains). Default: 60A. Range: Max AC supply current to specified max charging current. Must not be lower than AC charging current set in Program 11.
03 AC Input Voltage Range Appliance (Default): 90-280 VAC.
UPS: 170-280 VAC.
Generator: 170-280 VAC (compatible with generators, but output may be unstable).
05 Battery Type AGM (Default)
Flooded
Custom: Allows setting battery charge voltage and low DC cutoff voltage in Programs 26, 27, 29.
Lithium Battery (No Communication): Suitable for lithium batteries without communication. Allows setting battery charge voltage and low DC cutoff voltage in Programs 26, 27, 29.
06 Auto Restart After Overload Disable Auto Restart
Enable Auto Restart (Default)
07 Auto Restart After Over-Temperature Disable Auto Restart
Enable Auto Restart (Default)
08 Output Voltage 220V, 230V (Default), 240V
09 Output Frequency 50 Hz (Default), 60 Hz
10 Auto Bypass Manual (Default)
Auto: System automatically switches to bypass when mains power is present, even if the switch is off.
11 Max Mains Charging Current 30A (Default). Range: 2A to max AC charging current.
12 Return to Mains Voltage Point (for SBU/Solar First Priority) Sets the voltage point for returning to mains power. Specific values depend on battery voltage (12V, 24V, 48V models) and must be within defined ranges, respecting Program 13 and 29 settings.
13 Battery Operation Voltage Point (for SBU/Solar First Priority) Sets the voltage point for battery operation. Specific values depend on battery voltage (12V, 24V, 48V models) and must be within defined ranges, respecting Program 12 and 26 settings.
16 Charging Source Priority Solar Energy (Default): Solar has priority. Mains charges only when solar is unavailable.
Solar and Mains Simultaneously: Both sources charge the battery.
Solar Energy Only: Solar is the only charging source.
18 Buzzer Mode Mode 1 (Mute)
Mode 2: Buzzer sounds on power source change, warning, or fault.
Mode 3: Buzzer sounds on warning or fault.
Mode 4 (Default): Buzzer sounds on fault.
19 Auto Return to Default Display Return to Default Display (Default): Screen returns to default after 1 minute of inactivity.
Stay on Last Screen: Screen remains on the last viewed page.
20 Backlight Control Backlight On (Default)
Backlight Off
23 Overload Bypass Bypass Disabled
Bypass Enabled (Default): Switches to mains power during overload in battery mode.
25 Modbus ID Setting Modbus ID range: 001-247 (Default: 001).
26 Bulk Charge Voltage (CV Voltage) Sets the main charging voltage. Configurable for Custom/LIB types. Value must be >= Program 27. Increments of 0.1V. Specific ranges for 12V, 24V, 48V models.
27 Float Charge Voltage Sets the maintenance charge voltage. Configurable for Custom/LIB types. Value must be <= Program 26. Specific ranges for 12V, 24V, 48V models.
29 Low DC Cut-off Voltage Sets the low DC cut-off voltage. Configurable for Custom/LIB types. Value must be < Program 12. Increments of 0.1V. Specific ranges for 12V, 24V, 48V models.
32 Bulk Charge Time (CV Stage) Auto (Default)
5 minutes to 900 minutes: Configurable time for the CV stage.
33 Battery Equalization Balance Battery
Disable Battery Equalization (Default)
Configurable for Flooded or Custom types.
34 Battery Equalizing Voltage Sets the equalization voltage. Configurable for 12V, 24V, 48V models. Value must be >= Program 12 and <= Program 13. Increments of 0.1V.
35 Battery Equalization Time 0 to 900 minutes (Default: 60 min).
36 Battery Equalization Time 0 to 900 minutes (Default: 120 min).
37 Equalization Interval 1 to 90 days (Default: 30 days).
39 Immediate Equalization Activation Activate
Deactivate (Default)
Activates equalization immediately or waits for the next scheduled interval.
41 Auto Activation for Lithium Battery Activate
Deactivate (Default)
Automatically activates lithium battery if not detected after restart.
42 Manual Activation of Lithium Battery Activate
Deactivate (Default)
Manually activates lithium battery if not detected (supported models only).
46 Max Discharge Current Protection Disable Protection (Default)
Enable Protection: Limits discharge current. Range: 20A to 500A. Only available in single unit mode.

Battery Equalization

The equalization function helps prevent negative chemical effects like stratification and removes sulfate crystals, improving battery capacity. It is recommended to balance the battery regularly.

To Apply Equalization:

  1. Enable the battery equalization function in Program 33.
  2. Apply equalization via Program 37 (set interval) or Program 39 (activate immediately).

When to Equalize:

The controller enters equalization mode when the set equalization time is reached or when activated immediately.

Equalization Charging Time and Timeout:

During equalization, the controller charges at maximum power until the battery voltage reaches the set equalization voltage, then maintains it. The equalization stage continues until the set equalization time is reached. If the voltage is not reached within the set time, the time is extended. If the voltage is still not reached after extension, equalization stops, and the controller returns to float mode.

V. Lithium Battery Settings

Settings for Lithium Battery Without Communication:

To prevent BMS protection from triggering when there is no communication between the BMS and the unit:

  1. Obtain BMS specifications (Max Charge Voltage, Max Charge Current, Discharge Protection Voltage).
  2. Set Battery Type to "LIB" (Program 05).
  3. Set C.V (Charge Voltage) to Max BMS Charge Voltage minus 0.5V (Program 26).
  4. Set Float Charge Voltage to the same value as the CV voltage (Program 27).
  5. Set Low DC Cut-off Voltage to at least BMS Discharge Protection Voltage plus 2V (Program 29).
  6. Set the maximum charging rate to be less than the BMS maximum charging rate (Program 02).
  7. Set the return-to-mains voltage point (Program 12) to be greater than or equal to the Low DC Cut-off Voltage plus 1V.

Notes: Make settings before powering on the inverter. After settings are complete, power the inverter back on.

Error Codes

Error Codes
Error Code Description Symbol
01Inverter Module OverheatSymbol with error number
02DCDC Module Overheat
03Battery Voltage Too High
04PV Module Overheat
05Output Short Circuit
06Output Voltage Too High
07Overload - Shutdown Time
08Bus Voltage Too High
09Bus Soft Start Failure
10PV Current Overload
11PV Overvoltage
12DCDC Current Overload
13Current Overload or Overvoltage
14Bus Voltage Too Low
15Inverter Failure
18OP Offset Current Too High
19Inverter Offset Current Too High
20DC/DC Offset Current Too High
21PV Offset Current Too High
22Output Voltage Too Low
23Negative Inverter Power

Warning Indicators

Warning Codes
Code Message Alarm Display Symbol
02Temperature Too High3 beeps per secondSymbol 78
04Low Battery1 beep per secondSymbol 79
07Overload1 beep every 0.5 secondsSymbol 80
10Power Derating2 beeps every 3 secondsSymbol 81
14Fan BlockedNoneSymbol 82
15Low PV Energy2 beeps every 3 secondsSymbol 83
19Communication Failure with Lithium BatteryBeep every 0.5 secondsSymbol 84
21Lithium Battery Output Current Too HighNoneSymbol 85
E9Battery EqualizationNoneSymbol 86
bPBattery Not ConnectedNoneSymbol 87

Specifications

Table 1: Mains Operation Specifications
Inverter Model 1.5KVA 1.5KVA 2.5KVA 3.5KVA 5.5KVA
Input Voltage WaveformSinusoidal (Mains or Generator)
Nominal Input Voltage230V AC
Low Voltage Loss Point170V AC ± 7V (UPS) / 90V AC ± 7V (Appliance)
Low Voltage Return Point180V AC ± 7V (UPS) / 100V AC ± 7V (Appliance)
High Voltage Loss Point280V AC ± 7V
High Voltage Return Point270V AC ± 7V
Max AC Input Voltage300V AC
Nominal Input Frequency50 Hz / 60 Hz (Auto Detection)
Low Frequency Loss Point40 ± 1 Hz
Low Damping Frequency Return Point42 ± 1 Hz
High Damping Frequency Loss Point65 ± 1 Hz
High Damping Frequency Return Point63 ± 1 Hz
Output Short Circuit ProtectionBattery Mode: Electronic Circuits
Efficiency (Line Mode)>95% (at rated load R, battery fully charged)
Switch Time10 ms typical (UPS) / 20 ms typical (Appliance)
Output Power LimitOutput power is limited when AC input voltage drops to 95V or 170V (model dependent).
Table 2: Inverter Mode Specifications
Inverter Model 1.5KVA 1.5KVA 2.5KVA 3.5KVA 5.5KVA
Nominal Output Power1.5KVA/1.5KW2.5KVA/2.5KW3.5KVA/3.5KW5.5KVA/5.5KW
Output Voltage WaveformSine Wave
Output Voltage Regulation230Vac ± 5%
Output Frequency50 Hz or 60 Hz
Max Efficiency94%
Peak Power2 * Rated Power for 5 seconds
Nominal DC Input Voltage12 Vdc24 Vdc48 Vdc
Cold Start Voltage11.0 Vdc23.0 Vdc46.0 Vdc
Low DC Warning Voltage (AGM/Flooded)11.0 Vdc / 10.7 Vdc / 10.1 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)22.0 Vdc / 21.4 Vdc / 20.2 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)40.4 Vdc / 42.8 Vdc / 44.0 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)
Return Voltage After Low DC Warning (AGM/Flooded)11.5 Vdc / 11.2 Vdc / 10.6 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)23.0 Vdc / 22.4 Vdc / 21.2 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)42.4 Vdc / 44.8 Vdc / 46.0 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)
Low DC Cut-off Voltage (AGM/Flooded)10.5 Vdc / 10.2 Vdc / 9.6 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)21.0 Vdc / 20.4 Vdc / 19.2 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)42.0 Vdc / 40.8 Vdc / 38.4 Vdc (@ Load < 20% / 20%-50% / ≥ 50%)
Table 3: Charging Mode Specifications
Utility Charging Mode
Model 1.5KVA 1.5KVA 2.5KVA 3.5KVA 5.5KVA
Max Charging Current (PV+AC) (@ VI/P=230Vac)100Amp60Amp100Amp ere100Amp ere100Ampere
Max Charging Current (AC) (@ VI/P=230Vac)60Amp
Bulk Charge Voltage (Flooded Battery)14.6Vdc29.2VDC58.4 VDC
Bulk Charge Voltage (AGM/GEL)14.1Vdc28.2VDC56.4VDC
Float Charge Voltage13.5Vdc27VDC54VDC
Overcharge Protection16.5Vdc32VDC63VDC
Charging Algorithm3-stage
Charging CurveSee Figure 89
Solar Input
Model 1.5KVA 1.5KVA 2.5KVA 3.5KVA 5.5KVA
Nominal Power2000W2000W3000W4000W5500W
Max PV Generator Open Circuit Voltage500Vdc
PV Generator MPPT Voltage Range30Vdc - 500Vdc60Vdc - 500Vdc
Max Input Current15A15A15A15A18A
Max Charging Current (PV)100A60A100A100A100A
Table 4: Environmental Specifications
Model 1.5KVA 2.5KVA 3.5KVA 5.5KVA
Operating Temperature Range-10°C to 55°C
Storage Temperature-15°C to 60°C
Humidity5% to 95% (non-condensing)

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Guide
Problem LCD/LED/Buzzer Possible Cause Solution
Unit automatically shuts down during startup. LCD/LED active for 3s, then off. Battery voltage too low. Charge the battery. Replace the battery if necessary.
No response after powering on. None. Battery voltage too low.
Battery polarity reversed.
Check battery and wiring connections. Charge the battery. Replace the battery if necessary.
Power is present, but the unit operates in battery mode. Input voltage displayed as 0 on LCD, green LED blinking. Excessive current or input voltage protection activated. Turn off AC switch, check AC wiring.
Green LED blinking. Poor AC power quality (mains or generator). Check AC wiring for thinness or excessive length. Verify generator operation or AC input voltage range settings (UPS -> Appliance).
Green LED blinking. Output source priority set to "Solar First". Change output source priority to "Utility first".
When the unit is powered on, the internal relay repeatedly clicks on and off. LCD display and LEDs blink. Battery is disconnected. Check battery cable connections.
Buzzer beeps constantly, and the red LED is on. Error Code 07 Overload error (110% overload, time expired). Reduce the load by turning off some appliances.
Error Code 05 Output short circuit. Check wiring connections and remove abnormal load.
Error Code 02 Internal component temperature exceeds 100°C. Check for blocked airflow or high ambient temperature.
Error Code 03 Battery is overcharged.
Battery voltage is too high.
Contact service center.
Check battery specification and quantity.
Error Code 06/22 Unacceptable power (Inverter voltage < 190Vac or > 260Vac). Reduce load. Contact service center.
Error Code 08/09/15 Internal components have failed. Contact customer service.
Error Code 13 Current overload or overvoltage. Restart the unit. If the error persists, contact the service center.
Error Code 14 Bus voltage is too low.
Other Error Code If cables are connected correctly, contact the service center.

Maintenance

  1. Keep the unit clean using a soft, dry cloth. Do not use chemicals.
  2. Regularly inspect power cords and plugs for damage.
  3. Ensure ventilation openings are clear and unobstructed.
  4. Avoid contact with water or liquids.

Disposal

This product is subject to WEEE regulations. Dispose of it at an authorized e-waste collection point. Contact the manufacturer or service center for disposal information.

Warranty and Service Information

The product comes with a 24-month manufacturer's warranty covering material and workmanship defects. Contact the service department for assistance. The warranty does not cover damage from misuse, drops, unauthorized repairs, or disassembly.

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