New Features
The following features were added for intertie protection and control, compliant with IEEE Standard 1547-2018, IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power System Interfaces.
- Fast Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency and Vector Shift Elements: Swiftly detect islanding conditions and disconnect distributed energy resources (DER) before any possible autoreclosing of the electric power system (EPS).
- Longer Seconds-Based Time Delays for Frequency Elements: Frequency elements have adequate time-delay setting range for qualifying tripping for abnormal EPS frequency. Similarly, return of normal EPS frequency is qualified before the intertie (recloser) is closed. Seconds-based timing is immune to frequency changes and allows tripping time to be absolute.
Additional Voltage Elements
Adequate number of voltage elements allows for qualifying tripping for abnormal EPS voltage. Similarly, return of normal EPS voltage is qualified before the intertie (recloser) is closed.
Autosynchronism Element
Works in Tandem With Synchronism-Check Element. Autosynchronism element frequency and voltage control outputs automatically bring DER (versus EPS) slip frequency, phase angle, and voltage magnitude differences within allowable limits for synchronism-check closing of the intertie (recloser).
Key Features and Benefits
- Single-Phase Tripping/Reclosing: Interrupt, then restore service on the faulted phase, rather than affecting all three phases. When load levels vary from phase to phase, set trip levels independently for each phase.
- Multi-Recloser Interface: Support a number of reclosers from different manufacturers with one common control cable interface.
- Wide-Range Recloser Compatibility: Use the SEL-651R-2 Advanced Recloser Control with control cable interfaces for many different reclosers. Learning the settings and operation of just the SEL-651R-2 enables you to operate a wide range of reclosers.
- ACSELERATOR QuickSet® SEL-5030 Software: Use the eight settings groups to easily configure multiple group settings to fit operational situations. Apply custom application designs and create design templates that can be stored on the recloser control for your specific applications.
- Low-Energy Analog (LEA) Inputs: Reduce costs and save space with as many as six LEA voltage inputs.
- Enclosure Options: Choose the extra space and easy access of the dual-door enclosure or the more compact size of the single-door option. For the dual- or single-door options, select the painted cold-rolled steel enclosure (NEMA 3R rated) for normal applications or the painted type 304 stainless steel enclosure (NEMA 3RX rated) to reduce corrosion in harsh environments. Both enclosure styles also achieve an IP45 rating for solids and water ingress resistance.
- Ethernet Communications: Provide DNP, Modbus®, IEC 61850, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) capabilities through use of single fiber, dual copper, or fiber-optic Ethernet ports. A built-in web server makes firmware upgrades over Ethernet quick and secure.
- Communications Flexibility: Order the SEL-651R-2 with one USB port, four serial ports (three EIA-232 and one EIA-485), one Ethernet port (fiber-optic), or two Ethernet ports (copper or fiber-optic). The front-panel USB port retrieves events, settings, and templates faster than traditional EIA-232 ports.
- Automatic Network Reconfiguration (ANR): Improve reliability with ANR by isolating faulted line sections and restoring service to unaffected areas of the system.
- Configurable Power Elements: Determine power flow or VAR flow direction and magnitude with configurable power elements. Apply at system intertie points or at capacitor bank installations.
- Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): Monitor the system power quality based on THD with harmonic metering as high as the 16th harmonic, following IEEE 519-2014.
- Built-In Power Supply: Power demanding 12 Vdc accessories easily with a built-in 40 W continuous (60 W surge) auxiliary power supply.
- Digitally Signed Firmware Upgrade: Upload digitally signed firmware over Ethernet or serial connection. Secure algorithms guarantee the validity of the firmware file.
- Second-Harmonic Blocking: Secure the recloser control during transformer energization.
- Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency Elements: Detect rapid frequency changes to initiate load shedding or network decoupling.
- Event Data and Fast Sampling Rate: See more pre-fault and post-fault data with 60-cycle-length event reports. Gain better resolution with 128-samples/cycle analog data.
- COMTRADE Event Reports: Capture standard and high-impedance event reports in COMTRADE standard file format.
- Synchrophasors: Gather power system information and monitor wide-area performance with IEEE C37.118 synchrophasors.
- High-Impedance Fault Detection: Apply SEL Arc Sense™ technology in detecting more high-impedance faults than conventional protection for more reliable operation of distribution systems.
Compatibility Overview
Multi-Recloser Interface
An SEL-651R-2 Recloser Control ordered with the Multi-Recloser Interface is compatible with the following reclosers on one common interface:
- G&W Viper-ST
- G&W Viper-LT
- ABB Elastimold MVR
- Tavrida OSM Al_4
- ABB Gridshield (32-pin and 42-pin versions)
- Eaton NOVA NX-T
Three-Phase Reclosers With Single-Phase Tripping Capability
An SEL-651R-2 Recloser Control connects to the following three-phase reclosers with single-phase tripping capability:
- G&W Viper-ST
- G&W Viper-LT
- ABB Elastimold MVR
- ABB OVR-3/VR-3S (24-pin, 15 and 27 kV models)
- ABB Joslyn TriMod 600R
- ABB Gridshield (32-pin and 42-pin versions)
- Eaton NOVA-TS or NOVA-STS Triple-Single
- Eaton NOVA NX-T
- Tavrida OSM Al_4
- Siemens SDR Triple-Single
Three-Phase Reclosers
The SEL-651R-2 Recloser Control connects to the following three-phase reclosers:
- G&W Viper-S
- G&W Control Power Viper-S
- Eaton CXE, Auxiliary-Powered Eaton NOVA (RE, RVE, RXE, VSA, VSO, VWE, VWVE 27, VWVE 38X, WE, WVE 27, WVE 38X), Control-Powered Eaton NOVA
- Whipp & Bourne GVR (when equipped with interface module)
- Tavrida OSM Al_2
- Siemens SDR Three-Phase
Certification
The current IEEE C37.60 test certificates are available at selinc.com.
Product Overview or Functional Overview
A block diagram illustrating the SEL-651R-2 Advanced Recloser Control shows its various protection and control elements, including Undervoltage (27), Overvoltage (59), Vector Shift (78VS), Overcurrent (50, 51, 67), Directional Power (32), Frequency (81), Neutral Overcurrent (50N, 51N), Autoreclosing (79), and Synchronism Check (25). It also indicates inputs like EIA-232, EIA-485, Ethernet, and IRIG-B.
Control Cable
The control cable connects secondary current, recloser status, yellow operating handle status, and optional LEA voltages to the SEL-651R-2, and carries trip/close signals out to the recloser. It connects via a receptacle/interface at the bottom of the enclosure. Users should select the appropriate interface when ordering.
Voltage Inputs
Voltages are connected on both sides of the recloser for schemes like Automatic Network Reconfiguration and synchronism check. Three-phase voltage channels (VY or VZ) operate features such as fault locating, load encroachment, power elements, and voltage sag/swell/interrupt recording. Optional LEA voltage inputs allow connection of low-level voltage outputs from less-costly voltage transducers.
Control Power Input
Control power can be ordered as 120 Vac, 230 Vac, 125 Vdc, or 48 Vdc. The 120 Vac option includes a GFCI outlet. AC transfer switches can be used to switch to an alternate source if the primary is unavailable. Incoming power is converted to 12 Vdc for control electronics and stored energy for trip/close outputs. If incoming power is unavailable, a 12 V battery provides backup. 125 Vdc and 48 Vdc options include a reduced 12 V auxiliary supply but not battery chargers or GFCI outlets.
Automation and Communication
Communications Connection Options
The base SEL-651R-2 has one USB port, three EIA-232 serial ports, and one EIA-485 port. Ethernet options include single or dual fiber-optic or metallic ports. A built-in web server allows firmware upgrades over Ethernet. Communication can be established with computers, modems, protocol converters, and other devices. Multiple SEL-651R-2 controls can connect to SEL communication processors, RTACs, or synchrophasor vector processors for data collection and control.
A diagram shows a typical serial communications architecture connecting SEL-651R-2 units to DCS/SCADA masters, computers, communication processors, and synchrophasor processors via EIA-232, Modbus RTU, DNP3, and IEEE C37.118 protocols.
Ethernet Communications
SEL manufactures various cables for connecting the SEL-651R-2. The device communicates directly with SCADA systems, computers, and RTUs via serial or Ethernet ports. High-speed Ethernet ports facilitate engineering access and control setup, allowing quick event report downloads and firmware upgrades. Optional dual Ethernet ports enhance network reliability and availability, supporting configurations like self-healing rings and failover topologies, ensuring no single point of failure prevents communication. Table 1 lists available protocols.
A diagram illustrates typical Ethernet communications architecture, showing connections to managed Ethernet switches and remote engineering access. Another diagram shows a self-healing ring topology using an internal Ethernet switch. A third diagram depicts a failover network topology.
Serial Communication
The SEL-651R-2 supports serial communications, including EIA-485 and Type B USB ports for local access. Software emulating a standard terminal system can be used. FTP provides the ability to read/write settings files and COMTRADE event reports over Ethernet.
Table 1 Open Communications Protocol
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| IEC 61850 | Ethernet-based international standard for interoperability between intelligent devices in a substation. Operates remote bits, breaker controls, and input/output (I/O). Monitors Relay Word bits and analog quantities. Use MMS file transfer to retrieve COMTRADE file format event reports. |
| Simple ASCII | Plain language commands for human and simple machine communications. Use for metering, setting, self-test status, event reporting, and other functions. |
| Compressed ASCII | Comma-delimited ASCII data reports. Allows external devices to obtain relay data in an appropriate format for direct import into spreadsheets and database programs. Data are checksum protected. |
| Fast SER Protocol | Provides serial or Ethernet SER data transfers with original time stamp to an automated data collection system. |
| Modbus RTU or TCP | Serial or Ethernet-based Modbus with point remapping. Includes access to metering data, protection elements, contact I/O, targets, relay summary events, and settings groups. |
| Extended Fast Meter and Fast Operate | Serial or Telnet binary protocol for machine-to-machine communications. Quickly updates SEL communications processors, RTUs, and other substation devices with metering information, relay element and I/O status, time-tags, open and close commands, and summary event reports. Data are checksum protected. Binary and ASCII protocols operate simultaneously over the same communications lines so binary SCADA metering information is not lost while an engineer or technician is transferring an event report or communicating with the relay using ASCII communications through the same relay communications port. |
| DNP3 Serial or LAN/WAN | Serial or Ethernet-based Distributed Network Protocol with point remapping. Includes access to metering data, protection elements, contact I/O, targets, SER, relay summary event reports, and settings groups. |
| IEEE C37.118 | Serial or Ethernet Phasor Measurement Protocol. Streams synchrophasor data to archiving historian for post disturbance analysis, to visualization software for real-time monitoring, or to synchrophasor data processor for real-time control. |
Flexible Control Logic and Integration Features
The SEL-651R-2 control logic offers improvements by replacing traditional panel control switches, eliminating RTU-to-relay wiring, replacing latching relays, indicating panel lights, and external timers. It features 12 programmable operator-control pushbuttons and 16 local control points that can be programmed using SELOGIC control equations. Users can define custom messages for the LCD display and control which messages are displayed. The device supports 32 remote control points for SCADA-type operations and 32 latching control points for functions like remote control enable, retaining states even after power loss.
The SEL-651R-2 also allows for replacing traditional indicating panel lights with 24 status and target LEDs and offers 64 general purpose timers and 16 up/down counters for custom schemes. Expanded SELOGIC capabilities allow engineers to assign relay inputs, logically combine elements, and assign outputs for complex applications.
ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 With Design Features
ACSELERATOR QuickSet SEL-5030 Software allows offline settings development, checking, and transfer. It converts event reports to oscillograms and phasor diagrams. A licensed version enables commissioning using only necessary settings and allows creation of custom Application Designs to quickly implement advanced schemes. Settings can be aliased, mathematically manipulated, and custom notes added. Application Designs enhance security by restricting access to specific settings groups.
MIRRORED BITS Communications
SEL's patented MIRRORED BITS® technology enables bidirectional recloser control-to-recloser digital communications over EIA-232 serial ports. This feature creates virtual inputs and outputs for transmitting and receiving information between relays, enhancing coordination and speeding up tripping for downstream faults. It also reduces scheme operating time by eliminating the need for output contacts.
Integrated Web Server
An embedded web server allows users to safely read settings, verify self-test status, inspect meter reports, and view event history via a web browser. Access Level 1 or lower prevents control or modification actions. Users with appropriate engineering access (2AC) can upgrade firmware over Ethernet. Firmware files contain cryptographic signatures to ensure authenticity, with the relay reverting to previous firmware if verification fails.
Applications
Automatic Network Reconfiguration
Automatic Network Reconfiguration (ANR) enhances system reliability by isolating faulted line sections and restoring service to unaffected areas. Simple ANR implementations involve no direct communication between sites and minimal voltage sensing. Advanced ANR, shown in Figure 12, uses source-side and load-side voltages and Mirrored Bits communications (via fiber optics or radio) between recloser sites to speed up the process. ANR is particularly valuable in urban areas and for critical loads requiring tie points to other feeders for restoration.
A diagram illustrates simple automatic network reconfiguration, and another shows advanced automatic network reconfiguration with fiber-optic or radio communication.
Distributed Energy Resource Interconnection
Reclosers are ideal for interconnecting microgrids and DER to area electric power systems (Area EPS). They are often specified with six LEA voltage sensors. These solutions are used at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) as defined in IEEE 1547. Autosynchronism control of DER ensures eventual synchronism-check closing of the recloser when slip frequency, phase angle, and voltage magnitude differences are within allowable limits.
A diagram illustrates a distributed energy resource intertie, showing connections for synchronism-check elements, autosynchronism elements, frequency matching, and voltage matching.
Single-Phase Tripping/Reclosing
Single-phase tripping/reclosing improves system reliability by keeping customers on unfaulted phases in service. In a single-phase fault scenario, only the pole corresponding to the faulted phase opens, minimizing power disruption. This feature is applicable to rural areas with single-phase loads, allowing flexibility in switching between single-phase and three-phase operation based on seasonal needs. Trip levels can be set independently for each phase.
Available trip-reclose-lockout modes for single-phase reclosers include three-phase trip/reclose with three-phase lockout, and single-phase trip/reclose with either three-phase or single-phase lockout. Three-phase tripping is also available for all single-phase trip modes.
A diagram shows how single-phase tripping isolates only the faulted phase.
Protection Features
Overcurrent Protection
The SEL-651R-2 supports combinations of fast and delay curves for phase, ground, and negative-sequence overcurrent protection. For a nominal 1000:1 CT ratio, settings can be as sensitive as 100 A primary for phase-to-ground overcurrent and 5 A primary for ground overcurrent protection. Table 3 lists available curve choices, conforming to IEEE C37.112-1996 standards. Curve modifiers like constant time adder and vertical multiplier (time dial) are available. The device offers two reset characteristic choices for time-overcurrent elements.
A diagram illustrates coordinating the SEL-651R-2 with other devices.
Load Encroachment
Load-encroachment logic prevents phase overcurrent elements from operating under high load conditions. This feature allows load current to enter a predefined area on the impedance plane without causing a trip, even if the current exceeds the phase minimum trip level.
A diagram illustrates load-encroachment logic defining no-trip zones.
Directional Elements Increase Sensitivity and Security
Phase and ground directional elements are standard, with an automatic setting mode based on replica line impedance. Phase directional elements control phase-overcurrent and negative-sequence overcurrent elements. Positive-sequence and negative-sequence directional elements work together, providing reliable output for close-in faults. Ground directional elements control ground overcurrent elements, utilizing negative-sequence and zero-sequence voltage-polarized elements. The patented Best Choice Ground Directional Element® logic selects the optimal element based on system conditions, eliminating manual settings.
Loss-of-Potential Logic Supervises Directional Elements
Voltage-polarized directional elements rely on valid input voltages. The SEL-651R-2 includes loss-of-potential logic that detects blown potential fuses and disables directional elements, allowing forward-set overcurrent elements to operate nondirectionally in such conditions. This patented logic is unique and universally applicable.
Reclosing
The SEL-651R-2 supports up to four recloses, allowing five operations of overcurrent elements. It verifies adequate close power before autoreclosing. Reset timings for autoreclose and manual/remote close from lockout are set separately. Front-panel LEDs track autoreclosing states (79 RESET, 79 CYCLE, 79 LOCKOUT). Sequence coordination logic prevents tripping on fast curves for faults beyond a downstream recloser. Reclosing logic can be customized using SELOGIC control equations, programmable timers, counters, latches, and logic functions.
Power Elements
Four independent directional three-phase power elements are available, configurable to detect real or reactive power. SELOGIC control equations enable various protection and control applications, including overpower/underpower protection, reverse power protection, and VAR control for capacitor banks.
Harmonic Blocking Elements Secure Protection During Transformer Energization
Transformer inrush can cause sensitive protection to operate. The second-harmonic blocking feature detects inrush and blocks selected tripping elements until it subsides. The blocking threshold is set as a percentage of fundamental current, with settable pickup and dropout times for security and dependability. Programmable torque control equations can enable the blocking element immediately after breaker closing.
Fast Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency Protection for Fast Islanding Protection
The 81RF element offers faster response than standard frequency (81) and rate-of-change-of-frequency (81R) elements, making it suitable for detecting islanding conditions. It uses a characteristic based on frequency deviation from nominal frequency (DF) and rate-of-change of frequency (DFDT) to detect islanding. A diagram illustrates fast islanding detection, and another shows the 81RF characteristics with trip regions.
Vector Shift (78VS) Protection
The vector shift (78VS) element detects islanding conditions in distributed generator (DG) connections and trips the DG. Failure to trip islanded generators can lead to safety issues, out-of-synchronization reclosing, and power quality degradation. The vector shift function detects islanding by monitoring changes in the voltage waveform angle. It serves as a backup to the 81RF element for fast and secure islanding detection, operating within three cycles.
Fault Locating
The SEL-651R-2 provides accurate fault location estimates, even with substantial load flow, using fault type, replica line impedance settings, and fault conditions. It operates without communication channels or special instrument transformers, aiding efficient line crew dispatch and service restoration. The fault locator requires three-phase voltage inputs.
High-Impedance Fault Detection
High-impedance faults, characterized by low fault currents, are detected by the SEL-651R-2 with Arc Sense™ technology, unaffected by system operation conditions. High-impedance fault event reports are stored in Compressed ASCII and COMTRADE formats. An alternative method uses a ground overcurrent element to count ground current exceedances, triggering an alarm if a set threshold is met.
Monitoring and Metering
Event Reporting and Sequential Events Recorder (SER)
Event Reports and Sequential Events Recorder features simplify post-fault analysis, aiding understanding of protective scheme operations, testing, and troubleshooting. Settings, events, and other data are accessible via a single communication link.
Event Reporting and Oscillography
User-selected triggers capture voltage, current, and element status for post-fault analysis. Users can specify detail levels (4, 16, 32, or 128 samples/cycle). The relay stores a configurable number of event reports based on report length (e.g., 40 reports of 15 cycles). Reports are stored in nonvolatile memory and are available in ASCII, Compressed ASCII, and COMTRADE formats, including relay settings at the time of the event. High-impedance fault reports are also available.
Demodulated IRIG-B time code can be input for microsecond accurate time synchronization. Connecting to an SEL communications processor enables millisecond accurate time synchronization.
Synchrophasor Measurements
The IEEE C37.118-2005 protocol supports sending synchrophasor data to SEL applications like the Station Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC) and Vector Processor (SVP). These applications correlate data from multiple SEL-651R-2 controls for advanced applications such as measuring oscillation modes, controlling islanding, and customizing synchrophasor control. SYNCHROWAVE software archives and displays wide-area system measurements. The SEL-651R-2 offers selectable data rates and meets IEEE C37.118-2005 Level 1 accuracy requirements.
A diagram shows how synchrophasor measurements turn state estimation into state measurement.
Improve Situational Awareness
Advanced synchrophasor-based tools provide real-time system views, improving operator response to contingencies and enhancing system stability. System trends help operators set protection levels accurately.
A graph visualizes phase angle measurements across a power system. A screenshot shows the SYNCHROWAVE Central visualization tool.
Voltage Sag/Swell/Interrupt (VSSI) Report
VSSI reports capture power quality data related to voltage disturbances over time, including current magnitudes, three-phase voltages, and VSSI element status. This data aids in analyzing disturbances lasting longer than conventional event reports. VSSI recording rates vary based on triggering elements.
Recloser Wear Monitor
The recloser wear monitor measures unfiltered AC current at trip and close-to-open operations to assess wear. It integrates current per phase and asserts a logic point when integration exceeds a threshold defined by a recloser wear curve. This method is based on switchgear manufacturer breaker rating methods.
A diagram shows a recloser contact wear curve and settings.
Load Profile
The load profile recorder can record up to 15 selectable analog quantities at periodic rates (5, 10, 15, 30, or 60 minutes), storing data in nonvolatile memory. With a 5-minute rate and 15 quantities, it stores up to 26 days of data.
Metering
The SEL-651R-2 provides extensive metering capabilities, reporting quantities in primary units. THD elements are used for harmonics-based decisions. A phantom voltage feature creates balanced three-phase voltage values from single-phase connections for three-phase power and energy metering.
Tables detail available metering quantities for instantaneous, fundamental, demand, energy, maximum/minimum, RMS, and harmonic measurements for currents and voltages.
Additional Features
Status and Trip Target LEDs/ Operator Controls
The SEL-651R-2 features 24 programmable status and trip target LEDs and 12 programmable direct-action operator-control pushbuttons. These can be customized using SELOGIC control equations and configurable labels. Optional tricolor LEDs allow color customization. Functions are easily configured using QuickSet.
Diagrams show the front view of the SEL-651R-2 Relay and Power Modules for dual-door and single-door enclosures, detailing the HMI, LEDs, and pushbuttons.
Control Inputs and Outputs
The base SEL-651R-2 includes dedicated trip/close outputs. It offers two Form C output contacts (OUT201, OUT202), with OUT201 factory-programmed as an alarm output. Additional I/O options include optoisolated inputs (IN101–IN107) and Form A/C output contacts (OUT101–OUT108). Inputs can be assigned for control functions, monitoring, and indication, with programmable debounce times. Output contacts are programmable via SELOGIC control equations.
Rear-Panel Diagrams
Diagrams illustrate the rear views of the SEL-651R-2 Relay Module and Power Module, showing various ports and connections. Diagrams also depict rear-panel communications port configurations, including optional Ethernet and serial ports.
Enclosure Dimensions
Dimensional drawings are provided for both dual-door and single-door enclosure mounting plans, including pole-mount configurations, showing overall dimensions and mounting hole details.
Specifications
Specifications cover compliance (ISO 9001 certified), general AC current inputs (1 A or 3 A nominal), AC voltage inputs (300 V PT, 8 V LEA, Eaton NOVA LEA, Lindsey SVMI LEA, Siemens LEA), power supply options (120 Vac, 230 Vac, 125 Vdc, 48 Vdc), output contacts, trip and close outputs for various recloser types, optoisolated inputs, communications ports (EIA-232, EIA-485, USB, Ethernet), time-code inputs, synchronization accuracy, processing specifications (oscillography, digital filtering), protection and control processing, and type tests (Surge Withstand Capability, simulated surge arrester operation). Environmental specifications (cold, damp heat, dry heat, vibration, ingress protection) and safety/insulation coordination details are also provided.
Tables detail specifications for various input types, output ratings, recloser type tests, and environmental/safety compliance.
Technical Support
Contact Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. for product support via phone, internet, or email. The document includes company contact information and copyright details, noting that only the English language document is approved and that the product is covered by a standard 10-year warranty.
