Surface Emissivity Coefficients
User Manual for Chiltrix models including: CXRC1-4, CXRC1-8, CXRC1, Radiant Cooling Controller, CXRC1 Radiant Cooling Controller, Cooling Controller, Controller
Chiltrix CXRC1-4 Radiant cooling controller w/ 4 ports
Chiltrix CXRC1-8 Radiant cooling controller w/ 8ports
File Info : application/pdf, 22 Pages, 1.10MB
DocumentDocumentCXRC1 Radiant Cooling Controller An Add-On Controller Compatible with Most Radiant Heating Controllers Installation & Operation Manual V 1.1 Revised 6-17-2022 1 Table of Contents Operation Overview .......................................................................3 Theory of Operation & Application Notes ..................................4 Installation Overview .....................................................................5 Fittings & Components Installation ..............................................6 Piping & Wiring Diagrams ..............................................................9 Sensors Installation.........................................................................10 Sensor Location ..............................................................................12 Controller Operation ......................................................................13 Condensation Safety & Alarm Output .......................................15 Testing & Troubleshooting ...........................................................16 Determining Set Points / Calculators ........................................ 17 Augmentation ................................................................................22 2 CXRC1 Operation Overview Radiant cooling is the most efficient and comfortable method of cooling available for users is a dry or moderate climate and be highly beneficial even in humid climates. However, if a radiant surface is operated below the dew point, unwanted condensation will be produced. A fast acting radiant cooling controller designed to prevent this, such as CXRC1, is required. The CXRC1 is designed to be added to any existing radiant heating controller to enable the additional function of radiant cooling. The existing radiant controller will need to have thermostat(s) that are capable of calling for cooling. These can be added to nearly any controller. Below is a logical topology of the CXRC1 radiant cooling controller: 3 Theory of Operation The CXRC1 monitors the indoor dew point and compares it to the water temperature entering the supply manifold. There is a cross-connect between the supply and return lines, and a motorized 3-way mixing valve that can mix water returning from the radiant system back into the supply, before entering the supply manifold, to quickly raise the temperature as needed to adjust the water temperature so that it will be above the dew point or above a pre-set delta to the dew point. This helps ensure that water entering the radiant system is at a temperature that will not produce condensation. Application Notes: The CXRC1 is not a radiant controller, it is an add-on to most any Brand or model standard radiant controller, to allow you to operate a radiant heating system In a cooling mode without condensation issues. BEFORE ORDERING OR INSTALLING THE CXRC1, PLEASE CONSULT WITH CHILTRIX TECHNICAL SUPPORT DEPT. TO VERIFY THAT YOUR RADIANT CONTROLLER IS COMPATIBLE. YOU WILL NEED TO PROVIDE THE MAKE AND MODEL, AND A PDF MANUAL OR A LINK TO THE MANUAL ONLINE FOR YOUR RADIANT CONTROLLER. The radiant controller will need to have one or more thermostats that have the capability of cooling function. You may need to replace or add to your current thermostats. 2. This radiant cooling controller is designed to monitor indoor dew points and adjust the temperature of the water (or water/glycol) entering the radiant system such that the radiant surfaces do not drop below the dew point. This can prevent condensation (accidental dehumidification) which could cause water damage or inconvenience. 3. The system is ordered as follows: CXRC1-4 has 4x RJ45 Ethernet ports, can connect to one to four dew point sensors. CXRC1-8 has 8x RJ45 Ethernet ports, can connect to one to eight dew point sensors. DPX1 Dew Point Sensors are ordered separately. 4. All dew point sensors connect to the CXRC1 via CAT6 cable (supplied by installer). Up to 150 ft. cabling distance is allowed per sensor. 5. ASHRAE requires an indoor humidity </= 60% RH to prevent EMC, corrosion, or mold. In some climates, you will need a dehumidifier to ensure this. A radiant cooling system cannot and will not dehumidify. 4 Installation Overview 1. READ THIS MANUAL IN IT'S ENTIRETY BEFORE PROCEDING. 2. Verify the thermostats used with the existing radiant heating controller are capable of a cooling setting. If not, augment or replace the thermostats. Consult with the radiant cooling controller manual to see how to connect any new or additional thermostat or call Chiltrix technical support for assistance. Radiant cooling control can be configured to work with nearly all radiant controllers. 3. Install sensor well and PT100 sensor fitting. 4. Install the controller CXRC1. 5. Install supply-return cross connect and proportional mixing valve. 6. Install dew point sensors, run cabling, connect CAT6 cables to all dew point sensors to the controller according to this manual. 7. Connect all wiring according to this manual. 8. Determine and install optional customer-provided alarm output device. 9. Configure controller according to the Chiltrix radiant calculators particularly using the "Surface temperature" tab. 10. Test system operation. 5 . Installation of fittings When installing any fittings, make sure that you use some type of sealant on all threads. Regular Teflon tape will work fine for sealant. The included sensor fitting is 1 ¼ " FNPT, you can adapt to this as needed for your PEX or copper fittings. The fittings on the included 3 way valve are 1" FNPT. Above is an image of the sensor fitting, a Tee-adapter from 1 ¼" to the ½". This size fitting is used to create a near-0 pressure drop sensor fitting for the PT100 sensor. 6 A properly installed PT100 sensor assembly Three-way mixing valve 7 Installation of Mixing Valve When installing the 3 way valve please use Teflon tape on the fitting ports to prevent any water leakage. The 3 way valve must be installed with the white actuator on top as shown below. Secure the valve to a mounting board if it is directly connected to PEX tubing on all ends. The orientation of the position of the valve (0 to 1) at time of install does not matter, it will be addressed later in the manual. Above, valve supported by copper pipe on 2 sides IMPORTANT NOTE The mixing valve, cross connect piping, and PT100, MUST all be on the manifold supply line and MUST be "upstream" of the pump(s) as shown in the various diagrams of this manual. 8 Example Piping Diagram Wiring Diagram 9 Mounting of the Controller and Dew Point Sensors Mount the controller in a interior location near the mixing valve and PT100 temperature sensor fitting, and away from any exposure to water or dirt. Mounting tabs are located on the control box on each side. This location may be near the buffer tank, or near the manifolds. NOTE: neither the controller or dew point sensors are water proof. It's also recommended to consider access to a wall outlet (110-120vac). The controller is powered by a 110-120 wall outlet plug. Sensors Mount each sensor in each area where you wish to monitor the dew point. The sensors have mounting tabs on each side just like the control box. The wire connector can go in two different ways. First method is to drill a hole in the wall and slide the connector through the back of the sensor box, it is an oval shaped hole. The short end of the housing "vents" can also be pushed out with your fingers to run the sensor wire through if you wanted to mount the sensor on the celling or along side a wall. Note these vents are designed to "breakaway" so they are relatively fragile. Be careful and don't break them by accident. 10 Dew Point Sensors CAT6 Sensor Cabling Sensor cabling is an installer-provided item. After determining the sensor locations you will need to measure the length you need and then order or make cable of the correct length with RJ45 connectors in order to connect the sensors to the controller. You can have up to 4/8 sensors connected to the controller according to which model was ordered, you can use as few as one sensor according to your needs. USE CAT6 CABLE 11 Dew Point Sensors Proper Location Location, Location, location where to put the dew point sensors? So here we may hear a lot about classical physics and the ideal gas laws, in particular, Avogadro's Law and Fick's Laws of Diffusion. Without going deeper into this, these laws tell us that 1) humidity seeks equilibrium and does not need the actual movement of air in order to equalize across an area, and 2) that, as counterintuitive as it may seem, a volume of air is lighter when it has a higher humidity, and therefore rises. Don't worry about which law wins. In a cooler part of an enclosed space, RH will be higher because the air can hold less moisture, in a warmer area the air can hold more water, so the RH is lower. Neither have anything to do with the dew point unless the actual (absolute) humidity changes. Don't worry about it or let the experts confuse you. Just locate the dew point sensors in the area served by the radiant cooling surface, and generally as near as practical to the surface that you are protecting from a dew point issue. We are only concerned about the dew point and not RH in this regard. For most users, one or two dew point sensors, more or less central to the area, based on common sense, per floor, is all that's needed. If you use radiant from the ceiling you can put the sensors higher on the wall, for floor radiant it really does not matter. One note if you have a persistent source of new absolute humidity, like a leaky pipe, fix it. Another note if you have a high cathedral type ceiling, this is a good location to pull in air for your dehumidifier, 12 CXRC1 Controller Operation The controller has firmware to read the sensors and control the valve position, the end user will need to set a temperature dew point offset. This temperature may the set by the user to automatically track the dew point, or may be set to operate at some delta above or below the dew point. Note: In many cases the water temperature can be safely set below the dew point. See the section on temperature selection. Ex: If you set the controller at "+2F" the controller will operate with a target temperature to the supply manifold as "dew point plus 2 degrees Fahrenheit". The controller will cycle between two different menus as shown below. 13 CXRC1 Controller Operation Cont'd In order to change any settings on the controller you will need to hold down the menu button for about 5-10 seconds in order to enter into the main menu. Once in the main menu, you can select "Dew Pt Offset", this setting is the offset to which the controller will target the output water temp based on the highest dew point read (the highest reading of any individual sensor). The dew point offset is a target in relationship to the dew point. Example: if the offset is +4F and the highest dew point read from the sensors is 54F then the controller will target an output temp of 58F. If the setting is -4F and the sensors are reporting a dew point of 54F then the target would be 50F. The Dew Pt Offset is configurable to target an output water temp below the dew point in cases where you have a sealed system and a known R value between the surface of the water and the surface that is in contact with the rooms air temperature. See temperature selection section. 14 Condensation Safety Precautions: It is recommended that the CXRC1 be powered from the same circuit as the pump(s) such that any power or circuit breaker problem that stops power to the CXRC also disables the circulator pump(s). Alarm Output The CXRC1 has a low-amp (.2a) 5v alarm output that can be used signal an error or loss of communication with dew point sensors. It is recommended that this be connected to a small solid state relay that can be set up to trigger a warning signal such as a bell or other alarm to let you know of any failed sensor. If the mixing valve fails to receive communications from the controller but still has power, the mixing valve will move to full-recirculation as a safety precaution. 15 Testing & Troubleshooting Testing: Run the system and pay close attention to the radiant surface temperatures and dew point (see next page diagram) where unwanted condensation may occur and look for any condensation. There should be no wetness at all. Temperatures should agree with your projections within 1-2 degrees F, adjust as needed. Monitor this closely at various temperatures and conditions after initial startup, until you are sure your settings are sufficient. Problem: Valve does not operate upon start up Solution: Make sure your power wires are plugged in, if the controller LCD is not lit up then the valve does not have power. Upon start up the valve will start at full recirculation and then it will begin to modulate. Problem: Valve is moving too much, too fast, too far, etc. Solution: This is not exactly as it appears. This valve uses a gear reduction motor so the valve manual positioner that you can see may appear to move a very large amount, note that even an apparent full turn of the valve is only a small change to the actual amount of in mixing/non-mixing adjustment applied. Problem: I am getting unexpected condensation Solution: Check your calculations for error, or there may be an error in your R-value assumptions. If this cannot be corrected with adjustments on your own, please contact Chiltrix technical support (advanced support dept.). 16 How To Select The Proper Temperature Setting For Maximum Capacity In any case where there is uninsulated or exposed piping at any point where condensation would be a problem, we suggest a setting of dew point +2F. Likewise, if the thermal sandwich is not vapor tight and properly insulated, use dew point +2. We suggest to properly insulate and use vapor tight taping or barrier to allow a lower offset to dew point and therefore higher capacity. If all piping is insulated, and the back side of the "thermal sandwich" is also insulated well and vapor tight, a target below the dew point can be used to gain more cooling capacity. The "thermal sandwich" refers to the radiant surface, and to what is behind it. An example below shows a typical thermal sandwich on a ceiling. The same logic is to be applied for floor or wall use. Thermal Sandwich Vapor-tight Insulation PEX Tubing Aluminum Transfer Plate Drywall, Wood, etc. Room, Air This is the "radiant surface" and is the area where condensation can form if not controlled correctly. Above, "thermal sandwich" shown as ceiling radiant. For floor radiant, just turn it upside down. In the above example, assuming the piping and all insulation is vapor tight and has an Rvalue of at least as high as the sandwich section marked "drywall or wood", the only surface where condensation risk is presented is the drywall or wood surface (the "radiant surface". The temperature target offset of the CXRC1 will be based on this surface and therefore the water temperature target can be lower than the dew point. You can use our surface temperature calculator to estimate a safe offset. See the calculators page. Any questions or uncertainty can be resolved by contacting Chiltrix Advanced Support (Engineering Department). 17 Radiant Cooling (and Heating) Calculators Find The Best Temperature Offset For Maximum Capacity Please refer to the calculators here: https://www.chiltrix.com/radiant-cooling/radiant-calculators/ Please continue reading for an explanation of how to use the calculators. About these calculators - in spite of the fact that most radiant systems are designed and configured based on rule-of-thumb or experience, there are laws of physics that can and should be used for proper design and configuration of any radiant system, for heating or cooling. Beyond just physics in fact, in is mostly related to quantum mechanics. To spare our partners and customers the burden of learning how to use Plancks constant, Kirchhoff's laws, Wien's law, the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, Newtons Law of Cooling, Fourier's law, and others, we have created some basic calculators. On the calculator page you will see there are four tabs across the top as follows: Radiant, Surface Temp, Convert K to R, and Dew Point. The Radiant Tab: This calculator allows you to see the net radiant heating or cooling that can be obtained from a square meter or square foot of a radiant surface based on its temperature and the temperature of its local environment (i.e. the temperature of the "things" in the room to be conditioned walls, furniture, floor, ceiling, people, etc. You will note there are two sections, in the top section you will input the following: 1. The emissivity of the radiant surface. This can be measured with an accurate laser thermometer with adjustable emissivity, used in combination of an accurate surface temperature sensor. Or more easily, you can look up the emissivity of most materials or coatings online, for example, here https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/emissivity- coefficients-d_447.html or here https://www.transmetra.ch/images/transmetra_pdf/publikationen_liter atur/pyrometrie-thermografie/emissivity_table.pdf And there are many other resources online. 18 Radiant Cooling (and Heating) Calculators (cont'd) Find The Best Temperature Offset For Maximum Capacity 2. The next input of the Radiant calculator is the temperature. Note this is not the water temperature, rather it refers to the temperature of the radiant surface which we will get to in a moment. 3. The next input is the area, please leave this as-is at 1 M^2 (the output will be converted for BTU per Ft.^2 automatically later on) 4. In the next section, you can also input the average emissivity for a collection of normal things found in a room wood, stone, plastic, fabrics, painted surfaces, etc. This can be left at the default value of .91 unless you have reason to change it. 5. And in this section, you can input the average temperate of these "things" in the conditioned space. Generally for a radiant heating calculation you would use 65-68F. For cooling, we suggest 76-78F. Note that when using radiant, many users find that an indoor winter air temperature of around 64-65F is quite comfortable, due to the nature of radiant heating. Likewise with radiant cooling, user are often comfortable at 80F and report that it feels more like 75F. 6. At the bottom, you will find the net output. So how to define the radiant panel temperature? It will not be the same as the operating water temperature. Go to the Surface Temp tab. 19 Radiant Cooling (and Heating) Calculators (cont'd) Find The Best Temperature Offset For Maximum Capacity The Surface Temp Tab: This is a handy way to estimate the surface temperature when you know the water temperature, and the R-value of what is between the water (PEX tube) and the radiant surface, and the air temperature of the room. For "radiant temp" input a water temperature. You can play with some worst case scenarios, maybe from 45-65F. For air temp, you can also play with some worst case scenarios, maybe 70-90F. For entering an R-value, this is where things get tricky. So in the thermal sandwich there may be multiple different types of materials. And many materials do not have a published R-value. But don't worry, there is a solution on the next page. Once you have the R values (see next page for info on K to R conversion) along with the water temp and the air temp, you will be able to calculate the estimated surface temperature. 20 Radiant Cooling (and Heating) Calculators (cont'd) Find The Best Temperature Offset For Maximum Capacity The Convert K to R Tab: As mentioned, many materials will not have a published R-value that is easy to find. But nearly every material will have a published K value if you look for it. K value is essentially the inverse of an R value measured in W/m^2/K. Don't worry about what all of that means. Just find your K values online, here is a good example of where to find many material K values: https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html Or here https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336875733_DESIGNING_A_GUID ELINE_FOR_GREEN_ROOF_SYSTEM_IN_MALAYSIA There are many online resources that list nearly every possible material, use a search engine if needed. Note, sometimes you may find K-values expressed as mW/cm^2/K. If so, convert the values to W/m^2/K before using the calculator. The Dew Point Calculator Tab This one seems self-explanatory. 21 Augmentation If you are in a higher humidity climate, you may not be a good candidate for 100% radiant cooling. But even then, radiant cooling can be used along with a properly sized dehumidifier to provide up to 100% of your cooling, or, for augmentation. Radiant cooling is excellent for augmentation of a normal air conditioning system to increase indoor air quality, allow for higher volumes of outside ventilation air, be more comfortable, save energy costs, or cool a stubborn area. In the case of augmentation, you may for example be able to do half of your cooling at an efficiency rate 3x higher than your conventional cooling system. That comes out to a 17% net energy savings. Radiant Augmentation can allow expanded design and architectural flexibility. For example, if you will have a room with a lot of south facing glass, the floor itself can become a source of radiant heat that will seemingly defeat a conventional air conditioning system. The thermostat says the temperature is OK, but it still feels hot? That's one of the usually desirable effects of radiant heat, that in this case, when it interferes with cooling, it is not desirable. One option for this case is to use radiant floor cooling in that area, to zero-out the radiant heating effects of the floor that result from sun and window glass. Contact us with any questions. 22