APsystems Microinverter User Manual

1. Important Safety Instructions

This manual contains important instructions for the installation and maintenance of the APsystems Photovoltaic Grid-connected Microinverter. To reduce the risk of electrical shock and ensure safe installation and operation, pay attention to the following symbols:

• ⚠️ WARNING: Indicates a situation where failure to follow instructions may cause serious hardware failure or personnel danger. Use extreme caution.
• ? NOTICE: Indicates information important for optimized microinverter operation. Follow these instructions closely.

Specifications are subject to change without notice. Please ensure you are using the most recent update found at usa.apsystems.com/resources/library/ or canada.apsystems.com/resources/library/.

1.1 Safety Instructions

• ❌ Do NOT disconnect the PV module from the APsystems Microinverter without first disconnecting the AC power.
• Only qualified professionals should install and/or replace APsystems Microinverters.
• Perform all electrical installations in accordance with local electrical codes.
• Before installing or using the APsystems Microinverter, read all instructions and cautionary markings in the technical documents and on the APsystems Microinverter system and the solar array.
• Be aware that the body of the APsystems Microinverter is the heat sink and can reach a temperature of 80°C. To reduce the risk of burns, do not touch the body of the Microinverter.
• ❌ Do NOT attempt to repair the APsystems Microinverter. If it fails, contact APsystems Customer Support for an RMA number and replacement process. Damaging or opening the APsystems Microinverter will void the warranty.
• ⚡ Caution! The external protective earthing conductor is connected to the inverter protective earthing terminal through the AC connector. When connecting, connect the AC connector first to ensure inverter earthing, then make DC connections. When disconnecting, open the branch circuit breaker first, but maintain the protective earthing conductor connected to the inverter, then disconnect the DC inputs.
• Please install AC breakers on the AC side of the inverter.
• ? CAUTION - Hot surfaces: To reduce the risk of burns, do not touch. Risk of electric shock: (a) both AC and DC voltage sources are terminated inside this equipment. Each circuit must be individually disconnected before servicing, and (b) When the photovoltaic array is exposed to light, it supplies a DC voltage to this equipment. Warranty void if cover removed. No user serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to qualified service personnel.
• This inverter has an integral ground-fault detector/interrupter (GFDI). This Utility-Interactive Inverter contains active anti-islanding protection (IEEE1547) and is tested per FCC/IC.

1.2 Radio Interference Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

⚠️ WARNING RF exposure warning: This equipment must be installed and operated in accordance with provided instructions and the antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 20 cm from all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. End-users and installers must be provided with antenna installation instructions and transmitter operating conditions for satisfying RF exposure compliance.

1.3 Symbols in lieu of words

• APsystems: Trademark.
• ⚡: Caution, risk of electric shock.
• ?: Caution, hot surface.
• ❗: NOTICE, danger! This device directly connected with electricity generators and public grid.

Qualified personnel: Person adequately advised or supervised by an electrically skilled person to enable him or her to perceive risks and to avoid hazards which electricity can create. For the purpose of the safety information of this manual, a "qualified person" is someone who is familiar with requirements for safety, electrical system and EMC and is authorized to energize, ground, and tag equipment, systems, and circuits in accordance with established safety procedures. The inverter and photovoltaic system may only be commissioned and operated by qualified personnel.

⚠️ WARNING English Warning Statement: This device complies with Industry Canada license-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.

⚠️ WARNING French Warning Statement: Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes : (1) l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage, et (2) l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement.

2. APsystems Microinverter System Introduction

The APsystems Microinverter system is used in utility-interactive grid-tied applications and is comprised of three key elements:

• APsystems Microinverters
• APsystems Energy Communication Unit (ECU)
• APsystems Energy Monitor and Analysis (EMA) web-based monitoring and analysis system

Diagram Description: The diagram shows solar panels connected to APsystems microinverters. The microinverters are connected via a bus cable. An Energy Communication Unit (ECU) is shown, which communicates wirelessly with the microinverters. The ECU connects to the internet, which then connects to the EMA (Energy Monitor and Analysis) system, typically accessed via a web portal or app. The system is connected to an AC junction box and then to a distribution panel.

This integrated system improves safety, maximizes solar energy harvest, increases system reliability, and simplifies solar system design, installation, maintenance, and management.

Safety with APsystems Microinverters

In a typical string inverter installation, PV modules are connected in series, leading to high DC voltages (600Vdc to 1000Vdc) at the end of the PV string, posing a risk of electrical shocks or arcs. With APsystems microinverters, PV modules are connected in parallel. The voltage at the back of each PV module does not exceed the PV module's Voc, which is typically lower than 60Vdc. This low voltage is considered "safe to touch" and negates the risk of electrical shock, arcs, and fire hazards.

APsystems Microinverters maximize PV energy production

Each PV module has individual Maximum Peak Power Tracking (MPPT) control, ensuring maximum power is produced to the utility grid regardless of the performance of other PV modules in the array. Even when PV modules are affected by shade, dust, or different orientations, APsystems Microinverters maximize array performance by optimizing each module individually.

More reliable than centralized or string inverters

The distributed APsystems Microinverter system eliminates single points of system failure. APsystems Microinverters are designed to operate at full power at ambient outdoor temperatures up to 65°C (149°F). The inverter case is designed for outdoor installation and complies with the Type 6 environmental enclosure rating.

Simple to install

APsystems Microinverters are compatible with most 60 and 72 cell PV modules or 120 and 144 half-cut cells PV modules. For compatibility confirmation, use the online "E-decider" module compatibility tool or contact APsystems Technical Support. Installation requires minimal accessories, offering versatility for different roof orientations or module orientations. End-users can also expand their system with microinverters at any time.

Smart system performance monitoring and analysis

The APsystems Energy Communication Unit (ECU) is installed by plugging it into a wall outlet and connecting it via Ethernet or Wi-Fi to a broadband router or modem. After installation and setup (refer to ECU Instruction Manual), the APsystems Microinverters automatically report performance data to the APsystems Energy Monitor and Analysis (EMA) web server.

3. APsystems Microinverter DS3 Series Introduction

APsystems' 3rd generation of dual-module microinverters, the DS3 product family, represents years of power conversion expertise and innovation. It offers high-efficiency, high-density power conversion to maximize the peak performance of today's high-capacity PV modules. The DS3 series achieves unprecedented power output with 2 input channels, each with independent MPPT and encrypted wireless ZigBee communication. Its innovative and compact design makes the product lighter while maximizing power production. Silicone-encapsulated components reduce stress on electronics, facilitate thermal dissipation, and enhance weatherproofing. Reliability is increased by 20% fewer components than previous generations. 24/7 energy access through apps or a web-based portal facilitates remote diagnosis and maintenance.

The DS3 series is grid-interactive and fully compliant with CA Rule 21 requirements. With its unparalleled performance, 97.3% efficiency, and increased reliability, the APsystems DS3 series is a gamechanger for residential and commercial solar.

Key Product Features:

• One microinverter connects to two solar modules.
• Max output power reaching 640VA, 768VA, or 880VA.
• Two independent input channels (MPPT).
• CA Rule 21 (UL 1741 SA) compliant.
• NEC 2020 690.12 Rapid Shutdown Compliant.
• Encrypted Wireless ZigBee Communication.
• Phase Monitored and Phase Balanced.

4. APsystems Microinverter System Installation

A PV system using APsystems Microinverters is simple to install. Each Microinverter mounts on the PV racking directly beneath the PV module(s). Low voltage DC wires connect from the PV module to the Microinverter, eliminating the risk of high DC voltage. Installation MUST comply with local regulations and technical rules.

Special Statement: We advise installation of an RCD breaker only if required by the local electrical code.

⚠️ WARNING

1. Perform all electrical installations in accordance with local electrical codes.
2. Be aware that only qualified professionals should install and/or replace APsystems Microinverters.
3. Before installing or using an APsystems Microinverter, read all instructions and warnings in the technical documents and on the APsystems Microinverter system itself, as well as on the PV array.
4. Be aware that installation of this equipment includes the risk of electric shock.
5. Do not touch any live parts in the system, including the PV array, when the system has been connected to the electrical grid.

? NOTICE

Even if not required by local electrical code, we strongly recommend installing surge protection devices in the dedicated AC box.

4.1 Additional accessories supplied by APsystems

• AC Y3 Bus cable
• AC Y3 Bus Cable End Cap
• AC Y3 Bus Cable Y-CONN Cap
• AC Y3 Bus Cable Unlock Tool
• ECU
• AC connectors male/female

4.2 Other required accessories not supplied by APsystems

In addition to your PV array and its associated hardware, you may need the following items:

• An AC connection junction box
• Mounting hardware suitable for module racking
• Sockets and wrenches for mounting hardware

4.3 PV Rapid Shut Down Equipment

This product is PV Rapid Shut Down Equipment and conforms with NEC-2014 and NEC-2017 section 690.12, for AC and DC conductors, when installed according to the following requirements:

• Microinverters and all DC connections must be installed inside the array boundary.
• The array boundary is defined as 305 mm (1 ft.) from the array in all directions, or 1 m (3 ft.) from the point of entry inside a building.

This rapid shutdown system must be provided with an initiating device and (or with) status indicator, installed in a location accessible to first responders, or connected to an automatic system that initiates rapid shutdown upon activation of a system disconnect or another type of emergency system. The initiator shall be listed and identified as a disconnecting means that plainly indicates whether it is in the "off" or "on" position. Examples include:

• Service disconnecting means
• PV system disconnecting means
• Readily accessible switch or circuit breaker

The handle position of a switch or circuit breaker is suitable for use as an indicator. Refer to NEC for more information.

Additionally, in a prominent location near the initiator device, a placard or label must be provided with a permanent marking including the following wording: 'PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM EQUIPPED WITH RAPID SHUTDOWN'. The term 'PHOTOVOLTAIC' may be replaced with 'PV'. The label requires reference NEC 690.65 to meet audit requirements.

4.3 Installation Procedures

4.3.1 Step 1 - Verify that grid voltage matches microinverter rating

4.3.2 Step 2 – Y3 AC Bus Cable distribution

a. One end of the AC bus cable is used to access the junction box into the power grid.

b. Wire the conductors of the AC bus: L1 - BLACK; L2 - RED; PE - GREEN.

⚠️ WARNING Wiring color code can be different according to local regulations. Check all wires before connecting to the AC bus to ensure they match. Improper cabling can irreparably damage the microinverters; such damage is not covered by the warranty.

⚠️ WARNING Do NOT carry the microinverter by the AC cable. This may cause the AC cable to partially or fully disconnect from the unit, resulting in no or poor operation.

4.4.3 Step 3 - Attach the APsystems Microinverters to the Racking

a. Mark the location of the microinverter on the rack, with respect to the PV module junction box or any other obstructions.

b. Mount one microinverter at each of these locations using hardware recommended by your module racking vendor.

Diagram Description: The diagram shows microinverters being mounted onto a solar panel racking system. It illustrates the placement relative to the PV module's junction box and indicates the use of mounting hardware, including a grounding washer.

⚠️ WARNING Install the microinverters (including DC and AC connectors) under the PV modules to avoid direct exposure to rain, UV, or other harmful weather events. Allow a minimum of 1.5 cm (3/4'') below and above the casing of the microinverter to allow proper air flow. The racking must be properly grounded as per local electrical code.

Tip

When flush-mounting photovoltaic modules on the rooftop, please reserve the DC connectors, antenna, and LED indicator of the microinverter facing outwards to facilitate monitoring of indicator status and ensure optimal communication quality.

4.4.4 Step 4 - Ground the system

The Y3 AC Bus cable has an embedded PE wire, which might be sufficient for proper grounding of the whole PV array. However, in areas with special grounding requirements, external grounding work may still be needed, using the grounding lug supplied with the Microinverter.

Diagram Description: The diagram shows the grounding lug being connected to the microinverter.

4.4.5 Step 5 - Connect the APsystems microinverter to AC bus cable

Insert the microinverter AC connector into the trunk cable connector. Make sure to hear the "click" as proof of robust connection.

Diagram Description: The diagram illustrates connecting the AC connector of the microinverter to the trunk cable connector, highlighting the "click" sound as an indicator of a secure connection.

Best Practice:

Use the AC Bus Cable Unlock Tool to disconnect the connectors.

Diagram Description: The diagram shows the AC connector interface from left to right, indicating L1, PE, and L2.

Cover any unused connectors with Bus Cable Y-CONN Cap to protect the unused connectors.

4.4.6 Step 6 - Install a Bus Cable End Cap at the end of AC bus cable

a. Rotate the nut with 4-5N·m until the latching mechanism meets the base.

b. Insert the cable end into the seal.

c. Strip cable jacket (25mm-30mm).

Diagram Description: The diagram shows the steps for installing a bus cable end cap: rotating the nut, inserting the cable end into the seal, and stripping the cable jacket.

4.4.7 Step 7 - Connect APsystems Microinverters to the PV Modules

Diagram Description: The diagram shows the microinverter with its DC input connectors and the corresponding connections from the PV module.

? NOTICE

When plugging in the DC cables, the microinverter should immediately blink green ten times. This indicates the microinverter is functioning correctly. This check function starts and ends within 10 seconds of plugging in the unit, so pay careful attention to these lights when connecting the DC cables.

⚠️ WARNING

Double-check to ensure all AC and DC wiring is correctly installed. Ensure that none of the AC and/or DC wires are pinched or damaged. Make sure that all junction boxes are properly closed.

Diagram Description: The diagram shows a microinverter with incorrect DC connections (red X) and correct DC connections (green checkmark).

⚠️ WARNING

Each PV panel must be carefully connected to the same channel. Make sure not to split positive and negative DC cables into two different input channels; the microinverter will be damaged, and the warranty will not apply.

4.4.8 Step 8 - Connect APsystems Microinverters to Grid

Diagram Description: The diagram illustrates the connection of the APsystems DS3 microinverter to the grid via a meter, showing connections for L1, L2, PE, and the AC breaker.

? NOTICE

1. Please install bipolar circuit breakers with proper rated current or according to local regulations, which are mandatory to connect to the grid.
2. Leakage current breakers or AFCI/GFCI breakers are not recommended to install.

4.4.9 Step 9 - AC Extension Cable

Diagram Description: The diagram shows how to use an AC extension cable. It illustrates connecting the bus cable and AC extension cable in a junction box or using a pair of male/female AC connectors. It shows a bus cable end cap, AC connectors (male/female), AC junction box, AC extension cable, and multiple DS3 microinverters connected in series.

When an AC extension cable is needed, users can connect the AC bus cable and AC extension cable in a junction box or use a pair of male/female AC connectors that APsystems provides as an optional accessory.

4.4.10 Step 10 - Complete the APsystems installation map

a. Each APsystems Microinverter has 2 removable serial number labels.

b. Complete the installation map by affixing the ID label of each microinverter in the correct location.

c. The second serial number label can be stuck on the solar module frame, which helps to confirm the position of the microinverter without dismantling the PV module.

Diagram Description: The diagram shows two serial number labels being peeled off a microinverter and indicates where they can be placed, one on the installation map and one on the solar module frame.

? NOTICE

1. The layout of the microinverters' serial number installation map is only suitable for a typical installation.
2. The Installation Map is available in the last page appendix of this manual.
3. Use ECU_APP (available in the EMA Manager) to scan the serial numbers on the map when setting up the ECU (see ECU instruction manual for more info).

5. APsystems microinverter system operating instructions

To operate the APsystems microinverter PV system:

1. Turn ON the AC circuit breaker on each microinverter AC branch circuit.
2. Turn ON the main utility-grid AC circuit breaker. Your system will start producing power after approximately one minute of waiting time.
3. Microinverter data will be available in the EMA Manager APP or in the EMA web portal.

Alternatively, LED sequences can indicate microinverter status (see section 6.1).

? NOTICE

Once the ECU has been commissioned properly, the APsystems Microinverters will start to send performance data to the ECU. The time required for all microinverters in the system to report to the ECU will vary depending on the number of microinverters in the system.

6. Troubleshooting

Qualified personnel can use the following troubleshooting steps if the PV system does not operate correctly.

6.1 Status Indications and Error Reporting

Assuming they are easily accessible and visible, Operation LEDs can give a good indication of the microinverters' status.

6.1.1 Start up LED

Ten short green blinks when DC power is first applied to the Microinverter indicate a successful Microinverter startup.

6.1.2 Operation LED

• Flashing Slow Green (5 sec. gap): Producing power and communicating with ECU.
• Flashing Slow Red (5 sec. gap): Not producing power.
• Flashing Fast Green (2 sec. gap): Not communicating with ECU over 60 mins, but still producing power.
• Flashing Fast Red (2 sec. gap): Not communicating with ECU over 60 mins and not producing power.
• Steady Red: Default; DC side ground fault protection. See 6.1.3.

6.1.3 GFDI Error

A solid red LED indicates the Microinverter has detected a Ground Fault Detector Interrupter (GFDI) error in the PV system. Unless the GFDI error has been cleared, the LED will remain red, and the ECU will keep reporting the fault. Please contact your local APsystems Technical Support.

6.2 ECU_APP

APsystems ECU_APP (available in the EMA Manager APP) is the recommended tool for on-site troubleshooting. When connecting the ECU_APP to the ECU hotspot (please check ECU User Manual for more detailed information), installers can check microinverter status (production, communication), ZigBee signal strength, grid profile, and other insightful data to aid troubleshooting.

6.3 Installer EMA (web portal or EMA Manager APP)

Before going on site for troubleshooting, installers can also check all information remotely using their installer account, either on the web or via the EMA Manager APP (see EMA Manager APP User Manual for more detailed information). Access to module data (DC, AC, voltages, and currents) provides the first indication of potential issues.

6.4 Trouble Shooting Guide

Professional installers can also refer to the Troubleshooting Guide available at usa.apsystems.com/resources/library/ or canada.apsystems.com/resources/library/ (see Libraries section) for more in-depth guidelines on how to troubleshoot and fix PV installations powered by APsystems microinverters.

6.5 APsystems Technical Support

The APsystems local Technical Support team is available to assist professional installers in becoming familiar with products and troubleshooting installations when needed.

⚠️ WARNING

Do not attempt to repair APsystems Microinverters. Please contact your local APsystems Technical Support.

⚠️ WARNING

1. Never disconnect the DC wire connectors under load. Ensure that no current is flowing in the DC wires prior to disconnecting.
2. Always disconnect AC power before disconnecting the PV module wires from the APsystems Microinverter.
3. The APsystems Microinverter is powered by PV module DC power. AFTER disconnecting the DC power, when reconnecting the PV modules to the Microinverter, be sure to watch for the quick red light followed by ten short green LED flashes.

6.6 Maintenance

APsystems microinverters do not require any specific regular maintenance.

7. Replace a microinverter

Follow the procedure to replace a failed APsystems Microinverter:

A. Disconnect the APsystems Microinverter from the PV Module, in the order shown below:

1. Disconnect the AC by turning off the branch circuit breaker.
2. Disconnect the inverter AC connector from the AC Bus.
3. Disconnect the PV module DC wire connectors from the microinverter.
4. Remove the Microinverter from the PV array racking.

B. Install a replacement Microinverter to the rack. Remember to observe the flashing green LED light as soon as the new Microinverter is plugged into the DC cables.

C. Connect the AC cable of the replacement Microinverter to the AC bus.

D. Close the branch circuit breaker and verify proper operation of the replacement Microinverter.

E. Update the microinverter in the EMA Manager through the "Replace" function and update the system's map with new serial number labels.

8. Technical Data

⚠️ WARNING

1. Be sure to verify that the voltage and current specifications of your PV module are compatible with the range allowed on APsystems Microinverter. Please check the microinverter datasheet.
2. DC operating voltage range of the PV module must be within the allowable input voltage range of the APsystems Microinverter.
3. The maximum open circuit voltage of the PV module must not exceed the specified maximum input voltage of the APsystems.

Document Revision: 2023/08/08 REV1.9

8.1 DS3 series Microinverter Datasheet

⁽¹⁾ Nominal voltage/frequency range can be extended beyond nominal if required by the utility.
⁽²⁾ Limits may vary. Refer to local requirements to define the number of microinverters per branch in your area.
⁽³⁾ The inverter may enter power de-grade mode under poor ventilation and heat dissipation installation environment.
⁽⁴⁾ Recommend no more than 80 inverters register to one ECU for stable communication.
⁽⁵⁾ To be eligible for the warranty, APsystems microinverters need to be monitored via the EMA portal. Please refer to our warranty T&Cs available on usa.APsystems.com.

Specifications subject to change without notice; please ensure you are using the most recent update found at web: usa.APsystems.com.

9. Wiring Diagram

9.1 Sample Wiring Diagram - Split Phase

Diagram Description: This diagram illustrates a split-phase wiring configuration for a solar panel system using APsystems microinverters. It shows solar panels connected to microinverters, which are then linked via a bus cable. A bus cable end cap is installed at the end of the AC bus cable. The system includes an APsystems ECU (Energy Communication Unit). The AC bus cable connects to an AC junction box, which then connects to a distribution panel. The wiring from the AC junction box to the distribution panel is shown with conductors labeled BLACK-L1, RED-L2, and GREEN-PE.

9.2 DS3 Connected to High Leg Delta Grid

Diagram Description: This diagram illustrates the wiring of APsystems DS3 microinverters to a high leg delta grid. It shows multiple solar panels connected to microinverters. A branch end cap is installed on an open AC connector. The microinverters are connected via a bus cable. The system connects to an AC junction box, which then connects to a distribution panel. The wiring within the AC junction box shows connections for L1, L2, L3, N, and PE, with conductors labeled BLACK-L, RED-L, and GREEN-PE.

10. DS3 series Accessory

10.1 Dimensions

DS3 Dimensions:

• Width: 263mm
• Height: 218mm
• Depth: 41.2mm
• DC Connector Height: 8.4mm
• Overall Height (with connector): 303mm

DS3-L/DS3-S Dimensions:

• Width: 263mm
• Height: 218mm
• Depth: 42.5mm
• DC Connector Height: 8.4mm
• Overall Height (with connector): 303mm

Diagram Description: The diagrams provide detailed measurements for the DS3 and DS3-L/DS3-S microinverters, showing width, height, depth, and the height of the DC connectors.

10.2 Wiring Diagram

Diagram Description: This diagram illustrates the various accessories and connections for the DS3 series. It shows AC connectors (male and female), a Bus Cable Unlock Tool, a Bus Cable, a Bus Cable End Cap, DC Male and Female Connector Caps, an AC Branch Extension Cable, a Bus Cable Y-CONN Cap, and a DC Extension Cable. The connections show how microinverters are linked via bus cables and how they connect to the grid.

11. APsystems Microinverters Installation Map

The APsystems Installation Map is a diagram of the physical location of each microinverter in your PV installation. Each APsystems microinverter has two serial number labels. Peel one label and affix it to the respective location on the APsystems installation map.

Installation Map Template

The template includes fields for Installer, Owner, PV module type, Microinverter type, Quantity (Qty), Sheet number, and columns for mapping the physical location of each microinverter (Column 1 through Column 7) across multiple rows (Row 1 through Row 10).