Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Isikhokhelo soMsebenzisi weBreadboard
Ngaphezuluview
I-Arduino Uno yibhodi ye-microcontroller esekelwe kwi-ATmega328 (idatha yedatha). Ine-14 yedijithali yokufaka / izikhonkwane zemveliso (apho i-6 ingasetyenziswa njengeziphumo ze-PWM), i-analog inputs ye-6, i-crystal oscillator ye-16 MHz, uxhumano lwe-USB, i-jack yamandla, i-header ye-ICSP, kunye neqhosha lokusetha kwakhona. Iqulethe yonke into efunekayo ukuxhasa i-microcontroller; yiqhagamshele kwikhompyuter ngentambo ye-USB okanye uyinike amandla ngeadaptha ye-AC-to-DC okanye ibhetri ukuze uqalise. I-Uno yahlukile kuzo zonke iibhodi ezandulelayo kuba ayisebenzisi i-FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Endaweni yoko, ifaka i-Atmega8U2 ecwangciswe njenge-USB-to-serial converter. "Uno" uthetha enye ngesiTaliyane kwaye unikwe igama lokumakisha ukukhutshwa okuzayo kweArduino 1.0. I-Uno kunye nenguqulo ye-1.0 iya kuba yireferensi yeenguqulelo ze-Arduino, ukuya phambili. I-Uno iyona yamva nje kwiibhodi ze-USB Arduino, kunye nemodeli yereferensi yeqonga le-Arduino; uthelekiso kunye neenguqulelo zangaphambili, bona isalathiso seebhodi zeArduino.
Isishwankathelo
- I-Microcontroller ATmega328
- Umsebenzi weVoltagI-5V
- Igalelo Voltage (kucetyiswa) 7-12V
- Igalelo Voltage (imida) 6-20V
- Izikhonkwane zeDigital I/O 14 (apho i-6 ibonelela ngemveliso ye-PWM)
- Izikhonkwane zeInput yeAnalog 6
- DC Yangoku nge I/O Pin 40 mA
- I-DC yangoku ye-3.3V Pin 50 mA
- I-Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) apho i-0.5 KB isetyenziswa ngumlayishi
- I-SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
- I-EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
- Isantya seClock 16 MHz
Uyilo kunye noYilo lweReferensi
UKHOZI files: Arduino-uno-reference-design.zip
Isicwangciso: arduino-uno-schematic.pdf
Amandla
I-Arduino Uno inokunikwa amandla ngoqhagamshelo lwe-USB okanye ngonikezelo lwamandla lwangaphandle. Amandla omthombo akhethwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Amandla angaphandle (angeyo-USB) anokuvela nokuba kwi-adapter ye-AC-to-DC (wart-wart) okanye ibhetri. I-adaptha inokudityaniswa ngokuplaga iplagi eyi-2.1mm embindini-positive kwijekhi yamandla yebhodi. Ukhokelo olusuka kwibhetri lunokufakwa kwi-header ye-Gnd kunye ne-Vin ye-POWER connector. Ibhodi inokusebenza kwisibonelelo sangaphandle se-6 ukuya kwi-20 volts. Ukuba unikwe ngaphantsi kwe-7V, nangona kunjalo, i-pin ye-5V inokubonelela ngaphantsi kwee-volts ezintlanu kwaye ibhodi isenokungazinzi. Ukuba usebenzisa ngaphezu kwe-12V, i-voltagIsilawuli se-e sinokutshisa kakhulu kwaye sonakalise ibhodi. Uluhlu olucetyiswayo luyi-7 ukuya kwi-12 volts.
Izikhonkwane zombane zezi zilandelayo:
- VIN. Igalelo voltage kwibhodi yeArduino xa isebenzisa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle (ngokuchaseneyo ne-5 volts ukusuka kuqhagamshelwano lwe-USB okanye omnye umthombo wamandla olawulwayo). Ungabonelela voltage ngale pin, okanye, ukuba unikezela voltage ngejekhi yamandla, yifikelele ngale phini.
- 5V. Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okulawulwayo kusetyenziselwa ukunika amandla i-microcontroller kunye namanye amacandelo ebhodini. Oku kunokuvela kwi-VIN ngokusebenzisa umlawuli webhodi, okanye unikezwe nge-USB okanye enye i-5V elawulwayo yokubonelela.
- 3V3. Unikezelo lwe-3.3-volt luveliswa ngumlawuli we-onboard. Eyona nto iphezulu yokutsalwa ngoku yi-50 mA.
- GND. Izikhonkwane zomhlaba.
Inkumbulo
I-ATmega328 inama-32 KB (eno-0.5 KB esetyenziselwa isilayishi esiqalayo). Ikwanayo ne-2 KB ye-SRAM kunye ne-1 KB ye-EEPROM (enokufundwa kwaye ibhalwe nelayibrari ye-EEPROM).
Igalelo kunye nesiphumo
Nganye kwezikhonkwane ezili-14 zedijithali kwi-Uno zinokusetyenziswa njengegalelo okanye imveliso, kusetyenziswa i-pinMode (), digitalWrite (), kunye nedigitalRead () imisebenzi. Basebenza kwi-5 volts. Iphini nganye inokubonelela okanye ifumane ubuninzi be-40 mA kwaye ine-internal pull-up resistor (inqanyulwe ngokungagqibekanga) ye-20-50 kOhms. Ukongeza, ezinye izikhonkwane zine
imisebenzi eyodwa:
- Uthotho: 0 (RX) kunye ne-1 (TX). Isetyenziselwa ukufumana (RX) kunye nokuhambisa (TX) idatha ye-serial ye-TTL. Ezi zikhonkwane ziqhagamshelwe kwizikhonkwane ezihambelanayo ze-ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
- Iziphazamiso zangaphandle: 2 kunye ne-3. Ezi zikhonkwane zinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ukuba ziqalise ukuphazamiseka kwixabiso eliphantsi, ukunyuka okanye ukuhla, okanye utshintsho kwixabiso. Jonga i-attachInterrupt() umsebenzi weenkcukacha.
- I-PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, kunye ne-11. Nikeza i-8-bit yemveliso ye-PWM kunye nomsebenzi we-analogWrite ().
- SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). Ezi zikhonkwane zixhasa unxibelelwano lweSPI kusetyenziswa ithala leencwadi leSPI.
- I-LED: 13. Kukho i-LED eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi exhunywe kwi-digital pin 13. Xa ipini yexabiso eliphezulu, i-LED ivuliwe, xa ipini i-LOW, icinyiwe.
I-Uno ineengeniso ze-analog ezi-6, ezibhalwe ngu-A0 nge-A5, nganye ebonelela ngee-bits ze-10 zesisombululo (okt 1024 amaxabiso ahlukeneyo). Ngokungagqibekanga balinganisa ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwi-volts ezi-5, nangona kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha isiphelo esiphezulu soluhlu lwabo usebenzisa i-AREF pin kunye ne-analogReference () umsebenzi? Ukongeza, ezinye izikhonkwane zinemisebenzi ekhethekileyo:
- I2C: 4 (SDA) kunye ne-5 (SCL). Inkxaso yonxibelelwano lwe-I2C (TWI) kusetyenziswa ithala leencwadi locingo. Kukho ezinye izikhonkwane ebhodini:
- I-AREF. Ireferensi voltage ngamagalelo e-analog. Isetyenziswa nge-analogReference ().
- Lungisa kwakhona. Zisa lo mgca PHANTSI ukuseta kwakhona isilawuli-micro. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukongeza iqhosha lokusetha kwakhona kwizikhuselo ezithintela enye ebhodini.
- Jonga kwakhona imephu phakathi kwezikhonkwane zeArduino kunye namazibuko e-ATmega328?
Unxibelelwano
I-Arduino UNO inenani lezixhobo zokunxibelelana nekhompyutheni, enye i-Arduino, okanye ezinye ii-microcontrollers. I-ATmega328 ibonelela nge-UART TTL (5V) unxibelelwano lwe-serial, olufumaneka kwi-digital pins 0 (RX) kunye ne-1 (TX). I-ATmega8U2 ebhodini ihambisa olu nxibelelwano lwe-serial kwi-USB kwaye ibonakala njenge-virtual com port kwi-software ekhompyutheni. I-'8U2 firmware isebenzisa abaqhubi be-USB COM eqhelekileyo kwaye akukho mqhubi wangaphandle ofunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Windows, i-.inf file Iyafuneka. I-software ye-Arduino ibandakanya i-monitor ye-serial evumela ukuba idatha elula yombhalo ithunyelwe kwaye isuka kwibhodi ye-Arduino. I-RX kunye ne-TX LEDs ebhodini ziya kukhanya xa idatha ihanjiswa nge-chip ye-USB-to-serial kunye noqhagamshelo lwe-USB kwikhompyutheni (kodwa kungekhona unxibelelwano lwe-serial kwiikhonkwane ze-0 kunye ne-1). Ithala leencwadi leSoftwareSerial livumela unxibelelwano olulandelelanayo nakweziphi na izikhonkwane zedijithali ze-Uno. I-ATmega328 ikwaxhasa i-I2C (TWI) kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-SPI. Isoftware yeArduino ibandakanya ilayibrari yocingo ukwenza lula ukusetyenziswa kwebhasi ye-I2C; bona uxwebhu ngeenkcukacha. Kunxibelelwano lweSPI, sebenzisa ithala leencwadi leSPI.
Ukucwangcisa
IArduino Uno inokucwangciswa ngesoftware yeArduino (khutshelwa). Khetha "Arduino Uno ukusuka kwiZixhobo> Imenyu yeBhodi (ngokwe-microcontroller kwibhodi yakho). Ngeenkcukacha, jonga ireferensi kunye nezifundo. I-ATmega328 kwi-Arduino Uno iza kutshiswa kwangaphambili kunye ne-bootloader ekuvumela ukuba ulayishe ikhowudi entsha kuyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweprogram ye-hardware yangaphandle. Inxibelelana kusetyenziswa iprotocol yoqobo ye-STK500 (ireferensi, iheader C files). Ungaphinda ugqithe kwi-bootloader kwaye udwelise inkqubo yomlawuli omncinci nge ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) isihloko; bona le miyalelo ngeenkcukacha. Ikhowudi yomthombo we-firmware ye-ATmega8U2 iyafumaneka. I-ATmega8U2 ilayishwe nge-DFU bootloader, enokuthi isebenze ngokudibanisa i-solder jumper ngasemva kwebhodi (kufuphi nemephu yase-Italy) kwaye emva koko usete kwakhona i-8U2. Emva koko ungasebenzisa isoftware ye-Atmel's FLIP (Windows) okanye i-DFU programmer (iMac OS X kunye neLinux) ukulayisha i-firmware entsha. Okanye ungasebenzisa iheader ye ISP nomdwelisi wenkqubo wangaphandle (ubhala ngaphezulu i DFU bootloader). Bona esi sifundo sokufundisa esixhaswe ngumsebenzisi ngolwazi oluthe kratya.
Ukuseta kwakhona okuzenzekelayo (iSoftware)
Kunokuba ifune ukucofa iqhosha lokuseta kwakhona ngaphambi kokulayisha, iArduino Uno iyilwe ngendlela evumela ukuba isetyenziselwe isoftware esebenza kwikhompyuter eqhagamshelweyo. Enye yemigca yokulawula ukuhamba kwe-hardware (i-DTR) ye-ATmega8U2 ixhunywe kumgca wokusetha kwakhona we-ATmega328 nge-100 nano farad capacitor. Xa lo mgca uqinisekiswa (uthatyathwe phantsi), umgca wokusetha kwakhona wehla ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuseta kwakhona i-chip. Isoftware yeArduino isebenzisa obu buchule ukuvumela ukuba ulayishe ikhowudi ngokucofa nje iqhosha lokulayisha kwindawo yeArduino. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-bootloader ingaba nexesha elifutshane lokuphuma, njengoko ukuhliswa kwe-DTR kunokulungelelaniswa kakuhle kunye nokuqala kokulayisha.
Olu seto lunezinye iimpembelelo. Xa i-Uno iqhagamshelwe nokuba yikhompyuter esebenzisa iMac OS X okanye iLinux, iphinda imisele rhoqo xa uqhagamshelo lwenziwa kuyo kwisoftware (nge-USB). Kwisiqingatha sesibini esilandelayo okanye kunjalo, i-bootloader isebenza kwi-Uno. Ngelixa icwangcisiwe ukuba ingahoyi idatha engalunganga (okt nantoni na ngaphandle kokufakwa kwekhowudi entsha), iya kuthintela iibytes ezimbalwa zokuqala zedatha ethunyelwe ebhodini emva kokuba uqhagamshelwano luvuliwe. Ukuba umzobo osebenza ebhodini ufumana uqwalaselo lwexesha elinye okanye enye idatha xa iqala, qiniseka ukuba isoftware enxibelelana nayo ilinde okwesibini emva kokuvula uxhulumaniso nangaphambi kokuba uthumele le datha. I-Uno iqulethe umkhondo onokunqunyulwa ukukhubaza ukusetwa kwakhona ngokuzenzekelayo. Iipads ngapha nangapha komkhondo zinokuthengiswa kunye ukuze ziphinde zisebenze. Ibhalwe “RESET-EN”. Unako kwakhona ukukhubaza ukusetha kwakhona ngokuzenzekelayo ngokudibanisa i-110-ohm resistor ukusuka kwi-5V ukuya kumgca wokusetha kwakhona; bona le forum umsonto ngeenkcukacha.
Ukhuseleko lwangoku lwe-USB
I-Arduino Uno ine-poly fuse ekwazi ukusetwa kwakhona ekhusela izibuko ze-USB zekhompyuter yakho kwiibhulukhwe ezimfutshane kunye ne-overcurrent. Nangona uninzi lweekhompyuter zibonelela ngokhuseleko lwazo lwangaphakathi, i-fuse ibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo. Ukuba ngaphezu kwe-500 mA isetyenziswe kwi-port ye-USB, i-fuse iya kuqhawula ngokuzenzekelayo uxhulumaniso kude kube mfutshane okanye ukulayisha ngaphezulu kususwe.
Iimpawu zoMzimba
Ubude obuphezulu kunye nobubanzi be-Uno PCB yi-2.7 kunye ne-2.1 intshi ngokulandelelana, kunye ne-USB isinxibelelanisi kunye nejekhi yamandla idlulela ngaphaya komlinganiselo wangaphambili. Imingxunya emine ye-screw ivumela ibhodi ukuba ifakwe kumphezulu okanye i-case. Qaphela ukuba umgama phakathi kwezikhonkwane zedijithali u-7 kunye no-8 yi-160 mil (0.16″), hayi nokuphinda-phinda isithuba se-100 mil kwezinye izikhonkwane.
Arduino UNO Reference Design
Uyilo lweReferensi LUNIKEZELWA “NJENGOKO ZINJALO” KUNYE “NAZO ZONKE Iziphoso”. I-Arduino I-DISCLAIS ZONKE EZINYE IZIQINISEKISO, I-EXPRESS OKANYE INGXAKI, i-Arduino inokwenza utshintsho kwiinkcazo kunye neenkcazo zemveliso nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kwesaziso. UmThengi makangazithatheli ngqalelo IIMVELISO, KUBANDAKANYEKA KODWA AKUMDAWU, NAZIPHI NA IZIQINISEKISO EZIXHONYIWEYO ZOKURhweba OKANYE UKULUNGELA NGENJONGO ETHILE kuxhomekeke kukungabikho okanye iimpawu zazo naziphi na iimpawu okanye imiyalelo ephawulwe “ibekelwe” okanye “engachazwanga.” UArduino uzigcinele ezi nkcazo kwixesha elizayo kwaye akayi kuba noxanduva malunga neengxabano okanye ukungahambelani okuvela kwiinguqu ezizayo kubo. Ulwazi lwemveliso kwi Web Isiza okanye izinto eziphathekayo zinokutshintsha ngaphandle kwesaziso. Musa ukugqibezela uyilo ngolu lwazi.
Khuphela iPDF: Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Isikhokhelo soMsebenzisi weBreadboard
