Lethathamo la lintlha tsa EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z
UG-1926
Sistimi ea Nts'etsopele ea ADuCM420: Ho Qala Thuto
LIKAROLOANA
Sehokelo ka emulator ea mIDAS-Link
Likhetho tsa phepelo ea matla: 9 V lebota la wart adapter, 5 V block terminal ea phepelo ea kantle, kapa phepelo ea USB
Sistimi ea nts'etsopele ea ADuCM420 e thusa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea ADuCM420 ka bonyane ba likarolo tsa kantle.
NTSHETSOPELE TSAMAISO KIT
EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z boto ea tlhahlobo ea emulator ea mIDAS-Link
1 thapo ea USB
LITOKOMANE HLOKA
Lethathamo la lintlha tsa ADUCM420
ADuCM420 tataiso ea lisebelisoa
HLOKAHALA SOFTWARE
Sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420
MDIOWSD
Keil® μVision®5
Sesebelisoa sa IAR
IAR IDE software
TLHALOSO KAKARETSO
ADuCM420 ke sesebelisoa se kopantsoeng ka botlalo, se nang le sephutheloana se le seng se kenyelletsang lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso ea analog hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa dijithale. ADuCM420 e na le 12-bit, 2 MSPS ea ho fumanoa ha data ho fihla ho 16 input pins, Arm® Cortex®-M33 processor, 12 vol.tagli-converter tsa digital-to-analog (DACs), le 2 × 256 kB Flash/EE memoring, tse pakiloeng ka har'a sephutheloana sa 64-ball wafer level chip scale (WLCSP).
Sistimi ea nts'etsopele ea ADuCM420 (E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z) e phuthetsoe ka botlalo ho lekola likarolo tsohle tsa ADuCM420, microcontroller ea analog e nepahetseng haholo. ADuCM420 e kenyelletsa liteishene tse 12 tsa kantle tsa AINx, voltage output DACs (VDACs) le mesebetsi e fapakaneng e arolelanoang ka kakaretso-purpose input/outputs (GPIOs) tse lokisehang ka lirejisetara. Liteishene tsa VDAC li hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhahiso ho fihla ho 2.5 V kapa 3.3 V e felletseng. Boto ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z e sebelisa taolo e tlase ea lerata le tlase (LDO) ho matlafatsa sesebelisoa. ADuCM420 e matlafatsoa ho sebelisoa likhetho tse tharo tse latelang: adaptara ea lebota ea 9 V, block terminal ea phepelo ea kantle ea 5 V, le phepelo ea USB.
Tataiso ena ea mosebelisi e hlalosa mokhoa oa ho hlophisa boto ea tlhahlobo ea E VA L ADUCM420QSP1Z ka ho fana ka mehato ea mohato ka mohato mabapi le likhokahano libotong tsa tlhahlobo. Tataiso ena ea mosebelisi e boetse e na le leseli mabapi le hore na ke mefuta efe ea tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tsa mokha oa boraro tseo u ka li khoasollang. Ho feta moo, tataiso ena ea mosebelisi e fana ka litaelo tsa ho kenya khoutu e fanoeng examples. Sheba Setšoantšo sa 1 bakeng sa foto ea boto ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z. Ho latela tataiso ena ho lumella basebelisi ho iketsetsa le ho khoasolla khoutu ea bona ea mosebelisi ho e sebelisa litlhoko tsa bona tse ikhethang tsa sistimi. Litlhaloso tse felletseng tsa ADucM420 li fumaneha ho leqephe la lintlha la ADuCM420, le tlamehang ho buisanoa le tataiso ena ea mosebelisi ha ho sebelisoa boto ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z.
TS'ELISO TS'OANE
1/2021—Phetolelo ea 0: Phetolelo ea Pele
EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z PHOTOGRAPH 
UG-1926
LEBOTO HLAHLOBO MOSEBETSI
LITLHAKISO TSA MAHALA LE LIKHETHO TSA LINKI EA MATLA
Sistimi ea nts'etsopele ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z e ka tsamaisoa ka likhetho tse latelang: "terminal block" ea 5 V ho tloha lisebelisoa tsa benche, adaptara e kentsoeng leboteng la 9 V, kapa phepelo ea USB. Sheba Lethathamo la 1 bakeng sa litlhophiso tsa jumper tse ka holim'a board bakeng sa khetho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea phepelo ea motlakase le likhokahano tse ling tsa boikhethelo. Fumana
Pina 1 bakeng sa phini e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea hlooho bakeng sa phepelo. Bakeng sa khetho efe kapa efe ea phepelo ea motlakase, beha li-jumpers tse bontšitsoeng ho Lethathamo la 1 ho setupong se hlokahalang sa ts'ebetso pele u fana
matla ho EVA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z (sheba setšoantšo sa 2). Motlakase o mong le o mong o aroloa ho sefofane se loketseng sa fatše se nang le li-capacitor tse 10 µF le 0.1 µF. Pini e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea phepelo ea sesebelisoa e boetse e kopantsoe le para ea capacitor ea 10 µF le 0.1 µF sefofaneng se loketseng sa fatše.
Tlhaloso: EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z Board Interface
ADuCM420 e na le li-on-chip digital peripheral interfaces, tse kang "universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), serial peripheral interface (SPI), tsamaiso ea data input/output (MDIO), le I 2 C. Sheba Figure 1 bakeng sa ho- libaka tsa karolo ea boto.
Khetho ea Phepelo ea Matla a Bench
ADuCM420 e hloka 5 V bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng. Ho pheta sebopeho sa jumper ho Lethathamo la 1, phepelo ea li-terminal tsa 5 V e feta ho balaoli ba LDO ho laola phepelo ea motlakase. ADuCM420 e ka boela ea lokisa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa IOVDD1 le DVDD hore e be 1.2 V kapa 1.8 V, le 1.8 V kapa 3.3 V, ka ho latellana. Ho lokisa likhetho tsena tsa phepelo, khetha boemo bo hlokahalang ho Jumper P11 bakeng sa IOVDD1 le Jumper P15 bakeng sa DVDD. P11 le P15 li ka lehlakoreng la solder (lehlakoreng le ka tlase la boto ea tlhahlobo.
Lethathamo la 1. Litlhophiso tsa Jumper bakeng sa EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z
| Jumper No. | Taba ea boikhethelo | Tlhophiso ea Jumper | Bench Supply kapa 9 V Wall Wart |
| JP6 - Lisebelisoa tsa Theknoloji ea Bokamoso Phepelo ea Machaba (FTDI). |
Che | Khutšoane. | Ee |
| JP7 - USB | Ee | Khutšoane. | Ee |
| P11—IOVDD1 | Che | Pin 1 le Pin 2 = 1.8 V, Pin 2 le Pin 3 = 1.2 V. | Ee |
| P15—DVDD | Che | Pin 1 le Pin 2 = 3.3 V, Pin 2 le Pin 3 = 1.8 V. | Ee |
| P7—SIN1 Level Shifter | Ee | Pin 1 le Pin 2 = IOVDD0, Pin 2 le Pin 3 = IOVDD1. | Ee |
| P12—SOUT1 Level Shifter | Ee | Pin 1 le Pin 2 = IOVDD0, Pin 2 le Pin 3 = IOVDD1. | Ee |
| P14 - Pontšo ea LED | Ee | Khutšoane. | Ee |
| P5—IOVDD0 Pull-Up | Ee | Khutšoane. | Ee |
| JP1-SWCLK Hula-Holimo | Ee | JP3, JP4, le JP5 ke mekhoa ea boikhethelo ea ho hula. Mohanyetsi oa R14 (sheba setšoantšo sa 1) e tlameha ho tlatsoa ka boleng ba bonyane 100 kΩ ho sebelisa li-hullups tsena tseo u ka li khethang. | Ee |
| JP2- SWDIO Hula-Holimo | Ee | Khutšoane. | Ee |
| JP3—P2.2 kapa SWO Pull-Up | Ee | Khutšoane. | Ee |
| JP8 ho JP10 | Ee | Lithakhisa tsena li sebelisa chip ea FTDI e ka har'a board e ka sebelisoang ho downloader ea I 2 C. | Ee |
SEBELISA MODULE
ADUCM420 LE ARDUINO MATLA
Bareki ba kanna ba batla ho hokahanya lipotoloho tsa bona tsa tloaelo ho boto ea tlhahlobo ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z. Lihokelo tse hlano tsa boto ea tlhahlobo ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z li tšehetsa sebopeho sa khokahano sa Arduino® Uno kapa Arduino Zero ho li-PCB tsa kantle. Boto ea tlhahlobo ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z e ka matlafatsa boto ea kantle ea Arduino. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Arduino e boetse e khona ho matlafatsa mojule kaofela, ho kenyelletsa le ADuCM420. Letlapa la 2 le bonts'a likhokahano tsa jumper bakeng sa tlhophiso ea matla ea E VA L ADUCM420QSP1Z le Arduino.
Lethathamo la 2. Litlhophiso tsa Matla bakeng sa EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z (WLCSP)
| EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z | Taba ea boikhethelo | Litaba tsa Jumper | Tlhophiso ea Jumper |
| P20 | Ee | Khetho ea matla ka matla a USB kapa ka matla a Arduino | Pin 1 le Pin 2 = USB e tsamaisoa. Pin 2 le Pin 3 = Arduino e tsamaisoa. Se ke oa sebelisa matla a USB bakeng sa boto ea EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z haeba Arduino le boto ea tlhahlobo li sebelisana hammoho. |
| JP16 | Ee | Matla a tsoang ho Arduino ka boto ea EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z | Haeba jumper ena e khutsufalitsoe, EVAL- DUCM420QSP1Z le eona e matlafatsa Arduino. |
| JP11 1 | Ee | 3.3 V LDO tlhahiso | Khutšoane. |
| JP12 1 | Ee | 3.3 V matla ho Arduino IOREF pin | Khutšoane. |
| JP13 1 | Ee | ADuCM420 reset ho Arduino reset | Khutšoane. |
| JP14 1 | Ee | 3.3 V matla ho Arduino | Khutšoane. |
| JP15 | Ee | 5 V matla ho Arduino | Khutšoane. |
1.Lihokelo tsa JP11 ho ea ho JP15 li sebelisoa haeba Arduino e tsamaisoa ka boto ea EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z.
ARDUINO MOKHOPI
E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z e na le lihlooho tsa Arduino R3 tse lumellanang ka kotloloho le Arduino Uno le Arduino Zero. Lithakhisa tsa Arduino tse sebelisoang ke boto ea E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z li fanoe ho Lethathamo la 3.
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka liphini tsa ADuCM420, sheba leqephe la data la ADuCM420 le bukana ea litšupiso ea hardware ea ADuCM420 (UG-1807).
Ka linako tsohle, boto ea EVAL-ADuCM420QSP1Z e hlophisitsoe joalo ka boto ea makhoba ea Arduino, e nang le likhokahano tse nang le karolo ea karolo ea PCB feela.
Haeba boto ea EVAL-ADuCM420QSP1Z e tla hlophisoa joalo ka moamoheli oa Arduino, hlahisa mofuta o fapaneng oa sehokelo lehlakoreng la solder ka litataiso tse latelang:
- P16 le P19: 8-pin, lihlooho tsa mola o le mong, molumo oa 2.54 mm (bakeng sa mohlalaample, Samtec SSQ-108-03-GS)
- P21: 6-pin, hlooho ea mola o le mong, 2.54 mm pitch (bakeng sa mohlalaample, Samtec SSQ-106-03-GS)
- P13: 10-pin, lihlooho tsa mola o le mong, 2.54 mm pitch (bakeng sa mohlalaample, Samtec SSQ-110-03-GS)
Setšoantšo sa 3 se bontša mofuta o nepahetseng oa sehokelo. Bakeng sa khokahanyo e nepahetseng ea adaptara ea makhoba, etsa bonnete ba hore karolo ea mosali e ka lehlakoreng la solder 'me lithakhisa tse telele li hlahella ka lehlakoreng la karolo. 
Setšoantšo sa 3. Mofuta oa Connector bakeng sa Mong'a Arduino le Tlhophiso ea Adapter ea Lekhoba
Lethathamo la 3. EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z Lihokelo tsa Pin ho Arduino Pins
| Lithakhisa tsa Hlooho tsa R3 | Arduino Pin |
| Dijithale | |
| P13 | |
| P1.2/SCL1 | SCL |
| P1.3/SDA1 | SDA |
| AREF | AREF |
| DGND | GND |
| P0.0/SCLK0 | TS'ELISO |
| P0.1/MISO0 | MISO |
| P0.2/MOSI0 | MOSI |
| P2.0 | SS |
| P0.3/CS0 | GPIO |
| P2.1/IRQ2 | GPIO |
| P16 | |
| P1.0/SIN1 | RXD |
| P1.1/SOUT1 | TXD |
| P0.6/SCL2 | GPIO |
| P0.7/SDA2 | GPIO |
| P1.4/SCLK1 | GPIO |
| P1.5/MISO1 | GPIO |
| P1.6/MOSI1 | GPIO |
| P1.7/CS1 | GPIO |
| P18 | |
| P0.1/MISO0 | MISO |
| IOVDD0 | 3.3V |
| P0.0/SCLK0 | TS'ELISO |
| P0.2/MOSI0 | MOSI |
| RETS'ELISITSOE | RETS'ELISITSOE |
| DGND | GND |
| Matla | |
| P19 | |
| Matla a Arduino kapa ADuCM420 | 7V VIN |
| TS'OANANG | GND |
| TS'OANANG | GND |
| Matla a Arduino kapa ADuCM420 | 5V |
| Matla a Arduino kapa ADuCM420 | 3V3 |
| Arduino kapa ADuCM420 Reset | RETS'ELISITSOE |
| Matla a Arduino kapa ADuCM420 | IOREF |
| Ha ho Connect | Ha ho khokahano |
| Analoge | |
| P21 | |
| AIN0 | ADC5 |
| AIN1 | ADC4 |
| AIN2 | ADC3 |
| AIN3 | ADC2 |
| AIN4 | ADC1 |
| AIN14 | ADC0 |
REA QALA
MEKHOA EA HO KENYA SOFTWARE
Etsa mehato e latelang pele u hokela sesebelisoa leha e le sefe sa USB ho PC:
- Koala lits'ebetso tsohle tse bulehileng ho PC.
- Kamora ho khoasolla sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420 ho tsoa ho ftp://ftp.analog.com/pub/microconverter/ADuCM420, tobetsa habeli ADuCM420Installer-V0.1.0.0.exe 'me u latele
litaelo tse bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 4. Fesetere ea ADuCM420Installer Setup e bonts'a mokhoa oa ho kenya le khetho ea likarolo, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 4. Mosebelisi oa ho qetela.
tumellano ea laesense (EULA) e bonts'oa kamora ho tsoela pele ka fensetere ea ADuCM420Installer Setup. Ho amohela EULA ho ntša sekhesta, 'me ho hana EULA ho hlakola se kenyang.
- Kamora ho kenya, foldara ea \AnalogDevicesADuCM420 ea bula. Sebaka sena se na le mohlalaampfoldareng e nyane e bolokang example likhoutu tsa ADuCM420 (sheba setšoantšo sa 5).
KEIL μVISION5
Tikoloho e kopaneng ea ntlafatso ea Keil μVision5 (IDE) e kopanya lisebelisoa tsohle tse hlokahalang ho hlophisa, ho kopanya le ho lokisa khoutu. Mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho qala ho tsamaisa Keil IDE ke ho bula projeke e teng ka ho sebelisa mehato e latelang:
- Ho Keil, tobetsa Project> Open Project.
- Batla foldareng moo software ea ADuCM420 e kentsoeng (C:AnalogDevicesADuCM420…).
- Bula faele ea M420_GPIO.uvprojx file, e sebakeng sa ADuCM420\examptlase\M420_GPIO\ARM foldara. Ho bula file e qala example morero.
- Theha sephutheloana sa Cortex microcontroller software interface (CMSIS) pele u fetela mohloling. Sheba CMSIS Pack ho Keil μVision5 karolo ea
lintlha tse mabapi le mokhoa oa ho tlisa sephutheloana sa CMSIS. - Kopanya le ho khoasolla khoutu ea mohloli ho boto ea EVALADUCM420QSP1Z ka har'a bar ea menyu ho IDE.
- Ho tsamaisa khoutu ea mohloli, tobetsa RESET ho EVAL- ADUCM420QSP1Z boto, ebe o tobetsa RUN.
- Ha u sebelisa khoutu, LED e tala botong e tšoaile DISPLAY e benya.
CMSIS PACK KA KEIL μVISION5
Kamora hore Keil μVision5 IDE e kentsoe, bula sesebelisoa 'me u sebelise mehato e latelang ho theha sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420 hantle ho tsoa ho IDE:
- Bula mochine oa pakete oa CMSIS joalokaha ho bontšitsoe Setšoantšong sa 6. Ha mochine oa pakete o buloa ka lekhetlo la pele, ho ka nka metsotso e seng mekae ho ntlafatsa mochine oa pakete.
- Kamora hore sephutheloana sa pakete sa CMSIS se bule, tobetsa File > Ho reka kantle. Kgetha le ho tlisa sephutheloana sa ADuCM420 se kenyellelitsoeng ho seta sa ho instola (sheba Setšoantšo sa 7).
- Ka pakete ea ADuCM420 CMSIS e kentsoe, sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420 se tšehetsoa ke Keil μVision5 IDE. ADuCM420 e hlaha ho tabo ea Sesebelisoa ea fensetere ea Keil, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 8.
LIKHETHO TSA LAEBRARI LE MORERO OA ADUCM420 IN KEIL µVISION5
Morero oa Keil µVision5 files li behiloe foldareng ea Arm bakeng sa example lenaneo. Bakeng sa mohlalaample, C:\Analog Devices\ADuCM420\examples\M420_Adc\ARM\M420_Adc.uvporjx ke eona file seo se bulwa ke Keil. Ka ho tobetsa aekhone ea Laola RunTime Environment ho tsoa ho li-setting tsa Keil (sheba setšoantšo sa 9), basebelisi ba ka khetha likarolo tse hlokahalang ho Lilaebrari tsa Peripheral morerong oa bona, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Figure 11.
IAR IDE PROJECT LIHLOKO
E khothalletsoa hore basebelisi ba lekhetlo la pele ba bule example morero ho tsoa ho exampfoldareng. Mohlala, M420_ADC.eww file ke morero oa IAR Embedded Workb ench® file bakeng sa ADC example, 'me e ka buloa ho C:\Analog Devices\ADuCM420\exampfoldareng \ M420_Adc\IAR\.
Ho bula example file e lumella ho bokella, ho hlophisa, le ho lokisa liphoso ntle le liphetoho tsa tlhophiso ho tsoa ho mosebelisi.
Haeba o theha projeke e ncha e thehiloeng ho IAR, mehato e latelang e tlameha ho phethoa ho tsamaisa ADuCM420 example mananeo hantle:
- Ho tswa ho Project menu, khetha Options.
- Tobetsa Mokhahlelo oa Likhetho tse Akaretsang, 'me u netefatse hore sesebelisoa se khethiloeng ke Analog Devices ADuCM420 tlasa tabo ea Target.
- Kamora hore sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420 se khethoe, tlanya tab ea Tlhophiso ea Laeborari. Etsa bonnete ba hore litlhophiso tsohle li lumellana le tse bontšitsoeng setšoantšong sa 12.
- Ka mor'a moo, tlanya C/C++ Compiler, 'me u hlahlobe hore na li-directory li lumellana le tse bontšitsoeng lebokoseng la Li-directory (bona setšoantšo sa 13).
- E latelang, tobetsa sehlopha sa Linker, hlahloba lebokose la "Override default" ho Config tab, 'me u shebelle sehokelo. file tlas'a tlhophiso ea Linker file karolo, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong 14.
- Sheba li-setting tsa Debugger, 'me u netefatse hore litlhophiso tsohle li lumellana le tse bontšitsoeng ho Figure 15 le Figure 16 ho li-tab tsa Download le Setup.
- Sheba hore na li-setting tsa J-Link/J-Trace ho tab ea Setupo li tšoana le tse bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 17.
- Tobetsa OK, 'me mosebelisi a ka qala ho hlophisa example lenaneo la ADuCM420 ho IAR IDE.
MIDAS-LINK CONNECTOR—HO KHOPOTSOA THE HARDWARE
Sebelisa mehato e latelang ho hokahanya mIDAS-Link ho E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z:
- Hokela thapo ea USB e fanoeng pakeng tsa PC le sehokelo sa mIDAS-Link.
- LED e mosehla e khantša ho mIDAS-Link ho bontša hore ho na le khokahanyo ho E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z e qala.
- Kenya mokhanni bakeng sa ADuCM420. Lintlha tsa ho kenya mokhanni li kenyelelitsoe ho .exe file ho sehokelo sa ADuCM420.
Kamora ho hokela lisebelisoa tsa mIDAS-link ho E VA L ADUCM420QSP1Z, mIDAS-Link e ka sebelisoa ho Keil µVision5 le nts'etsopele ea IAR Embedded Workbench. Letlapa la 4 le bonts'a tlhophiso ea phini ea mIDAS-Link.
Letlapa la 4. MIDAS-Link Pin Labels
| Nomoro ea hlooho ea EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z | MIDAS-Link Pin Labels |
| 1, 2 | DVDD |
| 3, 11, 19 | NC |
| 4, 6, 8,10, 12, 14, 16, 18 | DGND |
| 5 | P1.0/SIN0 |
| 7 | SWDIO |
| 9 | SWCLK |
| 12 15 |
Khetho ea P2.2/SWO ka JP4 RETS'ELISITSOE |
| 17 | P1.1/SOUT1 |
HO HLAHLOBA MOKHOA OA MDIO DOWNLOAD
The MDIO downloader ka ntšitsoeng ho instola tse ka ftp://ftp.analog.com/pub/microconverter/ADuCM420 websebaka. Sebelisa sehatisi sa MDIO ka software ea MDIOWSD ho khoasolla hexadecimal files. Sebelisa adaptara ea USB ea SUB-20 e mengata (e sa kenyelelitsoeng) ho hokahanya EVA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z ho PC ka sesebelisoa sa software sa MDIOWSD. Karolo ea Sistimi ea Ts'ebetso ea Windows 10 e hlalosa mokhoa oa ho jarolla khoutu le example mananeo ho tloha ho sesebelisoa ho ea ho sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420 se sebelisa sebopeho sa MDIO.
Sistimi e sebetsang ea Windows 10
Kamora ho hokela adaptara ea USB ea SUB-20 multiple interface ho PC, adaptara ea USB e instola software e hlokahalang ea SUB-20. Ho netefatsa hore software e kenya hantle le ho hokela ho E VA L -ADUCM420QSP1Z, latela mehato ena:
- Tobetsa habeli SUB-20 firmware updater.exe file e kentsoeng ho PC ka mor'a hore adaptara ea SUB-20 e hoketsoe ho bula sebopeho sa graphical user interface (GUI) se bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 18.
- Bakeng sa Windows® 10, Setšoantšo sa 18 se ka buleha ka bohona ho nchafatsa adaptara ea SUB-20 ntle le ho tobetsa habeli SUB-20 firmware updater.exe. file. Tobetsa ea
Konopo ea ho ntlafatsa. Bakeng sa Windows 7 le liphetolelo tsa pejana, basebelisi ba kanna ba se hloke ho nchafatsa adaptara ea SUB-20. - Kamora hore adaptara e qete ho nchafatsa, hokela lithakhisa tse letlapeng la SUB-20 le liphini tse ho EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z joalo ka ha ho hlalositsoe ho Lethathamo la 5.
- Ho boto ea SUB-20, etsa bonnete ba hore Pin J7 e behiloe ho 3.3 V, Pin JP1 ho Pin JP4 le Pin JP5 e behiloe ho hokahanya Header Pin 1 ho Header Pin 2, 'me Pin JP6 e behiloe ho hokahanya Header Pin 2 ho Header Pin. 3.
- Hokela thapo ea USB ho tsoa ho PC ho ea botong ea SUB-20 'me u tsamaise C:\ADuCM420…\SoftwareToolsMDIOWSD\MDIOWSD.exe. Fesetere ea GUI ebe e bula, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 19.
- Tobetsa konopo ea Browse (sheba Setšoantšo sa 19), 'me u fetele ho khoutu eo u batlang ho e khoasolla.
- Ho khoasolla khoutu, khetha Lenaneo le Netefatsa ho tsoa lebokoseng la Flash Action, tobetsa Qala, 'me u latele litaelo tse thathamisitsoeng ho GUI.
Lethathamo la 5. SUB-20 ho ea ho EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z Pin
Tataiso ea Khokahano
| Lithakhisa tsa EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z ho P4 | SUB-20 Pins |
| DGND | J6-10 |
| 1.2V | J6-9 |
| MDIO | J6-7 |
| MCK | J6-1 |
Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le ho fetoha ha flash block le MDIO, sheba bukana ea litšupiso ea hardware ea ADuCM420 (UG-1807).
HO HLAHLOBA MOKHOA OA I 2 C DOWNLOAD Mokhoa oa ho khoasolla oa I 2 C o ka ntšoa ho setsing ftp://ftp.analog.com/pub/microconverter/ADuCM420 websebaka. Sebelisa sehatisi sa I 2 C ka software ea M12CFTWSD ho khoasolla hexadecimal files. Sebelisa chip ea FTDI e holim'a board ho hokahanya le sesebelisoa. Chip ea FTDI e lumella khokahanyo lipakeng tsa boto ea EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z le PC ka sesebelisoa sa software sa MI2CFTWSD. Ha downloader e ntšoa, latela mehato ena:
- Ho EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z, etsa bonnete ba hore JP7, JP8, JP9, le JP10 li khutsufalitsoe ho sebelisa chip ea FTDI e ka har'a board.
- Bula foldara ea MI2CFTWSD, 'me u tobetse habeli MI2CFTWSD.exe.
- GUI ea bula, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 20.
- Litlhophiso tse kang Mass Erase le Program li ka fumanoa ka ho tobetsa Configure, ebe Flash tab. Khetha Mass Erase kapa Program ha ho hlokahala, ebe o tobetsa OK.
- Holima boto ea EVAL-ADUCM420QSP1Z, tobetsa konopo ea SERIAL_DOWNLOAD 'me u tobetse konopo ea RESET ho seta sesebelisoa ka mokhoa oa ho khoasolla oa I 2 C. Tobetsa konopo ea Qala fensetereng ea MI2CFTWSD. Haeba ke 2
- C e thehiloe, boemo bo bonts'a ADuCM420 e hokahane, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 22
- Kamora hore khokahano ea I 2 C e thehoe. Tobetsa konopo ea Run 'me e khantša sesebelisoa ka bo eona ebe e hlakola kapa e khoasolla lenaneo, ho latela tlhophiso eo mosebelisi a e khethileng Mohatong oa 4. Setšoantšo sa 23 se bontša ex.ample ho hlakola boima bo felletseng ka sesebelisoa.
- Pheta Mohato oa 4 ho isa Mohato oa 7 ho khetha khetho e 'ngoe ho sesebelisoa sa software.
FLOATING-POINT UNIT E THUSA TSHEBETSO
Litlhophiso tse bonts'itsoeng ho "Project dropdown" (bona setšoantšo sa 24) lia fumaneha tikolohong ea lisebelisoa tsa Keil le IAR. Ka tsela e iketsang, floating-point unit (FPU) ea tima ka mor'a hore litlhophiso li holofatsoe. Khoutu ea ho nolofalletsa le ho hlahisa boleng ba ntlha e phaphametseng e eketsoa ts'ebetsong ea SystemInit ho system_ADuCM420.c file. Sena file e fumaneha ho example lenaneo ho foldareng ea ho kenya ADuCM420 e bitsoang M420_FPU (tlas'a Files lethathamo ho Setšoantšo sa 24).
Ho tsamaisa Lenaneo la IAR FPU
Etsa mehato e latelang pele u tsamaisa FPU example lenaneo ho software ea IAR IDE (e jarollotsoeng ho tsoa ho sehlomathisi se fanoeng sa IAR).
- Ka mor'a ho bula IAR IDE, tobetsa menu e theoha ea Project ebe u khetha Likhetho (sheba setšoantšo sa 24).
- Ho tsoa karolong ea Category, tobetsa Likhetho tse Akaretsang. Ebe o tobetsa konopo ea Target, 'me u netefatse hore lebokose la FPU le karolong ea "Floating point settings" le behiloe ho VFPv5 single.
ho nepahala, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 25.
- Kamora ho seta likhetho tsa li-setting tsa Floating point, tsamaisa FPU example lenaneo. Ho tsamaisa mokhoa oa ho lokisa bothata ho etsa hore karolo ea Output fensetereng ea Terminal I/O e bonts'e boleng ba likaroloana tsa mefuta-futa, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 27.
Ho tsamaisa Keil FPU Program
Etsa mehato e latelang pele u tsamaisa FPU example lenaneo le tsoang ho Keil IDE (e kenyellelitsoe ho sehokelo sa ADuCM420).
- Ka mor'a ho bula Keil IDE, tobetsa "Flash dropdown" menu, 'me u khethe khetho ea "Configure Flash Tools" (sheba setšoantšo sa 26).
- Ho khetha khetho ea Configure Flash Tools ho bula fensetere e bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 28. Tobetsa tab ea Target, 'me u netefatse hore lebokose la ho theoha ha Floating Point Hardware le behiloe ho khetho ea Single Precision, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 28.
- Kamora ho theha litlhophiso tse bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 28, tsamaisa FPU example khoutu ho tsoa ho C:\Analog Devices\ADuCM420\examptlase\M420_FPU sephutheli. Ka mokhoa oa ho lokisa liphoso, fensetere ea "Disassembly" e hlahisoang e bonts'a boleng ba likaroloana tsa mefuta e fapaneng, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 29.
LIEKETSENG SRAM MOKHOA
Litlhophiso tsa litlhophiso lia fumaneha tikolohong ea lisebelisoa tsa software tsa Keil le IAR. Ho theha le ho leka mekhoa ea memori ea phihlello e sa fetoheng (SRAM), e ea ho
example merero e fumanehang ka har'a sesebelisoa sa M420_SramMode.
IAR SRAM Mokhoa oa Boraro file litlhophiso li tlameha ho phethoa ho lokisa mokhoa o tsamaellanang oa SRAM: main.c, startup_ADuCM420.s, le ADuCM420flash_SramMode.icf.
- Ka mor'a exampLenaneo le buloa ho tsoa ho IAR IDE, etsa bonnete ba hore li-macros tse bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 30 li thehiloe 'me li fana ka maikutlo ho khetha mokhoa oa SRAM sehokelo. file e sebetsa ho. The M420_SramMode example khoutu (sheba Setšoantšo sa 31) e sebelisa sehokelo file, ADuCM420flash_ SramMode.icf file (sheba Setšoantšo sa 32) se behiloeng foldareng ea IAR ka har'a SramMode example lenaneo.
- Lokisa li-macros tse bontšitsoeng ho Figure 30, Figure 31, le Figure 32 ho tsamaisa mekhoa ea SRAM. Netefatsa hore main.c, startup_ADuCM420.s, le
Li-macro tsa ADuCM420flash_SramMode.icf li khethoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa SRAM. - Basebelisi ba ka khetha USER_SRAM_MODE macro e lakatsehang joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Figure 31 le Figure 32. Basebelisi ba ka khetha TEST_SRAM_MODE macro joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 30.ampLenaneo le sebetsa ka TEST_SRAM_ MODE 0. Netefatsa hore main.c macro, e tsamaisang mokhoa oa ho lokisa bothata, e bontša hore taelo ea SRAM (ISRAM) e behiloe mokhoeng oa ho lokisa bothata. Haeba ISRAM e le ka mokhoa oa ho lokisa liphoso, fensetere ea Disassembly e tsoa ho View Sebaka sa menu se bonts'a isramTestFunc e nang le aterese ea 0x10000000 (sheba setšoantšo sa 33).
Mokhoa oa Keil SRAM
Tse 'maloa .sct le .s files ho tsoa ho example lenaneo le lumella basebelisi ho khetha SRAM e lakatsehang: M420_SramModeX.sct le SetSramModeX.s. X ka har'a file Lebitso le bolela nomoro ea mode (0 ho isa ho 3) bakeng sa SRAM.
- Ka mor'a examplenaneo le buloa ho tsoa ho Keil IDE, the files tse fumanehang foldareng e ts'oanang lia bonts'oa. Netefatsa hore .sct le .s files ho tsoa ho example foldara (bona Setšoantšo sa 34) li sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa SRAM o lekoa.
- Ka kamehla, M420_SramMode macro e sebelisa SRAM Mode 0. Kopano ea SetSramMode0.s file e kenyelelitsoe ho subdirectory joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 35. Hlalosa hore na ke mokhoa ofe oa SRAM o lokelang ho lekoa ka sehloohong.c file. Ka kamehla, SRAM Mode 0 ea lekoa (sheba setšoantšo sa 36).
- Ka mor'a ho latela Mohato oa 1 le Mohato oa 2, tsoela pele ho theha .sct file e fumaneha ho Flash > Lokisa Fl ash To ols > Linker. Sheba Setšoantšo sa 37 ho hlahloba hore litlhophiso tse totobalitsoeng ka botala li nepahetse le hore li-scatter tse nepahetseng file e khethoa (e ipapisitse le tlhophiso ea mokhoa oa SRAM).
- Ho tsamaisa litlhophiso ho Setšoantšo sa 38 ho bonts'a hore ISRAM e behiloe ka mokhoa oa debug ka fensetere ea Disassembly.
LITLHAKISO TSA KHOUTU E SIRELETSENG / NTSHETSO-PELE
Lisebelisoa tsa nts'etsopele ea khoutu ea ADuCM420 le lisebelisoa tsa lenaneo li tšoana kapa li tšoana le tse sebelisoang ho lisebelisoa tse ling tsa Analog, Inc., lisebelisoa tsa microcontroller le li-microcontroller tse tsoang lik'hamphani tse ling. Tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkuoa ho netefatsa hore sesebelisoa se ka hlophisoa bocha ho qoba maemo a ho koala. Ha u notlela, khokahano ho ADuCM420 ka lisebelisoa tsa mananeo le debug ha e sa khonahala.
Karolo ena e thathamisa maemo a ka bakang maemo a ho koaloa. Haeba boemo ba lockup bo etsahala, litlhahiso li fanoa ho khutlisa sesebelisoa.
LIKETSAHALO TSE BAKANG HO TLOAHALA LISEBETSI
Leqephe la 0 Phoso ea Checksum
Aterese 0x1FFC e na le 32-bit checksum bakeng sa Flash Page 0.
On-chip kernel e etsa checksum leqepheng la 0 ntle le 0x1FFC ho 0x1FFF. Haeba sephetho sa kernel se sa tsamaisane le boleng ba 0x1FFC kapa 0x1FFC boleng e se 0xFFFFFFFF, kernel e bona bobolu ba Leqephe la 0 mme ha e tsoe ho khoutu ea mosebelisi, e leng se bakang ho notleloa ha sesebelisoa. Sheba bukana ea litšupiso ea hardware ea ADuCM420 (UG-1807) bakeng sa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le tlhahlobo ea bots'epehi ba Leqephe le ka hare la Flash ka kernel ea on-chip. Ho hlaphoheloa boemong bona, hlakola sesebelisoa ka sesebelisoa sa downloader (I
2 C kapa MDIO), 'me u netefatse hore khoutu ea mohloli oa mosebelisi e beha Aterese ea Flash 0x01FFC = 0xFFFFFFFF. Example khoutu ea ADuCM420 e hlophisa Aterese ea Flash 0x01FFC = 0xFFFFFFFF. Sheba leqephe0_checksum ho system_ADuCM420.c file.
Maqephe a Flash Flash-Bobolu ba Libaka tse Behiloeng
Libaka tse ka holimo ho tse tšeletseng tsa 32-bit tsa boloko bo bong le bo bong li bolokiloe, 'me ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ho se ke ha ngoloa libaka tsena. Signature ea flash bakeng sa boloko ka 'ngoe le litlhophiso tsa tšireletso ea mongolo li bolokiloe libakeng tsena tse tšeletseng. Sheba bukana ea litšupiso ea hardware ea ADuCM420 bakeng sa tlhahisoleseling mabapi le mokhatlo oa sebaka sa basebelisi ba flash.
Netefatsa hore sebaka se holimo sa 32-bit leqepheng le leng le le leng la flash se bolokiloe. Bona example mananeo a kenyelelitsoe ho installer bakeng sa lintlha. Li-Resets tse sa Lebelloang
Ho seta botjha ka nako e sa lebellwang, ho hlophiswa ha software, ho bulela matla, kapa ho seta kantle ho ka etsa hore mananeo a debug le mananeo a qetelle ka tshohanyetso hobane di-resets tsena di roba sehokelo sa serial wire debug (SWD) lipakeng tsa J-Link le Cortex core. Haeba khoutu ea mohloli oa mosebelisi e etsa hore ho behoe litlhophiso khafetsa, hlakola khanya ea mosebelisi ka sehatisi ebe u qala lenaneo la ho lokisa liphoso.
Mekhoa ea ho Boloka Matla
Haeba khoutu ea mosebedisi e beha motheo oa Cortex boemong ba ho theola matla, ho theoha ho baka mathata ka mor'a potoloho ea matla bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa tse sebelisang sebopeho sa SWD. Lisebelisoa tse kang J-Link li hloka hore Cortex ea mantlha e sebetse ka botlalo.
Keil CMSIS Pack
Bakeng sa basebelisi ba Keil µVision feela, etsa bonnete ba hore Keil CMSIS pack Version 0.8.0 kapa hamorao ea sebelisoa.
HO HLAHLOBA LITABA TSE KOPITSOANG KA MELA hlakola sesebelisoa ka sesebelisoa sa downloader sa MDIO kapa sa I 2 C.
THUTO EA LENANEO LA LOGIC ARRAY (PLA).
ADuCM420 e kopanya PLA e nang le li-block tse peli tse ikemetseng empa tse hokahaneng tsa PLA. Sebaka se seng le se seng se na le likarolo tse 16, tse fanang ka kakaretso ea likarolo tse 32, ho tloha
Element 0 ho Element 31. Sesebelisoa sa PLA ke sesebelisoa sa graphical se lumellang hore ho be bonolo ho hlophisa PLA. Sesebelisoa sa PLA se ka fumaneha ho sesebelisoa sa ADuCM420, tlasa foldara ea Lisebelisoa. Ka sesebelisoa sa PLA, boleng bo nepahetseng ba tlhahiso bo khethoa ka mor'a hore likhetho tsohle tse tsoang ho sesebelisoa li khethoe hantle.
HO HLOMELA LIKHOTI LE HO HLAHALA
Karolo ka 'ngoe ea PLA e na le tafole ea ho sheba lintho tse peli tse ka hlophisoang ho hlahisa ts'ebetso ea logic e thehiloeng ho tse peli tse kenang le flip flop ho PLA, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 39. Karolo ka 'ngoe ea PLA ka har'a boloko e ka kopanngoa le likarolo tse ling thibela e tšoanang ka ho hlophisa tlhahiso ea Mux 0 le Mux 1.
Mosebelisi a ka khetha lintho tse kenang tse lumellanang le li-bits tsa PLA_ELEMx. Bona bukana ea litšupiso ea hardware ea ADuCM420 bakeng sa lethathamo le felletseng la likhokahano tse ka bang teng bakeng sa karolo ea GPIO, le bakeng sa tlhophiso ea tafole ea ho sheba ho PLA.
Ka mor'a hore lintlha li khethoe ho tloha ho GUI, etsa bonnete ba hore likhetho tsa BLOCK, ELEMENT, le LOOK UP TABLE li khethiloe karolong e ka holimo e ka ho le letona ea sesebelisoa. Tobetsa konopo ea ENTER ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea PLA (sheba setšoantšo sa 39). 
C e bolela protocol ea puisano e qapiloeng ke Philips Semiconductors (eo hona joale e leng NXP Semiconductors).
Tlhokomeliso ea ESD
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa. Lisebelisoa tse lefshoang le liboto tsa potoloho li ka tsoa ntle le ho lemoha. Leha sehlahiswa sena se na le dipalo tse nang le tokelo ya molao kapa tsa tshireletso, tshenyo e ka nna ya hlaha ho disebediswa tse nang le matla a phahameng a ESD. Ka hona, mehato e nepahetseng ea ESD e lokela ho nkuoa ho qoba ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso kapa tahlehelo ea ts'ebetso.
Melao le Maemo a Molao Ka ho sebelisa boto ea tlhahlobo e tšohliloeng mona (hammoho le lisebelisoa life kapa life, litokomane tsa likarolo kapa lisebelisoa tsa ts'ehetso, "Boto ea Tlhahlobo"), o lumela ho tlangoa ke lipehelo le lipehelo tse boletsoeng ka tlase ("Tumellano") ntle le haeba u rekile Boto ea Tlhahlobo, moo Melao le Maemo a Thekiso a Thekiso a Analog a tla laola. Se ke oa sebelisa Boto ea Tlhahlobo ho fihlela u balile le ho lumellana le Tumellano. Tšebeliso ea hau ea Boto ea Tlhahlobo e tla bontša ho amohela Tumellano ea hau. Tumellano ena e entsoe ke uena (“Customer”) le Analog Devices, Inc. ("ADI"), e nang le sebaka sa eona sa mantlha sa khoebo ho One Technology Way, Norwood, MA 02062, USA. Ho ipapisitsoe le lipehelo le lipehelo tsa Tumellano, ADI ka hona e fa Moreki laesense ea mahala, e lekanyelitsoeng, ea botho, ea nakoana, e sa khetheheng, e ke keng ea fetisetsoa, le e ke keng ea fetisetsoa ho sebelisa Boto ea Tlhahlobo BAKENG SA TŠEBELETSO FEELA. Moreki o utloisisa le ho lumela hore Boto ea Tekolo e fanoe ka sepheo se le seng le se ikhethileng se boletsoeng ka holimo, 'me e lumela ho se sebelise Boto ea Litlhahlobo molemong ofe kapa ofe. Ho feta moo, laesense e fanoeng e etsoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho ipapisitse le meeli e latelang: Moreki ha a na ho (i) hira, ho hirisa, ho hlahisa, ho rekisa, ho fetisa, ho abela, ho fana ka lengolo la tumello, kapa ho aba Boto ea Tlhahlobo; le (ii) ho dumella Mokga ofe kapa ofe wa Boraro ho fihlella Boto ya Tlhatlhobo. Joalo ka ha le sebelisitsoe mona, lentsoe "Mokha oa Boraro" le kenyelletsa mokhatlo ofe kapa ofe ntle le ADI, Moreki, basebetsi ba bona, basebetsi le baeletsi ba ka tlung. Boto ea Tlhahlobo HA E rekisetsoe Moreki; litokelo tsohle tse sa fanoang ka ho hlaka mona, ho kenyeletsoa beng ba Boto ea Tlhahlobo, li bolokiloe ke ADI. TIISETSO. Tumellano ena le Boto ea Tlhahlobo kaofela li tla nkoa e le litaba tsa lekunutu le tsa botho tsa ADI. Moreki a ka se senole kapa a fetisetsa karolo efe kapa efe ea Boto ea Tekolo ho motho ofe kapa ofe ka lebaka lefe kapa lefe. Ha ho khaotsoe ho sebelisa Boto ea Tlhahlobo kapa Tumellano ena e felisitsoe, Moreki o lumela ho khutlisetsa Boto ea Tlhahlobo ho ADI hang-hang. KEKELETSO LITHIBELO. Moreki ha a lokela ho qhaqholla, ho qhaqholla kapa ho kgutlisetsa morao ditjhepisi tsa moenjinere ho Boto ya Tekolo. Moreki o tla tsebisa ADI ka tšenyo leha e le efe e etsahetseng kapa liphetoho leha e le life kapa liphetoho tseo e li etsang ho Boto ea Tlhahlobo, ho kenyeletsoa empa e sa felle feela ka ho rekisa kapa ntho leha e le efe e amang litaba tsa Boto ea Tlhahlobo. Litokiso ho Boto ea Litlhahlobo li tlameha ho ikamahanya le molao o sebetsang, ho kenyeletsoa empa eseng feela ho RoHS Directive. PHEELLO. ADI e ka emisa Tumellano ena ka nako efe kapa efe ha e fana ka tsebiso e ngotsoeng ho Moreki. Moreki o lumela ho khutlela ho ADI Boto ea Tlhahlobo ka nako eo. MOELI MOLIMELO. LEBOTO LA HO HLAHLOBA LE FUMANETSOENG MONA KATLASE LE FUMANA “JOALOKAHA LE TENG” MME ADI HA E ETSE LITIISETSO KAPA LITEMELO TSA MOFUTA OFE KA HLOKO HO LONA. ADI HAHOLO E HLOKOMELA LITEMELETSO, LITUMELO, LITIISETSO, KAPA LITIISETSO, TSE BONANG KAPA TSE FIHLENG, TSE Amanang le LEBOTO LA TLHOKOMELISO, EMPA HA LI TLALETSOE, TIISETSO E FUMANEHILENG EA MERCHANTABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY, HO SA NYATSOE LITOKELO TSA LERUTO LA MAHLALE. HA HO TSAMAYA ADI LE BA LASESESENSE BA YONA BA TLA BA MOIKARATO OA KETSAHALO EFE KAPA EFE, E KHETHEHILENG, E TSAMAEA, KAPA E TLA LATELANG HO HLAHALA KA THOO EA MOREEKI KAPA TŠEBELISO EA LEBOTO LA TLHOKOMELISO, HO kenyeletsoa EMPA E SA LEKELETSO EA LITEFELETSO TSA TAHLEHELO, LITEFO. THABELO MOLEMO. MOLATO OA KAOFELA OA ADI HO TSOA MANG KAPA MANG LE LIBAKA TSOHLE E TLA LEKELISOA HO BOLELLO EA LIKERERA TSE LE LEKOELENG ($100.00). THEKISO. Moreki o dumela hore e ka se romele Boto ya Ditekolo ka kotloloho kapa ka tsela e sa tobang naheng e nngwe, le hore e tla ikamahanya le melao le melawana e sebetsang ya United States e amanang le thomelontle. TS'ELISO MOLAO. Tumellano ena e tla laoloa le ho hlalosoa ho ea ka melao ea motheo ea Commonwealth ea Massachusetts (ho sa kenyelelitsoe likhohlano tsa melao ea molao). Mehato efe kapa efe ea molao mabapi le Tumellano ena e tla mameloa makhotleng a mmuso kapa a mmuso a nang le matla a ho laela Suffolk County, Massachusetts, 'me Moreki o ipeha tlas'a bolaoli le sebaka sa makhotla a joalo.
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Litokomane / Lisebelisoa
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LITŠOANTŠISO TSA ANALOG ADuCM420 Sistimi ea Nts'etsopele [pdf] Bukana ea Mosebelisi ADuCM420, ADuCM420 Sistimi ea Nts'etsopele, Sistimi ea Ntlafatso |
