SNA6000A Series Vector Network Analyzer
“
Product Information
Specifications
- Product Name: SNA6000A Series Vector Network Analyzer
- Model Number: EN02A
- General Description: A high-performance vector network analyzer
for analyzing RF components and circuits - Features:
- Precise measurements of S-parameters
- Wide frequency range coverage
- Intuitive user interface for easy operation
- Option for OCXO installation for enhanced stability
Product Usage Instructions
Safety Requirements
Before using the SNA6000A, please review the safety terms and
symbols as outlined in the user manual. Ensure the operating
environment meets the specified conditions, including cooling
requirements and proper AC power supply.
Quick Start Guide
- Dimensions: Check the dimensions provided in
the manual to ensure proper placement and spacing for the
analyzer. - Power Supply: Connect the AC power supply as
per the guidelines to power up the device. - Front Panel: Familiarize yourself with the
power switch and RF connectors on the front panel for easy access
during operation.- Power Switch: Use this switch to turn the
analyzer on/off. - RF Connectors: Connect your RF components to
these ports for analysis.
- Power Switch: Use this switch to turn the
- Rear and Side Panels: Explore the rear and
side panels for additional connectivity options and features. - OCXO Option Installation: If desired, follow
the installation guide provided to install the OCXO option for
improved stability. - User Interface: Navigate through the
user-friendly interface to start utilizing the features of the
analyzer.
FAQ
Q: How do I calibrate the SNA6000A?
A: Calibration instructions can be found in section 2.6 of the
user manual. Follow the step-by-step guide provided to ensure
accurate measurements.
Q: Can I clean the analyzer with regular cleaning agents?
A: Section 2.7 of the user manual specifies the cleaning
instructions. Use recommended cleaning methods and agents to
maintain the performance of the analyzer.
“`
SNA6000A Series Vector Network Analyzer
User Manual
EN02A
SNA6000A User Manual
Content
Content ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1 Copyright …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
2 Safety Requirement ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1
Safety terms and symbols ………………………………………………………………………….. 11
2.2
Operating environment ………………………………………………………………………………. 12
2.3
Cooling requirement ………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
2.4
AC power supply ………………………………………………………………………………………. 13
2.5
Power supply and grounding………………………………………………………………………. 13
2.6
Calibration………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
2.7
Cleaning…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
2.8
Exceptional conditions……………………………………………………………………………….. 14
3 Product Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
3.1
General Description…………………………………………………………………………………… 15
3.2
Features…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
4 User Manual Overview………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
5 Quick Start …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
5.1
Dimensions ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
5.2
Power supply ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
5.3
Front panel……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21
5.3.1 Power switch …………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
5.3.2 RF connectors …………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
5.4
Rear and side panels…………………………………………………………………………………. 26
5.5
OCXO option installation guide …………………………………………………………………… 29
5.6
User interface …………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
5.6.1 Active entry………………………………………………………………………………………………32
5.6.2 Value of marker ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 32
5.6.3 Trace State ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
5.6.4 Channel State………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
5.6.5 Hardkeys ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33
5.6.6 Function Keys………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
5.6.7 Label Page ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
5.6.8 Window State ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
5.6.9 Stimulus Range ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
5.6.10 Status Bar………………………………………………………………………………………………..34
5.6.11 Message Bar …………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
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5.6.12 Graffiti Function ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
5.6.13 Theme Management ………………………………………………………………………………… 38
5.7
Touch Screen……………………………………………………………………………………………. 42
5.8
Help Information ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
6 Set Up a Measurement …………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
6.1
Measurement Classes……………………………………………………………………………….. 43
6.2
Measurement parameters ………………………………………………………………………….. 44
6.2.1 S parameters……………………………………………………………………………………………44
6.2.2 Balanced Measurement ……………………………………………………………………………. 45
6.2.3 Receiver Measurement …………………………………………………………………………….. 53
6.2.4 Wave (Receivers notation) ………………………………………………………………………… 53
6.2.5 Ratio ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
6.3
Frequency range ………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
6.3.1 Set the frequency range ……………………………………………………………………………. 55
6.3.2 CW time sweep or power sweep………………………………………………………………… 56
6.3.3 Frequency resolution…………………………………………………………………………………57
6.4
Power level ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
6.4.1 Coupled port power ………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
6.4.2 Power Leveling and Offsets overview …………………………………………………………. 58
6.4.3 Power Offsets and Limits setting…………………………………………………………………58
6.5
Sweep ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
6.5.1 Points …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
6.5.2 Sweep type………………………………………………………………………………………………60
6.6
Trigger……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
6.6.1 Trigger Settings ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 63
6.6.2 Trigger source …………………………………………………………………………………………. 64
6.6.3 Trigger Range …………………………………………………………………………………………. 64
6.6.4 Channel Settings ……………………………………………………………………………………… 65
6.6.5 Trigger mode …………………………………………………………………………………………… 65
6.6.6 External and auxiliary triggers ……………………………………………………………………. 67
6.7
Data format ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 70
6.7.1 Display format …………………………………………………………………………………………. 70
6.7.2 Cartesian coordinates display format…………………………………………………………..70
6.7.3 Polar coordinates …………………………………………………………………………………….. 72
6.7.4 Smith circle diagram………………………………………………………………………………….73
6.8
Scale ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 75
6.8.1 Scale/reference level and position ……………………………………………………………… 75
6.8.2 Scaling coupling ………………………………………………………………………………………. 76
6.8.3 Electrical delay ………………………………………………………………………………………… 78
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6.8.4 Amplitude offset and amplitude slope …………………………………………………………. 78
6.8.5 Phase deviation………………………………………………………………………………………..79
6.8.6 Divisions …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 79
6.8.7 Scale type………………………………………………………………………………………………..80
6.9
Avg BW ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 80
6.9.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
6.9.2 Averaging ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81
6.9.3 IF Bandwidth …………………………………………………………………………………………… 81
6.9.4 Smoothing ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83
6.10 Preset instructions …………………………………………………………………………………….. 83
7 Measurement Calibration ……………………………………………………………………………………… 86
7.1
Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 86
7.2
Calibration type…………………………………………………………………………………………. 87
7.3
Checking Calibration Status ……………………………………………………………………….. 90
7.3.1 Execution Status of Error Correction for Each Channel ………………………………… 90
7.3.2 Execution Status of Error Correction for Each Trace …………………………………….. 92
7.3.3 Acquisition Status of Calibration Coefficient for Each Channel ………………………. 92
7.3.4 Procedure to turn on/off calibration property display …………………………………….. 93
7.4
Basic Cal………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 94
7.4.1 Open Response Calibration ………………………………………………………………………. 96
7.4.2 Short circuit response calibration ……………………………………………………………….. 97
7.4.3 Full 1 port OSL calibration………………………………………………………………………….98
7.4.4 Transmission response calibration (two ports) …………………………………………….. 99
7.4.5 Enhanced response calibration (two ports)…………………………………………………100
7.4.6 SOLT calibration (two ports)……………………………………………………………………..100
7.4.7 SOLR unknown through calibration (two ports) ………………………………………….. 102
7.4.8 TRL Direct Reflection Transmission Line Calibration (Two Ports) …………………. 102
7.4.9 Partial Overwrite calibration …………………………………………………………………….. 103
7.5
Cal Kit management ………………………………………………………………………………… 104
7.5.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 104
7.5.2 Connector Tab ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 105
7.5.3 Standards Tab ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 107
7.5.4 SOLT Tab……………………………………………………………………………………………….109
7.5.5 TRL Tab ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 110
7.5.6 Create a custom Cal Kit ………………………………………………………………………….. 113
7.6
Power Cal ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 117
7.6.1 Internal source power calibration ……………………………………………………………… 117
7.6.2 Receiver calibration………………………………………………………………………………… 118
7.7
Port extension…………………………………………………………………………………………. 119
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7.7.1 Manual port extension …………………………………………………………………………….. 120
7.7.2 Automatic port extension………………………………………………………………………….122
7.8
Fixture measurement function…………………………………………………………………… 123
7.8.1 Port match …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 123
7.8.2 Port impedance conversion………………………………………………………………………124
7.8.3 2-port de-embed……………………………………………………………………………………..125
7.8.4 N-port embedding / de-embedding …………………………………………………………… 126
7.8.5 Differential port match …………………………………………………………………………….. 127
7.8.6 Differential and common port impedance conversion ………………………………….. 128
7.9
Adapter removal / insertion function…………………………………………………………… 128
7.9.1 Adapter removal …………………………………………………………………………………….. 129
7.9.2 Adapter insertion ……………………………………………………………………………………. 130
7.10 Ecal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 130
7.10.1 ECal Overview……………………………………………………………………………………….. 130
7.10.2 ECal Config …………………………………………………………………………………………… 131
7.10.3 Confidence Check ………………………………………………………………………………….. 132
7.10.4 Orientation……………………………………………………………………………………………..133
7.10.5 Characterization …………………………………………………………………………………….. 134
8 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 136
8.1
Marker……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 136
8.1.1 Ordinary marker: ……………………………………………………………………………………. 136
8.1.2 Reference marker: …………………………………………………………………………………. 136
8.1.3 Marker setting:……………………………………………………………………………………….. 136
8.1.4 Marker Display ………………………………………………………………………………………. 139
8.1.5 Marker function………………………………………………………………………………………. 139
8.2
Marker search function …………………………………………………………………………….. 140
8.2.1 Search domain ………………………………………………………………………………………. 140
8.2.2 Max and min search ……………………………………………………………………………….. 141
8.2.3 Peak search ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 141
8.2.4 Target search…………………………………………………………………………………………. 142
8.2.5 Multi-peak search …………………………………………………………………………………… 143
8.2.6 Multi-target search …………………………………………………………………………………. 143
8.2.7 Tracking search ……………………………………………………………………………………… 143
8.2.8 Bandwidth search……………………………………………………………………………………144
8.2.9 Notch search …………………………………………………………………………………………. 144
8.3
Mathematical operation ……………………………………………………………………………. 145
8.4
Conversion……………………………………………………………………………………………… 146
8.5
Equation editor ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 148
8.6
Trace statistics………………………………………………………………………………………… 157
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8.7
Limit test ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 157
8.8
Point Limit test ………………………………………………………………………………………… 160
8.9
Ripple limit test ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 162
8.10 Bandwidth limit test………………………………………………………………………………….. 164
8.11 Time domain …………………………………………………………………………………………… 165
8.11.1 Transform ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 165
8.11.2 Gating …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 167
8.11.3 Window………………………………………………………………………………………………….169
8.11.4 Coupling ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 171
8.11.5 Marker ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 172
8.11.6 Advance ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 173
9 Save and Recall………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 175
10 Guide For the TDR Option…………………………………………………………………………………… 178
10.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 178 10.2 Open/Close/Preset TDR Option ………………………………………………………………… 179 10.3 TDR Setup Wizard…………………………………………………………………………………… 180 10.4 Calibration for TDR Option ……………………………………………………………………….. 181
10.4.1 Deskew………………………………………………………………………………………………….181 10.4.2 Deskew & Loss Compensation ………………………………………………………………… 182 10.5 TDR Channel Setup ………………………………………………………………………………… 183 10.5.1 DUT Topology…………………………………………………………………………………………184 10.5.2 DUT Length …………………………………………………………………………………………… 184 10.5.3 Stimulus Magnitude in Time Domain ………………………………………………………… 185 10.5.4 Port Impedance ……………………………………………………………………………………… 185 10.5.5 Velocity Factor & Dielectric Constant ………………………………………………………… 186 10.5.6 Power Level…………………………………………………………………………………………… 186 10.5.7 Average ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 186 10.5.8 IF Bandwidth …………………………………………………………………………………………. 187 10.5.9 Trigger Mode …………………………………………………………………………………………. 187 10.6 TDR Trace Setup …………………………………………………………………………………….. 187 10.6.1 Select a Trace ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 187 10.6.2 Scale Management ………………………………………………………………………………… 188 10.6.3 Memory Trace Management ……………………………………………………………………. 189 10.6.4 Measure Parameter & Format…………………………………………………………………..189 10.6.5 Stimulus in Time Domain ………………………………………………………………………… 190 10.6.6 Smoothing …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 191 10.6.7 Trace Allocation ……………………………………………………………………………………… 191 10.6.8 Trace Setup Coupling………………………………………………………………………………192
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10.6.9 Time Domain Gating ………………………………………………………………………………. 192 10.6.10 DC Value ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 193 10.7 TDR Data Analysis & Output …………………………………………………………………….. 193 10.7.1 Marker Setup………………………………………………………………………………………….194 10.7.2 Rise Time Search …………………………………………………………………………………… 194 10.7.3 Delta Time Search…………………………………………………………………………………..194 10.7.4 Peeling …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 195 10.7.5 File & Data Output…………………………………………………………………………………..195 10.8 Eye Diagram Simulation …………………………………………………………………………… 196 10.8.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 196 10.8.2 Stimulus Bit Pattern…………………………………………………………………………………196 10.8.3 Stimulus Signal Setup …………………………………………………………………………….. 198 10.8.4 Eye Diagram Analysis …………………………………………………………………………….. 199 10.8.5 Eye Diagram Scale Management …………………………………………………………….. 199 10.8.6 Mask Test for Eye Diagram ……………………………………………………………………… 200 10.8.7 Jitter & Statistical Eye Diagram ………………………………………………………………… 200 10.9 TDR Advanced Waveform Function …………………………………………………………… 202 10.9.1 View point ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 202 10.9.2 Emphasis/De-emphasis ………………………………………………………………………….. 202 10.9.3 De-embedding………………………………………………………………………………………..203 10.9.4 Equalization……………………………………………………………………………………………204 10.10 Hot TDR …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 206 10.10.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 206 10.10.2 Usage Guidelines …………………………………………………………………………………… 207 11 Guide For the SA Option …………………………………………………………………………………….. 209
11.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 209 11.2 User Interface …………………………………………………………………………………………. 209 11.3 Create a Spectrum Analysis Channel ………………………………………………………… 210 11.4 Spectrum Analyzer Settings ……………………………………………………………………… 211
11.4.1 SA Setting Tab ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 212 11.4.2 SA Tab Processing setup ………………………………………………………………………… 214 11.4.3 Source Tab ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 216 11.4.4 Advanced Tab…………………………………………………………………………………………218 11.4.5 Trace setup …………………………………………………………………………………………… 220 11.5 Spectrum Analysis measurement………………………………………………………………. 222 11.5.1 Marker SA………………………………………………………………………………………….222 11.5.2 Channel Power……………………………………………………………………………………….223 11.5.3 ACPR …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 225 11.5.4 Occupied BW ………………………………………………………………………………………… 227
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11.5.5 TOI……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 228 11.5.6 CNR………………………………………………………………………………………………………230 11.5.7 Spectrum Monitor …………………………………………………………………………………… 232 12 The Frequency Offset Mode………………………………………………………………………………… 234
12.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 234 12.2 Frequency Offset Mode ……………………………………………………………………………. 234
12.2.1 Frequency Offset settings ……………………………………………………………………….. 235 13 Scalar Mixer Measurements(SMM Option) …………………………………………………………… 239
13.1 Create an SMM measurement ………………………………………………………………….. 239 13.2 Configure the Scalar mixer setup ………………………………………………………………. 241
13.2.1 Sweep Tab-Mixer Measure Setup box ………………………………………………………. 242 13.2.2 Power Tab-Mixer Measure Setup box ……………………………………………………….. 243 13.2.3 Mixer Frequency Tab-Mixer Measure Setup box ………………………………………… 244 13.2.4 Mixer Setup Tab-Mixer Measure Setup box ……………………………………………….. 247 13.3 Do the Source Power Cal of the SMM mode (optional) ………………………………… 250 13.4 Do the Receiver Cal of the SMM mode (optional) ……………………………………….. 250 13.5 Do the SMM Calibration …………………………………………………………………………… 250 13.5.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 250 13.5.2 Procedure Using Mechanical Calibration Kit……………………………………………….251 13.5.3 Checking Calibration Status …………………………………………………………………….. 252 14 Pulse Measurement (PM Option)…………………………………………………………………………. 253
14.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 253 14.2 Pulse Measurement Settings ……………………………………………………………………. 254
14.2.1 Pulse Measurement ……………………………………………………………………………….. 254 14.2.2 Pulse Timing…………………………………………………………………………………………..254 14.2.3 Properties ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 255 14.2.4 Measurement Timing……………………………………………………………………………….255 14.3 RF&IF Path Gain dialog …………………………………………………………………………… 256 15 Material Measurement (MT Option)……………………………………………………………………… 258
15.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 258 15.2 Create a MT Measurement ………………………………………………………………………. 259 15.3 Configure the Material Measurement Setup ……………………………………………….. 260
15.3.1 Preset Tab …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 260 15.3.2 Measurement Model Tab………………………………………………………………………….263 15.3.3 Sample Holder Tab………………………………………………………………………………….264 15.3.4 Waveguide Gap Correction Tab ……………………………………………………………….. 265 15.4 Waveguide TRL Calibration………………………………………………………………………. 266 15.5 Sample Measurement ……………………………………………………………………………… 269
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15.5.1 Sample Installation …………………………………………………………………………………. 269 15.5.2 Sample Electromagnetic Parameter Measurement …………………………………….. 269 16 External Switch Matrices (SWM Option)………………………………………………………………. 273
16.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………… 273 16.2 External Matrix switches Introduction…………………………………………………………. 273
16.3 Matrix setup step …………………………………………………………………………………….. 274
16.3.1 Required equipment ……………………………………………………………………………….. 274 16.3.2 Establish the physical connection …………………………………………………………….. 274 16.3.3 Define the RF configuration …………………………………………………………………….. 276 16.3.4 Setting S Parameters ……………………………………………………………………………… 278 16.3.5 Calibrate and measure ……………………………………………………………………………. 279 17 System setting……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 280
17.1 System Configuration ………………………………………………………………………………. 281 17.1.1 Firmware upgrade ………………………………………………………………………………….. 281 17.1.2 File Browser ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 281 17.1.3 Date/Time setting …………………………………………………………………………………… 281 17.1.4 Screenshot setting …………………………………………………………………………………. 282 17.1.5 Screensaver ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 282 17.1.6 System language …………………………………………………………………………………… 282 17.1.7 Power …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 282
17.2 Communication interface setting ……………………………………………………………….. 283 17.2.1 LAN Status ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 283 17.2.2 mDNS Setting………………………………………………………………………………………… 283 17.2.3 LXI ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 283 17.2.4 VNC Setting…………………………………………………………………………………………… 284 17.2.5 Web Setting …………………………………………………………………………………………… 284 17.2.6 GPIB …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 284 17.2.7 External Device ……………………………………………………………………………………… 284
17.3 Preset ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 285 17.4 Factory Reset …………………………………………………………………………………………. 286 17.5 Help information ……………………………………………………………………………………… 286
17.5.1 Help and About……………………………………………………………………………………….286 17.5.2 Message Setting ……………………………………………………………………………………. 287 17.5.3 View Message ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 287 17.6 Buzzer……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 287 17.7 Self-Test…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 287 17.7.1 Key and touch screen test………………………………………………………………………..287 17.7.2 Performance test ……………………………………………………………………………………. 288
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17.8 Options ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 293 17.9 External Ports …………………………………………………………………………………………. 293 18 Service and Support …………………………………………………………………………………………… 294
18.1 Ordering and activating the options …………………………………………………………… 294 18.2 Warranty overview …………………………………………………………………………………… 295 18.3 Contact SIGLENT ……………………………………………………………………………………. 295
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SNA6000A User Manual
1 Copyright
SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD All Rights Reserved. SIGLENT is the registered trademark of SIGLENT TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Information in this publication replaces all previously corresponding material. SIGLENT reserves the right to modify or change parts of or all the specifications or pricing
policies at the company’s sole decision. Any method of copying, extracting, or translating the contents of this manual is not allowed
without the permission of SIGLENT.
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2 Safety Requirement
This section contains information and warnings that must be observed to keep the instrument operating under the corresponding safety conditions. In addition to the safety precautions specified in this section, you also have to follow common safe operating procedures.
2.1 Safety terms and symbols
When the following terms or symbols appear on the front panel, rear panel, or this manual, it indicates particular attention should be paid.
Indicates potential injuries or hazards that may happen.
Indicates electric shock that may happen.
Indicates measurement grounding
Indicates safety grounding. This is a start/standby switch. Press the switch, the VNA will switch between the working state and the standby state. The switch could not power off the device, to completely power off the VNA, the power cord must be removed from the AC socket. Indicates “AC”.
CAUTION Indicates potential damages to the instrument or other property that may happen.
WARNING Indicates potential injuries or hazards that may happen.
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2.2 Operating environment
Use in a clean and dry indoor environment with an ambient temperature range from 0°C to 40°C. Note: Direct sunlight, electric heaters, and other direct heat sources, should be considered when evaluating the ambient temperature.
WARNING: Do not operate the VNA in an explosive, dusty or humid environment.
This instrument meets the EN 61010-1 standard, and has the following restrictions: Installation (overvoltage) category: Class II (electric supply connector) and Class I (measure terminal) Pollution level: Class II Protection level: Class I
Note: Installation (overvoltage) category Class II indicates the local supply level is suitable for equipment connected to the AC power supply. Installation (overvoltage) category Class I indicates the signal levels suitable for terminals connected to the RF source. Pollution level Class II indicates it only occurs in a dry and non-conductive environment, sometimes we should consider the temporary conductivity caused by concentration. Protection level Class I indicates grounding equipment, it prevents electric shock by connecting the equipment to the ground wire.
CAUTION: Do not apply excessive pressure or strike the surface of the touch screen.
CAUTION: Do not exceed the maximum voltage marked on the front panel connectors.
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2.3 Cooling requirement
This instrument is cooled through a built-in fan. To keep adequate ventilation, a gap of at least 15 cm should be left on both sides, as well as the front and rear panels of the instrument.
CAUTION: Do not block the vents located along the side and real panel of the instrument.
CAUTION: Do not let any external objects enter the instrument through the vents.
2.4 AC power supply
The instrument accepts 100-240V, 50/60/400Hz AC power. The maximum power consumption is 90W with complete options. Note: The instrument can operate within the following input ranges:
Voltage range: Frequency range:
90 – 264 Vrms 47 – 63 Hz
90 – 132 Vrms 380 – 420 Hz
2.5 Power supply and grounding
The instrument has a three-terminal plug and an IEC320 (Type C13) standard connector for the input power and grounding connections. The grounding terminal on the socket is directly connected to the instrument shell. To prevent electric shock, the plug must be inserted into a well-grounded socket. Please use the power cord provided to connect the instrument to the power source.
WARNING: Danger of electric shock!
Disconnected or broken internal or external grounding wires will increase the risk of electric shock. It is strictly forbidden to destroy the protective grounding wire or safety grounding terminals.
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SNA6000A User Manual The location of the instrument should be convenient to access the power supply. To completely power off the instrument, the power cord should be removed from the power socket of the instrument. When the instrument is idle for long durations, it is recommended to unplug the power cord from the AC socket.
CAUTION: The RF connector’s shell on the front panel is connected to the instrument’s shell, and then connected to the earth ground.
2.6 Calibration
The recommended calibration cycle is one year. Calibration should only be performed by qualified personnel.
2.7 Cleaning
Only a soft damp cloth without any chemical/corrosive substances can be used to clean the instrument. Do not clean or use the product in wet environments. To avoid electric shock, unplug the power cord from the AC socket before cleaning.
WARNING: Danger of electric shock! Do not disassemble the instrument. Maintenance must be carried out by qualified personnel only.
2.8 Exceptional conditions
Use the instrument only for the purpose specified by the manufacturer. Do not use if the instrument has visible damage or has endured severe transportation vibration. If the device is suspected to be damaged, please disconnect the power cord and contact your local SIGLENT office. To operate the instrument correctly, all instructions and marks should be read carefully.
WARNING: Use of the instrument for purposes unspecified by the manufacturer may damage the instrument.
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3 Product Introduction
SNA6000A User Manual
3.1 General Description
The SNA6000A series of vector network analyzers includes the following models: SNA6022A, SNA6122A,SNA6024A,SNA6124A,SNA6032A,SNA6132A,SNA6034A,SNA6134A.That have a frequency range of 100kHz to 26.5GHz,which support 2/4-port scattering, differential, and timedomain parameter measurements. The SNA6000A series are ideal for determining the Q-factor, bandwidth, and insertion loss of a filter. They feature impedance conversion, movement of measurement plane, limit testing, ripple test, fixture simulation, and adapter removal / insertion adjustments. The VNAs have five sweep types: Linear-Frequency mode, Log-Frequency mode, Power-Sweep mode, CW-Time mode, and Segment-Sweep mode. They also support scatteringparameter correction of SOLT, SOLR, TRL, Response, and Enhanced Response for increased flexibility in R&D and manufacturing applications. The frequency range of each model is shown in the table below.
Model SNA6022A
Ports 2
Frequency range 100kHz-13.5GHz
SNA6122A
2Including front panel jumper interface
100kHz-13.5GHz
SNA6024A
4
100kHz-13.5GHz
SNA6124A
4Including front panel jumper interface
100kHz-13.5GHz
SNA6032A
2
100kHz-26.5GHz
SNA6132A
2Including front panel jumper interface
100kHz-26.5GHz
SNA6034A
4
100kHz-26.5GHz
SNA6134A
4Including front panel jumper interface
100kHz-26.5GHz
3.2 Features
Frequency range: 100 kHz-26.5GHz Ports: 2/4
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Frequency resolution: 1 Hz Level resolution: 0.05 dB Range of IFBW: 10 Hz-3 MHz Setting range of output level : -55 dBm ~ +10 dBm Dynamic range: 135 dB Trace noise: 0.003 dBrms, 0.05 rms Types of calibration:
Response calibration, Enhanced Response calibration, Full-one port calibration, Full-two port calibration, Full-three port calibration, Full-four port calibration, TRL calibration Types of measurement: Scattering-parameter Measurement, Differential-parameter Measurement, Receiver Measurement, Time-Domain parameter analysis, Limit test, Ripple test, Impedance conversion, Fixture simulation, Adapter Removal/Insertion, Spectrum Analysis, Frequency Offset, Scalar Mixer Measurement, Pulse Measurement. Optional Bias-Tees Interface: LAN, USB Device, USB Host (USB-GPIB) Remote control: SCPI / LabVIEW / IVI based on USB-TMC / VXI-11 / Socket / Telnet / Webserver. Touch control: Multi TouchMouseKeyboard 12.1-inch touch screen Video output: HDMI
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SNA6000A User Manual
4 User Manual Overview
Main Contents Chapter1. Copyright Chapter2. Safety Requirement Chapter3. Product Introduction
This chapter introduces the characteristic index and function of vector network analysis. Chapter4. User Manual Overview
This chapter introduces the chapters of the user manual. Chapter5. Quick Start
This chapter introduces the appearance and size of the vector network analyzer, the basic operation of the front and rear panels, user interface, buttons, and touch screen. Chapter6. Set Up a Measurement This chapter describes the measurement function, sweeping trigger setting, and other functions of the vector network analyzer, and introduces the functions under each menu in detail. Chapter7. Measurement Calibration This chapter introduces the different calibration methods of S parameters, power calibration methods, test fixture, and other functions of vector network analyzer in detail. Chapter8. Data Analysis This chapter introduces the mathematical analysis function, including time-domain analysis, windows, coupling, markers, and other functions. Chapter9. Save and Recall This chapter introduces the data save and recall processes. Chapter10. Guide For the TDR Option This chapter introduces how to use the TDR option. Chapter11. Guide For the SA Option This chapter introduces how to use the SA option. Chapter12. The Frequency Offset Mode This chapter introduces the function of SNA Sources tune to frequencies that are different (offset) from the VNA Receivers.
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Chapter13. Scalar Mixer Measurements(SMM Option) This chapter introduces how to do the Scalar Mixer Measurement.
Chapter14. Pulse Measurement(PM Option) This chapter introduces how to use pulse measurements to test some DUT that cannot be tested using continuous signals.
Chapter15. Material Measurement(MT Option) This chapter introduces how to measure a material.
Chapter16. External Switch Matrices (SWM Option) This chapter introduces how to use external matrix switch for multi-port expansion.
Chapter17. System setting This chapter provides information about the system settings.
Chapter18. Service and Support This chapter provides information about service and support.
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5 Quick Start
5.1 Dimensions
SNA6000A User Manual
Figure 5-1 Front view
Figure 5-2 Vertical view
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5.2 Power supply
The equipment accepts 100-240V, 50/60Hz AC power supplies. Please use the power cord provided to connect the instrument to the power source as shown in the figure below.
Figure 5-3 Power interface
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5.3 Front panel
SNA6000A User Manual
Figure 5-4 Front panel
Table 5-1 Front panel area description:
Number Items LCD
A Touchscreen
B
Instrument
Description
12.1 inch TFT color capacitive LCD touchscreen. Notes: Avoid touching the LCD touchscreen with sharp objects. The effective pixel ratio of the screen is more than 99.998%, so it doesn’t mean a fault when the screen has some black / blue / green / red fixed points less than 0.002%. Screen savers are not recommended. The LCD screen is unlikely to suffer from image burn-in.
Prev: Make the previous trace/channel/window active.
Next: Make the next trace/channel/window active.
Trace: Call up the “Trace” function key menu to manage traces.
Channel: Call up the “Channel” function key menu to manage channel.
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Meas: Set port S parameters, balance measurement, receive measurement, wave measurement, ratio measurement, and measurement mode.
Format: Set the display methods for measurement parameters, such as Log Mag, Lin Mag, Smith, Polar, SWR, Phase, and other display methods.
Marker: Set up markers for measuring parameters, making it easy to read the parameter measurement values at the specified frequency, and move the frequency at the cursor to the left, middle, and right of the screen, making the display results more intuitive.
C
Response
Math: Set measurement data to be stored in memory, perform
mathematical operations on current and historical data, and display
them. It can perform normalization operations on the data, perform
time-domain transformation analysis on measurement results, and
other functions.
Scale: Set the display scale for testing measurement amplitude
Cal: Calibrate the S parameters and power of the equipment.
Search: Capture the maximum and minimum values of test parameters, measure the Q value, bandwidth, etc. of the filter.
Avg BW: Average and smooth the test data, and set the intermediate frequency bandwidth of the receiver.
Start: Set the start frequency.
Stop: Set the stop frequency.
Freq: Set start,center,stop,span frequency, number of points, etc.
Power: Set the power level of the port’s transmission signal, output
D
Stimulus
on/off, etc.
Sweep: Set log frequency and linear frequency display methods, set number of points, sweep mode, sweep time, etc.
Trigger: Set internal and external trigger source, set ext trig output on/off, and set hold, single, continuous trigger,and other methods.
E
Utility
System: Set the IP address of the device, display the system date time, set the language, and turn on or off the buzzer. Equipment
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self test, etc.
Help: View help documents. Preset: Initialize the device and restore the settings changed during use. Display: Set the number of test windows and test traces.
Save Recall: Store the setting conditions in a storage device, or read the calibration data and trace data of the analyzer from the storage device.
Touch: The screen touch function is turned on and off.
0-9: Selects values for measurement settings, then press Enter or G/n – M/u – k/m to complete the selection.
decimal point: Enters a decimal point to designate fractions of a whole number.
+/-: Plus – Minus Toggles between a positive and negative value entry if it is the first key pressed in the entry.
T/p G/n M/u k/m: Completes the value selection, assigning
a unit of measurement.
T/p (Tera/piko) E12 or E-12
F
Numeric
G/n (Giga/Nano) E9 or E-9
M/u (Mega/micro) E6 or E-6
k/m (kilo/milli) E3 or E-3
Esc: Close dialog boxes
Back Space: Backspace. Move the cursor back and delete any previous selections.
Tab: Switch touch screen focus
Enter: Enters the values that you select for the measurement settings.
Up/Down buttons:
G
Navigation
1. When the focus is on the function key menu, press the up and
down arrow keys to select the function key (the selected menu
border is highlighted).
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2. When the focus is on the data input area (the data input field is displayed in blue), pressing the up and down arrow keys will increase or decrease the numerical values in the data input area in large steps.
Left/Right buttons: Move the cursor horizontally in the data input area
H
Knob
1. When the focus is on the function key menu (highlighted in blue on the menu border), turn the knob clockwise or counterclockwise to move the selection of the function key up and down.
2. When the focus is on the data input area (the data input field is displayed in blue), turning the knob clockwise or counterclockwise increases or decreases the numerical value in the data input area in small steps.
Includes four USB ports for data exchange and power supply with
I
USB Hub
peripherals. The total current of four USB ports is less than 2A.
J
Test Ports
Connect to the DUT for signal transmission and reception.
K
Power Switch Power on/off the equipment.
Support the stability analyzer. The screen divider can be adjusted
L
Support Foot appropriately for better operation and observation of the display
screen.
5.3.1 Power switch
Stand-by is indicated by a constant orange-colored power switch. A single button press will cause the light to turn white which indicates the instrument is operating. Continuous white indicates the instrument is operating. A short press of this button (one second) causes the light to turn orange which indicates the instrument is in the stand-by state after saving the settings. A long press of this button (three seconds) will cause the light to turn orange which indicates the instrument is in the stand-by state immediately without saving the settings.
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5.3.2 RF connectors
SNA6000A User Manual
Figure 5-5 Front panel RF connectors (2-port VNA)
Figure 5-6 Front panel RF connectors (2-port VNA, Including jumper interface)
Figure 5-7 Front panel RF connectors (4-port VNA)
Figure 5-8 Front panel RF connectors (4-port VNA, Including jumper interface)
The number of RF connectors is two or four, depending on the instrument configuration. The presence or absence of jumpers is determined by some specific measurement function
options included with the network analyzer. When an RF connector is transmitting an RF signal, the corresponding orange light above the RF
connector will be lit. Do not apply DC voltage or current to the test port, as applying DC voltage or current can cause
equipment failure, especially when the capacitor remains charged. After fully discharging the vector network analyzer, connect the equipment to be tested to the test port. The maximum DC input limit of the test port is 35V, and the maximum RF input power is 27dBm. Ensure that static electricity is completely discharged from the human body and device components when operating the equipment.
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5.4 Rear and side panels
Figure 5-9 Rear panel
Figure 5-10 Side panel
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Table 5-2 Rear and side panel area description:
Number Items
A
Power Input
Description
To connect the equipment to the power supply, a three pin power cord with a grounding conductor provided must be used. When it is necessary to cut off the power supply to avoid danger such as electric shock, the power cord plug (located at the power socket or device end of the cord) must be unplugged. For the steps to turn off the main power supply for normal use, please refer to the instructions on the power switch.
B
OCXO
By selecting an OCXO constant temperature crystal oscillator with higher temperature coefficient and accuracy, a source output signal with better performance can be obtained.
C
I/O data interface Used for transmitting data.
Contains 1 USB device port for data exchange with external
D
USB interface
devices.
network interface
Connect the vector network analyzer to the LAN through a network cable, so that external devices such as PCs can access this device for information exchange. This 10/100Base-T network interface has a standard 8-pin configuration and automatic selection between two data rates.
USB interface
Contains four USB 3.1 Gen 2 interfaceH310 USB 3.1 Gen1
For external display screens, 1x DVI-D: up to 1920×1200 @
E
DVI /DP interface 60Hz1x DP 1.2: up to 4096×2304 @ 60Hz.
COM interface HDMI interface Audio interface
The serial interface used to connect devices.
A terminal used to connect an external HDMI display device. By connecting the external display device to this terminal, the same information displayed on the host LCD touch screen can be displayed on an external color monitor.
Audio input and output, Mic input, Audio Output.
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SNA6000A User Manual TRIG IN
F
TRIG OUT
10MHz IN
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When the vector network analyzer uses the external trigger signal for triggering, ExtTrig will be displayed on the status bar at the bottom of the device screen. Input power level:
Low threshold voltage1.1 V
High threshold voltage2.5 V
Input level range0 to + 5 V
Pulse width: 2s
Polarity: Positive or negative
This connector is used to output the internal trigger signal generated by the vector network analyzer, so that it can be used for triggering by other testing devices. maximum output current: 20 mA Output power level:
Low level voltage0 V
High level voltage3.3 V
Pulse width: 1s
Polarity: Positive or negative
When a 10MHz external reference signal input is detected on this port, the signal will be used as a frequency reference for the vector network analyzer. The characteristic impedance of this port is 50 , the input frequency range is 10MHz ± 10ppm, and the input power range is -3dBm to+10dBm. Note: When a 10MHz external reference signal is input to this connector, the phase of the measurement signal output by the vector network analyzer will automatically lock to the reference signal. When the external input reference signal does not exist, the internal frequency reference signal of the vector network analyzer will be automatically used. When the phase of the signal transmitted by the system is locked to an external 10MHz
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SNA6000A User Manual
reference signal, the ExtRef on the status bar at the bottom of the device screen will be displayed in white. When it is not locked, a Ref Unlock message will be prompted.
10MHz OUT
This connector is used to output the internal 10MHz reference signal generated by the vector network analyzer, so that the reference signal can be used by other testing equipment. By connecting this connector to the external reference signal input connector of other devices, the phase of the signal emitted by the device can be locked onto the internal reference signal of the vector network analyzer, and can be used under this condition.
The characteristic impedance of this port is 50 , the output frequency range is 10MHz ± 5ppm, and the output power range is -3dBm to+3dBm.
It contains four BNC connector, and the external voltage source
is connected with this BNC connector, so that the DC voltage
can enter the test cable connected to the active equipment to
be tested such as amplifiers through this BNC connector, thus
G
DC bias input
completing the power supply drive of the equipment to be
tested.
Note: Do not apply a DC voltage exceeding 35V, the DC current must be less than the rated current of the fuse.
H
Fuse
DC biased protective fuse, maximum withstand current: 500 mA
I
Fan
A cooling fan used to control the internal temperature of the vector network analyzer, which can exhaust the hot air in the vector network analyzer and cool the equipment components.
J
Handle
Portable handle, convenient for equipment transportation and transfer.
5.5 OCXO option installation guide
1. After the vector network analyzer is powered off, use a screwdriver to remove the cover at the OCXO option located behind the vector network analyzer.
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SNA6000A User Manual 2. Insert the OCXO module into the slot of the entire machine and secure it to the rear housing with
screws. 3. The vector network analyzer is powered on and the OCXO option can be used normally.
Figure 5-11 OCXO option installation guide
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5.6 User interface
SNA6000A User Manual
Figure 5-12 User interface
A. Active Entry Adding, deleting, marking, and taking screenshots to mark readings and display information about marked points
B. Marker Readout Display information about marked points C. Trace Status Display the current trace status D. Soft Keys Touch screen buttons E. Soft tabs Display parameter format F. Window number View current window G. Stimulus Range Display the set incentive conditions H. Status Bar Display trigger mode I. Message Bar Display date and error message
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5.6.1 Active entry
Table 5-3 Active entry description: Functions Functions Description Recall the previous step.
Recovering the withdrawn operation. Add a measurement trace. Add a measurement trace in a new window Add a measurement channel in a new window. Add a marker. Delete active window or trace. Note: Keep at least one trace on the interface. Save status, calibration data, and snp files, etc Load status, calibration data, and snp files, etc Screenshot
5.6.2 Value of marker
Display the frequency and reading of the marker.
5.6.3 Trace State
A trace is a series of measured data points. Up to 256 traces can be created. In addition, one historical memory trace for each active trace can be stored and displayed. Mathematical operations can be performed on the current trace data and the historical memory trace.
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Press the Display button in the front panel, and the Trace Setup menu pops up on the right side of the screen to manage the operation Trace, such as adding a trace, deleting a trace, maximizing the trace window, moving traces between Windows, keeping the trace to the maximum or minimum value without displaying the current value, etc.
Select a trace line and press the Scale button to change the reference electric equalization operation.
5.6.4 Channel State
Channels contain traces. Up to 256 channels can be created. The channel setting determines how trace data is measured, and all traces assigned to a channel share the same channel setting.
Press the Display button in the front panel, and the Channel Setup menu pops up on the right side of the screen. This can be used to manage operation channels, such as adding channels, copying channels, and deleting channels.
5.6.5 Hardkeys
Using Display Setup in the Display submenu, you can set Hardkeys and open the virtual keypad on the right side of the screen to operate the vector network analyzer without operating the function keys on the front panel.
5.6.6 Function Keys
Table 5-4 Function Keys Interface Description
Functions Log Mag Lin Mag Phase Delay Smith Polar SWR
Functions Description Parameters are displayed in logarithmic amplitude mode. The parameters are displayed in amplitude linear fashion. Displays the phase of the parameter. Displays the delay of the parameter. The parameters are shown in the form of a Smith chart. The parameters are displayed in polar coordinates. The parameters are shown in SWR.
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5.6.7 Label Page
Displays all parameter display formats supported by the vector network analyzer.
5.6.8 Window State
Windows can be used to view trace data and up to 100 windows can be created. Press the button of Display in the front panel and the Window Setup menu pops up on the right
side of the screen. It can be used to manage operation windows, such as selecting a window, adding a window, deleting a window, maximizing a window, layout, and so on.
5.6.9 Stimulus Range
Displays the excitation signal set in the current window, including starting frequency, ending frequency, internal source output power, etc.
5.6.10 Status Bar
Table 5-5 Status Bar Interface Description
Functions IntTrig Continuous BW=10k
Functions Description Displays the current trigger mode. Continuous trigger, single trigger, and other trigger mode displays. Display of the current IF bandwidth.
C1·Port
S parameter calibration data state loading display.
SrcCal RF On IntRet Update On
Display whether the internal source power calibration data state is loaded or not. A Gray dark shaded label represents an unavailable selection/option.
Internal source output power ON and off, RF ON stands for ON.
A display that currently uses an internal or external reference signal.
UI waveform update or not.
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5.6.11 Message Bar
Displays the current date information and error information during testing.
5.6.12 Graffiti Function
This product provides a basic graffiti function, which is used to draw graphics and mark information on the main interface. This feature is great for annotating screenshots and adding important details before saving.
Graffiti function menu bar
Figure 5-13 graffiti function menu bar As shown in Figure 5-13, the graffiti menu contains functions of enable, edit, clear, save and call.
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SNA6000A User Manual Graffiti Editing Interface
Figure 5-14 graffiti editing interface
As shown in Figure 5-14, the toolbar at the bottom of the interface displays a series of tools for graphic editing:
1. Selection tool: A series of editing can be carried out after the drawing is selected 2. Text tool: Add text notes in the interface 3. Line tool: Add a line in the interface 4. Rectangle tool: Add a rectangle to the interface 5. Ellipse tool: Add an ellipse to the interface 6. Curve tool: Draw a series of lines arbitrarily in the interface (double click the mouse/ double
click the finger on the screen to finish drawing) 7. Delete tool: Delete the currently selected drawing 8. Text color tool: Set text color (support graphics: text) 9. Text size tool: Set text size (support graphics: text) 10. Background filling tool: Fill graphics background color (support graphics: text, rectangle,
ellipse) 11. Border color tool: Set the border color of graphics (support graphics: text, line, rectangle,
ellipse, curve)
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12. Border line tool: Adjust the border line thickness of graphics (support graphics: text, line segment, rectangle, ellipse, curve)
13. Exit editing tool: Exit the current editing state
Figure 5-15 Color selection interface As shown in Figure 5-15, after calling out this interface, you can adjust the corresponding colors of the graphics:
1. Color shade selection tool: Mouse/ finger click to select the appropriate brightness of the color 2. Color selection tool: Select a specific color 3. Color transparency tool: Adjust color transparency (the more right, the lower color
transparency)
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Figure 5-16 Line thickness adjustment interface As shown in Figure 5-16, you can adjust the line thickness at the edge of the graph by calling out this interface. The larger the value is, the thicker the line will be. Save/Recall Click the save menu button to save the current graffiti content as a file with *.GFT as the file extension.
5.6.13 Theme Management
In the “Theme Management” panel, instrument provides display configuration options for the measurement panel, allowing you to flexibly configure parameters such as trace color thickness, XY axis font style, and view grid style.
Figure 5-17 The Measurement Panel A. Trace Title Bar B. Response Axis/Left Axis
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C. Plot Grid D. Marker E. Marker Info Bar F. Trace Line G. Stimulus Axis/Bottom Axis
Press the “Display”button on the front panel “View Settings” “Theme Manager…” to enter the “Theme Management” panel. instrument supports importing and saving themes. Select a specific theme from the theme drop-down menu to configure the measurement panel display parameters in one step. After completing the new theme configuration, click “Copy…” and then set a new name to add the current theme to the theme drop-down menu. Click “Delete” to delete the current topic from the theme drop-down menu.
Figure 5-18 Theme Management Panel A. theme drop-down menu B. “Copy…”, save current theme C. “Delete”, delete current theme D. Style Settings E. Color Settings
5.6.13.1 Style Settings
Click on “Style Settings” to enter the style setting interface, with the following options:
5.6.13.1.1 Plot Grid “Window” “Plot Grid” to enter the plot grid style setting menu, where you can set the grid line
style and width. The grid line style menu bar has five styles to choose from: solid, dash, dot, dashdot, and dash-dot-dot.
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Figure 5-19 Choosing The Line Style With “dash” In The Plot Grid Menu
5.6.13.1.2 Marker “Window” “Marker” to enter the marker style setting menu, where you can set the font size,
font style and font weight of the marker. The font style can be selected as normal or italic, and the font weight can be selected as normal or bold. The settings for font styles are the same below.
5.6.13.1.3 Marker Info Bar “Window” “Marker Info Bar” to enter the marker information bar style setting menu, where you
can set the font size, font style, and font weight of the marker information bar.
5.6.13.1.4 Response Axis “Window” “Response Axis” to enter the response axis style setting menu, where you can set
the font size, font style, and font weight of the response axis.
5.6.13.1.5 Stimulus Axis “Window” ” Stimulus Axis” to enter the stimulus axis style setting menu, where you can set the
font size, font style, and font weight of the stimulus axis.
5.6.13.1.6 Trace Line “Window” “Trace Line” to enter the trace line style setting menu, where you can set the trace
line width.
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5.6.13.1.7 Trace Title Bar “Window” “Trace Title Bar” to enter the trace title bar style setting menu, where you can set
the maximum limit columns, minimum limit columns, maximum limit rows, font size, font style, and font weight.
5.6.13.2 Color Setting
Click on “Color Setting” to enter the color setting interface. In the interface, you can set the colors of current traces, historical memory traces, measurement window backgrounds, grid lines, axis text, and other objects. For the current trace and historical memory trace, you can choose eight colors each, corresponding to Trace1-8 and MemTrace1-8. If the number of traces is greater than 8, the color of the trace is Trace x% 8, where x is the serial number of the trace.
Click on the color box on the right, and the “Color Picker” interface will pop up. You can set the desired color by moving the color panel circle and color axis ruler.
instrument supports importing and exporting color configuration files. Click on “Import” on the bottom right side and select the corresponding file to complete the color configuration in one step; Click on “Export”, select the save path and set the file name to save your current color configuration.
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A. Objects with modifiable colors B. Color Box, click to pop up the “Color Picker” interface C. “Color Picker” interface D. Import Color Settings E. Export Color Settings
5.7 Touch Screen
The vector network analyzer is equipped with a 12.1-inch high-resolution color touch LCD screen for trace, function keys, and other measurement-related information. With the help of the touch screen, the LCD screen can be directly touched by a finger to select measurement and parameter setting operations.
When the Touch button display light is on, the touch screen function is on. When the Touch button display light is off, the touch screen function is off. Sliding the screen up and down to display the coordinates of the vertical axis can continuously
change the parameters of the vertical axis.
5.8 Help Information
The Help system of the vector network analyzer can provide the Help information of the function keys and menu options on the front panel. Press the Help button on the front panel to enter the Utility menu, click Help to open the Help document, click into the corresponding directory to view the information.
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SNA6000A User Manual
6 Set Up a Measurement
This chapter introduces in detail each function button on the front panel of SNA6000A series vector network analyzers and the following menu functions.
6.1 Measurement Classes
Measurement Classes are categories of measurements that can coexist on a channel. Measurements in a measurement class can not coexist in a channel with a measurement of a different measurement class. For example, a Spectrum Analyzer measurement can NOT reside in a channel that is currently hosting Scalar Mixer Measurements. And Measurement classes vary according to the Vector Network Analyzers model and options installed. Press the Meas> “S-Params” > “Mode…” to enter the Measurement class dialog, and the box shows the supported classes for Vector Network Analyzers unit. except the “Standard (VNA)” class, all other measurement classes are commonly called “Applications measurement class”. Measurement class dialog box shows the supported classes for Vector Network Analyzers unit. The supported classes depends on the product and installed options. As figure below.
Measurment class select dialog
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“Show Setup Dialog” check box is selected by default. Indicates that when a measurement class is selected to enable, the measurement configuration dialog box for the measurement class is displayed, so that users can directly set related parameters. If the check box is deselected, the measurement class’s setup dialog box will not be displayed when the measurement class is selected. “New Channel” check box is selected Indicates that create the measurement class in a new channel and new window. A default measurement for that class is created in the channel.
6.2 Measurement parameters
6.2.1 S parameters
S parameters are used to describe the degree of a transmitted or reflected signal through an impedance discontinuity. S parameters are relative measurements, defined as the ratio of two complex voltages. They contain the amplitude and phase information of the relevant signals. For the 2-port vector network analyzer, there are 4 S parameters (S11, S21, S12, S22). The specific meaning of each S parameter can be described by the following items: Sxy x,y(1,2):
x: The response port is also known as the receiving port of the vector network analyzer. The transmitted signal enters the port after passing through the DUT.
y: The excitation port is also known as the transmitting port of the vector network analyzer. The output signal of this port is provided to the DUT.
Here is a list of common Measurements with S-Parameters:
Reflection Measurements
Return loss SWR Reflection coefficient Input impedance S11, S22
Transmission Measurements
Insertion loss Transmission coefficient Gain/ loss insertion group delay Linear phase shift electrical delay S21, S12
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6.2.2 Balanced Measurement
6.2.2.1 Balanced Devices Standard Single-ended devices generally have one input port and one output port. Signals on the input and output ports are referenced to ground. As Fig2.1 Balanced devices have two pins on either the input, the output, or both. The signal of interest is the difference and average of the two input or output lines, not referenced to ground, as Fig2.2.
V
DUT
V
Fig 2-1 Single-ended devices
V
DUT
V
Fig 2-2 Balanced devices
Differential and Common Modes Model On balanced devices, the signal of interest is the difference and average of the two input or output lines. In balanced device terminology, these signals are known as the Differential and Common modes. Signal A is fixed at 1V peak Signal B is selectable Differential is calculated as A minus B Common is calculated as the average of A and B
Input Signal A and B, A =1V, B=2V
Differential=(A-B), Common=(A+B)/2
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SNA6000A User Manual Input Signal A and B, A =1V, B= reverse phase 2V
Differential=(A-B), Common=(A+B)/2
6.2.2.2 Measuring Mixed Mode (Balanced) S-Parameters
The mixed mode S parameter is an extension of the conventional S parameter for balance measurement. If the measuring device is a balanced device, its mixed mode parameters can be measured by the VNA. Some balanced devices are designed to amplify the differential component and reject the common component. This allows noise that is common to both inputs to be virtually eliminated from the output. For example, a balanced device may amplify the differential signal by a factor of 5, and attenuate the common signal by a factor of 5. Using traditional S-parameter notation, an S21 is a ratio measurement of the device Output/ device Input. Mixing this with balanced terminology, we could view the amplifier’s Differential Output signal/ Differential Input signal. To see this parameter on the analyzer, we would select an Sdd21 measurement using the following balanced notation:
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The general notation for the mixed S parameter is Sabxy, where: 1) a – Represents the output mode of the device 2) b – Represents the input mode of the device
Choose from the following for both a and b s single ended (unbalanced port) d differential (balanced port) c common (balanced port) 3) x device output “logical” port number 4) y – device input “logical” port number
6.2.2.3 Measuring Imbalance Parameters
Imbalance is a measure of how well two physical ports that make up a balanced port are matched. With a perfectly balanced port, the same amount of energy flows to both ports and the magnitude of the ratio of these ports is 1. The notation is similar to traditional S-parameters. In the following diagrams, the letters a, b, c, and d are used because any analyzer port can be assigned to any logical port using the port mapping process.
For example, in the following single-ended – balanced formula, Sba indicates the device output port is
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logical port b and the input port is logical port a.
(1) Imbalance parameter when measuring a single -balanced device.
ImBal
=
–
Sba Sca
Single Port a
Balance Port b
Port c
(2) Imbalance parameter of ImBal1 and ImBal2 when measuring a balanced -balanced device.
ImBal1
=
–
– –
ImBal2
=
–
– –
Logical Port 1 Port a
Port b
Logical Port 2 Port c
Port d
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SNA6000A User Manual (3) Imbalance parameter of ImBal1 to ImBal4 when measuring a single- single -balanced device.
ImBal1
=
–
Sac Sbc
– –
Sad Sbd
ImBal2
=
–
Sca Sda
– –
Scb Sdb
ImBal3
=
–
Sca Sda
ImBal4
=
–
Scb Sdb
Logical Port 1 Port a
Port b Logical Port 2
Logical Port 3 Port c
Port d
6.2.2.4 Measuring CMRR
CMRR is a ratio of the transmission characteristic in differential mode over the transmission characteristic in the common mode of the balanced port as the measurement parameter. A high value indicates more rejection of common mode, which is desirable in a device that transmits information in the differential portion of the signal. On the measurement balanced parameter TAB interface, click “Change” to set the DUT topology and port mapping relationship. Different DUT topologies lead to different CMRR parameters.
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The table below shows the CMRR parameters available when measuring different balanced device.
Balanced device. Single- balanced device Balanced – balanced device Single- single- balanced device
CMRR parameters Sds21/Scs21 , Ssd12/Ssc12 Sdd21/Scc21 Sds31/Scs31 , Sds32/Scs32
6.2.2.5 DUT Topology Port Mapping
In the balanced measurement, the signal of interest is the difference or average of two BALANCED input or BALANCED output lines. It is also possible to have single-ended ports AND balanced ports on the same device.
Press the “Meas” button on the front panel Balanced Topology… , Create or edit DUT Topology and Logical Port Mapping. The port Topology / Logical port Mapping setting dialog box is as below:
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Logical Port 1
SNA6000A User Manual Logical Port 2
“Logical Port” is used to describe a physical analyzer test port that has been remapped to a new port number.
1. Map any two physical ports of the vector network analyzer to a balanced logical port.
2. Map any physical port of the vector network Analyzer to a single-ended logical port.
These selections apply to ALL measurements in the channel. If the device topology is changed, any existing measurements in the channel that are incompatible with the new topology will be automatically changed to one that is compatible.
The following are the topological relationships of several common differential devices. A multi-port vector network analyzer can be used to measure the following topological relationships for differential devices. When the vector network analyzer has only 2 test ports, then only the first balanced device under test can be tested. When the vector network analyzer has four test ports, then all the devices under test with the following four topological relationships can be tested.
1) Balanced 1 Logical port (Balance Port 1) – 2 physical ports (Port1, Port2)
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3) Single – Balanced 2 Logical port (Balance Port 1, Balance Port 2) – 3 physical ports (Port1, Port2, Port4)
4) Single-Single-Balanced 3 Logical port (Balance Port 1, Balance Port 2) – 4 physical ports (Port1, Port2, Port4)
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6.2.3 Receiver Measurement
Each port of the vector network analyzer contains 1 reference receiver and 1 measurement reference receiver. For the 4-port vector network analyzer, there are a total of 4 reference receivers and 4 measurement reference receivers. The power measured by these receivers can be compared to obtain all the S parameter indices. R1, R2, R3, and R4 are the reference receivers used to measure the signal emitted from the vector network analyzer. It is equal to the transmitted power at the port after power calibration.
R1: Measures the output power of port 1. R2: Measures the output power of port 2. R3: Measures the output power of port 3. R4: Measures the output power of port 4.
A, B, C, and D are test receivers used to measure the reflected or transmitted signal power after passing through the device under test.
A: Measures the signal power entering port 1. B: Measures the signal power entering port 2. C: Measures the signal power entering port 3. D: Measures the signal power entering port 4.
6.2.4 Wave (Receivers notation)
Receivers can be also selected using logical receiver notation Press the “Meas” button on the front panel Wave Other… to enter the Wave TAB interface.
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Logical receivers are generally represented by aN, M and bN, M forms. aN – Represents Reference receiver for logical port N bN – Represents the test port receiver for logical port N M Represents the Physical port number of the output power
For example: a1,1 Represents Physical port 1 outputs power when the reference receiver of logical port 1 is measured. When logical port 1 is mapped to physical port 1, it is equivalent to R1,1; a2,1 Represents Physical port 1 outputs power when the reference receiver of logical port 2 is measured. When logical port 2 is mapped to physical port 2, it is equivalent to R1,2; b1,1 Represents Physical port 1 outputs power when the test port receiver of logical port 1 is measured. When logical port 1 is mapped to physical port 1, it is equivalent to A,1; b2,3 Represents Physical port 3 outputs power when the test port receiver of logical port 2 is measured. When logical port 2 is mapped to physical port 2, it is equivalent to B,3;
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6.2.5 Ratio
Ratio measurement allow you to choose your own ratio of any two receivers that are available in your analyzer. S-parameters are actually predefined ratio measurement. For example S11 is A/R1.
Ratio – Check Activate to create or change a measurement. Select a receiver for the Numerator, select another receiver for the Denominator, then select a source port for the measurement. The Source port is always interpreted as a logical port number. For ratio measurement: “b2/a1,1″ means that the logical source port number is 1, and the logical port 2 measurement receiver/logical port 1 reference receiver.
6.3 Frequency range
Frequency range is the span of frequencies you specify for making a device measurement.
6.3.1 Set the frequency range
Set the range of RF frequencies.
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Operating steps: Press Freq on the front panel to open the frequency setting interface, parameter change mode: 1. Use the numeric keypad to input the value of the frequency and press the unit button to select the desired unit. The optional units are GHz, MHz, KHz, and Hz. Press Enter to select the current unit by default. 2. Press ENTER or the multifunction knob to enter the state of parameter editing. Move the cursor to the specified position by the left and right arrow keys. Modify the value by pressing the up and down key, rotating the knob, or pressing the numeric keypad. Press ENTER, the knob, or ESC to exit the editing mode.
Note: Start: Specify the starting frequency of the swept measurement range Stop: Specify the end frequency of the swept measurement range Center: Specify a center frequency of the swept measurement range Span: Specify the swept measurement frequency range Step: Specifies the frequency step size between data points Points: Specify the number of measurement points per sweep
6.3.2 CW time sweep or power sweep
Measurements using a CW time sweep or power sweep will be performed on a single frequency rather than the entire frequency range Operating steps:
Press Sweep, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Sweep Sweep type. Parameter change mode: 1. Press ENTER or the knob to enter the parameter editing state and then move the cursor to
the specified position by up and down arrow keys or the knob to set the Sweep type to CW Time or Power Sweep. Press ENTER or the knob to select the current option. 2. Press Freq use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Freq CW parameter entry. Select the edit box to enter the edit mode and change the value by pressing the up and down key, rotating the knob, or pressing the numeric keypad. Press ENTER, the knob, or ESC to exit editing mode.
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6.3.3 Frequency resolution
Set the frequency resolution to 1Hz.
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6.4 Power level
Power level refers to the output power at the port of the vector network analyzer. Here are the keys to operation: 1. Press Power , use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Power Power Level parameter
item. Input the required power level. Press ENTER to exit editing mode. The default unit is dBm. 2. Press Power , use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Power RF Power parameter item.
Turn on or off RF power. 3. Press Power , use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Port Power parameter item,
Configure start and stop power. Start and stop power are only available in power sweep mode. 4. Press Power , use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Port Power Select parameter
item, Press ENTER or the knob to select the corresponding power port. 5. Press Power , use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Port Power Coupling parameter
item, Press ENTER or the knob to choose to turn coupling off or on. 6. Press Power , use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Leveling & Offsets Slope
Enable parameter item, Press ENTER or the Knob to turn on the Slope switch, Press Leveling & Offsets Slope to set the Slope.
6.4.1 Coupled port power
Coupling (selected): The power level of each test port is the same. If the power of any test port is set, the power of all test ports will change accordingly.
Decoupling (clearing): Set the power level for each test port separately and decouple the Power. For example, if you want to measure the gain and reverse isolation of a high gain amplifier, the input port of the amplifier requires much less power than the output port. Power sweep can also be performed using uncoupled power
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6.4.2 Power Leveling and Offsets overview
Power Limits controls the source power at each test port for ALL channels. Use this feature to protect DUTs that are sensitive to overpowering at the input. Source Power levels that exceed the Limit at the specified port are clipped at the limit, and an error message is displayed on the screen. Power Offset provides a method of compensating port power for added attenuation or amplification in the source path. The result is that power at the specified port, all dialogs, and annotations reflect the added components. For amplification use a positive offset, and for attenuation use a negative offset. Using the Softkey for setting: Press the ” Power ” key, ” Power ” > Leveling & Offsets then enter the menu.
A. Select the Port. B. Slope Enable. Helps compensate for cable and test
fixture power losses at increased frequency. With power slope enabled, the port output power increases (positive input) or decreases (negative input) with the sweep frequency. C. Set the slope value D. Set the power offset value E. Power Limit Enable F. Set the power limit value G. Power Offsets and limits
6.4.3 Power Offsets and Limits setting
Using the Softkey for setting: Press the “Power” key, “Power” > Leveling & Offsets > Offsets and Limits to enter the menu. You can change the cell value in one of the following two ways: 1. On the UI interface, click the cell twice in succession and then enter the value in the pop-up
virtual numeric keyboard. 2. Press the Tab key on the front panel to make the focus fall on the cell you want to change, press
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SNA6000A User Manual the number key +Enter on the front panel to set the value, or turn the knob to change the value.
A Global Power Limit. This sets a maximum source power level for individual test ports. This value limits port power for all channels and all applications. Power levels that attempt to exceed the power limit are clipped at the limit.
B Power Limit Enable. Selects On indicate that power is limited to the adjacent value at the specified source port and selects Off indicate that power is not limited to this value, but the maximum power of the source.
C Set the Source Power value.
D Set the Power Offset value.
E Set the Port Power value. The formula among Source Power, Power Offset, and Port Power is: Source Power + Power Offset = Port Power
6.5 Sweep
Sweeping refers to the measurement of a series of consecutive data points against a series of specified excitation values.
6.5.1 Points
Data points are the number of data samples representing the measured values at a single excitation
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value. You can specify the number of data points that the vector network analyzer measures in a sweep. The sweeping time of the vector network analyzer varies proportionally with the number of points. Operating steps:
Press Sweep, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Sweep Number of Points parameter item, Enter the number of points required, Press ENTER to exit editing mode. The number of data points collected by the vector network analyzer during the measurement sweep can be set to any number between 1 and 100001.
Note: Maximum point limits may differ for some measurement classes. For maximum trace resolution, use the maximum data points. For faster throughput, use a minimum number of data points to provide an acceptable resolution. To get the best number of points, look for values that do not differ significantly in the
measurement as you add points. To ensure accurate measurement calibration, ensure that the user uses the same number of
points for calibration and measurement. Points are the number of data items collected in one sweep. This number can be set separately
for each channel. To obtain high trace resolution for excitation values, select a larger point value. For high throughput, keep the smaller point value within the allowable trace resolution range. For high measurement accuracy after calibration, use the same number of points as the actual
measurement.
6.5.2 Sweep type
Key operation: Press Sweep, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Sweep Sweep Type parameter item. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by up and down direction keys or Knob, set the sweep type to the required measurement type, press ENTER or Knob to select the current option. Sweep type:
Linear Frequency Log Frequency
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Power Sweep CW Time Segment Sweep
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Linear Frequency: Set the measured abscissa frequency scale as a linear scale, and keep the full frequency scale at equal intervals.
Log Frequency: Set the measured abscissa frequency scale to log scale, to observe a wider frequency range, the calibration interval in the full frequency band is not uniform and presents periodic changes.
Power Sweep: The power sweep will increase or decrease the power of the source according to the walk length. Power sweeping is used to characterize power-sensitive circuits through measurements such as gain compression. In the Sweep Type dialog box, you can specify “Start Power”, “Stop Power”, “CW Frequency”, “Points”.
Segment Sweep: “Segment Sweep” activates a sweep consisting of frequency sub sweep (called segmentation). For each segment, you can define a separate power level, IF bandwidth, IF bandwidth for each port, sweep time, delay, sweep mode. After the measurement calibration has been performed on the entire sweep or all segments, the measurement values of one or more segments can be calibrated.
In the Segment Sweep type, the vector network analyzer performs the following operations. Sort all defined segments in order of increasing frequency. Measurements were made at each point. Display a trace containing all retrieved data.
Limitations on segmented sweeping: The frequency range of one segment may not overlap with the frequency range of any other
segment. The number of segments is limited only by the combined data points of all segments in the
sweep. The frequency range of one segment may not overlap with the frequency range of any other
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The number of segments is limited only by the combined data points of all segments in the sweep.
Operating steps: Press Sweep, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Sweep Sweep Type parameter item. Parameter change mode: 1. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the state of parameter editing, then move the cursor to the
specified position by up and down arrow keys or Knob, set the sweep type as Segment Sweep, and press ENTER or Knob to select the current option. 2. Press Sweep, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Segment Table parameter item. Move the cursor to the specified position by up and down arrow keys or knobs, set Add Segment, Insert Segment, Delete Segment and Delete All Segments to perform segment operation. Select the segment table for segment setting and tick the corresponding menu to display the corresponding contents in the following segment.
Figure 6-1 Segment table
X-Axis Point Spacing: In segment sweep mode, this feature will affect how the segment trace is drawn on the screen. This function is in the sub-sweep table menu. When X-axis point spacing is not used, multi-segment sweeping traces may sometimes result in
many measurement points being squeezed into a narrower portion of the X-axis When X-axis point spacing is used, the X-axis position of each point needs to be selected so that
all measurement points are evenly distributed along the X-axis.
For example, suppose you have the following two sections:
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Figure 6-2 X-point spacing is not used
Figure 6-3 Use X-axis point spacing
6.6 Trigger
The trigger is the signal that causes the vector network analyzer to carry out the measurement sweep. The vector network analyzer is flexible in the configuration of the trigger function.
6.6.1 Trigger Settings
Operating steps: Press Trigger, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger parameter item.
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6.6.2 Trigger source
Operating steps: Press Trigger, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger Source parameter item. Press ENTER or the Knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
Trigger source: These Settings determine the source of the trigger signal for all existing channels. A valid trigger is generated only if the vector network analyzer is not sweeping. Internal triggers: After the previous measurement is completed, the vector network analyzer will
immediately send a continuous trigger signal. Bus trigger: The vector network analyzer waits for the SCPI trigger instructions issued by an
external controller (PC). External trigger: Trigger signals generated by external devices received through the BNC
Connector on the rear panel. Manual trigger: Manually send a trigger signal to the vector network analyzer. Available Only
when you select “Manual” to trigger.
6.6.3 Trigger Range
Operating steps: Press Trigger, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger Scope parameter item. Press ENTER or the Knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option. All channels: Triggers are sent to all triggerable channels. A trigger will sweep all channels that
can be triggered. (Default setting) Current channel: Triggers are sent to the current channel but after the current channel
completes, the channel increments to the next triggerable channel.
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6.6.4 Channel Settings
Operating steps: Press Trigger, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger parameter item. Press ENTER or the Knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
These settings determine the number of trigger signals that the channel will receive. Hold trigger: The channel does not accept any trigger signals. Single trigger: The channel receives a trigger signal and then enters the “hold” state. Another
way to trigger a single measurement: Set the trigger source to “manual” and send a manual trigger. At this point, however, all channels are set to single trigger. Continuous trigger: Channels accept an unlimited number of trigger signals. Hold all channels: All channels enter the hold state and do not accept any trigger signals. Restart: (Accessible only from the Trigger menu.) Channels that are in the Hold state are set to be triggered once (The channel accepts a single trigger signal). All other Settings are unaffected. A single trigger: The channel receives a trigger signal and then enters the “hold” state. Another way to trigger a single measurement is to set the trigger source to “manual” and send a manual trigger. At this point, however, all channels are single. Restart: Stops the currently sweeping Channel, and re-sweep when a new trigger signal is received. Examples: 1. When the trigger source is internal trigger and the trigger mode is “Single” or “Continuous”, click the “Restart” then the trace will re-sweep from the first frequency point. 2. When the trigger source is Manual/External/Bus and the trigger mode is “Single” or “Continuous”, click the “Restart” will stops the currently sweeping and re-sweep when a new trigger signal is received. 3. When channel in Hold mode, click the “Restart” does not do anything. 4. Multiple Channels in Continuous mode: The current sweep on the current channel is stopped, and the first channel that can sweep is started.
6.6.5 Trigger mode
Operating steps:
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Press Trigger, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Trigger Trigger Setup parameter item. Press ENTER or the Knob to enter the parameter editing state. Then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
These settings determine the number of trigger signals that the channel will receive. Sweep trigger: Each “manual” or “external” trigger causes all traces of the shared source port to
be swept in the order specified below. In the case of a “single” trigger, the count decrements by 1 after sweeping all traces in all directions. Point trigger: Each “manual” or “external” trigger results in a measurement of a data point. Subsequent triggers go to the same trace until it completes, the other traces in the same channel are then swept in the order specified below. If it is a “single” trigger, the count decreases by 1 after measuring all data points on all trace lines in the channel. When multi-port calibration is on (requires multi-direction sweeping), the trace on the screen will not be updated until all relevant directions have been swept. For example, when all four 2-port S parameters are displayed: a) If full 2-port calibration is on, triggering 1 will cause no trace to be updated. b) When the calibration is off, triggering 1 will cause S11 and S21 updates. Trigger 2 will cause
updates to S22 and S12.
Trace sweep order: For all trigger modes, the trigger signal remains in the same channel until all traces in this channel have been swept, and then continue to trigger the next channel that is not in the “hold” state. The traces within each channel are always swept in the following order: The trace on the screen will not be updated when the multi-port calibration is turned on (requiring multi-direction sweeping) until all relevant directions have been swept.
For example, when all four 2-port S parameters are displayed: a) If full 2-port calibration is on, triggering 1 will cause no trace to be updated; Triggering 2 causes all S parameters to be updated. b) When the calibration is off, triggering 1 will cause S11 and S21 to be updated; Triggering 2 will cause S22 and S12 to be updated.
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6.6.6 External and auxiliary triggers
Both external and auxiliary triggers are used to synchronize the triggers of the vector network analyzer with those of other devices. Overview: Ready signal and trigger signal: Ready signals are different from trigger signals. The ready signal is used to indicate that the transmitting instrument is ready for measurement. The instrument receiving the ready signal then sends a trigger signal indicating that the measurement will be made or that the measurement has been completed. Usually, the slower instrument sends the trigger signal. Measurement trigger input: This signal is easy to use, but has limited configuration capabilities. Auxiliary trigger outputs: Connectors and signals are highly configurable and can be used to
synchronize with any number of devices.
Measurement trigger input
The trigger input connector is located on the back panel of the vector network analyzer. These signals can be used when the vector network analyzer communicates with slower instruments.
Operating Steps: The vector network analyzer sends a “ready” signal when it is ready for measurement The external device sends a trigger signal to the vector network analyzer when it is ready for
measurement Additional signals are provided on the vector network analyzer processor I/O to indicate that the
vector network analyzer sweep has been completed and the processor can be set for the next measurement.
To make the vector network analyzer respond to measured trigger inputs or processor I/O signals, select External on the “Trigger Settings” tab on the “Source” Settings. Also, on the Trigger Settings tab, on the Range Settings, select whether an external trigger applies to all channels (global) or one channel (local). The appropriate settings to apply are as follows:
Main trigger input:
Global/ channel trigger delay – after receiving an external trigger, the start time of the sweep will be delayed by the specified amount of time plus any inherent delay.
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SNA6000A User Manual When the trigger scope is “channel”, the delay value is applied to the specified channel. When the Trigger Range is Global, the same delay value is applied to all channels.
The vector network analyzer receives the trigger input signal through the following connectors: Measure trigger input BNC connector: Trigger input on the rear panel. Processor I/O Pin 18 (needs to be changed).
Polarity:
High level: When the vector network analyzer is ready (trigger ready) and the TTL signal on the selected input is “high”, it triggers the vector network analyzer.
Low level: When the vector network analyzer is ready (trigger ready) and the TTL signal on the selected input is “low”, it triggers the vector network analyzer.
Positive edge: When the vector network analyzer is ready, it will trigger on the next positive edge. When set to accept a trigger before ready, if a positive edge has been received since the last data acquisition, the vector network analyzer will trigger immediately after ready
Negative edge: When the vector network analyzer is ready, it will trigger on the next negative edge. When set to accept the trigger before ready, if a negative edge has been received since the last data acquisition, the vector network analyzer will trigger immediately after ready.
After receiving the trigger selection before being ready, the vector network analyzer will move to the ready state (trigger ready), if any triggers have been received since the last data fetch, the vector network analyzer will trigger immediately and the vector network analyzer will remember only one trigger signal. All other signals will be ignored.
If this check box is cleared, any trigger signals received by the vector network analyzer before it is ready will be ignored.
This feature is only available when a positive or negative edge trigger is selected.
Auxiliary trigger
The auxiliary trigger connector is located on the back panel of the vector network analyzer. When the external source is configured as an external device, the vector network analyzer will automatically control all trigger settings. Do not set other trigger settings. The vector network analyzer will start measuring when it receives a valid trigger signal from the specified trigger source:
Inside: Measurements begin immediately.
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Manual: Press the vector network analyzer “Trigger” button to start the measurement. External: The measurement starts when the measurement trigger input signal is received from
the external device. This must be configured separately.
The “Auxiliary Trigger Output” signal can be configured to be sent just before the measurement is performed or just after the measurement is completed. When communicating with an external source, the “Auxiliary Trigger Output” signal should be sent after the measurement is completed to indicate that the external source can be set for the next measurement.
Enable: When checked, the signal can be output to external devices using auxiliary connectors. Channel: This setting is controlled by the vector network analyzer “Preferences” setting. Global: All secondary trigger settings apply to all channels. On the Trigger Settings tab, set the
“Each Point” setting, which also applies to all channels.
Channels: All secondary trigger settings will be applied to the specified channel and each channel can be configured individually.
Auxiliary channel output (to device):
The following settings control the properties of the signal emitted from the “Auxiliary Trigger Output” connector on the back panel:
Polarity: Positive pulse: the output pulse is positive. Negative pulse: The output pulse is negative.
Location: Before acquisition: Send pulses just before data collection begins. After the acquisition: Pulses are sent immediately after data collection is completed. Each point: When checked, trigger output can be sent for each data point, and when cleared, trigger output can be sent for each sweep. Select “Auxiliary Trigger” – “Global” vector network analyzer preferences, on the “Trigger Settings” tab, the “Dot” Settings are set. After that, this setting applies to all channels. When multiple channels
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Pulse Duration: Specify the duration of a positive or negative output trigger pulse.
6.7 Data format
The data format is the method by which the vector network analyzer displays the measured data graphically. Select the data format that corresponds to the information you want to know about the test device.
6.7.1 Display format
Operating steps: Press Format, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Format parameter item. Press ENTER or the Knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
6.7.2 Cartesian coordinates display format
Nine of the twelve available data formats use rectangular displays to present measurement data. This display is also known as Cartesian, XY, or linear coordinates. The Cartesian coordinate display is especially suitable for clearly displaying the frequency response information of the device-undertest (DUT). The excitation data (frequency, power, or time) is linearly scaled and displayed on the X-axis The measured response data is displayed on the Y-axis
Log amplitude scheme: Display amplitude (no phase) Y: dB Typical measurements: Return loss, insertion loss, or gain
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Phase format: The phase of the signal is measured relative to the calibration reference plane, within a range of ±180 degrees. Display phase (no amplitude) Y: Phase (degrees) Each 180-degree trace is “wrapped” for easy scaling Typical measurement: Linear phase shift.
A phase: Same phase, but no 180-degree entanglement.
Note: Phase unwrapping is accomplished by comparing the phases of two adjacent data points. If the phase difference between the two points is greater than 180 degrees, or the DC offset phase of the first data point is greater than 180 degrees, then the phase measurement may not be accurate.
Group delay format: Displays the transmission (propagation) time of signal in the device Y: Time (s) Typical measurement: Group delay
Linear amplitude scheme: Only positive values are displayed Y: No Unit (U, suitable for proportional measurements)
Watts (W, suitable for disproportionate measurements) Typical measurements: Reflection and transmission coefficients (amplitude), time domain transformation
SWR format: Displays the reflection measurements calculated from the formula (1+ R) / (1-R), where R is the
reflection coefficient
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Real number format: Show only the real part of the measured complex data Can display both positive and negative values Y: No units Typical measurements: Time domain, auxiliary input voltage signals for maintenance purposes
Imaginary number format: Only imaginary parts of the measured data are displayed Y: No units Typical measurement: Network impedance matching
6.7.3 Polar coordinates
The polar coordinate format is used to view the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficients in S11 or S22 measurements. You can use a cursor to display the following items: Linear or log amplitude (in dB) Phase (in degrees)
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Figure 6-4 Polar diagram
The dotted circle indicates the reflection coefficient. The outermost circle represents the reflection coefficient with a value of 1. The center of the circle represents the reflection coefficient with a value of 0.
The radial line shows the phase angle of the reflected signal. The right-most position corresponds to the zero-phase angle (that is, the reflected signal has the same phase as the incident signal). The phase differences of 90°, ±180°, and -90° correspond to the top, leftmost, and bottom of the polar display, respectively.
6.7.4 Smith circle diagram
Smith diagrams are a tool for mapping complex reflectance coefficients to test the impedance of equipment. In the Smith chart, the linear impedance plane is reshaped to form a cyclic grid from which the resistance and reactance (R+ Jx) can be read. You can use a cursor to display the following items: Resistance (in Ohms) Reactance as equivalent capacitance (in Ephraeras) or inductance (in Henrys)
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+jx Zin=j =1
Zin=0 R=0 =-1
R=1 (R=50)
. Zin=50 =0
Zin=-j -jx =1
X=1 IM
Short Zin=0 =-1
Load
Zin=50 =0
X=1 IM
R= Zin= =1
X=-1 IM
R=1 (R=50)
Open Zin= =1
X=-1 IM
Figure 6-5 Schematic diagram of Smith circle
There is also a Reverse Smith circle diagram (also called an Admittance Smith Chart): Same as the standard Smith circle, with the following exceptions: The polar grid is reversed from right to left. Admittance (in Siemens) instead of resistance.
Smith diagram interpretation:
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Constant Rea ct anc e
Constant Res ist anc e
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Figure 6-6 Schematic diagram of Smith circle
Each point on the Smith chart represents a complex impedance (r±jx) consisting of a real resistance (r) and an imaginary reactance (x).
The horizontal axis (solid line) shows the real part of the difference between impedance and resistance. The horizontal axis always represents the system impedance. The rightmost value is infinite ohms (open path). The leftmost value is zero ohms (short circuit).
The dotted circle intersecting the horizontal axis represents a constant resistance. A dashed arc tangent to the horizontal axis represents a constant reactance. The top half of Smith’s circle is the region where the reactance component is positive and hence
inductance is generated. The lower half is the region where the reactance component is negative and therefore generates
capacitance.
6.8 Scale
6.8.1 Scale/reference level and position
The “Scale”, “Reference Level”, and “Reference Position” Settings (as well as the format) determine how the data trace will appear on the vector network analyzer screen. Operating steps:
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Press Scale, Use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the reference level and reference position parameter items under the Scale menu bar. Press ENTER or the knob to enter the parameter editing state, then move the cursor to the specified position by the up and down arrow keys or the knob, and press ENTER or the knob to select the current option.
Scale: Sets the vertical indexing value of the rectangular coordinate display format. In polar coordinates and Smith chart formats, the scale sets the value of the outer perimeter. Range: 0.001 dB/div to 1000 dB/div. Scale do not apply in logarithmic scale type.
Automatic scaling: Automatically sets the vertical indexing value and reference value to fit the working data trace in the screen grid area. The excitation value and reference position are not affected. The vector network analyzer determines the minimum possible scaling factor that will allow all display data to appear on the 80% vertical grid. The selected reference values center the trace on the screen.
All autoscaling: Automatically scales all data traces in the working window to fit vertically into the grid area of the screen.
Reference level: Sets the value of the guide in rectangular format. Range: -1000dB to 1000dB. In polar coordinates and Smith’s circle chart formats, and logarithmic scale type, the reference level does not apply.
Reference position: Sets the position of the guide in Rectangular coordinate format. Zero is the bottom line and 10 is the top line. The default position is 5 (middle of the screen). Reference positions do not apply in polar coordinates, Smith chart formats and logarithmic scale type.
6.8.2 Scaling coupling
When “Scale Coupling” is enabled, tracks of the same format will have the same “Scale”, “Reference Level”, and “Reference Position”. You can choose to couple the scales for traces in the same window, for all traces in all Windows, or uncouple them. Operating steps: Press Scale, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Scale Scale Coupling parameter item. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state, select Off / Window / All, then move the cursor to
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the specified position by up and down arrow keys or Knob, press ENTER or Knob to select the current option Note: Traces of the same format have the same scale, reference level, and reference position.
Coupling Method: Close: No coupling. Each trace is scaled individually. This is the default setting. Window: All traces of the same format in each selected window share the same scale settings All: Coupled between all selected windows, all traces of the same format in all selected windows share the same scale settings.
When window or full coupling is enabled, the scale settings for the working trace will be adopted by other coupling traces of the same format
If traces of a different format exist, all traces of that format will be set as the least numbered trace in that format
Once enabled, the scale settings for all coupling traces of the same format can be changed with any coupling trace in the working state
Selected Windows: Available when selecting a window or all methods. The selected window participates in scaling coupling. By default, all windows are selected. Cancel the check box to disable zoom coupling for this window. About “Auto Scaling” and “Scaling Coupling”: Automatic scaling using the coupling method affects the work trace in the work window. All traces coupled to this trace will be set with the new scale of the working trace. This will cause some traces to not appear on the screen. Full automatic scaling using the coupled method Close: All traces in the working window are automatically scaled separately. Window: All traces in each selected window are automatically scaled to conform to a common
set of scaling factors. All: All traces in all selected Windows are automatically scaled to conform to a common set of
scaling factors.
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6.8.3 Electrical delay
Electrical delay is a mathematical function that simulates the variable length of a lossless transmission line. Linear phase shifts through the device can be compensated using the electrical delay function. Use this feature to determine only the linear phase deviation of the device. Electrical delay can be set separately for each measuring trace. Operating steps: Press Scale, use the knob or arrow key to bring focus to the Electrical Delay parameter item. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state. After the editing is completed, move the cursor to the specified position by up and down direction keys or Knob. Press ENTER or Knob to select the current option.
Delay time: Specifies the value of the delay added or removed, expressed in time or distance. This compensates for the linear phase shift through the device. Electrical delay can be set separately for each measuring trace. Speed coefficient: Specify the velocity factor applied to the device media inserted after measurement calibration. The value is 0.66 for polyethylene insulated cables and 0.7 for PTFE insulators.1 corresponds to the speed of light in a vacuum. Distance unit: Select meters, inches, or feet. When you change this value, the step size does not change automatically.
6.8.4 Amplitude offset and amplitude slope
The “amplitude offset” allows the amplitude (rather than phase) data to be offset by a fixed or slope value in Db. The amplitude offset setting affects only the work trace. If the display format is “Linear Amplitude” or “Real Number” (unitless), the dB is converted and the correct offset is implemented.
Operating steps:
Press Scale, use the knob or arrow keys to bring focus to the Constants Mag Offset / Mag Slope parameter item.
Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state. After the editing is completed, move the cursor to the specified position by up and down direction keys or Knob. Press ENTER or Knob to select the current option.
Amplitude deviation: Offset the entire data trace at the specified value.
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Margin slope: Offset the data trace by some value that changes with frequency. The offset slope starts at 0 Hz.
6.8.5 Phase deviation
Phase offset mathematically adjusts the phase measurement to a specified degree (up to 360°). This feature can be used in the following ways: Improved display of phase measurements. This is the same way as changing the reference level
in the amplitude measurement. Change the phase response to the center or align the response on the screen. Simulate Projection phase shift in measurements. For example, if you know that you need to add a cable and that the length of the cable will add a certain phase shift to the measurement, you can use a phase shift to increase the length and simulate the entire device measurement.
Key operation: Press Scale, use the knob or arrow keys to bring focus to the Constants Phase Offset parameter item. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state. After the editing is completed, move the cursor to the specified position by up and down direction keys or Knob. Press ENTER or Knob to select the current option.
6.8.6 Divisions
Sets the number of divisions on the Y axis. An even number from 4 to 30 must be used. Once set, it is commonly applied to all the traces displayed in the linear scale type on the Y axis within that window. Operating steps: Press Scale, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Advanced Divisions parameter item. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state. Set the value of the Y-axis divisions in the Cartesian coordinate format. After the editing is completed, move the cursor to the specified position by up and down direction keys or Knob. Press ENTER or Knob to select the current option. Range: even numbers from 4 to 30. Divisions do not apply in polar coordinates, Smith chart formats and logarithmic scale type.
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6.8.7 Scale type
The scale types include linear scale and logarithmic scale, which are expressed as the scale distribution of the Y axis in the coordinate system. In a logarithmic scale type, the upper and lower limits of the Y-axis determine how the data trace is displayed on the VNA screen. The scale type can be set separately for each measuring trace. Operating steps: Press Scale, use the knob or arrow keys to focus on the Advanced Scale Type parameter item. Press ENTER or Knob to enter the editing state. After the editing is completed, move the cursor to the specified position by up and down direction keys or Knob. Press ENTER or Knob to select the current option. Note: The logarithmic scale type can only be selected when the display format is linear magnitude scheme, real number format or imaginary number format. Other formats are linear scale type.
Scale type: Linear Scale Type Log Scale Type
Linear: Y-axis scale linear distribution. The display mode can be set by setting scale, reference level and position. Log: The Y-axis scale is logarithmic. The display range can be set by setting the maximum and minimum values of the Y axis. Max Value: Set the upper limit of the Y-axis in the logarithmic scale type. Min Value: Set the lower limit of the Y-axis in the logarithmic scale type.
6.9 Avg BW
6.9.1 Overview
The dynamic range is the finite difference between the maximum input power level and the minimum measurement power level (noise floor) of the analyzer. In evaluating a characteristic accompanied by a large change in the amplitude (the start and stop band of a filter for example), it is important to increase the dynamic range. The noise floor can be reduced by narrowing the IF bandwidth or turning on Sweep Averaging.
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For minimizing very low noise, Averaging is more effective than reducing IF bandwidth. Generally, Averaging takes slightly longer than IF bandwidth reduction to lower noise, especially if many averages are required. Also, changing the IF bandwidth after calibration results in uncertain accuracy.
6.9.2 Averaging
Averaging is a feature that the VNA averaging on each data point before stepping to the next data point. You determine the number of measurements by setting the averaging factor. The higher the averaging factor, the greater the amount of noise reduction. Averaging setting: Press the “Avg BW” key, then enter the Averaging and Bandwidth menu.
A. Averaging Enable. B. Sweep Averaging factor. (an integer
between 1 and 999) C. Averaging Restart. Restart the
Sweep Averaging from 1.
Figure 6-7 Avg BW menu
6.9.3 IF Bandwidth
The received signal of VNA is converted from its source frequency to a lower intermediate frequency (IF). Reducing the IF receiver bandwidth reduces the effect of random noise on a measurement. Each tenfold reduction in IF bandwidth lowers the noise floor by 10 dB. However, narrower IF bandwidths cause longer sweep times.
IF Bandwidth setting: 1. Using the Softkey for setting: Press the “Avg BW” key, Press “Avg BW” > Averaging > IF
Bandwidth > Enter the IF Bandwidth value.
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Figure 6-8 Set the IF from the menu bar 2. Using a mouse for setting: Click the “BW=xx” icon on the menu bar and select IF Bandwidth.
Figure 6-9 Set the IF from the status bar
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6.9.4 Smoothing
Trace smoothing averages several adjacent data points to smooth the displayed trace. The number of adjacent data points that get averaged together is also known as the smoothing aperture. You can specify the aperture as either the number of data points or the percentage of the x-axis span. Trace Smoothing reduces the peak-to-peak noise values on broadband measured data. It smooths trace noise and does not increase measurement time significantly.
Smoothing setting:
Using the Softkey for setting: Press the “Avg BW” key, “Avg BW” > Smoothing then enter the Smoothing menu.
Figure 6-10 Smoothing menu
A. Smooth On|Off When is On, applies smoothing to the displayed trace.
B. Percent of Smooth: Specify the percent of the swept stimulus span to smooth. For example, for a trace that contains 100 data points, and a smoothing percent of span = 11%, then the number of data points that are averaged is 11.
C. Smooth Points: Specify the number of adjacent data points to average.
Tips: Start with a high number of display points and reduce until you are confident that the trace is not
giving misleading results. Do not use smoothing for high-resonance devices, or devices with wide trace variations. It may Smoothing is set independently for each trace.
6.10 Preset instructions
Invokes preset Settings to restore system Settings to the specified just started state.
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Operating instructions: Preset types are available through Preset Preset Option, Select “Default”, “Last”, or “User”. Press the Preset key, and the device invokes either default Settings or user Settings.
Table 6-1 Some default setting values Take SNA5084A for example:
Parameter name
RF state RF level Signal output port Port coupling
Frequency range Frequency step size Frequency points
Sweeping points Sweeping type Sweeping time delay Sweeping mode
Trigger mode Trigger source
S parameter Display format Data display format
Scale Reference level
Parameter value RF Power
ON 0 dBm Port 1 ON Frequency 100 kHz-8.5 GHz 42.4995MHz 201 Sweeping 201 Linear frequency 0 s automatic Trigger continuous internal Measurement S11
Log Mag Scale
10 dB 0 dB
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reference position Scale coupling Delay time Delay distance Distance unit Speed coefficient System impedance Phase deviation Amplitude deviation
Average state S
Documents / Resources
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SIGLENT SNA6000A Series Vector Network Analyzer [pdf] User Manual SNA6000A Series Vector Network Analyzer, SNA6000A Series, Vector Network Analyzer, Network Analyzer, Analyzer |