RaspberryPi KMS HDMI Output Graphics Driver

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Document version nhoroondo

Kuwanda kwegwaro

Iri gwaro rinoshanda kune anotevera Raspberry Pi zvigadzirwa

Nhanganyaya

Nekuunzwa kweKMS (Kernel Mode Setting) giraidhi mutyairi, Raspberry Pi Ltd iri kufamba kubva kune legacy firmware kutonga kweiyo vhidhiyo yekubuda system uye yakananga kune yakavhurika sosi yemifananidzo. Zvisinei, izvi zvauya nematambudziko azvo. Gwaro iri rine chinangwa chekubatsira pane chero nyaya dzingamuka kana uchienda kuhurongwa hutsva. Iri whitepaper rinofungidzira kuti Raspberry Pi irikumhanyisa Raspberry Pi OS, uye yakanyatso kuenderana neazvino firmware uye kernels.

Terminology

DRM: Direct Rendering Maneja, subsystem yeLinux kernel inoshandiswa kutaurirana nemifananidzo yekugadzirisa zvikamu (GPUs). Inoshandiswa mukubatana neFKMS neKMS.
DVI: Yakatangira kuHDMI, asi isina maodhiyo ekugona. HDMI kune DVI tambo uye adapters zviripo kubatanidza Raspberry Pi mudziyo kune DVI-yakashongedzerwa kuratidza.
EDID: Yakawedzerwa Display Identification Data. Iyo metadata fomati yezvishandiso zvekuratidza kutsanangura kugona kwavo kune vhidhiyo sosi. Iyo EDID data chimiro chinosanganisira zita remugadziri uye serial nhamba, rudzi rwechigadzirwa, saizi yekuratidzira yemuviri, uye nguva dzinotsigirwa nechiratidziro, pamwe nedata shoma shoma. Mamwe maratidziro anogona kuve akaremara EDID zvidhinha, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko kana izvo zvirema zvikasabatwa nedhisheni yekuratidzira.
FKMS (vc4-fkms-v3d): Fake Kernel Mode Setting. Kunyange iyo firmware ichiri kudzora yakaderera-level hardware (yeexample, iyo Yepamusoro-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) ports, iyo Display Serial Interface (DSI), nezvimwewo), akajairwa Linux maraibhurari anoshandiswa mukernel pachayo. FKMS inoshandiswa nekusarudzika muBuster, asi ikozvino yaregwa ichifarira KMS muBullseye.
HDMI: Yakakwirira-Tsanangudzo Multimedia Interface ndeye proprietary odhiyo / vhidhiyo interface yekufambisa isina kudzvanywa vhidhiyo data, uye yakadzvanywa kana isina kudzvanywa dhijitari odhiyo data.
HPD: Hotplug detect. Waya yemuviri inosimbiswa nemudziyo wakabatana kuratidza kuti iripo.
KMS: Kernel Mode Setting; maona https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/gpu/drm-kms.html kuti uwane mamwe mashoko. PaRaspberry Pi, vc4-kms-v3d mutyairi anoshandisa KMS, uye anowanzo kunzi "mutyairi weKMS". Legacy giraidhi stack: Iyo giraidhi stack yakaitwa zvizere muVideoCore firmware blob yakafumurwa neLinux framebuffer driver. Iyo legacy giraidhi stack yakashandiswa mune yakawanda yeRaspberry Pi Ltd zvishandiso kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika; ikozvino yave kutsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma ne (F)KMS/DRM.

Iyo HDMI system uye madhiraivha emifananidzo

Raspberry Pi zvishandiso zvinoshandisa iyo HDMI chiyero, iyo yakajairika pane yazvino LCD monitors uye terevhizheni, yevhidhiyo kubuda. Raspberry Pi 3 (inosanganisira Raspberry Pi 3B+) uye midziyo yekutanga ine imwechete HDMI port, iyo inokwanisa 1920 × 1200 @60Hz kubuda uchishandisa yakazara-saizi HDMI yekubatanidza. Raspberry Pi 4 ine maviri madiki HDMI ports, uye inokwanisa kuburitsa 4K pane ese madoko. Zvichienderana nekuseta, iyo HDMI 0 chiteshi paRaspberry Pi 4 inokwanisa kusvika 4kp60, asi kana uchishandisa maviri 4K inobuda michina unogumira p30 pamidziyo miviri. Iyo graphics software stack, zvisinei neshanduro, ine basa rekubvunzurudza yakanamatira HDMI zvishandiso zvezvivakwa zvavo, uye kumisikidza iyo HDMI system nenzira kwayo. Legacy uye FKMS stacks zvese zvinoshandisa firmware muVideoCore graphics processor kutarisa HDMI kuvapo uye zvivakwa. Kusiyana neizvi, KMS inoshandisa yakavhurika sosi, ARM-parutivi kuita. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhesi ekodhi emasisitimu maviri akasiyana zvachose, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu izvi zvinogona kukonzera maitiro akasiyana pakati pemaitiro maviri aya. HDMI neDVI zvishandiso zvinozvizivisa kune sosi mudziyo uchishandisa chidimbu chemetadata chinonzi EDID block. Izvi zvinoverengwa nemudziyo wemudziyo kubva pachiratidziro chekushandisa kuburikidza neI2C yekubatanidza, uye izvi zviri pachena kune yekupedzisira mushandisi sezvazvinoitwa neiyo giraidhi stack. Iyo EDID block ine ruzivo rwakakura, asi inonyanya kushandiswa kutsanangura kuti ndedzipi sarudzo dzinotsigirwa nechiratidziro, saka Raspberry Pi inogona kumisikidzwa kuti ibudise sarudzo yakakodzera.

Iyo HDMI inobatwa sei panguva yekubhoti

Pakatanga kufambiswa simba, Raspberry Pi inopfuura nepakati akati wandei stages, inozivikanwa sebhutsu stages:

1. Yekutanga-stage, ROM-based bootloader inotanga iyo VideoCore GPU.
2. Chechipiri-stage bootloader (iyi bootcode.bin pane SD kadhi pamidziyo isati yasvika Raspberry Pi 4, uye muSPI EEPROM paRaspberry Pi 4):
   1. PaRaspberry Pi 4, yechipiri-stage bootloader ichatanga iyo HDMI system, bvunzurudza chiratidziro chemodhi dzinobvira, wozomisa chiratidziro nenzira kwayo. Panguva ino chiratidziro chinoshandiswa kupa data rekuongorora.
   2. Iyo bootloader diagnostic inoratidzira (07 Zvita 2022 zvichienda mberi) icharatidza chimiro chechero chakabatanidzwa chiratidziro (kunyangwe Hotplug Detect (HPD) iripo, uye kana EDID block yakadzoserwa kubva kuchiratidziro.
3. Iyo VideoCore firmware (start.elf) inotakurwa uye inomhanya. Izvi zvinotora kutonga kweHDMI system, verenga iyo EDID block kubva kune chero yakasungirirwa maratidziro, uye ratidza murarabungu skrini pane izvo zvinoratidzwa.
4. Iyo Linux kernel boots
   1. Munguva yekernel boot, KMS ichatora kutonga kweHDMI system kubva kune firmware. Zvekare zvakare iyo EDID block inoverengwa kubva kune chero yakasungirirwa kuratidza, uye ruzivo urwu runoshandiswa kumisikidza iyo Linux console uye desktop.

Zvinetso zvinogona kuitika uye zviratidzo

Chiratidzo chinowanzoitika kana uchienda kuKMS ibhutsu yakanaka yekutanga, ine bootloader skrini uyezve murarabungu skrini ichioneka, inoteverwa mushure memasekondi mashoma nekuratidzira kuenda kutema uye kusadzokeka. Iyo poindi iyo kuratidza inoenda dema ndiyo chaiyo poindi panguva yekernel booting maitiro apo mutyairi weKMS anotora pamusoro pekumhanyisa kuratidzwa kubva kune firmware. Iyo Raspberry Pi parizvino iri kushanda munzira dzese kunze kwekubuda kweHDMI, saka kana SSH ikagoneswa saka unofanirwa kukwanisa kupinda mumudziyo nenzira iyoyo. Iyo yakasvibira SD kadhi yekuwana LED inowanzo penya nguva nenguva. Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kuti iwe uchaona pasina HDMI kubuda zvachose; hapana bootloader kuratidza, uye hapana muraraungu skrini. Kazhinji izvi zvinogona kuverengerwa kutadza kwehardware.

Kuongorora mhosva

Hapana HDMI inobuda zvachose
Zvinogoneka kuti mudziyo hauna kubhowa zvachose, asi izvi zviri kunze kweiyo remit yeiyi chena bepa. Tichifunga kuti maitiro akacherechedzwa idambudziko rekuratidzira, kushaikwa kweHDMI kuburitsa panguva chero chikamu cheiyo booting process kazhinji nekuda kwekukanganisa kwehardware. Pane zvinoverengeka zvingasarudzwa:

• Yakaremara HDMI tambo
• Edza tambo itsva. Dzimwe tambo, kunyanya dzakachipa zvakanyanya, dzinogona kunge dzisina ese anodiwa mitsara yekutaurirana (semuenzaniso hotplug) yeRaspberry Pi kuti ibudirire kuona chiratidziro.
• Yakaremara HDMI chiteshi paRaspberry Pi
• Kana iwe uri kushandisa Raspberry Pi 4, edza imwe HDMI port.
• Yakaremara HDMI chiteshi pamonitor
• Dzimwe nguva chiteshi cheHDMI pane chekutarisa kana TV chinogona kupera. Edza chiteshi chakasiyana kana mudziyo uine imwe.
• Kashoma, mudziyo wekuratidzira unogona kungopa EDID data kana yakabatidzwa, kana kana chiteshi chengarava chasarudzwa. Kuti utarise, ita shuwa kuti mudziyo wakabatidzwa uye kuti chiteshi chekuisa chakasarudzwa.
• Ratidza mudziyo usingataure hotplug yekuona mutsara

Yekutanga kubuda, ipapo skrini inoenda dema
Kana iyo ratidziro ikauya asi yobva yadzima panguva yeLinux kernel boot, pane akati wandei zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa, uye izvi zvinowanzoenderana nedambudziko kuverenga EDID kubva pachiratidziro chishandiso. Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva muchikamu chiri pamusoro chekubata nekutevedzana kwebhoti, EDID inoverengwa pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana panguva yebhoot process, uye imwe neimwe yeiyi inoverengwa inoitwa nechidimbu che software. Kuverenga kwekupedzisira, kana KMS ikatora, inoitwa neisina kuchinjika kumusoro kweLinux kernel kodhi, uye izvi hazvibati akaremara EDID mafomati pamwe neyekutanga firmware software. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chiratidziro chinogona kumira kushanda nemazvo kana KMS yatora. Pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzekusimbisa kana KMS iri kutadza kuverenga EDID, uye mbiri dzeiyi dzinotevera.
Tarisa iyo bootloader diagnostic skrini (Raspberry Pi 4 chete)

CHERECHEDZA
Bootloader diagnostics inoda ichangoburwa bootloader. Unogona kukwidziridza kune yazvino vhezheni uchishandisa iyi mirairo: https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/raspberry-pi.html#updating-the-bootloader Bvisa iyo SD kadhi uye tangazve iyo Raspberry Pi. Dzvanya ESC pane Isa OS skrini, uye iyo yekuongorora skrini inofanirwa kuoneka pachiratidziro. Panofanira kuva nemutsara pachiratidziro chinotanga nekuratidzira: - semuenzanisoample:

• kuratidza: DISP0: HDMI HPD=1 EDID=ok #2 DISP1: HPD=0 EDID=hapana #0

Izvi zvakabuda kubva kuRaspberry Pi 4 zvinoratidza kuti sisitimu yakaona kuratidzwa kweHDMI paHDMI chiteshi 0, hotplug yekuona inosimbiswa, uye EDID yakaverengwa zvakanaka. Hapana chakawanikwa paHDMI port 1.

Tarisa uone kana iyo KMS system yaona EDID
Kuti utarise izvi iwe unozofanirwa kupinda muRaspberry Pi mudziyo pamusoro peSSH kubva kune imwe komputa. SSH inogona kugoneswa kana uchigadzira SD kadhi mufananidzo neRaspberry Pi Imager, uchishandisa iyo Yepamberi Settings sarudzo. Kugonesa SSH pane SD kadhi yatove nemufananidzo kwakatonyanya kuomarara: iwe unozofanirwa kushandisa imwe komputa kuwedzera a. file yakanzi ssh kune iyo boot partition. Tsiva iyo SD kadhi mune yepakutanga Raspberry Pi uye isimudze kumusoro. Izvi zvinofanirwa kugonesa SSH, ine IP kero yakagoverwa neDHCP. Kana wangopinda mukati, nyora zvinotevera pakumisikidzwa kwekupedzisira kuratidza zviri mukati chero EDID yaonekwa (ungangoda kushandura HDMI-A-1 kuenda kuHDMI-A-2 zvichienderana nekuti ndeipi HDMI port paRaspberry Pi mudziyo wekuratidzira wakabatana. ku): katsi /sys/class/drm/card?-HDMI-A-1/edid Kana pasina maforodha anonzi kadhi?-HDMI-A-1 kana zvakafanana, saka zvingangoita kuti hapana EDID inogona kuverengwa kubva pachiratidziro. mudziyo.

CHERECHEDZA
Mune iyo nyaya iyo EDID inoverengwa zvinobudirira, pane inobatsira chaiyo file mune imwecheteyo folda, inonzi modes, iyo kana ichiratidzwa inoratidza ese anobvira modhi iyo EDID inoti mudziyo unotsigira.

Mitigations

Hotplug inoona kutadza Kana iyo firmware neKMS ikatadza kuwana yakanamirwa yekutarisa, inogona kunge iri hotplug yekuona kutadza - kureva, iyo Raspberry Pi haizive kuti mudziyo wakavharirwa mukati, saka haitarise EDID. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa netambo yakaipa, kana mudziyo unoratidza kuti hautaure hotplug nemazvo. Iwe unogona kumanikidza hotplug yekuona nekushandura kernel command line file (cmdline.txt) inochengetwa muchikamu chebhoot cheRaspberry Pi OS SD kadhi. Unogona kugadzirisa izvi file pane imwe system, uchishandisa chero mupepeti waunoda. Wedzera zvinotevera kusvika kumagumo ecmdline.txt file: video=HDMI-A-1:1280×720@60D Kana uri kushandisa yechipiri HDMI port, tsiva HDMI-A-1 neHDMI-A-2. Iwe unogona zvakare kutsanangura kwakasiyana resolution uye furemu chiyero, asi ita shuwa kuti unosarudza izvo zvinotsigirwa nemudziyo wekuratidzira.

CHERECHEDZA
Zvinyorwa pane kernel yekuraira mutsara marongero evhidhiyo anogona kuwanikwa pano: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/fb/modedb.txt

YAMBIRO
Ekare magirafu akaturikidzana akatsigira kushandiswa kwe config.txt yekupinda kuseta hotplug detect, asi panguva yekunyora izvi hazvishande neKMS. Inogona kutsigirwa mune ramangwana firmware kuburitswa. Iyo config.txt yekupinda ndeye hdmi_force_hotplug, uye unogona kudoma chaiyo HDMI chiteshi icho hotplug inoshanda pakushandisa hdmi_force_hotplug:0=1 kana hdmi_force_hotplug:1=1. Ziva kuti iyo nomenclature yeKMS inoreva HDMI ports se1 uye 2, nepo Raspberry Pi inoshandisa 0 uye 1.

EDID matambudziko
Zvishoma zvezvishandiso zvekuratidzira hazvikwanise kudzosa EDID kana yakadzimwa, kana pakasarudzwa AV isiriyo. Iyi inogona kuve nyaya kana iyo Raspberry Pi nemidziyo yekuratidzira iri pane imwechete simba tambo, uye iyo Raspberry Pi mudziyo bhutsu nekukurumidza kupfuura kuratidzwa. Nemidziyo yakaita seizvi, ungangoda kupa EDID nemaoko. Zvakatonyanya kusajairika, mamwe maturusi ekuratidzira ane EDID mabhuroki asina kurongeka zvisina kunaka uye haagone kuparadzaniswa neKMS EDID system. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvinogona kuverenga EDID kubva kune mudziyo une resolution yakafanana uye shandisa izvo. Chero zvazvingaitika, mirairo inotevera inotaridza maverengero eEDID kubva pachiratidziro uye kugadzirisa KMS kuti ishandise, pane kuti KMS iedze kubvunzurudza mudziyo zvakananga.

Kukopa EDID kune a file
Kugadzira a file ine EDID metadata kubva kutanga hazviwanzo kuitika, uye kushandisa iripo iri nyore. Zvinowanzogoneka kuwana EDID kubva pachiratidziro uye kuichengeta paRaspberry Pi's SD kadhi kuitira kuti ishandiswe neKMS pane kuwana EDID kubva pachiratidziro chishandiso. Sarudzo iri nyore apa ndeyekuona kuti mudziyo wekuratidzira uri kumusoro uye unoshanda uye pane chaiyo AV yekuisa, uye kuti Raspberry Pi yatanga iyo HDMI system nemazvo. Kubva pane terminal, iwe unogona ikozvino kukopa iyo EDID kune a file nemurairo unotevera: sudo cp /sys/class/drm/card?-HDMI-A-1/edid /lib/firmware/myedid.dat Kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero EDID isipo, unogona kubhuya mudziyo mune isiri iyo. -KMS modhi iyo inobudirira kubhowa kune desktop kana koni, wobva wakopa iyo EDID iyo firmware icha (netariro) inobudirira kuverenga kune file.

1. Boot kune legacy graphics mode.
   1. Rongedza config.txt muchikamu chebhoot, iva nechokwadi chekumhanyisa mupepeti wako uchishandisa sudo, uye shandura mutsara unoti dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d ku #dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d.
   2. Reboot.
2. Iyo desktop kana login console inofanira kuoneka ikozvino.
   1. Uchishandisa iyo terminal, kopira iyo EDID kubva pane yakabatanidzwa yekuratidzira mudziyo kuenda ku file nemurairo unotevera:

• tvservice -d myedid.dat sudo mv myedid.dat /lib/firmware/

Kushandisa a file-yakavakirwa EDID pachinzvimbo chekubvunzurudza mudziyo wekuratidzira Rongedza /boot/cmdline.txt, kuve nechokwadi chekumhanyisa mupepeti wako uchishandisa sudo, uye wedzera zvinotevera kune kernel command line: drm.edid_firmware=myedid.dat Unogona kuisa EDID kune a chaiyo HDMI chiteshi sezvinotevera: drm.edid_firmware=HDMI-A-1:myedid.dat Kana zvichidikanwa, dzorera muKMS modhi nekuita zvinotevera:

1. Rongedza config.txt muchikamu chebhoot, uchiita chokwadi chekumhanyisa mupepeti wako uchishandisa sudo, uye shandura mutsara unoti #dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d kuita dtoverlay=vc4-kms-v3d.
2. Reboot.

CHERECHEDZA
Kana ukashandisa a file-based EDID, asi uchine matambudziko nehotplug, unogona kumanikidza kuona hotplug nekuwedzera zvinotevera kune kernel command line: video=HDMI-A-1:D.

Zvinyorwa / Zvishandiso

RaspberryPi KMS HDMI Output Graphics Driver [pdf] User Manual KMS, HDMI Output Graphics Driver, KMS HDMI Output, Graphics Driver, KMS HDMI Output Graphics Driver, Driver

References

• User Manual