Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual
Overview
Iyo Arduino Uno ibhodhi microcontroller yakavakirwa paATmega328 (datasheet). Ine 14 digital input/output pini (iyo 6 inogona kushandiswa sePWM zvinobuda), 6 analog inputs, 16 MHz crystal oscillator, USB connection, jack power, ICSP musoro, uye reset bhatani. Iyo ine zvese zvinodiwa kutsigira iyo microcontroller; ingoibatanidza nekombuta netambo ye USB kana kuisimbisa ne AC-to-DC adapta kana bhatiri kuti utange. Iyo Uno inosiyana kubva kune ese apfuura mabhodhi mukuti haishandise iyo FTDI USB-kune-serial mutyairi chip. Pane kudaro, inoratidzira iyo Atmega8U2 yakarongwa se USB-kune-serial inoshandura. "Uno" zvinoreva imwe muItalian uye inodanwa kuratidza kuburitswa kuri kuuya kweArduino 1.0. Iyo Uno uye vhezheni 1.0 ichave iyo mareferenzi vhezheni yeArduino, ichifambira mberi. Iyo Uno ndiyo ichangoburwa munhevedzano ye USB Arduino mabhodhi, uye referenzi modhi yeArduino chikuva; kuti uenzanise neshanduro dzakapfuura, ona index yemabhodhi eArduino.
Summary
- Microcontroller ATmega328
- Kushanda Voltaguye 5v
- Chiyamuro Voltage (inokurudzirwa) 7-12V
- Chiyamuro Voltage (miganhu) 6-20V
- Digital I/O Pini 14 (iyo 6 inopa PWM kubuda)
- Analog Input Pins 6
- DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
- DC Yazvino ye3.3V Pin 50 mA
- Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) iyo 0.5 KB inoshandiswa nebootloader.
- SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
- EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
- Kumhanya kwewachi 16 MHz
Schematic & Reference Dhizaini
GOGO files: Arduino-uno-reference-design.zip
Schematic: arduino-uno-schematic.pdf
Simba
Iyo Arduino Uno inogona kupihwa simba kuburikidza ne USB yekubatanidza kana nekunze kwemagetsi. Simba rekwakabva rinosarudzwa otomatiki. Simba rekunze (risiri-USB) rinogona kuuya kubva kuAC-to-DC adapta (wall-wart) kana bhatiri. Iyo adapta inogona kubatanidzwa nekudzvanya 2.1mm yepakati-positive plug mubhodhi remagetsi jack. Inotungamira kubva mubhatiri inogona kuiswa muGnd neVin pin misoro yeSIMBA rekubatanidza. Bhodhi rinogona kushanda pane imwe kunze kwe6 kusvika ku20 volts. Kana ikapihwa isingasviki 7V, zvisinei, pini ye5V inogona kupa isingasviki mavolts mashanu uye bhodhi rinogona kunge risina kugadzikana. Kana ukashandisa anopfuura 12V, iro voltage regulator inogona kupisa uye kukuvadza bhodhi. Iyo yakakurudzirwa huwandu ndeye 7 kusvika ku12 volts.
Mapini emagetsi ndeaya anotevera:
- VIN. The input voltage kuArduino board kana ichishandisa rekunze simba sosi (kusiyana ne5 volts kubva pa USB yekubatanidza kana imwe yakadzorwa magetsi sosi). Unogona kupa voltage kuburikidza nepini iyi, kana, kana ichipa voltage kuburikidza nejeki yemagetsi, pinda nayo kuburikidza nepini iyi.
- 5V. Iyo yakagadziriswa magetsi magetsi inoshandiswa kusimbisa iyo microcontroller uye zvimwe zvikamu pabhodhi. Izvi zvinogona kuuya kubva kuVIN kuburikidza ne-on-board regulator, kana kupihwa ne USB kana imwe yakadzorwa 5V inopihwa.
- 3v3. Iyo 3.3-volt inopihwa inogadzirwa neiyo onboard regulator. Iyo yakanyanya kudhirowa ikozvino ndeye 50 mA.
- GND. Ground pini.
Memory
Iyo ATmega328 ine 32 KB (ine 0.5 KB inoshandiswa kubootloader). Iyo ine zvakare 2 KB yeSRAM uye 1 KB yeEEPROM (iyo inogona kuverengwa nekunyorwa neraibhurari yeEEPROM).
Input uye Output
Imwe neimwe yemapini gumi nemana edhijitari paUno inogona kushandiswa seyekuisa kana kuburitsa, uchishandisa pinMode (), digitalWrite (), uye digitalRead() mabasa. Vanoshanda pa14 volts. Pini yega yega inogona kupa kana kugamuchira huwandu hwe5 mA uye ine yemukati yekudhonza-up resistor (yakabviswa nekusarudzika) ye40-20 kOhms. Mukuwedzera, mamwe mapini ane
specialized function:
- Seri: 0 (RX) uye 1 (TX). Inoshandiswa kugamuchira (RX) uye kutumira (TX) TTL serial data. Aya mapini akabatana nemapini anoenderana eATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
- External Interrupts: 2 uye 3. Aya mapini anogona kugadziriswa kuti atange kukanganisa pamutengo wakaderera, kukwira kana kudonha, kana kuchinja kwekukosha. Ona iyo attachInterrupt() basa reruzivo.
- PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, uye 11. Ipa 8-bit PWM yakabuda neanalogWrite () basa.
- SPI: gumi (SS), 10 (MOSI), 11 (MISO), 12 (SCK). Aya mapini anotsigira SPI kutaurirana uchishandisa raibhurari yeSPI.
- LED: 13. Pane LED yakagadzirwa yakabatana nepini yedhijitari 13. Kana pini iine HIGH kukosha, LED iripo, apo pini iri LOW, yakadzimwa.
Iyo Uno ine 6 analog inputs, yakanyorwa A0 kuburikidza neA5, imwe neimwe inopa gumi mabits ekugadzirisa (kureva 10 akasiyana maitiro). Nekusagadzikana vanoyera kubva pasi kuenda ku1024 volts, asi zvinogoneka kushandura iyo yepamusoro yekupedzisira yerudzi rwavo uchishandisa AREF pini uye analogReference () basa? Uyezve, mamwe mapini ane hunyanzvi hwekuita:
- I2C: 4 (SDA) uye 5 (SCL). Tsigira I2C (TWI) kutaurirana uchishandisa Wire raibhurari. Pane mamwe mapini maviri pabhodhi:
- AREF. Reference voltage yezvinyorwa zveanalogi. Inoshandiswa neanalogReference ().
- Reset. Hunza iyi mutsara PASI kuti uisezve iyo microcontroller. Kazhinji inoshandiswa kuwedzera bhatani reset kune nhovo dzinovharira iyo iri pabhodhi.
- Onawo mepu pakati peArduino pini uye ATmega328 ports?
Kukurukurirana
Iyo Arduino UNO ine nhamba yezvivakwa zvekutaurirana nekombuta, imwe Arduino, kana mamwe mamicrocontrollers. Iyo ATmega328 inopa UART TTL (5V) serial kutaurirana, inowanikwa pamapini edhijitari 0 (RX) uye 1 (TX). Iyo ATmega8U2 iri pabhodhi chiteshi iyi serial kutaurirana pamusoro pe USB uye inoratidzika seyakajeka com port kune software pakombuta. Iyo '8U2 firmware inoshandisa yakajairwa USB COM madhiraivha uye hapana wekunze mutyairi anodiwa. Zvisinei, paWindows, a .inf file zvinodiwa. Iyo Arduino software inosanganisira serial yekutarisa iyo inobvumira yakapusa mameseji data kutumirwa uye kubva kuArduino board. Iwo maRX neTX maLED ari pabhodhi anopenya kana data richifambiswa kuburikidza ne USB-to-serial chip uye USB yekubatanidza pakombuta (asi kwete yeserial kutaurirana pamapini 0 uye 1). Raibhurari yeSoftwareSerial inobvumira kutaurirana kweseri pane chero yeUno's digital pini. Iyo ATmega328 inotsigirawo I2C (TWI) uye SPI kutaurirana. Iyo Arduino software inosanganisira raibhurari yeWaya yekurerutsa kushandiswa kweI2C bhazi; ona zvinyorwa kuti uwane ruzivo. Pakutaura kweSPI, shandisa raibhurari yeSPI.
Programming
Iyo Arduino Uno inogona kurongwa neArduino software (dhawunirodha). Sarudza "Arduino Uno kubva kuZvishandiso> Bhodhi menyu (maererano neiyo microcontroller pabhodhi rako). Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona referensi uye tutorials. Iyo ATmega328 paArduino Uno inouya isati yapiswa nebootloader iyo inokutendera kuti uise kodhi nyowani kwairi pasina kushandisa yekunze hardware programmer. Inotaurirana ichishandisa yekutanga STK500 protocol (referensi, C musoro files). Iwe unogona zvakare kupfuura iyo bootloader uye kuronga iyo microcontroller kuburikidza neICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) musoro; ona mirairo iyi kuti uwane ruzivo. Iyo ATmega8U2 firmware source code inowanikwa. Iyo ATmega8U2 inotakurwa neDFU bootloader, iyo inogona kuvhurwa nekubatanidza solder jumper kuseri kwebhodhi (padhuze nemepu yeItari) uyezve kugadzirisa iyo 8U2. Unogona kushandisa Atmel's FLIP software (Windows) kana DFU programmer (Mac OS X neLinux) kurodha firmware nyowani. Kana iwe unogona kushandisa ISP musoro nekunze programmer (kuwedzeredza iyo DFU bootloader). Ona iyi dzidziso yevashandisi kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
Otomatiki (Software) Reset
Panzvimbo pekuda kudzvanywa kwebhatani reset isati yarodha, iyo Arduino Uno yakagadzirwa nenzira inobvumira kuti igadzirwe nesoftware inoshanda pakombuta yakabatana. Imwe yehardware flow control mitsara (DTR) yeATmega8U2 yakabatana kune reset mutsara weATmega328 kuburikidza ne100 nano farad capacitor. Kana mutsara uyu uchinge wasimbiswa (wakatorwa pasi), mutsara wekugadzirisa unodonha kwenguva yakakwana kuti uisezve chip. Iyo Arduino software inoshandisa kugona uku kukubvumidza kurodha kodhi nekungodzvanya bhatani rekuisa munzvimbo yeArduino. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bootloader inogona kuva nechinguva chiduku, sezvo kuderedzwa kweDTR kunogona kunyatsobatanidzwa nekutanga kwekurodha.
Iyi setup ine zvimwe zvazvinoreva. Kana iyo Uno yakabatana kune imwe komputa inomhanya Mac OS X kana Linux, inogadzirisa pese pese panogadzirwa kubatana kwairi kubva software (kuburikidza ne USB). Kweiyo inotevera hafu-yechipiri kana zvakadaro, iyo bootloader iri kushanda paUno. Kunyange iyo yakarongerwa kusateera data isina kurongeka (kureva chero chinhu kunze kwekukwidzwa kwekodhi nyowani), ichabata mashoma ekutanga mabyte edata anotumirwa kubhodhi mushure mekunge kubatana kwavhurwa. Kana sketch inomhanya pabhodhi inogamuchira imwe-nguva yekugadzirisa kana imwe data painotanga kutanga, ita shuwa kuti software yainotaurirana nayo inomirira kwechipiri mushure mekuvhura kubatana uye usati watumira iyi data. Iyo Uno ine trace inogona kutemwa kudzima iyo auto-reset. Mapadhi ari kumativi ese ekutsvaga anogona kutengeswa pamwe chete kuti aite zvakare. Yakanyorwa kuti “RESET-EN”. Iwe unogona zvakare kudzima iyo auto-reset nekubatanidza 110-ohm resistor kubva ku5V kuenda kune reset mutsara; ona iyi forum thread kuti uwane ruzivo.
USB Overcurrent Dziviriro
Iyo Arduino Uno ine resettable poly fuse inodzivirira komputa yako USB ports kubva kupfupi uye overcurrent. Kunyange zvazvo makomputa mazhinji achipa iwo ega kuchengetedzwa kwemukati, iyo fuse inopa yakawedzera layer yedziviriro. Kana inodarika 500 mA ikaiswa pachiteshi che USB, fuse yacho inongotyora iyo kubatana kusvika iyo pfupi kana kuwandisa yabviswa.
Hunhu Hwenyama
Hurefu hwehurefu uye hupamhi hweUno PCB ndeye 2.7 uye 2.1 inches zvakateerana, ine USB yekubatanidza uye simba jack rinowedzera kupfuura yaimbova dimension. Maburi mana anotendera kuti bhodhi ribatanidzwe nepamusoro kana kesi. Ziva kuti chinhambwe chiri pakati pemapini edhijitari 7 ne8 i160 mil (0.16″), kwete kunyange kuwanda kwe100 mil spacing yemamwe mapini.
Arduino UNO Reference Dhizaini
Reference Dhizaini INOPIWA "SEZVAZVIRI" UYE "NEZVIKOKOSHA ZVOSE". Arduino INORERA ZVIMWE ZVIMWE WARRANTIES, ZVINOTAURWA KANA ZVINOITWA, Arduino inogona kuita shanduko kune zvakatemwa uye kutsanangurwa kwechigadzirwa chero nguva, pasina chiziviso. Mutengi haafanire kutarisisa ZVINHU, ZVINO zvinosanganisira ASI ZVISINA ZVINHU, ZVINHU ZVINOITWA WARRANTI CHEKUTENGA KANA KUKAKODZERA KUNE CHINANGWA CHECHINHU zvinoenderana nekusavapo kana maitiro echero maficha kana mirairo yakanzi "yakachengetwa" kana "isina kutsanangurwa." Arduino inochengetera izvi kune tsananguro yeramangwana uye haizove nemutoro chero wemakakatanwa kana kusawirirana kunobva mukushandurwa kweramangwana kwavari. Ruzivo rwechigadzirwa pa Web Saiti kana Zvishandiso zvinogona kuchinja pasina chiziviso. Usapedzisa kugadzira neruzivo urwu.
Dhawunirodha PDF: Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual
