MikroTik Cloud Hosting Router

Zofotokozera

• Dzina lazogulitsa: MikroTik CHR (Mtambo Wokhala ndi Mtambo)
• Kufotokozera: Cloud-based virtual router for network routing functionalities
• Mawonekedwe: Kasamalidwe ka ma network, ntchito za VPN, chitetezo cha firewall, kasamalidwe ka bandwidth

Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zogulitsa

Kuyika Guide

1. Konzani Malo Anu: Onetsetsani kuti malo anu amtambo akukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukhazikitsa CHR.
2. Tsitsani Chithunzi cha MikroTik CHR: Pezani chithunzi cha CHR kuchokera ku MikroTik yovomerezeka webmalo kapena posungira.
3. Ikani CHR mu Malo Anu Amtambo: Tsatirani malangizo achindunji kuti mutumize CHR pakukhazikitsa mtambo wanu.
4. Kusintha Koyamba: Konzani zoikamo zoyambira monga zolumikizira netiweki ndi ma adilesi a IP mukatumiza.
5. Kukonzekera Kwapamwamba (Ngati mukufuna): Sinthani makonda a CHR potengera zomwe mukufuna pa netiweki yanu komanso mfundo zowongolera.
6. Kasamalidwe ndi Kuyang'anira: Gwiritsani ntchito zida za MikroTik kuyang'anira, kuyang'anira, ndi kuthetsa vuto lanu la CHR.
7. Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse: Chitani ntchito zosamalira nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi otetezeka.

Cholinga: MikroTik CHR ndi rauta yochokera pamtambo yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipereke magwiridwe antchito amtaneti m'malo owoneka bwino. Imakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe a MikroTik's RouterOS pamapangidwe amtambo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino pakuwongolera ma netiweki, ntchito za VPN, chitetezo cha firewall, komanso kasamalidwe ka bandwidth pakukhazikitsa kokhazikika kapena kochokera pamtambo.

Gwiritsani Ntchito Milandu

1. Virtual Private Network (VPN): CHR ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndi kuyendetsa magalimoto a VPN, kuonetsetsa kuti pali kulumikizana kotetezeka komanso koyenera pakati pa malo akutali.
2. Network Management: Zoyenera kuyang'anira malo ovuta a netiweki, kuphatikiza mayendedwe, kusintha, ndikusintha magalimoto.
3. Zomangamanga ndi Chitetezo: Amapereka mphamvu zowotcha zozimitsa moto kuti atetezere kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamanetiweki ndikuwateteza kuti asalowe mosaloledwa.
4. Bandwidth Management: Zothandiza pakuwunika ndikuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka bandwidth kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito a netiweki.

Kuyika Guide

1. Konzani Malo Anu:
   Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi malo amtambo kapena nsanja yowonera momwe mungatumizire CHR. Mapulatifomu othandizira akuphatikizapo AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, VMware, Hyper-V, ndi ena.
2. Tsitsani Chithunzi cha MikroTik CHR:
   Pitani kwa mkulu wa MikroTik webtsamba kapena MikroTik.com kuti mutsitse chithunzi choyenera cha CHR. Sankhani pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera zosowa zanu (monga, kukhazikika kapena kuyesa).
3. Ikani CHR mu Malo Anu Amtambo:
   • AWS: Pangani chitsanzo chatsopano ndikukweza chithunzi cha CHR. Konzani chitsanzo ndi zinthu zoyenera (CPU, RAM, yosungirako).
   • Azure: Gwiritsani ntchito Msika wa Azure kuyika makina a MikroTik CHR.
   • VMware/Hyper–V: Pangani makina atsopano ndikuyikapo chithunzi cha CHR.
4. Kusintha Koyamba:
   • Kufikira CHR: Lumikizani ku chitsanzo cha CHR pogwiritsa ntchito SSH kapena cholumikizira.
   • Basic Kusintha: Khazikitsani ma network olumikizirana, ma adilesi a IP, ndi ma protocol omwe akufunika. Onani zolemba za MikroTik kuti mupeze malamulo ndi masanjidwe enaake.
5. Kukonzekera Kwapamwamba (Ngati mukufuna):
   • VPN Khazikitsa: Konzani ma tunnel a VPN kuti mufike kutali.
   • Malamulo a Firewall: Khazikitsani malamulo a firewall kuti muteteze maukonde anu.
   • Bandwidth Utsogoleri: Khazikitsani mapangidwe a magalimoto ndi ndondomeko zowongolera bandwidth.
6. Kasamalidwe ndi Kuyang'anira:
   Gwiritsani ntchito WinBox ya MikroTik kapena WebKuwongolera ndi kuyang'anira zochitika za CHR. Zida izi zimapereka mawonekedwe azithunzi kuti asinthe ndikuwunika.
7. Kusamalira Nthawi Zonse:
   Sungani chitsanzo chanu cha CHR chosinthidwa ndi mapulogalamu aposachedwa ndi zigamba kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Zoganizira:

• Kupereka chilolezo: MikroTik CHR imagwira ntchito pansi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana. Sankhani laisensi kutengera momwe mumagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe mukufuna.
• Kugawa Zothandizira: Onetsetsani kuti malo omwe mumakhala nawo amakupatsani zida zokwanira kuti muthe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma netiweki anu ndi zosowa zanu.

Zida:

• MikroTik Zolemba: MikroTik CHR Zolemba
• Mabwalo a Community: Lumikizanani ndi gulu la MikroTik kuti muthandizidwe ndi maupangiri owonjezera.

Standart (Yaitali) Script yoyika makina

• # Tsimikizirani woyang'anira phukusi
  ngati lamulo -v yum &> /dev/null; ndiye pkg_manager="yum"; elif command -v apt &> /dev/null; ndiye pkg_manager="apt"; zina
  • echo "Palibe yum kapena apt kupezeka. Zolemba izi sizimathandizidwa."; kutuluka 1; fi
• # Sinthani phukusi ndikuyika unzip, pwgen, ndi ma coreutils ngati ["$pkg_manager" == "yum"]; ndiye sudo yum -y kusintha && sudo yum -y kukhazikitsa unzip pwgen coreutils; elif [ “$pkg_manager” == “apt”]; ndiye sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y kukhazikitsa unzip pwgen coreutils; fi
  • echo "Dongosolo lasinthidwa ndipo mapaketi ofunikira amayikidwa."
• # Dziwani mizu file system device root_device=$(df / | awk 'NR==2 {print $1}') root_device_base=$(echo $root_device | sed 's/[0-9]\+$//')
  • tchulani "Root filedongosolo lili pa chipangizo: $root_device”
  • tchulani "Njira ya Chipangizo: $root_device_base"
• # Pangani ndikuyika chikwatu chakanthawi mkdir /mt_ros_tmp && mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mt_ros_tmp/ && cd /mt_ros_tmp
• # Pezani adilesi ya IP ndi chipata
  INTERFACE=$(njira ya ip | kusakhazikika kwa grep | awk '{sindikiza $5}')
  ADDRESS=$(ip addr show “$INTERFACE” | grep global | cut -d' ' -f 6 | mutu -n 1)
  GATEWAY=$(mndandanda wa njira za ip | grep default | cut -d' ' -f 3) echo "Chonde lowetsani tchanelo (chosasinthika='chokhazikika', kapena='testing'): ” werengani tchanelo
• # Kufikira kukhala 'chokhazikika' ngati palibe cholowetsamo ngati [ -z “$channel”]; ndiye channel="stable" fi
  tchulani "Kukhazikitsa RouterOS CHR kuchokera panjira ya '$channel' ..."
• # Tsitsani URL kutengera njira yosankhidwa
  ngati [“$channel” == “testing”]; ndiye rss_feed=”https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/latest-testing.rss"elserss_feed="https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/latest-stable.rss” ndi
• # Tsitsani mtundu waposachedwa wa MikroTik RouterOS rss_content=$(curl -s $rss_feed) latest_version=$(echo “$rss_content” | grep -oP '(?<= RouterOS )[\d\.] +rc\d+' | mutu -1) ngati [ -z “$latest_version”]; ndiye
  • tchulani "Sindinathe kupeza nambala ya mtundu waposachedwa." kutuluka 1 fi
  • tchulani "mtundu waposachedwa: $latest_version" download_url=”https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/$latest-version/chr-$latest-version.img.zip“
  • echo "Kutsitsa kuchokera ku $download_url…” wget -no-check-certificate -O “chr-$latest_version.img.zip” “$download_url” ngati [ $? -eq 0]; kenako mverani"File adatsitsidwa bwino: chr-$latest_version.img.zip” ina
  • eko"File kutsitsa kwalephera." kutuluka 1 fi
• # Tsegulani ndikukonzekera chithunzi gunzip -c "chr-$latest_version.img.zip"> "chr-$latest_version.img"
• # Kwezani chithunzicho -o loop "chr-$latest_version.img" /mnt
• # Pangani mawu achinsinsi mwachisawawa PASSWORD=$(pwgen 12 1)
• # Lembani autorun script kuti mukonze chitsanzo cha RouterOS
  • echo "Username (Kullanıcı adı): admin"
  • tchulani "Achinsinsi (Şifre): $PASSWORD"
  • echo “/ip adilesi onjezani adilesi=$ADDRESS mawonekedwe=[/mawonekedwe ethernet pezani pomwe dzina=ether1]” > /mnt/rw/autorun.scr
  • echo "/ip njira onjezani chipata=$GATEWAY" >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr
  • echo "/ip service disable telnet" >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr
  • echo "/user set 0 name=admin password=$PASSWORD" >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr
  • echo "/ip dns set server=8.8.8.8,1.1.1.1" >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr
• # Bweretsani zonse zomwe zayikidwa filemachitidwe owerengera-okha kulunzanitsa && echo u > /proc/sysrq-trigger
• # Onetsani chithunzicho ku disk dd ngati=”chr-$latest_version.img” ya=$root_device_base bs=4M oflag=sync
• # Limbikitsani kuyambiranso dongosolo
  • echo 1> /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
  • echo b> /proc/sysrq-trigger

ONE-LINER (Yachidule) SCRiPT ya Makhazikitsidwe Okhazikika

ngati lamulo -v yum &> /dev/null; ndiye pkg_manager="yum"; elif command -v apt &> /dev/null; ndiye pkg_manager="apt"; kwinanso kubwereza "Palibe yum kapena apt found. Zolemba izi sizimathandizidwa."; kutuluka 1; fi && \ [ “$pkg_manager” == “yum”] && sudo yum -y update && sudo yum -y kukhazikitsa unzip pwgen coreutils || [“$pkg_manager” == “apt”] && sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y kukhazikitsa unzip pwgen coreutils && \ root_device=$(df / | awk 'NR==2 {print $1}' ) && root_device_base=$(echo $root_device | sed 's/[0-9]\+$//') && \ echo "Root filemakina ali pachida: $root_device” && echo “Njira yachipangizo: $root_device_base” &&\mkdir /mt_ros_tmp && mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mt_ros_tmp/ && cd /mt_ros_tmp &&\INTERFACE=$(ip njira |w sindikizani $5}') && ADDRESS=$(ip addr show “$INTERFACE” | grep global | awk '{print $2}' | mutu -n 1) && \ GATEWAY=$(mndandanda wa njira za ip | grep default | awk '{sindikiza $3}') && \ werengani -p "Lowani tchanelo (chosasinthika='chokhazikika', kapena='testing'): ” njira; [ -z “$channel” ] && channel="stable”;rss_feed=”https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/latest-$channel.rss” && rss_content=$(curl -s $rss_feed) && \ latest_version=$(echo “$rss_content” | grep -oP '(?<= RouterOS )[\d\.] +rc\d+' | mutu -1) && \ [ -z “$latest_version”] && echo “Sindinathe kupeza nambala ya mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri.” && tulukani 1 | \ tchulani "mtundu waposachedwa: $latest_version" && download_url=”https://download.mikrotik.com/routeros/$latest_version/chr-$latest-version.img.zip” && \ echo “Kutsitsa kuchokera ku $download_url…” && wget -no-check-certificate -O “chr-$latest_version.img.zip” “$download_url” && \ [$? -eq 0 ] && echo "File adatsitsidwa bwino: chr-$latest_version.img.zip” || eko"File kutsitsa kwalephera." && \ gunzip -c “chr-$latest_version.img.zip” > “chr-$latest_version.img” && mount -o loop “chr-$latest_version.img” /mnt && \ PASSWORD=$(pwgen 12 1) && tchulani "Dzina lolowera: admin" && echo "Achinsinsi: $PASSWORD" && \ echo “/ip adilesi onjezani adilesi=$ADDRESS mawonekedwe=[/mawonekedwe ethernet pezani pomwe dzina=ether1]” > /mnt/rw/autorun.scr &&\ echo “/ip njira add gateway=$GATEWAY” >> /mnt/rw /autorun.scr && echo "/ip service disable telnet" >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr && \ echo "/user set 0 name=admin password=$PASSWORD” >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr && echo “/ip dns set server=8.8.8.8,1.1.1.1″ >> /mnt/rw/autorun.scr &&\sync && echo u > /proc/sysrq-trigger && dd if=”chr-$latest_version.img” wa=$root_device_base bs=4M oflag=sync &&\ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq && echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger

Zosintha Zazikulu za Automation Scripts ndi Kufotokozera

1. Kuyika Maphukusi Owonjezera:
   • Malamulo owonjezera oyika a pwgen ndi ma coreutils mu yum ndi oyang'anira phukusi apt.
2. Adilesi ya IP ndi Kubweza Chipata:
   • Zolembazo zimajambula adilesi ya IP ya kachitidwe ndi chipata pogwiritsa ntchito IP addr ndi ip njira.
3. Kutsegula ndi Kuyika:
   • Chithunzicho chimatsegulidwa ndikuyikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito gunzip ndi mount malamulo ndi zosankha zoyenera.
4. Kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa mawu achinsinsi:
   • Mawu achinsinsi a zilembo 12 amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pwgen kenako ndikuyika mu autorun script ya RouterOS.
5. Autorun script:
   • Zolemba za autorun zimaphatikizanso malamulo oti musinthe mawonekedwe a RouterOS, kuphatikiza kuwonjezera adilesi ya IP, kukhazikitsa chipata, kuletsa telnet, kukhazikitsa achinsinsi a admin, ndikusintha ma seva a DNS.
6. Yambitsaninso System:
   • Filekulunzanitsa kwadongosolo kumachitika musanakakamize kuyambitsanso makina pogwiritsa ntchito choyambitsa cha SysRq, kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zalembedwa ku disk.
7. Kuzindikira kwa Network Interface:
   • INTERFACE=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}'): Imazindikira zokha mawonekedwe a netiweki popeza mawonekedwe amayendedwe.
   • Kusintha kwa ADDRESS kumakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe omwe apezeka.

FAQ

Q: Ndi milandu iti yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi MikroTik CHR?
A: MikroTik CHR imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a VPN, malo ochezera a pa intaneti, chitetezo chozimitsa moto, komanso kasamalidwe ka bandiwifi pamakina okhazikika kapena otengera mitambo.

Q: Ndingapeze bwanji chithandizo cha MikroTik CHR?
A: Mutha kulozera ku zolembedwa za MikroTik kapena kucheza ndi magulu am'deralo kuti akuthandizeni ndi malangizo owonjezera ogwiritsira ntchito CHR.

Zolemba / Zothandizira

MikroTik Cloud Hosting Router [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito Rauta Yokhala ndi Cloud, Router Yokhazikitsidwa, Router

Maumboni

• Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito