Intel MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface User Manual

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1 MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

2 Zolemba / Zothandizira

2.1 Maumboni

3 Zolemba Zogwirizana

MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

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Mafotokozedwe a Avalon® Interface
Zasinthidwa kwa Intel® Quartus® Prime Design Suite: 20.1

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MNL-AVABUSREF

ID: 683091 Mtundu: 2022.01.24

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1. Mau oyamba a Avalon® Interface Specifications……………………………………………………… 4 1.1. Avalon Properties and Parameters…………………………………………………………………………. 5 1.2. Maudindo a Signal……………………………………………………………………………………………….5 1.3. Interface Timing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 1.4. Eksample: Avalon Interfaces mu System Designs………………………………………………………. 5
2. Avalon Clock ndi Bwezeretsani Ma Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………. 8 2.1. Maudindo a Avalon Clock Sink Signal……………………………………………………………………….. 8 2.2. Clock Sink Properties……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.3. Associated Clock Interfaces ……………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.4. Maudindo a Avalon Clock Source Signal……………………………………………………………………..9 2.5. Clock Source Properties…………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.6. Bwezeraninso Sink……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 2.7. Bwezeretsani Sink Interface Properties…………………………………………………………………………… 10 2.8. Associated Reset Interfaces ……………………………………………………………………………10 2.9. Bwezeraninso Gwero………………………………………………………………………………………….10 2.10. Bwezeretsani Mauthenga a Source Interface………………………………………………………………….11
3. Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces……………………………………………………………………….12 3.1. Mau oyamba a Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces…………………………………………………… Maudindo a Chizindikiro cha Avalon Memory Memory………………………………………………………12 3.2. Interface Properties…………………………………………………………………………………….14 3.3. Nthawi…………………………………………………………………………………………………….17 3.4. Kusamutsa ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Kusamutsidwa Kumene Kumawerenga ndi Kulemba…………………………………………………………. 20 3.5. Kusamutsa Pogwiritsa Ntchito WaitrequestAllowance Property……………………………………… 20 3.5.1. Werengani ndi Kulemba Ma Transfer okhala ndi Fixed Wait-States …………………………………….. 21 3.5.2. Mapaipi………………………………………………………………………….. 23 3.5.3. Burst Transfers………………………………………………………………………………. 26 3.5.4. Werengani ndi Kulemba Mayankho……………………………………………………………………………………… Kuyanjanitsa Maadiresi…………………………………………………………………………………….. 27 3.5.5. Avalon-MM Agent Address……………………………………………………………………………30
4. Avalon Interface Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………………… 38 4.1. Dulani Wotumiza……………………………………………………………………………………..38 4.1.1. Maudindo a Avalon Osokoneza Otumiza…………………………………………………….38 4.1.2. Dulani Katundu Wa Wotumiza……………………………………………………………….. 38 4.2. Kusokoneza Wolandira……………………………………………………………………………………………39 4.2.1. Maudindo a Signal Receiver a Avalon……………………………………………….. 39 4.2.2. Imitsani Katundu Wolandila………………………………………………………………………… Kusokoneza Nthawi……………………………………………………………………………….. 39
5. Avalon Streaming Interfaces……………………………………………………………………………………. 40 5.1. Terms and Concepts………………………………………………………………………………………… 41 5.2. Maudindo a Chizindikiro cha Avalon Streaming………………………………………………………….. 42 5.3. Mayendedwe a Zikwangwani ndi Nthawi …………………………………………………………………………………… Synchronous Interface………………………………………………………………………43 5.3.1. Wotchi Imathandiza…………………………………………………………………………………… 43

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5.4. Avalon-ST Interface Properties……………………………………………………………………….43 5.5. Kusamutsa Data kwanthawi zonse …………………………………………………………………………………44 5.6. Tsatanetsatane wa Signal…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 5.7. Kapangidwe ka Data …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 5.8. Kusamutsa Data popanda Kuthamanga Kwambiri……………………………………………………………….. 46 5.9. Kutumiza kwa Data ndi Backpressure……………………………………………………………………. 46
5.9.1. Kusamutsa Data Pogwiritsa Ntchito readyLatency and readyAllowance…………………………….. 47 5.9.2. Kusamutsa Data Pogwiritsa Ntchito readyLatency………………………………………………………. 49 5.10. Ma Packet Data Transfers……………………………………………………………………………….. 50 5.11. Tsatanetsatane wa Signal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tsatanetsatane wa Protocol ……………………………………………………………………………………….51
6. Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………… 53 6.1. Terms and Concepts ………………………………………………………………………………………… 53 6.2. Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Signal Maudindo………………………………………………….. 54 6.2.1. Synchronous Interface………………………………………………………………………55 6.2.2. Kusamutsa Data kwanthawi zonse…………………………………………………………………….56 6.2.3. Kubweza Ma Credits …………………………………………………………………………. 57 6.3. Avalon Streaming Credit User Signals…………………………………………………………………… 58 6.3.1. Chizindikiro Chake cha Mtumiki……………………………………………………………………… 58 6.3.2. Per-Packet User Signal…………………………………………………………………………59
7. Avalon Conduit Interfaces…………………………………………………………………………………………… 60 7.1. Maudindo a Avalon Conduit Signal………………………………………………………………………………. 61 7.2. Conduit Properties …………………………………………………………………………………………. 61
8. Avalon Tristate Conduit Interface…………………………………………………………………………… 62 8.1. Maudindo a Avalon Tristate Conduit Signal………………………………………………………………….. 64 8.2. Tristate Conduit Properties………………………………………………………………………………… 65 8.3. Tristate Conduit Timing ………………………………………………………………………………….65
A. Zizindikiro Zazimiririka……………………………………………………………………………………………. 67
B. Document Revision History for the Avalon Interface Specifications……………………………… 68

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1. Mau oyamba a Avalon® Interface Specifications

Mawonekedwe a Avalon® amathandizira kapangidwe kake kakukulolani kuti mulumikize mosavuta zida za Intel® FPGA. Banja la mawonekedwe a Avalon limatanthawuza malo olumikizirana oyenera kutsatsira deta yothamanga kwambiri, kuwerenga ndi kulemba zolembera ndi kukumbukira, ndikuwongolera zida za off-chip. Zida zomwe zilipo mu Platform Designer zimaphatikiza mawonekedwe awa. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuphatikizira mawonekedwe a Avalon m'magawo achikhalidwe, kupititsa patsogolo kugwirizana kwa mapangidwe.
Izi zimatanthauzira mawonekedwe onse a Avalon. Pambuyo powerenga izi, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi njira ziti zomwe zili zoyenera pazigawo zanu komanso ndi maudindo ati omwe mungagwiritse ntchito pamakhalidwe ena. Kufotokozera uku kumatanthawuza magawo asanu ndi awiri awa:
· Avalon Streaming Interface (Avalon-ST)–mawonekedwe omwe amathandizira kuyenda kwa data, kuphatikiza mitsinje yochulukirapo, mapaketi, ndi data ya DSP.
· Avalon Memory Mapped Interface (Avalon-MM)–maadiresi yotengera kuwerengera/kulemba yofananira ndi ma Host-Agent.
· Avalon Conduit Interface- mtundu wa mawonekedwe womwe umakhala ndi ma siginecha amodzi kapena magulu azizindikiro zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa Avalon. Mutha kulumikiza ma conduit interfaces mkati mwa Platform Designer system. Kapenanso, mutha kutumiza kunja kuti mulumikizane ndi ma module ena pamapangidwe kapena mapini a FPGA.
Avalon Tri-State Conduit Interface (Avalon-TC) -mawonekedwe othandizira kulumikizana ndi zotumphukira zakunja. Zotumphukira zingapo zimatha kugawana mapini kudzera pakuchulukitsa ma sign, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma pini a FPGA ndi kuchuluka kwa zotsata pa PCB.
· Avalon Interrupt Interface-mawonekedwe omwe amalola kuti zigawo ziziwonetsa zochitika kuzinthu zina.
+ Avalon Clock Interface– mawonekedwe omwe amayendetsa kapena kulandira mawotchi.
· Avalon Reset Interface-mawonekedwe omwe amapereka kulumikizana kokonzanso.
Chigawo chimodzi chitha kuphatikizirapo chiwerengero chilichonse cha zolumikizira izi ndipo chitha kuphatikizanso maulendo angapo amtundu womwewo.

Zindikirani:

Ma Avalon interfaces ndi otseguka. Palibe laisensi kapena zachifumu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kapena zotengera mawonekedwe a Avalon.

Zambiri Zogwirizana
· Mau oyamba a Intel FPGA IP Cores Amapereka zambiri za Intel FPGA IP cores, kuphatikiza parameterizing, kupanga, kukweza, ndi kuyerekezera ma IP cores.
· Kupanga script ya Combined Simulator Setup script Pangani zolemba zofananira zomwe sizikufuna zosintha pamanja za mapulogalamu kapena mtundu wa IP.

Malingaliro a kampani Intel Corporation Maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa. Intel, logo ya Intel, ndi zizindikiro zina za Intel ndi zizindikiro za Intel Corporation kapena mabungwe ake. Intel imatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa FPGA yake ndi zida za semiconductor malinga ndi zomwe zili pano malinga ndi chitsimikizo cha Intel, koma ili ndi ufulu wosintha zinthu ndi ntchito zilizonse nthawi iliyonse popanda kuzindikira. Intel sakhala ndi udindo kapena udindo chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zilizonse, malonda, kapena ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa pano kupatula monga momwe Intel adavomerezera momveka bwino. Makasitomala a Intel amalangizidwa kuti apeze mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wamakina a chipangizocho asanadalire zidziwitso zilizonse zosindikizidwa komanso asanayike maoda azinthu kapena ntchito. *Mayina ena ndi mtundu zitha kunenedwa kuti ndi za ena.

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· Kasamalidwe ka Ntchito Malangizo Abwino Kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino ndi kusuntha kwa projekiti yanu ndi IP files.
1.1. Avalon Properties ndi Parameters
Mawonekedwe a Avalon amafotokoza machitidwe awo ndi katundu. Kufotokozera kwa mtundu uliwonse wa mawonekedwe kumatanthawuza mawonekedwe onse a mawonekedwe ndi zikhalidwe zosasinthika. Za exampndi, katundu wa maxChannel wa Avalon-ST interfaces amakulolani kuti mutchule kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe omwe amathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe. Katundu wa clockRate wa mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock amapereka mafupipafupi a chizindikiro cha wotchi.
1.2. Maudindo a Signal
Mawonekedwe aliwonse a Avalon amatanthauzira maudindo azizindikiro ndi machitidwe awo. Maudindo ambiri amasonyezo ndi osankha. Muli ndi kusinthasintha kuti musankhe maudindo azizindikiro okhawo ofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito zofunikira. Za example, mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM akuphatikiza kusankha koyambira kusuntha ndi magawo azizindikiro azinthu zomwe zimathandizira kuphulika. Mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST amaphatikizapo zoyambira zoyambira ndi ma endofpacket ma siginoloji amitundu yomwe imathandizira mapaketi.
Kupatula mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit, mawonekedwe aliwonse angaphatikizepo chizindikiro chimodzi cha gawo lililonse la siginecha. Maudindo ambiri amasonyezo amalola ma siginecha otsika. Zizindikiro zothamanga kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chikalatachi.
1.3. Interface Timing
Mitu yotsatira ya chikalatachi ikuphatikiza zambiri za nthawi yomwe ikufotokoza za kusamutsidwa kwa mitundu ya mawonekedwe. Palibe ntchito yotsimikizika pamitundu yonseyi. Zochitika zenizeni zimatengera zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo.
Mawonekedwe ambiri a Avalon sayenera kukhala okhudzidwa ndi ma siginecha ena kupatula wotchi ndikukhazikitsanso. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kusintha kangapo zisanakhazikike. Nthawi yeniyeni yazizindikiro pakati pa mawotchi amasiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a Intel FPGA yosankhidwa. Izi sizikutanthauza mawonekedwe amagetsi. Onani zolembedwa za chipangizo choyenera pazamagetsi.
1.4. Kutulukaample: Avalon Interfaces mu System Designs
Mu exampLe the Ethernet Controller imaphatikizapo mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yosiyana: · Avalon-MM · Avalon-ST · Avalon Conduit · Avalon-TC · Avalon Interrupt · Avalon Clock.
Purosesa ya Nios® II imapeza zowongolera ndi zolembetsa zamagawo a pa-chip kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM. Obalalitsa amasonkhanitsa ma DMA amatumiza ndi kulandira deta kudzera pa Avalon-ST interfaces. Zinayi zigawo zikuphatikizapo kusokoneza

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Chithunzi 1.

ma interfaces omwe amathandizidwa ndi mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda pa purosesa ya Nios II. PLL imavomereza wotchi kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock Sink ndipo imapereka magwero awiri a wotchi. Zigawo ziwiri zikuphatikiza mawonekedwe a Avalon-TC kuti azitha kukumbukira zachip. Pomaliza, wolamulira wa DDR3 amafikira kukumbukira kwa DDR3 kunja kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit.

Avalon Interfaces mu System Design yokhala ndi Scatter Gather DMA Controller ndi Nios II processor

Bungwe la Circuit Board losindikizidwa

SSRAM Flash

DDR3

Intel FPGA
M Avalon-MM Host Cn Avalon Conduit S Avalon-MM AgentTCM Avalon-TC Host Src Avalon-ST Gwero TCS Avalon-TC Agent Snk Avalon-ST Sink CSrc Avalon Clock Source
CSnk Avalon Clock Sink

Cn Tristate Conduit
Mtengo wa TCS
TCM Tristate Conduit
Pin Sharer TCS TCS

IRQ4 IRQ3 Nios II

IRQ1 C1

UART S

Mtengo wa IRQ2

Mtengo wa TCM

Tristate Cntrl SSRAM

Tristate Cntrl Flash

Cn DDR3 Wowongolera
S

Avalon-MM

Kondoti

Cn Src Avalon-ST

Ethernet Controller
Snk

FIFO Buffer Avalon-ST

Avalon-ST

FIFO Buffer

SM Scatter GatheIrRQ4
DMA Snk

S C2

Avalon-ST

Src

M I IRQ3

Scatter Gather DMA

CSrc

CSnkPLL C1

Ref Clk

CSrc

Pachithunzi chotsatira, purosesa yakunja imapeza zowongolera ndi zolembera zamagulu a pa-chip kudzera pa mlatho wakunja wamabasi wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM. PCI Express Root Port imayendetsa zida pa bolodi losindikizidwa ndi zigawo zina za FPGA poyendetsa pa-chip PCI Express Endpoint yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a AvalonMM. Purosesa yakunja imagwira zosokoneza kuchokera ku zigawo zisanu. PLL imavomereza wotchi yolumikizira kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock ndipo imapereka mawotchi awiri

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Chithunzi 2.

magwero. Zokumbukira za Flash ndi SRAM zimagawana zikhomo za FPGA kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon-TC. Pomaliza, wolamulira wa SDRAM amapeza kukumbukira kwakunja kwa SDRAM kudzera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit.
Avalon Interfaces mu System Design yokhala ndi PCI Express Endpoint ndi External processor

Bungwe la Circuit Board losindikizidwa

PCI Express Root Port

CPU yakunja

Intel FPGA
Mtengo wa IRQ1
Efaneti MAC

IRQ2 Custom logic
M
Avalon-MM

PCI Express Endpoint

IRQ3 IRQ5 IRQ4 IRQ3
IRQ2 IRQ1

External Bus Protocol Bridge
M

Tristate Cntrl SSRAM TCS

Tristate Cntrl Flash TCS

SDRAM Controller

Mtengo wa IRQ4

Mtengo wa IRQ5

UART C2

Custom logic C2

TCM TCM Tristate Conduit
Pin Sharer TCS
TCM Tristate Conduit
Bridge Cn

Ref Clk

CSrc CSnk PLL C1
CSrc C2

SSRAM

Kung'anima

Cn SDRAM

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2. Avalon Clock ndi Bwezeretsani Mawonekedwe

Chithunzi 3.

Mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock amatanthauzira wotchi kapena mawotchi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo. Zida zimatha kukhala ndi zolowetsa mawotchi, zotulutsa mawotchi, kapena zonse ziwiri. A phase Locked loop (PLL) ndi example la chigawo chomwe chimakhala ndi zolowetsa za wotchi ndi zotulutsa za wotchi.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndi chithunzi chosavuta chomwe chikuwonetsa zolowa ndi zotuluka zofunika kwambiri pagawo la PLL.

PLL Core Clock Zotulutsa ndi Zolowetsa

PLL Core

altpll Intel FPGA IP

khazikitsaninso

Bwezerani

Koloko

Sinki

Gwero

Clock Output Interface1

Gwero la Clock

Clock Output Interface2

ref_clk

Koloko

Sinki

Gwero

Clock Output Interface_n

2.1. Maudindo a Avalon Clock Sink Signal

Sink ya wotchi imapereka chiwongolero cha nthawi yamalo ena ndi malingaliro amkati.

Table 1.

Maudindo a Clock Sink Signal

Signal Role clk

M'lifupi 1

Mayendedwe Olowera

Zofunikira Inde

Kufotokozera
Chizindikiro cha wotchi. Amapereka kulunzanitsa kwamalingaliro amkati ndi mawonekedwe ena.

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2.2. Clock Sink Properties

Table 2.

Clock Sink Properties

Dzina la wotchiRate

Mtengo Wofikira 0

Miyezo yazamalamulo 0

Kufotokozera
Imawonetsa ma frequency mu Hz a mawonekedwe a wotchi yakuzama. Ngati 0, mlingo wa wotchi umalola ma frequency aliwonse. Ngati si ziro, Platform Designer amapereka chenjezo ngati gwero la wotchi yolumikizidwa silili pafupipafupi.

2.3. Associated Clock Interfaces
Malo onse olumikizana ali ndi chinthu chogwirizana chaClock chomwe chimafotokozera kuti wotchiyo imachokera pati pagawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cha mawonekedwe. Katunduyu akuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi chotsatirachi.
Chithunzi 4. kugwirizanaClock Property

rx_clk Clock
Sinki

Wapawiri Clock FIFO

Wotchi tx_clk
Sinki

rx_data ST associatedClock = "rx_clk"
Sinki

associatedClock = "tx_clk" ST tx_data
Gwero

2.4. Avalon Clock Source Signal Maudindo

Mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock source amayendetsa chizindikiro cha wotchi kuchokera pagawo.

Table 3.

Maudindo a Chizindikiro cha Clock Source

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

clk

Zotulutsa

Zofunikira Inde

Kufotokozera Chizindikiro cha wotchi yotulutsa.

2.5. Clock Source Properties

Table 4.

Clock Source Properties

Dzina logwirizana ndiDirectClock

Mtengo Wofikira
N / A

clockRate

clockRateKnown

zabodza

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

cholowetsa Dzina la cholowetsa cha wotchi yomwe imayendetsa mwachindunji kutulutsa kwa wotchi iyi, ngati ilipo.

Imawonetsa ma frequency mu Hz pomwe mawotchi amayendetsedwa.

zoona, zabodza

Imawonetsa ngati ma frequency a wotchi amadziwika kapena ayi. Ngati ma frequency a wotchi amadziwika, mutha kusintha magawo ena mudongosolo.

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2.6. Bwezeraninso Sink

Table 5.

Bwezeretsani Maudindo Olowetsa Ma Signal
Chizindikiro cha reset_req ndi chizindikiro chosankha chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zomwe zili m'makumbukidwe pochita konzanso kugwirana chanza musanayambe kutsimikiziranso kosinthika.

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

Chofunikira

Kufotokozera

konzanso, sintha_n

Zolowetsa

Inde

Imakhazikitsanso malingaliro amkati a mawonekedwe kapena gawo

ku chikhalidwe chofotokozedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. The synchronous katundu wa

kukonzanso kumatanthauzidwa ndi synchronousEdges

parameter.

reset_req

kulowa

Ayi

Chizindikiro choyambilira chokhazikitsanso chizindikiro. Chizindikiro ichi chimagwira ntchito ngati a

chenjezo lochepera limodzi lodikirira kukonzanso kwa ROM

zakale. Gwiritsani ntchito reset_req kuti muletse kuyatsa koloko

kapena kubisa adilesi basi ya pa-chip memory, ku

kuletsa adilesi kuti isasinthe pamene a

asynchronous reset input imatsimikiziridwa.

2.7. Bwezerani Katundu Wa Sink Interface

Table 6.

Bwezeretsani Maudindo Olowetsa Ma Signal

Dzina logwirizanaClock

Mtengo Wofikira
N / A

synchronous-M'mphepete

ZIMENEZI

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

dzina la wotchi

Dzina la wotchi yomwe mawonekedwe awa amalumikizidwa. Chofunikira ngati mtengo wa synchronousEdges uli DEASERT kapena ZOMWE.

PALIBE WOYAMBA
ZOWIRI

Imawonetsa mtundu wa kulunzanitsa komwe kuyikanso kumafuna. Mfundo zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa:
Kulunzanitsa kwa NONEno ndikofunikira chifukwa gawoli limaphatikizapo malingaliro olumikizirana mkati mwa chizindikiro chokhazikitsanso.
· DEASSERTchitsimikizo chokhazikitsanso ndi chofanana ndipo kunena kuti ndikofanana.
KUTENGA ZAMBIRI KWAMBIRI ndi kutsutsa ndizofanana.

2.8. Ma Associated Reset Interfaces
Ma synchronous interfaces ali ndi chinthu chogwirizana Bwezerani zomwe zimafotokozera zomwe zimakhazikitsanso chizindikiro.

2.9. Bwezeraninso Gwero

Table 7.

Bwezeretsani Maudindo a Siginecha Yotulutsa
Chizindikiro cha reset_req ndi chizindikiro chosankha chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa zomwe zili m'makumbukidwe pochita konzanso kugwirana chanza musanayambe kutsimikiziranso kosinthika.

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

Chofunikira

Kufotokozera

yambitsaninso reset_n

Zotulutsa

Inde

Imakhazikitsanso malingaliro amkati a mawonekedwe kapena gawo

ku chikhalidwe chofotokozedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito.

reset_req

Zotulutsa

Mwachidziwitso Imathandiza kukonzanso zopempha, komwe kuli koyambirira

chizindikiro chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa musanakhazikitsenso chitsimikiziro. Kamodzi

adatsimikiza, izi sizingasinthidwe mpaka kukonzanso kutha

anamaliza.

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2.10. Bwezeretsani Zida za Source Interface

Table 8.

Bwezeretsani Zida Zachiyankhulo

Dzina

Mtengo Wofikira

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

zogwirizanaClock

N / A

koloko

Dzina la wotchi yomwe mawonekedwe awa

dzina

kulunzanitsidwa. Zofunika ngati mtengo wa

synchronousEdges ndi DEASERT kapena BOTH.

zogwirizanaDirectReset

N / A

kukonzanso

Dzina la kubwezeretsanso komwe kumayendetsa izi

dzina

sinthaninso gwero kudzera pa ulalo umodzi-ku-wina.

zogwirizanaResetSinks

N / A

kukonzanso

Imatchula zolowetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gwero likhazikitsidwenso

dzina

kutsimikiziranso. Za example, bwererani synchronizer kuti

imagwira ntchito OR yokhala ndi zolowetsa zingapo

panganso zotuluka.

synchronousEdges

ZIMENEZI

PALIBE WOYAMBA
ZOWIRI

Imawonetsa kalunzanitsidwe wa bwererani. Mfundo zotsatirazi zikufotokozedwa:
· NONEMawonekedwe obwezeretsanso ndiwosasinthika.
· DEASSERTchitsimikizo chokhazikitsanso ndi chofanana ndipo kunena kuti ndikofanana.
ZOCHITIKA ZONSE zonenanso ndi kutsutsa ndizofanana.

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3. Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces
3.1. Chiyambi cha Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira za Avalon Memory-Mapped (Avalon-MM) kuti mugwiritse ntchito zolumikizira zowerengera ndi kulemba za zigawo za Host ndi Agent. Otsatirawa ndi akaleampzigawo zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mapu okumbukira kukumbukira: · Microprocessors · Memory · UARTs · DMAs · Timers Avalon-MM interfaces kuyambira zosavuta mpaka zovuta. Za example, zolumikizira za SRAM zomwe zimasinthidwa mozungulira kuwerenga ndi kulemba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta a Avalon-MM. Mapaipi olumikizana omwe amatha kusamutsidwa mwachangu ndi ovuta.

ISO 9001:2015 Adalembetsedwa

3. Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces 683091 | 2022.01.24

Chithunzi 5.

Yang'anani pa Avalon-MM Agent Transfer
Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa kachitidwe kachitidwe, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM wothandizirana ndi nsalu yolumikizira.
Ethernet PHY

Valon-MM System
Purosesa Avalon-MM
Host

Efaneti MAC
Avalon-MM Host

Custom logic
Avalon-MM Host

Kulumikizana

Avalon-MM Agent
Flash Controller

Avalon-MM Agent
SRAM Controller

Avalon-MM Agent
RAM Controller

Avalon-MM Agent
UART

AvAavloanlon- MM SlaAvgeePnotrt
Lor Custom
Zomveka

Wothandizira wa Tristate Conduit
Tristate Conduit Pin Sharer & Tristate Conduit Bridge
Tristate Conduit Host

Wothandizira wa Tristate Conduit
Flash Memory

Wothandizira wa Tristate Conduit
SRAM Memory

Memory RAM

Mtengo wa RS-232

Zida za Avalon-MM nthawi zambiri zimangokhala ndi ma siginecha ofunikira pamalingaliro agawo.

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Chithunzi 6.

Exampndi Agent Component

16-bit general-purpose I/O zotumphukira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chotsatirazi zimangoyankha zopempha zolembera. Chigawochi chikuphatikiza ma Siginecha okhawo omwe amafunikira pakusamutsidwa kolemba.

Avalon-MM Peripheral writedata[15..0] D

Ntchito-

pio_out[15..0] Mwachindunji
Chiyankhulo

Avalon-MM Interface
(Avalon-MM lembani Agent Interface)
clk

CLK_EN

Chizindikiro chilichonse mwa wothandizira wa Avalon-MM chimafanana ndendende ndi gawo limodzi la chizindikiro cha Avalon-MM. Mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM atha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi lokha la chizindikiro chilichonse.

3.2. Avalon Memory Mapped Interface Signal Maudindo

Maudindo a siginecha amatanthawuza mitundu yama siginecha yomwe ma Avalon memory adajambulidwa ndi ma doko a othandizira amalola.

Kufotokozera kumeneku sikufuna kuti ma siginecha onse akhalepo mu mawonekedwe a Avalon memory map. Palibe chizindikiro chomwe chimafunikira nthawi zonse. Zofunikira zochepa pa mawonekedwe a Avalon memory mapu ndi kuwerenga kwa mawonekedwe owerengera okha, kapena kulemba data ndikulembera mawonekedwe olembera okha.

Gome lotsatirali limatchula maudindo amtundu wa Avalon memory:

Table 9.

Maudindo a Chizindikiro cha Avalon Memory
Zizindikiro zina zokumbukira za Avalon zimatha kukhala zokwera kapena zotsika. Pamene ikugwira ntchito yotsika, dzina la chizindikiro limathera ndi _n.

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

Chofunikira

Kufotokozera

adilesi

1 - 64 Host Wothandizira

byteenable byteenable_n

2, 4, 8, 16,
32, 64, 128

Wothandizira Host

Zizindikiro Zofunikira

Ayi

Hosts: Mwachikhazikitso, chizindikiro cha adilesi chimayimira byte

adilesi. Mtengo wa adilesi uyenera kugwirizana ndi makulidwe a data.

Kulembera ku ma byte enieni mkati mwa liwu la data, wolandirayo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito

chizindikiro chokhazikika. Onani mawonekedwe a addressUnits

katundu polankhula mawu.

Agents: Mwachikhazikitso, interconnect imamasulira adilesi ya byte kukhala mawu adilesi mu adilesi ya wothandizirayo. Kuchokera pakuwona kwa wothandizira, mwayi uliwonse ndi mawu a data.

Za example, adilesi = 0 amasankha mawu oyamba a wothandizira. adilesi = 1 amasankha liwu lachiwiri la wothandizira. Onani ku adilesi yaunits mawonekedwe a ma byte adilesi.

Ayi

Imayatsa njira imodzi kapena zingapo zodziwika bwino pakasamutsa

m'lifupi mwake kuposa ma bits 8. Pafupifupi pafupifupi

zimagwirizana ndi byte mu writedata ndi readdata. Olandila alendo

pang'ono ya byteenable imawonetsa ngati byte ndi kukhala

anapitiriza…

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Udindo wa Signal
debugaccess read read_n readdata response [1:0] write write_n writedata

M'lifupi

Njira Yofunika

Kufotokozera

kulembedwa ku. Pakulemba, byteenables imatchula ma byte omwe akulembedwera. Ma byte ena sayenera kunyalanyazidwa ndi wothandizira. Pakuwerenga, zowerengeka zimawonetsa ma byte omwe woyang'anira akuwerenga. Othandizira omwe amangobwezera zowerengera popanda zotsatira zake amakhala omasuka kunyalanyaza zomwe zikuyembekezeka pakuwerenga. Ngati mawonekedwe alibe chizindikiro chodziwikiratu, kusamutsa kumapitilira ngati kuti zonse zomwe zatsala zimatsimikiziridwa.
Pamene kupitilira kachidutswa kakang'ono kachizindikiro kamene kamatsimikiziridwa, mayendedwe onse otsimikiziridwa amakhala moyandikana.

Wothandizira Host

Ayi

Ikanenedwa, imalola purosesa ya Nios II kulemba pa-chip

zokumbukira zokonzedwa ngati ma ROM.

Wothandizira Host

Ayi

Amatsimikiziridwa kuti akuwonetsa kusintha kowerenga. Ngati ilipo, readdata ndi

zofunika.

8, 16, Wothandizira Wothandizira

Ayi

The readdata yoyendetsedwa kuchokera kwa wothandizira kupita kwa wolandirayo poyankha

32,

kusintha kowerenga. Zofunikira pazolumikizana zomwe zimathandizira kuwerenga.

64,

128,

256,

512,

1024

Wothandizira Wothandizira

Ayi

Chizindikiro choyankhira ndi chizindikiro chosankha chomwe chimanyamula

momwe mungayankhire.

Zindikirani: Chifukwa siginecha imagawidwa, mawonekedwe sangathe kupereka kapena kuvomera kuyankha ndikuwerenga mozungulira wotchi yomweyo.

· 00: CHABWINO–Kuyankha bwino pakuchitapo kanthu.

01: RESERVED-Kusindikiza kwasungidwa.

· 10: SLVERR-Zolakwika kuchokera kwa wothandizira. Zikuwonetsa kugulitsa komwe sikunayende bwino.

· 11: DECODEERROR–Kuwonetsa kuyesa kupeza malo osadziwika.

Kuti muwerenge mayankho:

· Yankho limodzi limatumizidwa ndi data iliyonse yowerengedwa. Kuchuluka kowerengera kwa N kumabweretsa mayankho a N. Mayankho ochepera sali ovomerezeka, ngakhale pakachitika cholakwika. Mtengo wa chizindikiro choyankhira ukhoza kukhala wosiyana pa kuwerenga kulikonse pakuphulika.

· The mawonekedwe ayenera kuwerenga kulamulira zizindikiro. Thandizo la mapaipi ndizotheka ndi chizindikiro chowerengera.

· Pa zolakwika zowerenga, zowerengera zofananira ndi "simusamala".

Kwa mayankho lembani:

· Yankho limodzi lolemba litumizidwe pa lamulo lililonse lolemba. Kuphulika kolemba kumabweretsa yankho limodzi lokha, lomwe liyenera kutumizidwa pambuyo pomaliza kulemba kusamutsidwa pakuphulika kwavomerezedwa.

· Ngati Writeresponsevalid alipo, malamulo onse kulemba ayenera kumalizidwa ndi kulemba mayankho.

Wothandizira Host

Ayi

Amatsimikiziridwa kuti akuwonetsa kutumiza. Ngati alipo, writedata ndi

zofunika.

8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

Wothandizira Host

Ayi

Deta yolemba zosintha. M'lifupi uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi

wide of readdata ngati onse alipo. Zofunikira pazolumikizana

kuti thandizo limalemba.

Dikirani-State Signals

anapitiriza…

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Signal Role loko
waitrequest waitrequest_ n
readdatavali d readdatavali d_n
mayankho ali olondola

M'lifupi 1
1
1 1

Njira Yofunika

Kufotokozera

Wothandizira Host

Ayi

loko kumatsimikizira kuti wolandira alendo akapambana kukangana, wopambana

imasunga mwayi wopeza wothandizira pazochita zingapo. Loko

amatsimikizira mogwirizana ndi kuwerenga kapena kulemba koyamba kwa loko

kutsatizana kwa zochitika. Tsekani zokometsera pomaliza

kugulitsa kwadongosolo lotsekeka la zochitika. loko kunena

sizikutanthauza kuti arbitration yapambana. Pambuyo pa lock-

wolandirayo waperekedwa, wolandirayo amasunga mpaka

loko ndi desserated.

Wolandira alendo wokhala ndi loko sangakhale wochititsa chidwi. Zofunikira pakuwongolera kwa omwe ali ndi zida zotsekera zimanyalanyazidwa.

loko ndikothandiza kwambiri pakuwerenga-modify-write (RMW). Zomwe zimachitika powerenga-modify-write zimakhala ndi izi:

1. Host A imatsimikizira loko ndikuwerenga data ya 32-bit yomwe ili ndi magawo angapo.

2. Host Loko la zokometsera, limasintha gawo limodzi, ndikulembanso data ya 32-bit.

loko kumalepheretsa wolandila B kuti asalembe pakati pa Host A kuwerenga ndi kulemba.

Wothandizira Wothandizira

Ayi

Wothandizira amavomereza pempho ngati sangathe kuyankha a

werengani kapena lembani pempho. Amakakamiza wolandirayo kudikirira mpaka

interconnect yakonzeka kupitiriza kusamutsa. Kumayambiriro kwa

kusamutsidwa konse, wolandirayo amayambitsa kusamutsa ndikudikirira mpaka

waitrequest ndi wopanda pake. Wolandira alendo sayenera kupanga zongoganizira

za zomwe zimanena za waitrequest pomwe wolandirayo sakuchita:

waitrequest ikhoza kukhala yokwera kapena yotsika, kutengera dongosolo

katundu.

Pamene waitrequest itsimikiziridwa, ma siginecha owongolera olandila kwa wothandizira ayenera kukhala osasinthasintha kupatulapo startbursttransfer. Kuti mupeze chithunzi chanthawi yosonyeza chizindikiro choyambira kusuntha, onani chithunzi chomwe chili mu Read Bursts.

Wothandizira kukumbukira mapu a Avalon atha kunena kuti akufuna kudikirira panthawi yopanda ntchito. Wokhala ndi mapu a kukumbukira kwa Avalon atha kuyambitsa bizinesi ikafunsidwa ndikudikirira kuti chizindikirocho chiwonongeke. Kuti mupewe kutseka kwa makina, chipangizo chothandizira chikuyenera kuyitanitsa kuyitanitsa chikayimitsidwa.

Zizindikiro za Pipeline

Wothandizira Wothandizira

Ayi

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthasintha-latency, kusamutsidwa kowerengera kophatikizika. Liti

zimatsimikizira kuti chizindikiro cha readdata chili ndi deta yolondola.

Kuti muwerenge mochuluka ndi burstcount value , ndi

Readdatavalid sign iyenera kutsimikiziridwa nthawi, kamodzi kwa

chilichonse chowerengera. Payenera kukhala mkombero umodzi wa latency

pakati pa kuvomereza kuwerengedwa ndi kutsimikizira kwa

zowerengera zovomerezeka. Kuti mupeze chithunzi chanthawi yosonyeza chizindikiro chowerengeka, onani Pipelined Read Transfer with Variable Latency.

Wothandizira atha kunena kuti zowerengeka ndi zovomerezeka kuti atumize deta kwa wolandirayo mosatengera ngati wothandizirayo akuyimitsa lamulo latsopano ndi waitrequest.

Chofunikira ngati wolandirayo amathandizira kuwerenga kwapaipi. Makamu ophulika okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito akuyenera kuphatikiza chizindikiro chovomerezeka.

Wothandizira Wothandizira

Ayi

Chizindikiro chosankha. Ngati alipo, nkhani za mawonekedwe zimalemba

mayankho a kulemba malamulo.

Pamene atsimikiziridwa, mtengo pa chizindikiro choyankhira ndi yankho lovomerezeka lolemba.

Writeresponsevalid amangonena kuti koloko imodzi kapena kupitilira apo lamulo lolemba livomerezedwa. Pali pafupifupi koloko imodzi yozungulira latency kuchokera ku kuvomereza kwa lamulo mpaka kutsimikizira kwa

analemba adayankhalid.

anapitiriza…

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Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Njira Yofunika

Kufotokozera

Lamulo lolemba limatengedwa kuti ndilovomerezeka pamene kugunda komaliza kwa kuphulika kwaperekedwa kwa wothandizira ndipo waitrequest ndiyotsika. Writeresponsevalid atha kunenedwa mozungulira koloko imodzi kapena zingapo pambuyo pa kugunda komaliza kwaphulika.

kuchuluka

1 11 Wothandizira alendo

Zizindikiro Zophulika

Ayi

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akuphulika kuti awonetse kuchuluka kwa kusamutsidwa

aliyense anaphulika. Mtengo wa parameter yochuluka kwambiri

ayenera kukhala mphamvu ya 2. Kuphulika kwa mawonekedwe a m'lifupi akhoza kubisa kukula kwakukulu kwa kukula 2 ( -1). Za exampndi, 4-bit

chizindikiro cha burstcount chimatha kuthandizira kuphulika kwakukulu kwa 8.

Kuphulika kochepa ndi 1. The

constantBurstBehavior katundu amawongolera nthawi ya

chizindikiro cha kuphulika. Makamu ophulika okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito owerengera ayenera

phatikizani chizindikiro chovomerezeka.

Kwa olandira alendo ndi othandizira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a byte, zoletsa zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito pakufalikira kwa ma adilesi:

>= +
chipika2 ( )
Kwa olandira ndi othandizira omwe akugwiritsa ntchito ma adilesi a mawu, mawu a log2 pamwambapa sanatchulidwe.

kuyamba

Kulumikizana

yankha

Wothandizira

Ayi

Amanenedwa kuti ndi kuzungulira koyamba kwa kuphulika kusonyeza pamene kuphulika

kutumiza kwayamba. Chizindikirochi chimachotsedwa pakangozungulira kamodzi

mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wa waitrequest. Kwa chithunzi cha nthawi

kuwonetsa kuyambika kwakusamutsa, onani chithunzi chomwe chili mu Read

Kuphulika.

startbursttransfer ndiyosasankha. Wothandizira nthawi zonse amatha kuwerengera mkati momwe zimayambira ndikulemba kotsatira powerengera kusamutsidwa kwa data.

Chenjezo: musagwiritse ntchito chizindikirochi. Chizindikirochi chilipo kuti chithandizire zowongolera zokumbukira zakale.

3.3. Interface Properties

Table 10. Avalon-MM Interface Properties

Dzina adilesiMayunitsi

Mtengo Wofikira
Wothandizira Zizindikiro -
mawu

Makhalidwe Alamulo
mawu, zizindikiro

Kufotokozera
Imatchula ma adilesi. Chizindikiro nthawi zambiri chimakhala baiti. Onani tanthauzo la adilesi mu tebulo la Avalon Memory-Mapped Interface Signal Types kuti mugwiritse ntchito malowa.

alwaysBurstMaxBurst burstcountUnits

mawu onama

zoona, zabodza
mawu, zizindikiro

Ngati zowona, zikuwonetsa kuti wolandirayo nthawi zonse amapereka kuphulika kwautali wotalika. Kutalika kwakukulu kophulika ndi 2burstcount_width - 1. Parameter iyi ilibe mphamvu kwa Avalon-MM agent interfaces.
Katunduyu amatchula mayunitsi a chizindikiro cha burstcount. Kwa zizindikiro, mtengo wa burstcount umatanthauziridwa ngati chiwerengero cha zizindikiro (byte) pakuphulika. M'mawu, mtengo wa burstcount umatanthauziridwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mawu osamutsidwa pakuphulika.

burstOnBurstBoundariesOnly

zabodza

zoona, zabodza

Ngati ndi zoona, kusamutsidwa kophulika koperekedwa ku mawonekedwe awa kumayambira pa ma adilesi omwe ali ochulukitsa kukula kwake kophulika.
anapitiriza…

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Dzina constantBurstBehavior
holdTime(1) linewrapBursts
ma maximumPendingReadTransacti ons (1)
MaximumPendingWriteTransact ions minimumResponseLatency

Zosasinthika Zamtengo Wapatali - Wothandizira wabodza -wabodza
0 zabodza
1 (2)
0 1

Mfundo Zalamulo zoona, zabodza
0 1000 zozungulira
zoona, zabodza
1 64
1 64

Kufotokozera
Hosts: Zikakhala zoona, imalengeza kuti wolandirayo amakhala ndi maadiresi ndi kuchuluka kosalekeza panthawi yonseyi. Ngati zabodza (zosasintha), zimalengeza kuti wolandirayo amakhala ndi adilesi ndi kuchuluka kosasintha pa kugunda koyamba kwa kuphulika. Agents: Zikakhala zoona, amalengeza kuti wothandizila amayembekeza kuti maadiresi ndi kuphulika kudzachitika nthawi zonse pakaphulika. Pamene zabodza (zosakhazikika), amalengeza kuti wothandizira sampkuchepera kwa adilesi ndi kuphulika kokha pakugunda koyamba kwa kuphulika.
Imatchula nthawi muTimingUnits pakati pa kutsimikizika kwa kulemba ndi kuchotsedwa kwa adilesi ndi data. (Zimagwira ntchito polemba zochitika zokha.)
Zida zina zokumbukira zimagwiritsa ntchito kuphulika kotsekera m'malo mophulika mowonjezereka. Kuphulika kwa kukulunga kukafika pamalire ophulika, adilesiyo imabwereranso kumalire apitawo. Ndi ma bits otsika okha omwe amafunikira powerengera ma adilesi. Za example, kuphulika kwapang'onopang'ono kuti athetse 0xC ndi malire ophulika ma byte 32 aliwonse kudutsa mawonekedwe a 32-bit amalembera maadiresi awa: · 0xC · 0x10 · 0x14 · 0x18 · 0x1C · 0x0 · 0x4 · 0x8
Agents: Izi ndizomwe ziwerengero zowerengeka zomwe wothandizila angathe kuziyika pamzere. Mtengo uyenera kukhala wopanda ziro kwa wothandizira aliyense wokhala ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka.
Onani ku Pipelined Read Transfer with Variable Latency kuti mupeze chithunzi cha nthawi chomwe chikuwonetsa malowa komanso kuti mudziwe zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito waitrequest ndi readdatavalid yokhala ndi zowerengeka zingapo.
Othandizira: Katunduyu ndiye kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe wolandirayo atha kupanga.
Zindikirani: Osayika chizindikiro ichi ku 0. (Kuti mugwirizane ndi kumbuyo, pulogalamuyo imathandizira kuyika kwa parameter ya 0. Komabe, musagwiritse ntchito izi muzojambula zatsopano).
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha omwe sanatumizidwe amalemba kuti wothandizira angavomereze kapena wolandirayo angapereke. Wothandizira amatsimikizira kuti wodikirayo akangofika pamenepa, ndipo wolandirayo amasiya kupereka malamulo. Mtengo wokhazikika ndi 0, womwe umalola kusungitsa zolembera mopanda malire kwa wolandira omwe amathandizira kuyankha. Wothandizira amene amathandizira polemba mayankho akuyenera kuyika izi kukhala mtengo wosakhala ziro.
Pamalo olumikizirana omwe amathandizira readdatavalid kapena writeresponsevalid, imatchula kuchuluka kwa mizere pakati pa kuwerenga kapena kulemba ndikuyankha kulamulo.
anapitiriza…

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Name readKuchedwa(1) readWaitTime(1) setupTime(1) timingUnits(1) waitrequestAllowance
writeWaitTime(1)
zogwirizanaClock

Mtengo Wofikira

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

0 63

Werengani latency kwa othandizira a Avalon-MM osakhazikika. Za a

chojambula cha nthawi chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito latency yokhazikika, tchulani

Ma Pipelined Read Transfer okhala ndi Fixed Latency.

Othandizira a Avalon-MM omwe ali okhazikika a latency ayenera kupereka mtengo wamawonekedwe awa. Avalon-MM othandizira

omwe ali osinthika a latency amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chowerengera kuti afotokoze zovomerezeka.

0 1000 Pamawonekedwe omwe sagwiritsa ntchito waitrequest

mikombero

chizindikiro. readWaitTime ikuwonetsa nthawi yolowera

timingUnits wothandizila asanavomereze kuwerenga

lamula. Nthawiyo imakhala ngati wothandizira wanena

waitrequest for readWaitTime cycles.

0 1000 Imatchula nthawi mu mayunitsi anthawi pakati pa zonena

mikombero

adiresi ndi deta ndi chitsimikiziro cha kuwerenga kapena kulemba.

mikombero

mayendedwe,
nanosecond s

Imatchula mayunitsi a setupTime, holdTime,
LembaniWaitTime ndi readWaitTime. Gwiritsani ntchito zozungulira pazida zofananira ndi ma nanoseconds pazida za asynchronous. Pafupifupi zida zonse za Avalon-MM ndizogwirizana.
Chigawo cha Avalon-MM chomwe chimachokera ku mawonekedwe a AvalonMM kupita ku chipangizo chopanda chip chikhoza kukhala chofanana. Chipangizo chopanda chip chikhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika yosinthira basi.

Imatchula kuchuluka kwa kusamutsidwa komwe kungaperekedwe kapena

kuvomerezedwa pambuyo poti waitrequest yatsimikiziridwa.

Pamene waitrequestAllowance ndi 0, lembani,
werengani ndi kudikira ma signature amasunga machitidwe awo omwe alipo monga momwe tafotokozera patebulo la Avalon-MM Signal Roles.

Pamene waitrequestAllowance ndi yaikulu kuposa 0, nthawi iliyonse yolemba kapena kuwerenga imawerengedwa ngati kutumiza kwa lamulo. Kamodzi waitrequest ikatsimikizidwa, kokha waitrequestAllowance kusamutsidwa kwamalamulo ambiri kumakhala kovomerezeka pomwe waitrequest ikadali yotsimikizika. Pambuyo pa waitrequestAllowance, kulemba ndi kuwerenga kuyenera kukhala kopanda tanthauzo malinga ngati waitrequest yatsimikiziridwa.

Kamodzi waitrequestdeasserts, kusamutsa kumatha kuyambiranso nthawi iliyonse popanda zoletsa mpaka waitrequest anenenso. Pakadali pano, waitrequestAllowance kusamutsidwa kwina kutha kutha pomwe woyembekezera akadali wotsimikiza.

0 1000 Pamawonekedwe omwe sagwiritsa ntchito waitrequest

Zozungulira

chizindikiro, writeWaitTime imatchula nthawi

timingUnits wothandizila asanavomereze kulemba. The

nthawi imakhala ngati wothandizira akufuna kuti apemphere kwa ma cycles writeWaitTime kapena nanoseconds.

Kuti mupeze chithunzi chanthawi chomwe chikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kulembaWaitTime, onani ku Read and Write Transfers with Fixed Wait-States.

Mawonekedwe a Chiyanjano cha Interface

N / A

Dzina la mawonekedwe a wotchi yomwe Avalon-MM iyi

mawonekedwe ndi synchronous.

anapitiriza…

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Dzina

Mtengo Wofikira

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

zogwirizanaBwezerani

N / A

Dzina la mawonekedwe okonzanso omwe amakhazikitsanso logic

mawonekedwe awa a Avalon-MM.

bridgesToHost

Avalon-MM Mlatho wa Avalon-MM uli ndi wothandizira komanso wolandira,

Dzina la wolandila ndipo ali ndi malo ofikira kwa wothandizira

kupempha mabayiti kapena ma byte kumayambitsa zomwezo kapena

yemweyo

ma byte omwe adzafunsidwe ndi wolandirayo. The Avalon-MM

chigawo cha Pipeline Bridge mu gawo la Platform Designer

Library imagwiritsa ntchito izi.

Ndemanga:
1. Ngakhale kuti katunduyu ali ndi chipangizo cha ma agent, eni ake akhoza kulengeza za katunduyu kuti athe kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa zolumikizira zofananira ndi wolandila.
2. Ngati mawonekedwe a wothandizira avomereza kusamutsidwa kowerengeka kuposa kuloledwa, kulumikizana komwe kukudikirira kuwerengedwa FIFO ikhoza kusefukira ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Wothandizira atha kutaya zowerengera kapena njira yowerengera kupita ku mawonekedwe olakwika. Kapena, dongosolo likhoza kutsekedwa. Mawonekedwe a wothandizira ayenera kunena kuti waitrequest kuti asasefukire.

Zowonjezera Zina · Avalon Memory Mapped Interface Signal Maudindo patsamba 14 · Werengani ndi kulemba Mayankho patsamba 34 · Pipelined Read Transfer with Variable Latency on page 28 · Pipelined Read Transfers with Fixed Latency on page 29 · Werengani ndi kulemba Mayankho
Mu Upangiri Wogwiritsa Ntchito Platform: Intel Quartus® Prime Pro Edition

3.4. Nthawi
Mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM ndi ofanana. Mawonekedwe aliwonse a Avalon-MM amalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a wotchi yolumikizidwa. Zizindikiro zitha kukhala zophatikizika ngati zimayendetsedwa kuchokera ku zotuluka zamakaundula zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha wotchi. Izi sizikulamula kuti mawotchi asintha bwanji kapena liti. Zithunzi za nthawi zilibe chidziwitso cha nthawi yabwino.

3.5. Kusamutsa
Chigawochi chikufotokozera mfundo ziwiri zofunika tisanatchule mitundu yosinthira:
· Transfer-Kutumiza ndi ntchito yowerenga kapena kulemba ya liwu kapena chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo za data. Kusamutsa kumachitika pakati pa mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM ndi cholumikizira. Kusamutsa kumatenga koloko imodzi kapena zingapo kuti amalize.
Onse olandira ndi othandizira ndi gawo la kusamutsa. Wothandizira Avalon-MM amayambitsa kusamutsa ndipo wothandizira wa Avalon-MM akuyankha.
· Ma Host-Agent awiri-Mawuwa akutanthauza mawonekedwe a Host ndi mawonekedwe omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kusamutsa. Posamutsa, kuwongolera mawonekedwe a wolandila ndi zizindikilo za data zimadutsa munsalu yolumikizirana ndikulumikizana ndi mawonekedwe a wothandizira.

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3.5.1. Kusamutsidwa Kwanthawi Zonse Kuwerenga ndi Kulemba

Gawoli likufotokoza mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM omwe amathandizira kuwerenga ndi kulemba kusamutsidwa ndi woyembekezera wolamulidwa ndi wothandizira. Wothandizira atha kuyimitsa kulumikizana kwa mizere yambiri momwe amafunira potsimikizira chizindikiro cha waitrequest. Ngati wothandizira akugwiritsa ntchito waitrequest kuti awerenge kapena kulemba, wothandizila ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito waitrequest kwa onse awiri.

Wothandizira nthawi zambiri amalandira ma adilesi, ochepera, kuwerenga kapena kulemba, ndi kulemba data ikakwera koloko. Wothandizira amatsimikizira kuti wodikirayo asanafike m'mphepete mwa wotchi yokwera kuti asiye kusamutsa. Pamene wothandizira anena kuti waitrequest, kusamutsa kumachedwa. Pomwe waitrequest imatsimikiziridwa, adilesi ndi ma siginecha ena owongolera amakhala osasintha. Kusamutsa wathunthu pa kukwera m'mphepete woyamba clk pambuyo wothandizira mawonekedwe desserts waitrequest.
Palibe malire a kutalika kwa mawonekedwe a wothandizira angayime. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe a wothandizira sakutsimikizirani kuti waitrequest mpaka kalekale. Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kowerengera ndi kulemba pogwiritsa ntchito waitrequest.

Zindikirani:

waitrequest ikhoza kuchotsedwa pazidziwitso zowerengera ndi kulemba. waitrequest ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa panthawi yopanda ntchito. Wolandira Avalon-MM atha kuyambitsa bizinesi ikafunsidwa ndikudikirira kuti chizindikirocho chiwonongeke. Kuchotsa pempho la wodikira kuchokera ku zopempha zowerenga ndi kulemba kungawongolere nthawi. Kudulira kumachotsa kulumikizana kophatikizana kuphatikiza kuwerenga, kulemba, ndi ma sign a waitrequest. Ngati pakufunikanso kulumikizanso kwina, gwiritsani ntchito waitrequestAllowance katundu. waitrequestAllowance ikupezeka kuyambira ndi Quartus® Prime Pro v17.1 Stratix® 10 ES Editions kutulutsidwa.

Chithunzi 7.

Werengani ndi kulemba Zosamutsa ndi Waitrequest

clk

adilesi

byteenable

werengani kulemba waitrequest readdata

readdata

kuyankha

kulembadata

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Manambala omwe ali m'chithunzi cha nthawi iyi, alemba masinthidwe otsatirawa: 1. adilesi, yocheperako, ndi yowerengedwa imatsimikiziridwa pambuyo pokwera m'mphepete mwa clk. The
wothandizila akunenetsa waitrequest, kuletsa kusamutsa. 2. waitrequest ndi sampLed. Chifukwa waitrequest imatsimikiziridwa, kuzungulira kumakhala
kudikirira-state. adiresi, kuwerenga, kulemba, ndi byteenable kukhala mosalekeza. 3. Wothandizira desserts waitrequest pambuyo kukwera m'mphepete mwa clk. Wothandizirayo akutero
readdata ndi mayankho. 4. Wolandira samples readdata, response and deasserted waitrequest
kumaliza kusamutsa. 5. adiresi, kulemba data, byteenable, ndi kulemba zizindikiro ananenetsa pambuyo
kuchuluka kwa clk. Wothandizirayo akuti waitrequest ikuletsa kusamutsa. 6. Wothandizira desserts waitrequest pambuyo kukwera m'mphepete mwa clk. 7. Wothandizira amajambula zolemba zomwe zimathetsa kusamutsa.

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3.5.2. Kusamutsa Pogwiritsa Ntchito WaitrequestAllowance Property

Katundu wa waitrequestAllowance amatchula kuchuluka kwa kusamutsidwa komwe wolandila wa AvalonMM angapereke kapena wothandizira wa Avalon-MM ayenera kuvomereza chizindikiro chodikirira chikatsimikiziridwa. waitrequestAllowance ikupezeka kuyambira ndi pulogalamu ya Intel Quartus Prime 17.1.
Mtengo wosasinthika wa waitrequestAllowance ndi 0, womwe umagwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Zosintha Zongowerenga ndi Kulemba, pomwe zonena za waitrequest zimayimitsa kusamutsa komweku kuperekedwa kapena kuvomerezedwa.
Wothandizira wa Avalon-MM wokhala ndi waitrequestAllowance wamkulu kuposa 0 angafune kuyitanitsa ngati chotchingira chake chamkati chimangovomera zolemba zambiri za waitrequestAllowance musanadzale. Avalon-MM omwe ali ndi waitrequestAllowance wamkulu kuposa 0 ali ndi waitrequestAllowance mikombero yowonjezerapo kuti asiye kutumiza, zomwe zimalola kuti mapaipi ambiri azitsatira. Wolandirayo ayenera kutsitsa chizindikiro chowerengera kapena kulemba pamene chilolezo chodikirira chatha.
Makhalidwe a waitrequestAllowance wamkulu kuposa 0 amathandizira mapangidwe othamanga kwambiri pomwe mitundu yaposachedwa yakumbuyo imatha kupangitsa kutsika kwa ma frequency opareshoni (FMAX) nthawi zambiri chifukwa chamalingaliro ophatikizika panjira yowongolera. Wothandizira Avalon-MM akuyenera kuthandizira nthawi zonse zomwe zingatheke kusamutsidwa zomwe zili zovomerezeka pa mtengo wake wa waitrequestAllowance. Za example, wothandizira wokhala ndi waitrequestAllowance = 2 akuyenera kuvomereza ma waveforms aliwonse omwe akuwonetsedwa muzotsatira zotsatiraziamples.

Zambiri Zofananira Zomwe Mumawerenga ndi Kulemba patsamba 21

3.5.2.1. waitrequestAllowance Equals Awiri
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa nthawi ya wolandila Avalon-MM yemwe ali ndi mawotchi awiri kuti ayambe ndikusiya kutumiza pambuyo poti wothandizira wa Avalon-MM watsikira kapena kutsimikizira kudikira, motsatana.

Chithunzi 8. Wolandira alemba: waitrequestAllowance Equals Awiri Clock Cycles

1 2

3 4

koloko

lembani

waitrequest

zambiri [7:0]

A0 A1 A2

A3 A4

B0 B1

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Zolemba pachithunzichi zikuwonetsa zochitika izi:
1. The Avalon-MM> khamu amayendetsa kulemba ndi deta.
2. The Avalon-MM> wothandizira amatsimikizira waitrequest. Chifukwa waitrequestAllowance ndi 2, wolandirayo amatha kumaliza kusamutsa kwa data 2 kowonjezera.
3. Zakudya zokometsera zokometsera zilemba monga zikufunikira chifukwa wothandizira akutsimikizira kuti akufuna kudikira kachitatu.
4. The Avalon-MM> khamu abulusa kulemba ndi deta. Wothandizirayo sakutsimikizira kuti akufuna kudikira. Zolemba zonse.
5. Avalon host host imayendetsa kulemba ndi deta ngakhale wothandizira akutsimikizira waitrequest. Chifukwa waitrequestAllowance ndi mizere iwiri, kulemba kumamaliza.
6. Avalon khamu amayendetsa kulemba ndi deta. Wothandizirayo sakutsimikizira kuti akufuna kudikira. Kulemba kumamaliza.

3.5.2.2. waitrequestAllowance Equals One
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa nthawi ya wolandila Avalon-MM yemwe ali ndi koloko imodzi kuti ayambe ndikusiya kutumiza anthu pambuyo poti wothandizila wa Avalon-MM watsikira kapena kutsimikizira waitrequest, motsatana:
Chithunzi 9. Host Lembani: waitrequestAllowance Imafanana ndi Wotchi Imodzi Yozungulira

1 clk

23 4

6 7

lembani

waitrequest

zambiri [7:0]

A0 A1 A2

A3 A4

B1 B2

Nambala zomwe zili pachithunzichi zikuwonetsa zochitika izi:
1. Avalon-MM host host imayendetsa kulemba ndi deta.
2. Wothandizira wa Avalon-MM amatsimikizira kudikira. Chifukwa waitrequestAllowance ndi 1, wolandirayo akhoza kumaliza kulemba.
3. Zophika zophika zokhala ndi alendo zimalemba chifukwa wothandizira akufuna kuti abwerenso kachiwiri.
4. Avalon-MM khamu amayendetsa kulemba ndi deta. Wothandizirayo sakutsimikizira kuti akufuna kudikira. Zolemba zonse.
5. Wothandizira akunenetsa pempho lodikira. Chifukwa waitrequestAllowance ndi kuzungulira kwa 1, kulemba kumamaliza.

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6. Avalon-MM khamu abulusa kulemba ndi deta. Wothandizira sakutsimikizira kuti akufuna kudikira. Kulemba kumamaliza.
7. Wothandizira wa Avalon-MM amatsimikizira kudikira. Chifukwa waitrequestAllowance ndi 1, wolandirayo akhoza kumaliza kusamutsa deta kumodzi.
8. Avalon khamu amayendetsa kulemba ndi deta. Wothandizirayo sakutsimikizira kuti akufuna kudikira. Kulemba kumamaliza.

3.5.2.3. waitrequestAllowance Equals Awiri - Osavomerezeka

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa nthawi ya wolandila Avalon-MM> yemwe angatumize kusamutsidwa kuwiri pambuyo pofunsidwa.

Nthawiyi ndiyovomerezeka, koma yosavomerezeka. Mu exampndi wolandirayo amawerengera kuchuluka kwa zochitika m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwa mawotchi ozungulira. Njirayi imafuna chowerengera chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kukhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kungakhudze kutsekedwa kwa nthawi.
Pamene wolandirayo adziwa nthawi yoyendetsa malonda ndi chizindikiro chodikirira ndi kuchuluka kwa mikombero, wolandirayo amayamba kapena kuyimitsa malonda kutengera siginecha yolembetsedwa.

Chithunzi 10. waitrequestAllowance Imafanana ndi Kusamutsa Awiri

1 23 nsi

lembani

waitrequest

deta

Nambala zomwe zili pachithunzichi zikuwonetsa zochitika zotsatirazi: 1. Avalon-MM> olandira alendo amanena kuti amalemba ndikuyendetsa deta.
2. The Avalon-MM> wothandizira amatsimikizira waitrequest.
3. The Avalon-MM> khamu abulusa kulemba ndi deta. Chifukwa waitrequestAllowance ndi 2, wolandirayo amayendetsa deta m'mizere iwiri yotsatizana.
4. Avalon-MM> okonda zakudya amalemba chifukwa wolandirayo wawononga 2-transfer waitrequestAllowance.
5. The Avalon-MM> host host amatulutsa kulemba mwamsanga waitrequest yatsitsidwa.
6. The Avalon-MM> khamu amayendetsa kulemba ndi deta. Wothandizirayo akutsimikizira kuti odikira nthawi imodzi.
7. Poyankha pempho la waitrequest, wolandira Avalon-MM> amakhala ndi deta ya 2 cycle.

3.5.2.4. waitrequestAllowance Kugwirizana kwa Avalon-MM Host ndi Agent Interfaces
Avalon-MM makamu ndi othandizira omwe amathandizira kutsitsimuka kwa chizindikiro cha waitrequest. Olandira omwe ali ndi backpressure amatha kulumikizana ndi othandizira popanda kupsinjika. Othandizira opanda backpressure sangathe kulumikizana ndi othandizira omwe ali ndi backpressure.

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Table 11. waitrequestAllowance Compatibility for Avalon-MM Hosts and Agents

Host ndi Agent waitrequestAllowance

Kugwirizana

host = 0 wothandizira = 0
host = 0 wothandizira> 0

Imatsatira malamulo ofananira omwewo monga mawonekedwe amtundu wa Avalon-MM.
Kulumikizana mwachindunji sikutheka. Kusintha kosavuta kumafunikira ngati wolandira alendo ali ndi chizindikiro chodikirira. Kulumikizana sikutheka ngati wolandirayo sakugwirizana ndi chizindikiro cha waitrequest.

host> 0 wothandizira = 0
host> 0 wothandizira> 0

Kulumikizana mwachindunji sikutheka. Kusintha (ma buffers) kumafunika mukalumikizana ndi wothandizira ndi chizindikiro cha waitrequest kapena malo odikirira okhazikika.
Palibe kusintha komwe kumafunikira ngati chilolezo cha wolandirayo <= chiwongolero cha wothandizira. Ngati chilolezo cha wolandila <chilolezo cha wothandizira, zolembera zamapaipi zitha kuyikidwa. Pamalumikizidwe akumalo-to-point, mutha kuwonjezera zolembetsa zamapaipi pazizindikiro zamalamulo kapena ma sign a waitrequest. Mpaka regista stages akhoza kuikidwa kumene ndiye kusiyana pakati pa ma allowance. Kulumikiza wolandira alendo ndi waitrequestAllowance yapamwamba kuposa wothandizira kumafuna buffer.

3.5.2.5. waitrequestAllowance Error Conditions
Khalidwe silingadziwike ngati mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM akuphwanya malamulo a waitrequest allowance.
· Ngati wolandirayo akuphwanya waitrequestAllowance = mafotokozedwe potumiza zambiri kuposa kusamutsa, kusamutsa kutha kugwetsedwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa data kungachitike.
· Ngati wothandizira amatsatsa waitrequestAllowance yokulirapo kuposa momwe angathere, kusamutsidwa kwina kutha kuthetsedwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa data kungachitike.
3.5.3. Werengani ndi kulemba Zosamutsidwa ndi Fixed Wait-States
Wothandizira atha kutchula nthawi zodikirira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu za readWaitTime ndi writeWaitTime. Kugwiritsa ntchito zodikira zokhazikika ndi njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito waitrequest kuletsa kusamutsa. Ma adilesi ndi ma siginecha owongolera (otheka, owerenga, ndi kulemba) amakhala osasunthika panthawi yonseyi. Kukhazikitsa readWaitTime kapena writeWaitTime to zikufanana ndi kutsimikizira waitrequest for mayendedwe pa kusamutsa.
Pachithunzi chotsatira, wothandizirayo ali ndi writeWaitTime = 2 ndi readWaitTime = 1.

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Chithunzi 11.

Werengani ndi kulemba Kusamutsa ndi Fixed Wait-States pa Agent Interface

clk

adilesi

byteenable

werengani

lembani readdata response writedata

readdata yankho

kulembadata

Manambala omwe ali mu chithunzi cha nthawi iyi amawonetsa masinthidwe awa:
1. Wolandirayo amatsimikizira adilesi ndikuwerenga pamphepete mwa clk.
2. Mphepete yotsatira ya clk imasonyeza kutha kwa ulendo woyamba komanso wokhawo woyembekezera. The readWaitTime ndi 1.
3. Wothandizira amatsimikizira kuwerenga ndi kuyankha pamphepete mwa clk. Kusintha kowerenga kumatha.
4. writedata, adilesi, byteenable, ndi kulemba zizindikiro zilipo kwa wothandizira.
5. Kusintha kolemba kumatha pakadutsa maulendo awiri akudikirira.
Kusamutsidwa kokhala ndi nthawi yodikirira kamodzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama peripherals a multicycle off-chip. Zotumphukira zimajambula ma adilesi ndizizindikiro zowongolera pamphepete mwa clk. Zotumphukira zimakhala ndi kuzungulira kwathunthu kubweza deta.
Zigawo zokhala ndi zero zodikirira zimaloledwa. Komabe, zigawo zomwe zili ndi zero waitstates zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka komwe kungapezeke. Ziro zodikirira zimafuna kuti gawoli lipereke yankho munthawi yomweyo yomwe pempholo lidaperekedwa.

3.5.4. Kutumiza Kwapaipi
Kusamutsidwa kwamapaipi a Avalon-MM kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zida zofananira zomwe zimafunikira mikombero zingapo kuti zibweze deta kuti zifike koyamba. Zida zotere zimatha kubweza mtengo umodzi wa data pakanthawi kochepa. Kusamutsa kwatsopano komwe kumawerengedwa kumatha kuyambika data isanabwererenso.
Kutumiza kowerengedwa kwa mapaipi kumakhala ndi gawo la adilesi ndi gawo la data. Wolandira amayambitsa kusamutsa mwakuwonetsa adilesi panthawi ya adilesi. Wothandizira amakwaniritsa kusamutsa popereka deta panthawi ya data. Gawo la adilesi la kusamutsa kwatsopano (kapena kusamutsa kangapo) likhoza kuyamba gawo la data la kusamutsa kwam'mbuyo lisanathe. Kuchedwako kumatchedwa pipeline latency. The pipeline latency ndi nthawi yochokera kumapeto kwa gawo la adiresi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa gawo la deta.

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Kusamutsa nthawi yodikirira ndi kuchedwa kwa mapaipi ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kotsatiraku:
· Wait-states-Wait-states zimatsimikizira kutalika kwa gawo la adilesi. Kudikirira kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa madoko. Ngati wothandizira akufuna kudikirira kuti ayankhe pempho losamutsa, doko limafuna mawotchi awiri pakusintha.
· Pipeline Latency–Pipeline latency imatsimikizira nthawi mpaka deta ibwezedwe popanda gawo la adilesi. Wothandizira mapaipi opanda malo odikirira amatha kusamutsa kamodzi pakazungulira. Komabe, wothandizira angafunike maulendo angapo a latency kuti abwezeretse gawo loyamba la deta.
Kudikirira ndi kuwerengeka kwapaipi kumatha kuthandizidwa panthawi imodzi. Pipeline latency ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika kapena yosinthika.

3.5.4.1. Kutumiza kwa Pipelined Read ndi Variable Latency
Pambuyo pojambula ma adilesi ndi ma sign owongolera, wothandizira mapaipi a Avalon-MM amatenga chizungulire chimodzi kapena zingapo kuti apange deta. Wopereka mapaipi amatha kukhala ndi zosintha zingapo zomwe zikudikirira kuti awerenge nthawi iliyonse.
Kusintha kwamapaipi owerengera osinthika:
· Amafuna chizindikiro chimodzi chowonjezera, chowerengera, chomwe chimawonetsa kuti data yowerenga ndiyovomerezeka.
· Phatikizaninso ma sign omwewo monga kusamutsidwa kosawerengeka kopanda mapaipi.
M'mapaipi owerengeka osinthika, zotumphukira za Agent zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito readdatavalid zimatengedwa ngati mapaipi okhala ndi latency yosinthika. Zizindikiro zowerengera ndi zowerengeka zofananira ndi lamulo lowerengera zitha kutsimikiziridwa mozungulira pambuyo poti lamulo lowerengera litsitsidwe, koyambirira.
Wothandizira ayenera kubweza readdata mu dongosolo lomwelo kuti malamulo owerengedwa amavomerezedwa. Madoko okhala ndi mapaipi okhala ndi latency yosinthika ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito waitrequest. Wothandizira atha kunena kuti akufuna kuti asamuke kuti asamutsidwe kuti asunge nambala yovomerezeka yodikirira kusamutsidwa. Wothandizira atha kunena kuti zowerengeka ndi zovomerezeka kuti atumize deta kwa wolandirayo mosatengera ngati wothandizirayo akuyimitsa lamulo latsopano ndi waitrequest.

Zindikirani:

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha kusamutsidwa komwe kukudikirira ndi katundu wa mawonekedwe a wothandizira. Nsalu yolumikizirana imapanga malingaliro kuti azitha kuwerengera omvera omwe akugwiritsa ntchito nambalayi. Mawonekedwe a wothandizira, osati nsalu yolumikizira, ikuyenera kutsatira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Wothandizira ayenera kutsimikizira waitrequest kuti aletse kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kupitilira kuchuluka kwake. Ngati wothandizira ali ndi waitrequestAllowance> 0, wothandizila ayenera kunena kuti waitrequest nthawi yayitali kuti zonse zomwe zikudikirira kusamutsidwa, kuphatikiza zomwe zimalandilidwa pomwe pempho likutsimikiziridwa, zisapyole kuchuluka kwazomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kusamutsidwa.

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Chithunzi 12.

Ma Pipelined Read Transfer okhala ndi Variable Latency

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kwa ma agent angapo. Wothandizirayo ali ndi mapaipi okhala ndi latency yosinthika. Pachiwerengerochi, wothandizira akhoza kuvomereza kusamutsidwa kopitilira ziwiri zomwe zikudikirira. Wothandizira amagwiritsa ntchito waitrequest kuti asapitirire kuchuluka kumeneku.

clk

adilesi

onjeza1

onjeza2

onjeza3

onjeza4

onjeza5

werengani

waitrequest

readdata yowerengera ndiyovomerezeka

data 1

data2

data 3

data4

data5

Manambala omwe ali mu chithunzi cha nthawi iyi, chongani masinthidwe awa:
1. Wolandirayo amatsimikizira adilesi ndikuwerenga, ndikuyambitsa kutumiza.
2. Wothandizira agwira addr1.
3. Wothandizira agwira addr2.
4. Wothandizira amatsimikizira kuti woyembekezera chifukwa wothandizira wavomereza kale zowerengeka ziwiri zomwe zikudikirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusamutsidwa kwachitatu kuyimitsidwa.
5. Wothandizira amatsimikizira data1, yankho ku addr1. Wothandizira zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
6. Wothandizira agwira addr3. Kulumikizana kumagwira data1.
7. Wothandizira agwira addr4. Kulumikizana kumagwira data2.
8. Wothandizira amayendetsa zowerengera zovomerezeka ndi zowerengera poyankha kusamutsidwa kwachitatu kowerenga.
9. Wothandizira agwira addr5. Kulumikizana kumagwira data3. Chizindikiro chowerengedwa chimachotsedwa. Mtengo wa waitrequest sulinso wofunikira.
10. Kulumikizana kumagwira data4.
11. Wothandizira amayendetsa data5 ndikutsimikizira kuti ndi yovomerezeka kuti akwaniritse gawo la data podikirira kusamutsidwa komaliza.
Ngati wothandizila sangathe kukwanitsa kulemba pamene akukonzekera kudikirira kusamutsidwa kwa kuwerenga, wothandizirayo ayenera kunena kuti waitrequest ndikuyimitsa ntchito yolembayo mpaka kudikira kumalizidwa. Mafotokozedwe a Avalon-MM samatanthawuza kufunikira kwa kuwerenga data ngati wothandizira avomereza kutumiza ku adilesi yomweyi yomwe ikudikirira kusamutsa kuwerenga.
3.5.4.2. Ma Pipelined Read Transfer okhala ndi Fixed Latency
Gawo la adilesi la kusamutsidwa kowerengeka kwa latency ndikufanana ndi vuto losinthika la latency. Pambuyo pa gawo la adilesi, payipi yokhala ndi nthawi yowerengera yokhazikika imatenga nthawi yokhazikika ya mawotchi kuti ibweze zowerengera zovomerezeka. The readLatency katundu amatchula kuchuluka kwa mawotchi obwereza kuti abwezere zowerengera zovomerezeka. The interconnect imajambula readdata pamphepete mwawotchi yoyenera, kutsiriza gawo la deta.

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Pa gawo la adilesi, mutha kunena kuti waitrequest kuti asiye kusamutsa. Kapena, imatchulanso readLatency pa chiwerengero chokhazikika cha kudikirira. Gawo la adilesi limatha pamzere wotsatira wa clk pambuyo podikirira, ngati alipo.

Pa gawo la data, ma drive amawerengedwa pambuyo pa latency yokhazikika. Kuti muwerenge latency ya , ayenera kupereka zowerengera zovomerezeka pa kukwera m'mphepete mwa clk kumapeto kwa gawo la adilesi.

Chithunzi 13.

Pipelined Read Transfer with Fixed Latency of Two Cycles

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kwa data kangapo pakati pa wolandira ndi mapaipi. Ma drive waitrequest kuti ayimitse kusamutsidwa ndipo ali ndi nthawi yowerengera yokhazikika ya 2 cycle.

clk

adilesi

onjeza1

adr2 adr3

werengani

waitrequest

readdata

data1

2 data3

Manambala omwe ali mu chithunzi cha nthawi iyi, sonyezani masinthidwe awa: 1. Wolandira alendo amayambitsa kusamutsa kowerengera potsimikizira kuti werengani ndi addr1. 2. The amafuna waitrequest kusiya kusamutsa kwa mkombero umodzi. 3. The analanda addr1 pa kukwera m'mphepete mwa clk. Gawo la adilesi likuthera apa. 4. Imapereka zowerengera zovomerezeka pambuyo pa 2, kutha kusamutsa. 5. addr2 ndi kuwerenga ndi ananenetsa kwa latsopano kuwerenga kutengerapo. 6. Wolandirayo amayambitsa kusamutsidwa kwachitatu kowerengera panthawi yotsatira, deta isanachitike
kusamutsidwa koyambirira kwabwezedwa.

3.5.5. Burst Transfer
Kuphulika kumagwiritsa ntchito kusamutsidwa kangapo ngati gawo, m'malo mochita liwu lililonse palokha. Kuphulika kumatha kukulitsa kutulutsa kwa madoko omwe amakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri pogwira mawu angapo nthawi imodzi, monga SDRAM. Zotsatira za kuphulika ndikutseka kukangana kwa nthawi yonse ya kuphulika. Mawonekedwe ophulika a Avalon-MM omwe amathandizira kuwerenga ndi kulemba zonse ayenera kuthandizira kuwerenga ndi kulemba kuphulika.
Kuphulika kwa mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM kumaphatikizapo chizindikiro chotuluka. Ngati wothandizira ali ndi cholowa cha burstcount, wothandizira amatha kuphulika.
Chizindikiro cha burstcount chimachita motere:
· Kumayambiriro kwa kuphulika, burstcount ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa kusamutsidwa motsatizana pakuphulika.
· Kwa m'lifupi Kuphulika kwakukulu, kutalika kwapakati ndi 2 ( -1).Utali wocheperako walamulo ndi umodzi.

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Pofuna kuthandizira kuphulika kwa wothandizira, wothandizira ayeneranso kuthandizira:
· Dikirani mayiko okhala ndi chizindikiro cha waitrequest.
· Kusamutsidwa kwamapaipi okhala ndi latency yosinthika yokhala ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka.
Kumayambiriro kwa kuphulika, wothandizira amawona adiresi ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwa burstcount. Pakuphulika kwa adilesi ndi mtengo wophulika wa , wothandizira ayenera kusamutsa motsatizana kuyambira pa adilesi . Kuphulika kumatsirizika wothandizira atalandira (kulemba) kapena kubwerera (kuwerenga). mawu a data. Wophulitsa amayenera kujambula maadiresi ndi kuphulika kamodzi kokha pakuphulika kulikonse. Lingaliro la wothandizira liyenera kufotokozera adilesi ya onse kupatula kusamutsidwa koyamba pakuphulika. Wothandizira atha kugwiritsanso ntchito chizindikiro cholowetsa startbursttransfer, chomwe cholumikizira chimatsimikizira pa kuzungulira koyamba pakuphulika kulikonse.
3.5.5.1. Lembani Bursts
Malamulowa amagwira ntchito pamene kuphulika kwalemba kumayamba ndi kuphulika kwakukulu kuposa chimodzi:
· Pamene kuphulika kwa imaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa kuphulika, wothandizira ayenera kuvomereza mayunitsi otsatizana a writedata kuti amalize kuphulika. Kusagwirizana pakati pa awiriwo operekera alendo kumakhalabe kotsekedwa mpaka kuphulika kutha. Chotsekerachi chimatsimikizira kuti palibe wolandira wina yemwe angagwire ntchito kwa wothandizirayo mpaka kulemba kumalizidwa.
· Wothandizira ayenera kungojambula zolemba zolembedwa polemba zomwe akunena. Pakuphulika, wolandirayo amatha kulemba zolemba zosonyeza kuti kulemba data ndi kolakwika. Deasserting kulemba sikuthetsa kuphulika. Kulembako kumachepetsa kuphulika ndipo palibe wolandira wina yemwe angapeze wothandizira, kuchepetsa kusamutsa bwino.
· Wothandizira achedwetsa kusamutsidwa ponena kuti waitrequest akukakamiza kulemba data, kulemba, kuwerengetsera, ndi kutheka kuti zisungidwe nthawi zonse.
· Magwiridwe a siginecha yocheperako ndi yofanana kwa othandizira ophulika komanso osaphulika. Kwa 32-bit host host mophulika-kulemba kwa 64-bit wothandizira, kuyambira pa byte adilesi 4, kulemba koyamba kuwonedwa ndi wothandizira kuli pa adilesi yake 0, ndi byteenable = 8'b11110000. Osachepera amatha kusintha mawu osiyanasiyana akuphulika.
· Zizindikiro zodziwikiratu siziyenera kunenedwa zonse. Munthu wophulika akulemba mawu ochepa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chodziwika kuti adziwe zomwe zikulembedwa.
· Kulemba ndi ma siginecha otheka kukhala ma 0 onse amangoperekedwa kwa wothandizira wa AvalonMM ngati zochitika zovomerezeka.
· The constantBurstBehavior katundu imatchula khalidwe la zizindikiro zaphulika.
- Pamene constantBurstBehavior ndi zoona kwa wolandira alendo, wolandirayo amakhala ndi ma adilesi ndi kuphulika kokhazikika pakaphulika. Ngati ndi zoona kwa wothandizira, constantBurstBehavior amalengeza kuti wothandizirayo akuyembekeza kuti adilesi ndi kuphulika kuzikhala kokhazikika pakaphulika.
- Pamene constantBurstBehavior ndi zabodza, wolandirayo amakhala ndi adilesi ndi burstcount stable pokhapokha pakuchita koyamba kwa kuphulika. Pamene constantBurstBehavior ndi zabodza, wothandizira sampma adilesi ochepera ndi kuphulika kokha pakuchita koyamba kwa kuphulika.

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Chithunzi 14.

Lembani Burst ndi constantBurstBehavior Yakhazikitsidwa ku Bodza kwa Host ndi Wothandizira

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa wothandizila kulemba kuphulika kwautali 4. Mu chitsanzo ichiampLero, wothandizirayo akuti waitrequest kawiri kuchedwetsa kuphulika.

clk

adilesi

onjeza1

kuyambabursttransfer

kuchuluka

lembani

kulembadata

data1

data2

data3

data4

waitrequest

Manambala omwe ali mu chithunzi cha nthawi iyi amawonetsa masinthidwe awa:
1. Wolandirayo amatsimikizira adilesi, kuchuluka, kulemba, ndikuyendetsa gawo loyamba la zolemba.
2. Wothandizira nthawi yomweyo amatsimikizira kuti waitrequest, kusonyeza kuti wothandizira sali wokonzeka kupitiriza kusamutsa.
3. waitrequest ndiyotsika. Wothandizira amatenga addr1, burstcount, ndi gawo loyamba la kulemba data. Pakanthawi kotsatira kusamutsa, ma adilesi ndi kuchuluka kwambiri sizimaganiziridwa.
4. Wothandizira amatenga gawo lachiwiri la deta pamtunda wokwera wa clk.
5. Kuphulikako kumayimitsidwa pamene kulemba kulibe.
6. Wothandizira amatenga gawo lachitatu la data pamtunda wokwera wa clk.
7. Wothandizira akunenetsa kuti waitrequest. Poyankha, zotuluka zonse zimasungidwa mosadukiza kudzera mu wotchi ina.
8. Wothandizira amatenga gawo lomaliza la deta pamphepete mwa clk. Wothandizira kulemba kuphulika kumatha.
Pachithunzi pamwambapa, chizindikiro cha startbursttransfer chimatsindikitsidwa pa koloko yoyamba ya kuphulika ndipo chimatsitsidwa pa wotchi yotsatira. Ngakhale wothandizira anganene kuti waitrequest, siginecha ya startbursttransfer imangotsimikiziridwa pa koloko yoyamba.
Zambiri Zogwirizana
Interface Properties patsamba 17

3.5.5.2. Werengani Bursts
Kuphulika kowerengeka kuli kofanana ndi kusamutsidwa kwamapaipi owerengera okhala ndi latency yosinthika. Kuphulika kowerengera kumakhala ndi ma adilesi ndi magawo ake a data. readdatavalid ikuwonetsa pamene wothandizira akuwonetsa zowerengera zovomerezeka. Mosiyana ndi kusamutsidwa kowerengera kophatikizika, adilesi yowerengeka imodzi imabweretsa kusamutsidwa kangapo.

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Malamulowa amagwira ntchito powerenga mophulika:
· Pamene wolandirayo alumikiza mwachindunji kwa wothandizira, kuphulika kwa zikutanthauza kuti wothandizira ayenera kubwerera mawu owerengera kuti amalize kuphulika. Nthawi zina pamene interconnect imalumikiza wolandira ndi wothandizira awiri, interconnect ikhoza kupondereza malamulo owerenga omwe amatumizidwa kuchokera kwa wolandirayo kupita kwa wothandizira. Za example, ngati wolandirayo atumiza lamulo lowerengera lomwe lili ndi mtengo wocheperako wa 0, kulumikizanako kumatha kupondereza kuwerenga. Chotsatira chake, wothandizira samayankha ku lamulo lowerengedwa.
· Wothandizira akuwonetsa liwu lililonse popereka zowerengera komanso kutsimikizira kuti zowerengera ndizovomerezeka pakazungulira. Kuchepetsa kuchedwetsa kowerengeka koma sikuthetsa gawo lophulika la data.
· Powerenga ndi burstcount> 1, Intel imalimbikitsa kutsimikizira zonse zomwe zingachitike.

Zindikirani:

Intel imalimbikitsa kuti othandizira omwe amatha kuphulika asakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa. (Kufotokozera uku sikutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma byte omwe wolandira alendo amawerenga kuchokera kwa wothandizira kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.)

Chithunzi 15.

Werengani Burst

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa dongosolo lomwe lili ndi makamu awiri ophulika omwe amapeza wothandizira. Dziwani kuti Host B ikhoza kuyendetsa

pempho lowerengedwa deta isanabwerere kwa Host A.

clk

adilesi A0 (Host A) A1 Host (B)

werengani

kuyambabursttransfer

waitrequest

kuchuluka

zowerengeka zovomerezeka

readdata

D(A0)D(A0+1) D(A0+2D)(A0+3)D(A1)D(A1+1)

Manambala omwe ali mu chithunzi cha nthawi iyi, chongani masinthidwe awa:
1. Host A asserts adilesi (A0), burstcount, ndikuwerenga pambuyo pokwera m'mphepete mwa clk. Wothandizirayo akuti waitrequest, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolowetsa zonse kupatulapo startbursttransfer zizichitika mosadukiza pakazungulira koloko ina.
2. Wothandizira amatenga A0 ndi kuphulika pamphepete mwa clk. Kusintha kwatsopano kungayambike paulendo wotsatira.
3. Host B imayendetsa adilesi (A1), burstcount, ndi kuwerenga. Wothandizirayo amatsimikizira kuti pempho la waitrequest, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolowa zonse kupatulapo startbursttransfer zisamachitike. Wothandizira akanatha kubweza data yowerengedwa kuchokera pa pempho loyamba lowerengedwa panthawiyi, koyambirira.

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4. Wothandizira akupereka zowerengera zovomerezeka ndikutsimikizira kuti zowerengeka ndizovomerezeka, kusamutsa mawu oyamba a data kwa wolandira A.
5. Liwu lachiwiri la wolandira A lisinthidwa. Wothira zakudya zotsekemera zovomerezeka ndikuyimitsa kuphulika. Doko lothandizira litha kusungitsa zowerengeka zosaloledwa pazambiri zozungulira mawotchi.
6. Liwu loyamba la wolandira B labwezedwa.
3.5.5.3. LineWrapped Bursts
Ma processor okhala ndi ma cache ophunzitsira amapeza bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zophulika zokulungidwa ndi mizere. Pamene purosesa ipempha deta yomwe siili mu cache, woyang'anira cache ayenera kudzaza mzere wonse wa cache. Kwa purosesa yokhala ndi kukula kwa mzere wa cache wa 64 byte, kuphonya kwa cache kumapangitsa ma byte 64 kuti awerengedwe kuchokera pamtima. Ngati purosesa ikuwerengera kuchokera ku adilesi 0xC pomwe cache idaphonya, ndiye kuti wowongolera cache wosagwira ntchito atha kutulutsa kuphulika pa adilesi 0, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta ikhale yowerengera maadiresi 0x0, 0x4, 0x8, 0xC, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18, . . . 0x3c pa. Deta yopemphedwa siyikupezeka mpaka kuwerenga kwachinayi. Ndi kuphulika kwa mzere, dongosolo la adilesi ndi 0xC, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18, . . . 0x3C, 0x0, 0x4, ndi 0x8. Zomwe mwapemphedwa zimabwezedwa kaye. Mzere wonse wa cache pamapeto pake umadzazidwanso kuchokera pamtima.
3.5.6. Werengani ndi kulemba Mayankho
Kwa wothandizila aliyense wa Avalon-MM, malamulo ayenera kukonzedwa m'njira yopanda ngozi. Werengani ndi kulemba mayankho mu dongosolo lomwe malamulo adalandilidwa.
3.5.6.1. Transaction Order ya Avalon-MM Werengani ndi Kulemba Mayankho (Othandizira ndi Othandizira)
Kwa wolandira aliyense wa Avalon-MM: · The Avalon Interface Specifications amatsimikizira kuti amalamula wothandizira yemweyo.
kufika kwa wothandizira mu dongosolo la nkhani, ndipo wothandizira amayankha mwadongosolo lachidziwitso. · Othandizira osiyanasiyana atha kulandira ndikuyankha ku malamulo munjira yosiyana ndi yomwe mwiniwakeyo amawaperekera. Zikapambana, wothandizirayo amayankha mwadongosolo. Mayankho (ngati alipo) amabwereranso motsatira dongosolo, mosasamala kanthu kuti malamulo owerengera kapena kulemba ndi a othandizira omwewo kapena osiyana. · Zofotokozera za Avalon Interface sizikutsimikizira kuyitanidwa pakati pa makamu osiyanasiyana.
3.5.6.2. Avalon-MM Werengani ndi Kulemba Mayankho a Nthawi
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kuvomereza kwalamulo ndi kulamula kwa mayankho a Avalon-MM kuwerenga ndi kulemba mayankho. Chifukwa malo owerengera ndi kulemba amagawana chizindikiro choyankhira, mawonekedwe sangathe kutulutsa kapena kuvomera kuyankha komanso kuyankha mowerengera nthawi yomweyo.
Werengani mayankho, tumizani yankho limodzi pa data iliyonse yowerengedwa. Kuwerenga kophulika kutalika kwa zotsatira mu mayankho.

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Lembani mayankho, tumizani yankho limodzi pa lamulo lililonse lolemba. Kuphulika kwa mawu kumabweretsa yankho limodzi lokha. Mawonekedwe a wothandizira amatumiza yankho atavomera kusamutsidwa komaliza kolemba pakuphulika. Pamene mawonekedwe akuphatikizira chizindikiro cha writerresponsevalid, malamulo onse olembera ayenera kumaliza ndi kulemba mayankho.

Chithunzi 16. Avalon-MM Werengani ndi Kulemba Mayankho Chithunzi cha Nthawi

clk

adilesi

werengani

lembani

zowerengeka zovomerezeka

analemba adayankhalid

kuyankha

3.5.6.2.1. minimalResponseLatency Time Diagram yokhala ndi zowerengera zovomerezeka kapena zoyankha zoyankha

Pamalo olumikizirana ndi owerengera ovomerezeka kapena oyankha oyankha, kusasinthika kwa Onecycle MinimumResponseLatency kumatha kubweretsa zovuta kutseka nthawi pa makamu a Avalon-MM.

Zithunzi zotsatirazi zanthawi zikuwonetsa machitidwe ocheperaResponseLatency ya 1 kapena 2 mizungu. Zindikirani kuti kuchedwa kwenikweni kungathenso kukhala kwakukulu kuposa mtengo wololedwa wochepera monga momwe zithunzi za nthawi zikuwonetsera.

Chithunzi 17. MinimumResponseLatency Equal Cycle One

clk kuwerenga
zowerengera zovomerezeka

Kuchedwerako kuyankha kochepera 1

Chithunzi 18. MinimumResponseKuchedwa Kufanana ndi Mizere iwiri clk
werengani mizungu 2 osacheperaResponseLatency
zowerengera zovomerezeka

Kugwirizana
Zoyankhulirana zokhala ndi miniResponseLatency yofananira ndizogwirizana popanda kusintha kulikonse. Ngati wolandirayo ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa chaResponseLatency chapamwamba kuposa wothandizira, gwiritsani ntchito kaundula wa mapaipi kubweza kusiyanako. Kaundula wa mapaipi ayenera

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kuchedwetsa readdata kuchokera kwa wothandizira. Ngati wothandizirayo ali ndi osacheperaResponseLatency apamwamba kuposa wolandira, zolumikizira zimagwirizanirana popanda kusintha.

3.6. Kuyanjanitsa Maadiresi
Kulumikizana kumathandizira kokha zolowera zolumikizidwa. Wolandirayo atha kungotulutsa ma adilesi omwe ali kuchuluka kwake kwa data muzizindikiro. Wolandira alendo amatha kulemba mawu pang'ono potsimikizira zina zomwe zingachitike. Za example, zowerengeka za kulembedwa kwa 2 byte pa adilesi 2 ndi 4'b1100.

3.7. Avalon-MM Agent Akulankhula

Kukula kwakukulu kwa mabasi kumayang'anira data ikasamutsidwa pakati pa mawiri awiri a wolandila amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data. Deta ya ma agent imalumikizidwa mu ma byte olumikizana mumalo a adilesi.

Ngati m'lifupi mwa data ya wolandirayo ndi wokulirapo kuposa kuchuluka kwa data ya wothandizira, mawu omwe ali mu mapu a adilesi yapamalo kupita ku malo angapo mu adilesi ya wothandizira. Za example, 32-bit host host yowerengedwa kuchokera kwa 16-bit wothandizira kumabweretsa kusamutsidwa kuwiri kowerengera kumbali ya wothandizira. Zowerengedwazo zimatengera ma adilesi otsatizana.

Ngati wolandirayo ali wocheperako kuposa wothandizira, ndiye kuti interconnect imayang'anira njira za agent byte. Pakasinthidwe ka wolandila, cholumikizira chimangopereka njira zoyenerera za data ya wothandizira kwa wolandila wocheperako. Pa nthawi yolembera kalata yotumizira, interconnect
imadzitsimikizira zokha zomwe zingatheke kuti zilembetse deta kunjira zomwe zafotokozedwazo.

Othandizira ayenera kukhala ndi makulidwe a data 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 kapena 1024 bits. Gome lotsatirali likuwonetsa masanjidwe a data ya othandizira a m'lifupi mwake mosiyanasiyana mkati mwa 32-bit host yomwe imagwira mawu athunthu. Patebuloli, OFFSET[N] akutanthauza kukula kwa mawu kwa wothandizira kulowa mu adilesi ya wothandizira.

Table 12. Kukula Kwa Mabasi Amphamvu Kutengera Ma Agent-to-Agent Adilesi

Adilesi ya Host Byte (1)

Kufikira

0x00 pa

0x04 pa

0x08 pa

32-Bit Host Data

Mukapeza 8-Bit Agent Interface

Mukapeza 16-Bit Agent Interface

ZOCHITIKA[0]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[0]15..0 (2)

OFFSET[1]7..0 OFFSET[2]7..0 OFFSET[3]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[1]15..0 — -

ZOCHITIKA[4]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[2]15..0

OFFSET[5]7..0 OFFSET[6]7..0 OFFSET[7]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[3]15..0 — -

ZOCHITIKA[8]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[4]15..0

ZOCHITIKA[9]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[5]15..0

Mukapeza 64-Bit Agent Interface OFFSET[0]31..0 — — —
ZOCHITIKA[0]63..32 — — —
ZOCHITIKA[1]31..0 -
anapitiriza…

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Adilesi ya Host Byte (1)

Kufikira

Mukapeza 8-Bit Agent Interface

32-Bit Host Data
Mukapeza 16-Bit Agent Interface

ZOCHITIKA[10]7..0

—

ZOCHITIKA[11]7..0

—

Zamgululi

ZOCHITIKA[12]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[6]15..0

ZOCHITIKA[13]7..0

ZOCHITIKA[7]15..0

ZOCHITIKA[14]7..0

—

4 Ndi zina zotero

OFFSET[15]7..0 Ndi zina zotero

- Ndi zina zotero

Zindikirani: 1. Ngakhale wolandirayo amapereka ma adilesi a byte, wolandirayo amapeza mawu athunthu a 32-bit. 2. Pazolembera zonse, [ ] ndi mawu ochotsera ndipo zolembera zolembera ndizochepa m'mawuwo.

Mukapeza mawonekedwe a 64-Bit Agent - -
OFFSET[1]63..32 — — - Ndi zina zotero

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4. Avalon Kusokoneza Interfaces
Mawonekedwe a Avalon Interrupt amalola zida za wothandizira kuti ziwonetse zochitika kuti zithandizire zigawo. Za example, wolamulira wa DMA akhoza kusokoneza purosesa akamaliza kutumiza kwa DMA.

4.1. Dulirani Wotumiza
Wotumiza wosokoneza amayendetsa chizindikiro chosokoneza kamodzi kwa wolandira wosokoneza. Nthawi ya siginecha ya irq iyenera kukhala yolumikizana ndi m'mphepete mwa wotchi yomwe ikugwirizana nayo. irq ilibe ubale ndi kusamutsa kwina kulikonse. irq iyenera kutsimikiziridwa mpaka kuvomerezedwa pa mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM wothandizira.
Zosokoneza ndizokhazikika pazigawo. Wolandirayo nthawi zambiri amasankha yankho loyenera powerenga zolembera zosokoneza kuchokera pa mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM wothandizira.

4.1.1. Avalon Kusokoneza Sender Signal Maudindo

Table 13. Kusokoneza Sender Signal Maudindo

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

Chofunikira

izi irq_n

1-32

Zotulutsa

Inde

Kufotokozera
Dulirani Pempho. Wotumiza wosokoneza amayendetsa chizindikiro chosokoneza kwa wolandila wosokoneza.

4.1.2. Dulani Katundu Wotumiza

Table 14. Kusokoneza Sender Properties

Dzina la Katundu

Mtengo Wofikira

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

associatedAddressable

N / A

ePoint

zogwirizanaClock

N / A

Dzina la Avalon-MM wothandizira pagawoli.
Dzina la mawonekedwe a wotchi pa izi
gawo.

Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM othandizira omwe amapereka mwayi wokalembetsa kuti athandizire kusokoneza.
Dzina la mawonekedwe a wotchi yomwe wotumiza wosokonezayu amafanana. Wotumiza ndi wolandira akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yosiyana ya katunduyu.

zogwirizanaBwezerani

N / A

Dzina la kukonzanso

Dzina la bwererani mawonekedwe omwe izi zimasokoneza

mawonekedwe pa izi

wotumiza ndi synchronous.

gawo.

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4.2. Dulani Wolandira
Mawonekedwe olandirira osokoneza amalandira zosokoneza kuchokera pamawonekedwe osokoneza otumiza. Zida zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM zingaphatikizepo wolandila wosokoneza kuti azindikire zosokoneza zomwe zimanenedwa ndi zigawo za wothandizira zomwe zimasokoneza otumiza. Wolandira wosokoneza amavomereza zopempha zosokoneza kuchokera kwa wotumiza aliyense wosokoneza ngati pang'ono.

4.2.1. Maudindo a Signal Receiver a Avalon

Table 15. Kusokoneza Maudindo a Signal Receiver

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

Chofunikira

Irq

Zolowetsa

Inde

Kufotokozera
irq ndi -bit vector, pomwe chidutswa chilichonse chimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi wotumiza IRQ m'modzi popanda kuganiza kuti ndizofunikira.

4.2.2. Imitsani Katundu Wolandila

Table 16. Kusokoneza Wolandira katundu

Dzina la Katundu

Mtengo Wofikira

Makhalidwe Alamulo

Kufotokozera

zogwirizanaAddressable Point

N / A

Dzina la Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kusokoneza kwa ntchito ya Avalon-MM kulandilidwa pamawonekedwe awa.

wolandira

mawonekedwe

zogwirizanaClock

N / A

Dzina la Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock omwe izi

Avalon

kusokoneza wolandila ndi synchronous. Wotumiza ndi

Koloko

wolandila akhoza kukhala ndi mitengo yosiyana ya katunduyu.

mawonekedwe

zogwirizanaBwezerani

N / A

Name of an Dzina la bwererani mawonekedwe omwe izi zimasokoneza

Avalon

wolandila ndi synchronous.

Bwezerani

mawonekedwe

4.2.3. Kusokoneza Nthawi

Othandizira a Avalon-MM amathandizira 0 kusokoneza patsogolo kusanachitike 1 kusokoneza.

Chithunzi 19.

Kusokoneza Nthawi

Pachithunzi chotsatirachi, kusokoneza 0 kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Wolandira wosokoneza ali mkati mogwira int1

pamene int0 imatsimikiziridwa. Wothandizira int0 amatchedwa ndikumaliza. Kenako, wothandizira int1 ayambiranso. The

chithunzi chikuwonetsa zokometsera za int0 pa nthawi 1. zotsekemera za int1 panthawi 2.

clk

Payekha int0 Zopempha
intxnumx

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5. Avalon Streaming Interfaces

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming (Avalon-ST) pazigawo zomwe zimayendetsa bandwidth, low-latency, unidirectional data. Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo mitsinje yochulukitsa, mapaketi, ndi data ya DSP. Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST amatha kufotokozera zolumikizira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimathandizira mtsinje umodzi wa data popanda kudziwa mayendedwe kapena malire a paketi. Mawonekedwewa amathanso kuthandizira ma protocol ovuta kwambiri omwe amatha kuphulika ndi kusamutsidwa kwa paketi ndi mapaketi olumikizidwa panjira zingapo.

Zindikirani:

Ngati mukufuna mawonekedwe apamwamba osinthira deta, onani Mutu 6 Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces.

Chithunzi 20. Chiyankhulo cha Avalon-ST - Chizoloŵezi Chodziwika cha Avalon-ST Interface

Printed Circuit Board Intel FPGA Avalon-ST Interfaces (Data Plane)

Wopanga dongosolo

Kulowetsa kwa Avalon-ST

Rx IF Core ch

Gwero 0-2 Sink 1

Avalon-MM Interface (Ndege Yoyang'anira)

Gwero

Tx IF Core Sink

Zotsatira za Avalon-ST

Avalon-MM Host Interface
Purosesa

Avalon-MM Host Interface
IO Control

Avalon-MM Agent Interface
Mtengo wa SDRAM Cntl
SDRAM Memory

Magwero onse a Avalon-ST ndi ma sink interfaces sikuti amalumikizana. Komabe, ngati zolumikizira ziwiri zimapereka ntchito zofananira za malo ogwiritsira ntchito omwewo, ma adapter amapezeka kuti awalole kuti azigwirizana.

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Avalon-ST interfaces amathandizira ma datapath omwe amafunikira izi:
· Low-latency, high-throughput point-to-point data transfer
· Njira zingapo zothandizira ndi paketi yosinthika yolumikizirana
· Sideband siginecha ya tchanelo, zolakwika, ndi chiyambi ndi mapeto a paketi delinenation
· Thandizo pakuphulika kwa data
· Makina osinthira mawonekedwe
5.1. Terms ndi Concepts
Avalon-ST interface protocol imatanthauzira mawu ndi malingaliro awa:
· Avalon Streaming System-Dongosolo la Avalon Streaming lili ndi cholumikizira chimodzi kapena zingapo za Avalon-ST zomwe zimasamutsa deta kuchokera pamagwero kupita ku sinki. Dongosolo lomwe lawonetsedwa pamwambapa lili ndi mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST kuti asamutsire deta kuchokera pazolowetsa zamakina kupita ku zotulutsa. Ulamuliro wa Avalon-MM ndi mawonekedwe olembetsa mawonekedwe amapereka kuwongolera mapulogalamu.
· Avalon Streaming Components-Dongosolo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST limaphatikiza ma module angapo ogwira ntchito, otchedwa zigawo. Wopanga dongosolo amakonza zigawozo ndikuzilumikiza pamodzi kuti agwiritse ntchito dongosolo.
· Source ndi Sink Interfaces ndi Connections-Pamene zigawo ziwiri zigwirizanitsa, deta imachokera ku mawonekedwe a gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe a sink. Zolemba za Avalon Interface Specifications zimayitanira kuphatikizika kwa mawonekedwe a gwero omwe amalumikizana ndi sink interface kukhala kulumikizana.
· Backpressure-Backpressure imalola sink kuti iwonetse gwero kuti asiye kutumiza deta. Thandizo la backpressure ndilosankha. Sink imagwiritsa ntchito backpressure kuletsa kuyenda kwa data pazifukwa izi:
- Pamene sinki FIFOs odzaza
- Pamene pali kusokonekera pa mawonekedwe ake linanena bungwe
· Transfers and Ready Cycles-Kusamutsa kumabweretsa deta ndi kuwongolera kufalikira kuchokera ku gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama. Pamalo olumikizirana ma data, kuzungulira kokonzeka ndi kuzungulira komwe sinki imatha kuvomereza kusamutsidwa.
· Chizindikiro-Chizindikiro ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la data. Pamalo ambiri a paketi, chizindikiro ndi byte. Chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zimapanga gawo limodzi la data yomwe imasamutsidwa mozungulira.
Channel-A njira ndi njira yakuthupi kapena yomveka kapena ulalo womwe chidziwitso chimadutsa pakati pa madoko awiri.
· Beat-A beat ndi kusamutsa kozungulira kamodzi pakati pa gwero ndi mawonekedwe ozama opangidwa ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo.
Paketi-Paketi ndi kuphatikiza kwa data ndikuwongolera ma siginecha omwe gwero limatumiza nthawi imodzi. Phukusi likhoza kukhala ndi mutu wothandizira ma router ndi zida zina za netiweki kulondolera paketiyo kumalo olondola. Pulogalamuyi imatanthawuza mtundu wa paketi, osati izi. Mapaketi a Avalon-ST amatha kukhala osinthika kutalika ndipo amatha kulumikizidwa pa intaneti. Ndi mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST, kugwiritsa ntchito mapaketi ndikosankha.

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5.2. Maudindo a Chizindikiro cha Avalon Streaming

Chizindikiro chilichonse chomwe chili mu gwero la Avalon chosinthira kapena mawonekedwe ozama chimafanana ndi gawo limodzi la siginecha ya Avalon. Mawonekedwe osinthira a Avalon atha kukhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha lachidziwitso chilichonse. Maudindo onse a Avalon akukhamukira akugwira ntchito ku magwero ndi masinki ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana kwa onse awiri.

Table 17.

Avalon Streaming Interface Signals
Pa tebulo ili m'munsimu, maudindo onse amasonyezo ali otanganidwa kwambiri.

Udindo wa Signal

M'lifupi

Mayendedwe

Chofunikira

Kufotokozera

tchanelo cholakwika chatha
zovomerezeka

1 128 1 8,192 1 256
1
1

Zizindikiro Zofunikira

Source Sink

Ayi

Nambala ya tchanelo ya data yomwe imasamutsidwa

pamayendedwe apano.

Ngati mawonekedwe amathandizira chizindikiro cha chiteshi, a

mawonekedwe ayeneranso kufotokozera maxChannel parameter.

Source Sink

Ayi

Chizindikiro cha data kuchokera kugwero kupita ku sinki,

nthawi zambiri amanyamula zambiri zomwe zimakhala

kusamutsidwa.

Ma Parameters amafotokozeranso zomwe zili mkati ndi

mtundu wa chizindikiro cha data.

Source Sink

Ayi

Chigoba pang'ono kuti mulembe zolakwika zomwe zikukhudza deta

kusamutsidwa munthawi yomwe ilipo. Pang'ono pomwe

za cholakwika chizindikiro chimabisa aliyense wa zolakwika

chigawo chimazindikira. The errorDescriptor

imatanthawuza zizindikiro za zolakwika.

Sink Source

Ayi

Amanena mokweza kusonyeza kuti sink ikhoza kuvomereza

deta. kukonzekera kumatsimikiziridwa ndi sink pa kuzungulira

kuyika chizindikiro ngati wokonzeka

kuzungulira. Gwero likhoza kunena kuti ndilovomerezeka komanso

kusamutsa deta pa okonzeka mkombero.

Magwero opanda kulowetsamo okonzeka samathandizira kupsyinjika. Sink popanda linanena bungwe okonzeka konse ayenera backpressure.

Source Sink

Ayi

Gwero limatsimikizira chizindikiro ichi kuti chiyenerere ena onse

gwero lotimiza ma sign. Sink samples data ndi

zizindikiro zina zoyambira-kumira pamayendedwe okonzeka

kumene kuli koyenera. Zozungulira zina zonse

kunyalanyazidwa.

Magwero opanda zotulukapo zomveka amapereka deta yolondola pamayendedwe aliwonse omwe sinki sikutanthauza kubwezera. Masinki opanda zolowera zovomerezeka amayembekeza deta yolondola pamayendedwe aliwonse omwe sakubweza.

opanda kanthu
endoffpacket poyambira paketi

1 10
1 1

Packet Transfer Signals

Source Sink

Ayi

Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zomwe zilibe kanthu,

ndiko kuti, osayimira deta yolondola. Zopanda kanthu

chizindikiro sikofunikira pa zolumikizira komwe kuli

ndi chizindikiro chimodzi pa kugunda.

Source Sink

Ayi

Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi gwero kuti zitsimikize kutha kwa a

paketi.

Source Sink

Ayi

Zatsimikiziridwa ndi gwero posonyeza chiyambi cha

paketi.

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5.3. Kutsatizana kwa Zizindikiro ndi Nthawi

5.3.1. Synchronous Interface
Kusamutsa konse kwa kulumikizana kwa Avalon-ST kumachitika molumikizana ndi m'mphepete mwawotchi yolumikizidwa. Zonse zotuluka kuchokera ku gwero la gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama, kuphatikizapo deta, tchanelo, ndi zizindikiro zolakwika, ziyenera kulembedwa pamphepete mwa wotchi. Zolowetsa ku sink interface siziyenera kulembedwa. Kulembetsa ma sign pa gwero kumathandizira kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi.
5.3.2. Wotchi Imathandiza
Zida za Avalon-ST nthawi zambiri siziphatikiza zolowetsa wotchi. Kuzindikiritsa kwa Avalon-ST ndikokwanira kudziwa mizungulira yomwe gawo liyenera komanso siliyenera kuyatsidwa. Zida zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Avalon-ST zitha kukhala ndi wotchi yomwe imathandizira malingaliro awo amkati. Komabe, zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mawotchi zimathandizira ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi ya mawonekedwe ikugwirizana ndi protocol.

5.4. Avalon-ST Interface Properties

Table 18. Avalon-ST Interface Properties

Property Name associatedClock

Mtengo Wofikira
1

Makhalidwe Alamulo
Wotchi mawonekedwe

Kufotokozera
Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock omwe mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST ndi ofanana.

zogwirizanaBwezeraninso beatsPerCycle

Bwezerani

Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon Reset komwe izi

mawonekedwe Avalon-ST mawonekedwe ndi synchronous.

1,2,4,8 Imatchula kuchuluka kwa ma beats omwe amasinthidwa kamodzi

kuzungulira. Katunduyu amakulolani kusamutsa 2 mosiyana,

koma mitsinje yogwirizana ikugwiritsanso ntchito zomwezo

chiyambi_cha_paketi, mapeto_a_paketi, okonzeka ndi

zizindikiro zomveka.

beatsPerCycle ndi chinthu chomwe sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa protocol ya AvalonST.

dataBitsPerSymbol

1 512 Imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa ma bits pa chizindikiro chilichonse. Za example,

Mawonekedwe a byte ali ndi zizindikiro za 8-bit. Mtengo uwu

sikuletsedwa kukhala mphamvu ya 2.

emptyWithinPacket

zabodza

zoona, zabodza Ngati zowona, zopanda pake ndizoyenera paketi yonse.

errorDescriptor

Mndandanda wa

Mndandanda wa mawu omwe amafotokoza cholakwika chokhudzana ndi

zingwe

chidutswa chilichonse cha chizindikiro cholakwika. Utali wa mndandanda uyenera

zikhale zofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma bits mu chizindikiro cholakwika.

Mawu oyamba pamndandandawo akugwira ntchito ku dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri

pang'ono. Za example, "crc, kusefukira" amatanthauza pang'ono[1]

cholakwika chikuwonetsa cholakwika cha CRC. Bit[0] ikuwonetsa

cholakwika kusefukira.

ChoyambaSymbolInHigh OrderBits

zoona

zoona, zabodza

Zikakhala zoona, chizindikiro choyamba chimayendetsedwa kumagulu ofunikira kwambiri a mawonekedwe a data. Chizindikiro chapamwamba kwambiri chalembedwa kuti D0 mwatsatanetsatane. Katunduyu akayikidwa kukhala zabodza, chizindikiro choyamba chimawonekera pazigawo zotsika. D0 imawonekera pa data[7:0]. Kwa basi ya 32-bit, ngati ndi zoona, D0 imawonekera pa bits[31:24].
anapitiriza…

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Dzina la Katundu maxChannel readyLatency
readyAllowance(1)

Mtengo Wofikira
0 0
0

Miyezo Yazamalamulo 0 255
0 8
0 8

Kufotokozera
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma tchanelo omwe mawonekedwe a data angathandizire.
Zimatanthawuza mgwirizano pakati pa kutsimikizira kwa chizindikiro chokonzekera ndi kutsimikizira kwa chizindikiro chovomerezeka. Ngati readyLatency = pomwe n > 0, zovomerezeka zitha kutsimikiziridwa kokha mkombero pambuyo kunena kuti okonzeka. Za example, ngati readyLatency = 1, pamene sinki imati yakonzeka, gwero liyenera kuyankha ndi chitsimikiziro chovomerezeka osachepera 1 mkombero atatha kuwona chitsimikiziro chokonzeka kuchokera mumadzi.
Imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe omwe sinki angagwire atakonzeka kuthetsedwa. Pamene readyAllowance = 0, sinkiyo sangavomereze kusamutsidwa kulikonse kokonzeka kuchotsedwa. Ngati readyAllowance = ku ndi wamkulu kuposa 0, sinki imatha kuvomereza mpaka kusamutsidwa pambuyo wokonzeka ndi dessertation.

Zindikirani:

Ngati mupanga cholumikizira cha Avalon cholumikizira ndi ma Avalon stream source/sink BFMs kapena zida za makonda ndipo ma BFM awa kapena zida zomwe mwamakonda zili ndi zofunikira zosiyana zaLatency, Wopanga Platform adzayika ma adapter mu cholumikizira chopangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi readyLatency kusiyana pakati pa gwero ndi malo ozama. Zimayembekezeredwa kuti gwero lanu ndi malingaliro anu ozama amatsatira zomwe zimapangidwira.

5.5. Kusamutsidwa Kwamtundu Wambiri
Chigawochi chikufotokozera kusamutsa deta kuchokera ku gwero lachidziwitso kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama. Muzochitika zonse, gwero la deta ndi kuzama kwa deta ziyenera kutsata ndondomekoyi. Sink ya data ilibe udindo wozindikira zolakwika za protocol.

5.6. Tsatanetsatane wa Signal
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa ma sign omwe mawonekedwe a Avalon-ST amaphatikiza. Mawonekedwe amtundu wa Avalon-ST amayendetsa zovomerezeka, deta, zolakwika, ndi ma siginecha kukuya. Kuzama kungagwiritse ntchito backpressure ndi chizindikiro chokonzeka.

(1) · Ngati readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance ikhoza kukhala 0 kapena kuposa 0.
· Ngati readyLatency> 0, readyAllowance iyenera kukhala yofanana kapena yokulirapo kuposa readyLatency.
· Ngati gwero kapena sinki sikutanthauza mtengo readyAllowance ndiye readyAllowance = readyLatency. Mapangidwe safuna kuwonjezera kwa readyAllowance pokhapokha ngati mukufuna kuti gwero kapena kuzama kukhale patsogolotage za izi.

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Chithunzi 21. Chitsimikizo cha Avalon-ST Interface Signals Data Source
njira yolakwika ya data

Data Sink yakonzeka

Zambiri pazizindikiro izi:
· ready-Pamalo olumikizirana ndi kupsyinjika, sinkyo imanena kuti ili yokonzeka kuwonetsa kuzungulira komwe kusamutsa kungachitike. Ngati okonzeka ananenetsa pa kuzungulira , chizungu imatengedwa ngati kuzungulira kokonzeka.
· zovomerezeka-Chizindikiro chovomerezeka chimayenereza deta yolondola pamayendedwe aliwonse ndikusamutsa deta kuchokera kugwero kupita kusiira. Pa mkombero uliwonse wovomerezeka sinki sampkuchepetsa chizindikiro cha data ndi gwero lina kuti zimitse zizindikiro.
· data-Chizindikiro cha data chimanyamula zambiri zomwe zimasamutsidwa kuchokera kugwero kupita kusinki. Chizindikiro cha data chimakhala ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zimasamutsidwa pa wotchi iliyonse. Gawo la dataBitsPerSymbol limatanthawuza momwe chizindikiro cha data chimagawidwira kukhala zizindikiro.
· Zolakwika-Mu siginecha yolakwika, chidutswa chilichonse chimafanana ndi vuto lomwe lingachitike. Mtengo wa 0 pamzere uliwonse ukuwonetsa deta yopanda cholakwika pamayendedwewo. Kufotokozera kumeneku sikutanthawuza zomwe gawo limachita pamene cholakwika chazindikirika.
· channel-Magwero amayendetsa chizindikiro cha tchanelo kuti asonyeze njira yomwe deta imachokera. Tanthauzo la tchanelo pamawonekedwe operekedwa zimatengera kugwiritsa ntchito. M'mapulogalamu ena, njira imawonetsa nambala ya mawonekedwe. Muzinthu zina, njira imawonetsa nambala yatsamba kapena nthawi. Chizindikiro cha tchanelo chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, zonse zomwe zimasamutsidwa mumayendedwe aliwonse zimakhala zanjira yomweyo. Gwero likhoza kusintha kukhala njira ina pamayendedwe otsatizana.
Mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito siginecha amayenera kufotokozera maxChannel parameter kuti iwonetse kuchuluka kwa tchanelo. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe omwe mawonekedwe amathandizira kusintha, maxChannel imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe omwe angathandizire.

5.7. Kapangidwe ka Data

Chithunzi 22.

Zizindikiro za Data

Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha 64-bit dataBitsPerSymbol=16. Chizindikiro 0 ndichokwera kwambiri

chizindikiro chachikulu.

48 47 32 31 16 15

chizindikiro 0 chizindikiro 1 chizindikiro 2 chizindikiro 3

Mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming amathandizira mitundu yonse yayikulu komanso yaying'ono. Chithunzi pansipa ndi example yamawonekedwe akulu-endian, pomwe Chizindikiro 0 chili pamakina apamwamba kwambiri.

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Chithunzi 23.

Kapangidwe ka Data
Chithunzi cha nthawi mu chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa 32-bit exampndi komwe dataBitsPerSymbol=8, ndi beatsPerCycle=1.
clk
okonzeka
zovomerezeka

cholakwika chanjira
data[31:24] data[23:16] data[15:8] data[7:0]

D10

D11

DA DE

D12

DB DF

D13

5.8. Kusamutsa Data popanda Kubwereranso

Kusamutsa deta popanda kukakamizidwa ndiye chofunikira kwambiri pakusamutsa kwa data kwa Avalon-ST. Pa nthawi iliyonse ya wotchi, mawonekedwe a gwero amayendetsa deta ndi njira yosankha ndi zizindikiro zolakwika, ndikutsimikizira kuti ndizovomerezeka. Sink interface sampkupatula zizindikiro izi pamphepete mwa wotchi yolozera ngati zowona zatsimikiziridwa.

Chithunzi 24.

Kusamutsa Data popanda Kubwereranso

clk zoona

data yolakwika panjira

Zamgululi

5.9. Kusamutsa Data ndi Backpressure
Sink imati yakonzeka kuzungulira koloko imodzi kuti iwonetse kuti yakonzeka kugwira ntchito. Ngati sinkiyo ili yokonzekera deta, kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira kokonzeka. Panthawi yokonzekera, gwero likhoza kunena kuti ndilovomerezeka ndikupereka deta ku sinki. Ngati gwero lilibe deta yotumiza, gwero la desserts ndilovomerezeka ndipo limatha kuyendetsa deta ku mtengo uliwonse.
Mawonekedwe omwe amathandizira backpressure amatanthawuza readyLatency parameter kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mizunguliro kuyambira nthawi yomwe ikukonzekera mpaka deta yolondola itha kuyendetsedwa. Ngati readyLatency ndi nonzero, zungulirani ndi kuzungulira kokonzeka ngati kuli kokonzeka kutsimikiziridwa mozungulira .
Pamene readyLatency = 0, kusamutsa deta kumachitika kokha pamene zokonzeka ndi zovomerezeka zimatsimikiziridwa panthawi yomweyo. Munjira iyi, gwero sililandira chizindikiro chokonzekera cha sink musanatumize zovomerezeka. Gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka nthawi zonse pamene gwero lili ndi deta yolondola. Gwero limadikirira kuti sinki ijambule deta ndikutsimikizira kuti yakonzeka. Gwero likhoza kusintha deta nthawi iliyonse. Sinkyo imangotenga zomwe zalowa kuchokera kugwero zikakonzeka komanso zomveka zonse zimatsimikiziridwa.

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Pamene readyLatency>= 1, sinkyo imakhala yokonzeka kukonzekera kokonzekera komweko. Gwero likhoza kuyankha panthawi yoyenera potsimikizira kuti ndizovomerezeka. Gwero silinganene kuti ndilovomerezeka panthawi yomwe siinakonzekere.
readyAllowance imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kusamutsidwa komwe sinki imatha kutenga ikakonzeka kuthetsedwa. Pamene readyAllowance = 0, sinkiyo sangavomereze kusamutsidwa kulikonse kokonzeka kuchotsedwa. Ngati readyAllowance = kumene n > 0, sinkiyo imatha kuvomereza mpaka kusamutsidwa pambuyo wokonzeka ndi dessertation.
5.9.1. Kusamutsa Data Pogwiritsa ntchito readyLatency ndi readyAllowance

Malamulo otsatirawa amagwira ntchito posamutsa deta ndi readyLatency ndi readyAllowance.
· Ngati readyLatency ndi 0, readyAllowance ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi 0.
· Ngati readyLatency ndi yayikulu kuposa 0, readyAllowance ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi readyLatency.

Pamene readyLatency = 0 ndi readyAllowance = 0, kusamutsa deta kumachitika pokhapokha ngati zonse zokonzeka komanso zovomerezeka zatsimikiziridwa. Pankhaniyi, gwero sililandira chizindikiro chokonzekera cha sink musanatumize deta yolondola. Gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka ngati n'kotheka. Gwero limadikirira kuti sinki ijambule deta ndikutsimikizira kuti yakonzeka. Gwero likhoza kusintha deta nthawi iliyonse. Sinkyo imangotenga zomwe zalowa kuchokera kugwero zikakonzeka komanso zomveka zonse zimatsimikiziridwa.

Chithunzi 25. readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance = 0

Pamene readyLatency = 0 ndi readyAllowance = 0 gwero likhoza kunena kuti ndilovomerezeka nthawi iliyonse. Sinkiyo imatenga deta kuchokera kugwero pokhapokha itakonzeka = 1.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa zochitika izi: 1. Mu kuzungulira 1 gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka. 2. Mu cycle 2, sink imati yokonzeka ndipo D0 imasamutsidwa. 3. Mu kuzungulira 3, D1 imasamutsidwa. 4. Mu kuzungulira 4, sink imati ikukonzekera, koma gwero silimayendetsa deta yolondola. 5. Gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka pa 6. 6. Mu cycle 8, sink imati yokonzeka, kotero D2 imasamutsidwa. 7. Kusamutsidwa kwa D3 pa cycle 9 ndi D4 kusamutsidwa pa cycle 10.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

deta

Zamgululi

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Chithunzi 26. readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance = 1

Pamene readyLatency = 0 ndi readyAllowance = 1 sinkiyo imatha kutenganso kusamutsa deta imodzi mutakonzeka = 0.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa zochitika izi: 1. Mu kuzungulira 1 gwero limapereka deta ndikutsimikizira kuti ndi zolondola pamene sinki ikunena kuti ili yokonzeka. D0 kusintha. 2. D1 imasamutsidwa mumkombero 2. 3. Mu kuzungulira 3, zokometsera zokonzeka, komabe kuyambira readyAllowance = 1 kutengerako kumodzi kumaloledwa, kotero D2
kusamutsidwa. 4. Mu kuzungulira 5 zonse zovomerezeka ndi zokonzeka, kotero D3 imasamutsidwa. 5. Mu kuzungulira 6, gwero la desserts ndiloyenera, kotero palibe kusamutsidwa kwa deta. 6. Mu kuzungulira 7, zovomerezeka zovomerezeka ndi zokometsera zokonzeka, komabe kuyambira readyAllowance = 1 kutengerapo kwinanso
amaloledwa, kotero D4 kusamutsidwa.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

deta

D0 D1 D2

Zamgululi

Chithunzi 27. readyLatency = 1, readyAllowance = 2

Pamene readyLatency = 1 ndi readyAllowance = 2 sink ikhoza kusamutsa deta kamodzi pambuyo pokonzekera, ndipo maulendo ena awiri amaloledwa pambuyo pa zokometsera zokonzeka.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa zochitika izi: 1. Mu kuzungulira 0 sinki ikunena kuti yakonzeka. 2. Mu kuzungulira 1, gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka. Kusintha kumachitika nthawi yomweyo. 3. Mu cycle 3, zokometsera zakuya zokonzeka, koma gwero likadali lovomerezeka, ndikuyendetsa deta yovomerezeka.
chifukwa kumira kumatha kujambula deta mikombero iwiri pambuyo pa zokometsera zokonzeka. 4. Mu kuzungulira 6, sinkyo imanena kuti ili yokonzeka. 5. Mu kuzungulira 7, gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka. Deta iyi yavomerezedwa. 6. Mu cycle 10, sink yatha kale, koma gwero likunena kuti ndilovomerezeka ndikuyendetsa deta yolondola chifukwa.
sink ikhoza kujambula deta mizere iwiri pambuyo pa zophika zokonzeka.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

deta

D0 D1 D2 D3

Zamgululi

Zofunikira Zosinthira Gome lotsatirali likufotokoza ngati magwero ndi masinki amafunikira kusintha.

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Table 19. Zofunikira za Kusintha kwa Sink / Sink

readyLatency

readyAllowance

Kusintha

Source readyLatency = Sink Source readyAllowance =

readyLatency

Sink readyAllowance

Palibe kusintha kofunikira: Sink imatha kujambula zosintha zonse.

Gwero readyAllowance> Sink readyAllowance

Kusintha kumafunika: Pambuyo pokonzekera kuchotsedwa, gwero limatha kutumiza zosintha zambiri kuposa zomwe sinki ingagwire.

Source readyAllowance <Sink readyAllowance

Palibe kusintha komwe kumafunikira: Mukatha kutsukidwa, sinkiyo imatha kutenga zambiri kuposa zomwe gwero lingatumize.

Gwero readyLatency> Sink Source readyAllowance =

readyLatency

Sink readyAllowance

Palibe kusintha komwe kumafunikira: Pambuyo pokonzekera, gwero limayamba kutumiza mochedwa kuposa momwe sinki ingagwire. Pambuyo pokonzekera kuchotsedwa, gwero likhoza kutumiza maulendo ambiri momwe sinki ingagwire.

Gwero readyAllowance> Sink readyAllowance

Kusintha kumafunika: Pambuyo pokonzekera kuchotsedwa, gwero limatha kutumiza zosintha zambiri kuposa zomwe sinki ingagwire.

Source readyAllowance< Sink readyAllowance

Palibe kusintha komwe kumafunikira: Mukamaliza kutsukidwa, gwero limatumiza zosintha zochepa kuposa zomwe sinki ingagwire.

Source readyLatency <SinkreadyLatency

Source readyAllowance = Sink readyAllowance

Kusintha kofunikira: Gwero likhoza kuyamba kutumiza zosintha musanamizidwe.

Gwero readyAllowance> Sink readyAllowance

Kusintha kofunikira: Gwero likhoza kuyamba kutumiza zosintha sinki isanagwire. Komanso, atakonzeka kuthetsedwa, gwero limatha kutumiza zosintha zambiri kuposa zomwe sinki ingagwire.

Source readyAllowance <Sink readyAllowance

Kusintha kofunikira: Gwero likhoza kuyamba kutumiza zosintha sinki isanagwire.

5.9.2. Kusamutsa Data Pogwiritsa ntchito readyLatency
Ngati gwero kapena kusinki sikunatchule mtengo wa readyAllowance ndiye readyAllowance= readyLatency. Mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsa ntchito gwero ndi kuzama safuna kuwonjezera kwa readyAllowance pokhapokha ngati mukufuna kuti gwero kapena kuzama kutengeredwe.tage za izi.

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Chithunzi 28.

Kusamutsa ndi Backpressure, readyLatency=0
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa zochitika izi:

1. Gwero limapereka deta ndi zovomerezeka pamayendedwe 1, ngakhale kuti sinkyo sikonzeka.

2. Gwero limadikirira mpaka kuzungulira 2, pomwe sinkiyo ikhala yokonzeka, isanasunthike kuzungulira kotsatira.

3. Mumkombero wa 3, gwero limayendetsa deta pamzere womwewo ndipo sinki ili wokonzeka kulandira deta. Kusintha kumachitika nthawi yomweyo.
4. Mu kuzungulira 4, sink imanena kuti ili yokonzeka, koma gwero silimayendetsa deta yolondola.

012345678 clk

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

njira

cholakwika

deta

Zamgululi

Chithunzi 29.

Kusamutsa ndi Backpressure, readyLatency=1

Ziwerengero zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kwa data ndi readyLatency=1 ndi readyLatency=2, motsatana. Muzochitika zonsezi, kukonzekera kumatsimikiziridwa kusanachitike, ndipo gwero limayankha 1 kapena 2 kuzungulira pambuyo pake popereka deta ndikutsimikizira kuti ndizovomerezeka. Pamene readyLatency si 0, gwero liyenera kukhala lovomerezeka pamazungulira omwe sanakonzekere.
clk

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

njira

cholakwika

deta

Zamgululi

D2 D3 D4

Chithunzi 30.

Kusamutsa ndi Backpressure, readyLatency=2

clk

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

njira

cholakwika

deta

Zamgululi

5.10. Paketi Data Transfer
Katundu wosinthira paketi amawonjezera kuthandizira kusamutsa mapaketi kuchokera pamayendedwe oyambira kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama. Zizindikiro zitatu zowonjezera zimatanthauzidwa kuti zigwiritse ntchito kutumiza kwa paketi. Ma gwero ndi masinki olowera ayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera izi kuti zithandizire mapaketi. Mutha kulumikiza magwero ndi kuzama kolowera ndi

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zofananira za paketi. Platform Designer samangowonjezera poyambira , endofpacket, ndi ma siginecha opanda kanthu poyambira kapena kuzama komwe sikuphatikiza ma siginowa.

Chithunzi 31. Avalon-ST Packet Interface Signals Data Source

Sink Data

okonzeka
zovomerezeka
njira yolakwika ya data poyambira paketi
endoffpacket opanda kanthu

5.11. Tsatanetsatane wa Signal
Startofpacket-Malo onse othandizira kusamutsa mapaketi amafunikira chizindikiro choyambira. startofpacket imawonetsa kuzungulira komwe kumayambira paketi. Chizindikirochi chimatanthauziridwa pokhapokha ngati chovomerezeka chikutsimikiziridwa.
* endofpacket-Malo onse othandizira kusamutsa mapaketi amafunikira chizindikiro cha endofpacket. endoffpacket imawonetsa kuzungulira komwe kumakhala kumapeto kwa paketi. Chizindikirochi chimatanthauziridwa pokhapokha ngati chovomerezeka chikutsimikiziridwa. Startofpacket ndi endofpacket zitha kutsimikiziridwa mozungulira momwemo. Palibe zozungulira zopanda pake zomwe zimafunikira pakati pa mapaketi. Chizindikiro choyambira packet chitha kutsata pambuyo pa siginecha yapitayi endofpacket.
· empty-Chizindikiro chopanda kanthu chomwe mwasankha chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zizindikilo zomwe zilibe panthawi ya endoffpacket. Sinkiyo imangoyang'ana mtengo wa chopanda kanthu panthawi yomwe akugwira ntchito yomwe endoffpacket imatsimikizira. Zizindikiro zopanda kanthu nthawi zonse zimakhala zomaliza mu data, zomwe zimatengedwa ndi ma bits otsika pamene firstSymbolInHighOrderBits = zoona. Chizindikiro chopanda kanthu chimafunika pamapaketi onse a paketi omwe chizindikiro chawo cha data chimanyamula chizindikiro choposa chimodzi cha data ndipo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a paketi yautali wosiyana. Kukula kwa chizindikiro chopanda kanthu mu bits ndi ceil[log2( )].

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5.12. Tsatanetsatane wa Protocol

Kutengerapo kwa data pa paketi kumatsata ndondomeko yofanana ndi kusamutsa kwa data komwe kumayambira ndikuwonjezera koyambira, endofpacket, ndi chopanda kanthu.

Chithunzi 32.

Kusamutsa Paketi
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa kusamutsidwa kwa paketi ya 17-byte kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe osambira, kumene readyLatency=0. Chiwonetsero cha nthawi iyi chikuwonetsa zochitika izi:

1. Kutumiza kwa data kumachitika pamizere 1, 2, 4, 5, ndi 6, pamene zonse zokonzeka ndi zovomerezeka zimatsimikiziridwa.

2. Pakati pa kuzungulira 1, startofpacket imatsimikiziridwa. Ma 4 mabayiti oyamba a paketi amasamutsidwa.

3. Panthawi ya 6, endoffpacket imatsimikiziridwa. zopanda kanthu zili ndi mtengo wa 3. Mtengo uwu umasonyeza kuti uku ndiko mapeto a paketi ndipo 3 mwa zizindikiro za 4 zilibe kanthu. Mu cycle 6, byte yapamwamba kwambiri, data[31:24] imayendetsa deta yovomerezeka.

1234567 clk

okonzeka

zovomerezeka

poyambira paketi

endoffpacket

opanda kanthu

njira

000

cholakwika

000

zambiri [31:24]

Zamgululi

D8 D12 D16

zambiri [23:16]

Zamgululi

zambiri [15:8]

Zamgululi

zambiri [7:0]

Zamgululi

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6. Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces
Avalon Streaming Credit interfaces ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawo zomwe zimayendetsa highbandwidth, low-latency, unidirectional data. Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo mitsinje yochulukitsa, mapaketi, ndi data ya DSP. Mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming Credit mawonekedwe amatha kufotokozera njira zosinthira zachikhalidwe zomwe zimathandizira mtsinje umodzi wa data, popanda kudziwa mayendedwe kapena malire a paketi. Mawonekedwewa amathanso kuthandizira ma protocol ovuta kwambiri omwe amatha kuphulika ndi kusamutsidwa kwa paketi ndi mapaketi olumikizidwa panjira zingapo.
Magwero onse a Avalon Streaming Credit ndi masinki olowera sizogwirizana kwenikweni. Komabe, ngati zolumikizira ziwiri zimapereka ntchito zofananira za malo ogwiritsira ntchito omwewo, ma adapter amapezeka kuti awalole kuti azigwirizana.
Mutha kulumikizanso gwero la Avalon Streaming Credit ku sinki ya Avalon Streaming kudzera pa adapter. Mofananamo, mutha kulumikiza gwero la Avalon Streaming ku Avalon Streaming Credit sink kudzera pa adapter.
Avalon Streaming Credit interfaces amathandizira ma datapath omwe amafunikira izi:
· Low-latency, high-throughput point-to-point data transfer
· Njira zingapo zothandizira ndi paketi yosinthika yolumikizirana
· Sideband siginecha ya tchanelo, zolakwika, ndi chiyambi ndi mapeto a paketi delinenation
· Thandizo pakuphulika kwa data
· Zizindikiro za ogwiritsa ntchito monga zikwangwani zam'mbali za ogwiritsa ntchito zimatanthauzira

6.1. Terms ndi Concepts
Avalon Streaming Credit interface protocol imatanthauzira mawu ndi malingaliro awa:
· Avalon Streaming Credit System- Dongosolo la Avalon Streaming Credit lili ndi cholumikizira chimodzi kapena zingapo za Avalon Streaming Credit zomwe zimasamutsa deta kuchokera pamawonekedwe a gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama.
· Avalon Streaming Credit Components- Dongosolo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming limaphatikiza ma module angapo, otchedwa zigawo. Wopanga dongosolo amakonza zigawozo ndikuzilumikiza pamodzi kuti agwiritse ntchito dongosolo.
· Source ndi Sink Interfaces and Connections-Zigawo ziwiri zikalumikizidwa, ngongole zimayenda kuchokera pamadzi kupita kugwero; ndipo deta imachokera ku mawonekedwe a gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama. Kuphatikizika kwa gwero lachidziwitso cholumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe osambira kumatchedwa kugwirizana.
· Transfers-Kusamutsa kumabweretsa deta ndikuwongolera kufalikira kuchokera ku gwero kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama. Pamalo olumikizirana ndi data, gwero limatha kuyambitsa kusamutsa kwa data pokhapokha ngati lili ndi ngongole zomwe zilipo. Mofananamo, sink ikhoza kuvomereza deta pokhapokha ngati ili ndi mbiri yabwino.

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· Chizindikiro-Chizindikiro ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la data. Chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zimapanga gawo limodzi la data yomwe imasamutsidwa mozungulira.
· Beat-A beat ndi kusamutsa kozungulira kamodzi pakati pa gwero ndi mawonekedwe ozama opangidwa ndi chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo.
Paketi-Paketi ndi kuphatikiza kwa data ndikuwongolera ma siginecha omwe amatumizidwa palimodzi. Phukusi likhoza kukhala ndi mutu wothandizira ma router ndi zida zina za netiweki kulondolera paketiyo kumalo olondola. Mtundu wa paketi umatanthauzidwa ndi ntchito, osati izi. Mapaketi a Avalon Streaming amatha kukhala osinthika kutalika ndipo amatha kulumikizidwa pa intaneti. Ndi mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming Credit, kugwiritsa ntchito mapaketi ndikosankha.

6.2. Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Signal Maudindo

Chizindikiro chilichonse mu Avalon Streaming Credit source kapena sink interface chimafanana ndi gawo limodzi la Avalon Streaming Credit. Mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming Credit akhoza kukhala ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha gawo lililonse la siginecha. Maudindo onse a Avalon Streaming Ngongole amagwira ntchito ku magwero ndi masinki ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana kwa onse awiri.

Table 20. Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Signals

Dzina la Signal

Mayendedwe

sinthani

Sink ku

gwero

M'lifupi

ngongole

Sink ku

1-9

gwero

Zosankha / Zofunika

Kufotokozera

Chofunikira

Sink imatumiza zosintha ndi magwero akusintha kauntala yomwe ilipo. Sink imatumiza zosintha kugwero pomwe malonda atuluka kuchokera ku buffer yake.
Ngongole yowerengera yomwe ili mugwero imachulukitsidwa ndi mtengo wa basi yangongole kuchokera kusinki kupita kugwero.

Chofunikira

Imawonetsa ngongole yowonjezereka yomwe ikupezeka pa sinki pamene zosintha zikutsimikiziridwa.
Basi iyi imakhala ndi mtengo womwe wafotokozedwa ndi sinki. Kukula kwa basi yangongole ndi ceilog2(MAX_CREDIT + 1). Sink imatumiza mtengo wangongole womwe ulipo pa basi iyi zomwe zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe angavomereze. Source imalanda mtengo wangongole
pokhapokha ngati chizindikiro chosinthidwa chikutsimikiziridwa.

return_credit Source to 1 sink

zovomerezeka
cholakwika

Gwero la kumira
Gwero la kumira

1-8192 1

Gwero la kumira

1-256

Zofunika Zofunika Zofunika Zosankha

Zatsimikiziridwa ndi gwero kuti zibweza ngongole imodzi kuti imire.
Zindikirani: Kuti mumve zambiri, onani Gawo 6.2.3 Kubweza Ngongole.
Deta imagawidwa muzizindikiro malinga ndi tanthauzo la Avalon Streaming.
Amatsimikiziridwa ndi gwero kuti ayenerere magwero ena onse kuti azimira. Gwero likhoza kunena kuti ndilovomerezeka pokhapokha ngongole yomwe ilipo iposa 0.
Chigoba chaching'ono chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zolakwika zomwe zikukhudza deta yomwe imasamutsidwa mumayendedwe apano. Kulakwitsa kamodzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholakwika chilichonse chomwe chimazindikiridwa ndi gawo, monga tafotokozera ndi errorDescriptor katundu.
anapitiriza…

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Signal Name Channel
Startofpacket endoffpacket opanda kanthu

Gwero la Direction kuti kumira
Gwero lotimira Gwero la kumira
Gwero la kumira
Gwero la kumira

M'lifupi

Zosankha / Zofunika

Kufotokozera

1-128

Zosankha

Nambala ya tchanelo ya data yomwe imasamutsidwa panthawiyi.
Ngati mawonekedwe amathandizira chizindikiro cha chiteshi, ayeneranso kufotokozera maxChannel parameter.

Packet Transfer Signals

Zosankha

Zatsimikiziridwa ndi gwero kuti zitsimikizire chiyambi

wa paketi.

Zosankha

Zatsimikiziridwa ndi gwero kuti ziwonetse kutha kwa

paketi.

ceil(log2(NUM_SYMBOLS))) Ngati mukufuna

Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zomwe zilibe kanthu, ndiko kuti, sizikuyimira deta yolondola. Chizindikiro chopanda kanthu sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolumikizana pomwe pali chizindikiro chimodzi pakumenya.

Zizindikiro Zogwiritsa Ntchito

1-8192

Zosankha

Nambala iliyonse ya ma sign pa paketi iliyonse imatha kupezeka pamayendedwe oyambira ndi ozama. Gwero limayika mtengo wa chizindikiro ichi liti
startofpacket imatsimikiziridwa. Gwero siliyenera kusintha mtengo wa chizindikirochi mpaka paketi yatsopano itayamba. Zambiri zili mu gawo la User Signal.

1-8192

Zosankha

Nambala iliyonse yazizindikiro za ogwiritsa ntchito imatha kupezeka pagwero ndi kumira. Zambiri zili mu gawo la User Signal.

6.2.1. Synchronous Interface

Kusintha konse kwa kulumikizana kwa Avalon Streaming kumachitika molumikizana ndi m'mphepete mwawotchi yolumikizidwa. Zotulutsa zonse kuchokera ku gwero lachidziwitso kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama,
kuphatikizapo deta, tchanelo, ndi zizindikiro zolakwika, ziyenera kulembedwa m'mphepete mwa wotchi. Zolowetsa ku sink interface siziyenera kulembedwa. Kulembetsa ma sign pa gwero kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri.

Table 21. Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Properties

Dzina la Katundu

Mtengo Wofikira

Mtengo Walamulo

Kufotokozera

zogwirizanaClock

Koloko

Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon Clock omwe izi

mawonekedwe

Avalon Streaming mawonekedwe ndi synchronous.

zogwirizanaBwezerani

Bwezerani

Dzina la mawonekedwe a Avalon Reset komwe izi

mawonekedwe

Avalon Streaming mawonekedwe ndi synchronous.

dataBitsPerSymbol zizindikiroPerBeat

1 8192

Imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa ma bits pa chizindikiro chilichonse. Za example,

Mawonekedwe a byte ali ndi zizindikiro za 8-bit. Mtengo uwu ndi

osaletsedwa kukhala mphamvu ya 2.

1 8192

Chiwerengero cha zizindikiro kuti anasamutsa aliyense

mkombero wovomerezeka.

maxCredit

256

1-256

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ngongole zomwe mawonekedwe a data angathandizire.
anapitiriza…

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Katundu Name errorDescriptor

Mtengo Wofikira
0

firstSymbolInHighOrderBits zoona

maxChannel

Mtengo Walamulo

Kufotokozera

Mndandanda wa zingwe

Mndandanda wa mawu omwe amafotokoza cholakwika chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse cha zolakwika. Kutalika kwa mndandanda kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma bits mu chizindikiro cholakwa. Mawu oyamba pamndandanda akugwira ntchito ku biti yapamwamba kwambiri. Za example, "crc, kusefukira" zikutanthauza kuti pang'ono[1] zolakwika zikuwonetsa cholakwika cha CRC. Bit[0] ikuwonetsa cholakwika chasefukira.

zoona, zabodza

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mayendedwe omwe mawonekedwe a data

akhoza kuthandizira.

6.2.2. Kusamutsidwa Kwamtundu Wambiri
Chigawochi chikufotokozera kusamutsa deta kuchokera ku gwero lachidziwitso kupita ku mawonekedwe ozama. Muzochitika zonse, gwero la deta ndi kuzama kwa deta ziyenera kutsata ndondomekoyi. Si udindo wa sink ya data kuti muwone zolakwika za protocol.
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa ma siginecha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mawonekedwe a Avalon Streaming Credit.
Chithunzi 33. Chizindikiro cha Avalon Streaming Credit Signals

Monga momwe chiwerengerochi chikusonyezera, mawonekedwe amtundu wa Avalon Streaming Credit source amayendetsa zovomerezeka, deta, zolakwika, ndi ma siginecha akuya. Sink imayendetsa zosintha ndi ma sign angongole.

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Chithunzi 34. Ngongole Yodziwika ndi Kutumiza Kwa Data

Chithunzi chomwe chili pamwambachi chikuwonetsa mbiri ya ngongole ndi kusamutsa deta pakati pa gwero ndi kusinki. Pakhoza kukhala kuchedwa kosamveka pakati pa sink yotsimikizira zosintha ndi gwero lolandira zosinthazo. Momwemonso, pakhoza kukhala kuchedwa kopanda chifukwa pakati pa gwero lovomerezeka la data ndikuyimitsa kulandira detayo. Kuchedwetsa njira yangongole kuchokera kusinki kupita kugwero ndi njira ya data kuchokera kugwero mpaka kusiira sikuyenera kukhala kofanana. Kuchedwetsaku kumatha kukhalanso kuzungulira kwa 0, mwachitsanzo, pamene sink ikufuna kusintha, imawonedwa ndi gwero munthawi yomweyo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, pamene gwero likunena kuti ndilovomerezeka, limawoneka ndi kuzama mumzere womwewo. Ngati gwero lili ndi ziro, silinganene kuti ndilovomerezeka. Makirediti otumizidwa akuwonjezeka. Ngati sink wasamutsa mbiri yofanana ndi maxCredit katundu wake, ndipo sanalandire deta iliyonse, sangathe kunena zosintha mpaka atalandira osachepera 1 deta kapena atalandira return_credit pulse kuchokera gwero.
Sink sangathe kubweza deta kuchokera ku gwero ngati sink wapereka mbiri ku gwero, mwachitsanzo, sink iyenera kuvomereza zomwe zachokera ngati pali ndalama zomwe zatsala. Gwero silinganene kuti ndilovomerezeka ngati silinalandire ngongole iliyonse kapena kuthera ndalama zomwe mwalandira, mwachitsanzo, kutumiza deta m'malo mwa ngongole zomwe mwalandira.
Ngati gwero lili ndi ziro, gwero silingayambitse kusamutsa deta nthawi yomweyo yomwe imalandira ma kirediti. Mofananamo, ngati sink yasamutsa ngongole yofanana ndi katundu wake wa maxCredit ndipo imalandira deta, kuzama sikungatumize zosintha mumayendedwe omwewo monga adalandira deta. Zoletsa izi zakhazikitsidwa pofuna kupewa miluko yophatikizika pakukhazikitsa.
6.2.3. Kubweza Ngongole
Avalon Streaming Credit protocol imathandizira chizindikiro cha return_credit. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gwero kuti zibweze ngongole kuti zibwerere. Kuzungulira kulikonse komwe chizindikirochi chikunenedwa, zikuwonetsa kuti gwero likubweza ngongole imodzi. Ngati gwero likufuna kubweza makirediti angapo, siginecha iyi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti izizungulira kangapo. Za exampLe, ngati gwero likufuna kubweza 10 mbiri yabwino, imatsimikizira return_credit sign for 10 cycle. Sink ikuyenera kuwerengera ndalama zomwe zabwezedwa m'maakaunta ake okonza ngongole zamkati. Ngongole imatha kubwezeredwa ndi gwero nthawi iliyonse malinga ngati ili ndi ma credits opitilira 0.
Chithunzi chili m'munsichi chikuwonetsa magwero obwezera. Monga zikuwonekera pachithunzichi, outstanding_credit ndi chowerengera chamkati cha gwero. Pamene gwero likubweza ngongole, kauntala iyi imachepetsedwa.

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Chithunzi 35. Source Returning Credits

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Zindikirani:

Ngakhale chithunzi chomwe chili pamwambapa chikuwonetsa kubwezeredwa kwa ngongole zitatsitsidwa, return_credit zitha kutsimikiziridwa pomwe zovomerezeka zikutsimikiziridwa. Pankhaniyi, gwero limawononga ndalama 2: imodzi yovomerezeka, ndi ina ya return_credit.

6.3. Avalon Streaming Credit User Signals
Zizindikiro za ogwiritsa ntchito ndizosankha zamagulu am'mbali omwe amayenda limodzi ndi data. Amaonedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati deta ili yovomerezeka. Popeza kuti ma siginecha alibe tanthauzo lililonse kapena cholinga, kusamala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamagwiritsa ntchito zizindikirozi. Ndi udindo wa wopanga makina kuti awonetsetse kuti ma IP awiri olumikizidwa amagwirizana pazantchito zama siginecha ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mitundu iwiri ya zizindikiro za ogwiritsa ntchito ikuperekedwa: zizindikiro za ogwiritsa ntchito pa chizindikiro chilichonse ndi zizindikiro za wogwiritsa ntchito pa paketi.
6.3.1. Chizindikiro Chogwiritsa Ntchito Chizindikiro
Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, deta imatanthawuza chizindikiro cha wogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro (symbol_user) pa chizindikiro. Chizindikiro chilichonse mu data chikhoza kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Za example, ngati chiwerengero cha zizindikiro mu deta ndi 8, ndipo chizindikiro_user m'lifupi ndi 2 bits, chiwerengero chonse cha chizindikiro_user chizindikiro ndi 16 bits.
Symbol_user ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati data ili yovomerezeka. Gwero likhoza kusintha chizindikirochi nthawi iliyonse pamene deta ili yovomerezeka. Sink ikhoza kunyalanyaza mtengo wa symbol_user bits pazizindikiro zopanda kanthu.
Ngati gwero lomwe lili ndi chizindikirochi likulumikizidwa ndi kuzama komwe kulibe chizindikirochi pamawonekedwe ake, chizindikiro chochokera ku gwero chimakhalabe chikulendewera mumgwirizano wopangidwa.
Ngati gwero lomwe liribe chizindikirochi lilumikizidwa ndi kusinki komwe kuli ndi chizindikirochi pamawonekedwe ake, chizindikiro cha wogwiritsa ntchito sinkyo chimalumikizana ndi 0.
Ngati gwero ndi kuzama zonse zili ndi nambala yofanana yazizindikiro, ndiye kuti ma siginecha a onse awiri ayenera kukhala ndi makulidwe ofanana. Apo ayi, sangathe kulumikizidwa.

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Ngati gwero lalikulu lalumikizidwa ndi kusinki yopapatiza, ndipo onse ali ndi ma siginecha amtundu uliwonse, ndiye kuti onse awiri ayenera kukhala ndi zilembo zofananira zolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse. Za example, ngati gwero la 16-zizindikiro lili ndi ma 2 bits a siginecha yolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse (pazonse za 32 bits za chizindikiro cha wogwiritsa), ndiye kuti sinki ya 4-symbol iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a 8-bit (2 bits ogwirizana ndi chizindikiro chilichonse). Adaputala yamtundu wa data imatha kusintha magwero a 16-symbols kukhala 4-symbol sink data, ndi chizindikiro cha 32-bit kukhala chizindikiro cha 8-bit. Adapta yamtundu wa data imasunga kuyanjana kwa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zofananira za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Momwemonso, ngati gwero lopapatiza limalumikizidwa ndi kuzama kwakukulu, ndipo onse ali ndi ma siginecha amtundu uliwonse, ndiye kuti onse awiri ayenera kukhala ndi zilembo zofananira zolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse. Za example, ngati gwero la 4-zizindikiro lili ndi ma 2 bits a siginecha yolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse (pazonse za 8 ma bits a siginecha), ndiye kuti sinki ya 16-symbol iyenera kukhala ndi siginecha ya 32-bit (2 bits yolumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro chilichonse). Adaputala yamtundu wa data imatha kusintha magwero a 4-symbol kukhala 16-symbol sink data, ndi chizindikiro cha 8-bit kukhala chizindikiro cha 32-bit. Adapta yamtundu wa data imasunga kuyanjana kwa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zofananira za ogwiritsa ntchito. Ngati paketiyo ndi yaying'ono kuposa chiŵerengero cha makulidwe a data, adaputala yamtundu wa data imayika mtengo wopanda kanthu molingana. Sink iyenera kunyalanyaza mtengo wa ma bits okhudzana ndi zizindikiro zopanda kanthu.
6.3.2. Per-Packet User Signal
Kuphatikiza pa symbol_user, zizindikiro za ogwiritsa pa paketi (packet_user) zithanso kulengezedwa pamawonekedwe. Packet_user akhoza kukhala m'lifupi mwake. Mosiyana ndi symbol_user, packet_user iyenera kukhala yosasinthasintha pa paketi yonse, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wake uyenera kukhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa paketi ndipo uyenera kukhala womwewo mpaka kumapeto kwa paketi. Kuletsa kumeneku kumapangitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa adaputala yamtundu wa data kukhala kosavuta popeza kumachotsa mwayi wobwereza kapena kuwaza (gwero lonse, sinki yopapatiza) kapena kusungitsa (gwero lopapatiza, sinki yayikulu) packet_user.
Ngati gwero lili ndi packet_user ndipo sink alibe, paketi_wogwiritsa ntchito kuchokera kugwero amakhalabe akulendewera. Zikatero, wokonza dongosolo ayenera kusamala ndipo asatumize zidziwitso zilizonse zowongolera pa siginecha iyi chifukwa zimanyalanyazidwa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono.
Ngati gwero lilibe paketi_wogwiritsa ntchito ndipo sinkyo ilibe, paketi_wogwiritsa ntchito kumira amamangiriridwa ku 0.

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7. Avalon Conduit Interfaces

Zindikirani:

Mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit amagulumagulu gulu losasinthika la ma sigino. Mutha kufotokoza gawo lililonse la ma sigino a ma conduit. Komabe, mukalumikiza makoswe, maudindo ndi m'lifupi ziyenera kufanana, ndipo mayendedwe ayenera kukhala osiyana. Mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit angaphatikizepo zolowetsa, zotuluka, ndi ma siginecha apawiri. Ma module amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo a Avalon Conduit kuti apereke gulu lomveka bwino. Ma conduit interfaces amatha kulengeza wotchi yolumikizana nayo. Pamene zolumikizira zolumikizira zili m'magawo osiyanasiyana a wotchi, Platform Designer amapanga uthenga wolakwika.
Ngati n'kotheka, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Avalon-MM kapena Avalon-ST m'malo mopanga mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit. Platform Designer amapereka kutsimikizika ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe awa. Pulatifomu Designer sangathe kupereka zotsimikizira kapena kusintha mawonekedwe a Avalon Conduit.
Kulumikizana kwa ma conduit omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa ma siginecha akunja kwa chip, monga adilesi ya SDRAM, data ndi ma siginecha owongolera.

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Chithunzi 36. Yang'anani pa Chiyankhulo cha Conduit

Ethernet PHY

Avalon-MM System
Purosesa Avalon-MM
Host

Efaneti MAC
Avalon-MM Host

Custom logic
Avalon-MM Host

System Interconnect Nsalu

Avalon-MM Agent
SDRAM Controller

Avalon Agent
Custom logic

Conduit Interface
SDRAM Memory

Zolemba / Zothandizira

Intel MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito
MNL-AVABUSREF, Avalon Interface, MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

Maumboni

Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito

MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

Zolemba / Zothandizira

Maumboni

Siyani ndemanga

Letsani yankho