HOLTEK HT32 MCU UART Application Note Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito

Mawu Oyamba

The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter - UART ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri omwe amapereka kutumiza kwa data kwa asynchronous full-duplex data. Khodi ya pulogalamu ya "Module_UART" yomwe yaperekedwa m'chikalatachi imagwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza kwa TX/RX ndi ma ring buffers kuti agwiritse ntchito ma UART osavuta kutumiza/kulandira kudzera mu ma API, omwe ntchito zake zafotokozedwa pansipa. Izi zipangitsa kuti njira yonse yotumizira deta ikhale yosavuta ndikulola ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyankhulirana za UART.

• Tumizani / landirani ntchito: kuwerenga kwa byte, kulemba kwa byte, kuwerenga kwa buffer, kulemba kwa buffer, ndi zina.
• Ntchito zamakhalidwe: pezani kutalika kwa buffer, mawonekedwe a TX, ndi zina.

Chikalatachi chidzayamba kuwonetsa njira yolumikizirana ya UART, yomwe ithandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa bwino za kulumikizana kwa UART kuyambira pa mfundo kupita ku ntchito. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kutsitsa ndikukonzekera zinthu zomwe zimafunikira pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikiza laibulale ya firmware, kutsitsa kwamakhodi ogwiritsira ntchito, file ndi kasinthidwe kachikwatu komanso mawu oyambitsa chida chapulogalamu yomaliza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pacholembera. Mu chaputala cha Functional Description, chikwatu cha chikwatu cha ntchito, zosintha za parameter ndi kufotokozera kwa API zidzayambitsidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa API kudzafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito code ya "Module_UART" komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Flash/RAM komwe kumafunikira ma API kudzalembedwanso. Mutu wa Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito udzatsogolera wogwiritsa ntchito njira zokonzekera chilengedwe, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyesa kuti atsimikizire kuti code yogwiritsira ntchito idzagwira ntchito bwino. Idzaperekanso malangizo ofotokozera momwe mungaphatikizire ma API muzochita za ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo pamapeto pake ipereka zofotokozera zosintha ndi zovuta zomwe zingakumane nazo.

Machaputala ogwiritsidwa ntchito: 

• UART: Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
• API: Application Programming Interface
• LSB: Pang'ono Pang'ono
• MSB: Chofunikira kwambiri
• PC: Kompyuta Yanu
• Luso: Starter Kit, gulu lachitukuko la HT32
• IDE: Integrated Development Environment

UART Communication Protocol

UART ndi njira yolumikizirana yolumikizana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusinthika kwa data-to-seerial pa transmitter yake ndiyeno imalumikizana mosalekeza ndi wolandila yemweyo. Wolandirayo ndiye amapanga kutembenuka kwa data-to-parallel pambuyo polandira deta. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa chithunzi cha serial communication chosonyeza momwe deta imasamutsidwira pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake pakulumikizana kwapawiri pakati pa transmitter ndi wolandila, mawaya awiri okha, TX ndi RX, omwe amafunikira kusamutsa deta pakati pawo. TX ndi pini yomwe UART imatumiza deta yachinsinsi ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi pini ya RX ya wolandira. Chifukwa chake zida zotumizira ndi zolandila zimayenera kulumikiza zikhomo zawo za TX ndi RX kuti zizilumikizana ndi njira ziwiri za UART, monga zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.

Chithunzi 1. Seri Communication Diagram

Chithunzi 2. Chithunzi cha UART Circuit

Panthawi yolumikizirana ndi UART, kutumiza kwa data kumakhala kofanana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe wotchi kapena chizindikiro china cholumikizira pakati pa chotumizira ndi wolandila. Apa mlingo wa baud umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe ndi serial data transmitting/receiving speed and that is set by the both sides before data transfers. Kuphatikiza apo, ma bits apadera monga poyambira ndi kuyimitsa amawonjezedwa kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa paketi ya data kuti apange paketi yathunthu ya data ya UART. Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka paketi ya data ya UART pomwe Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa paketi ya data ya UART 8-bit popanda pang'ono.
Chithunzi 3. UART Data Packet Structure

Chithunzi 4. UART 8-bit Data Packet Format

Gawo lirilonse la paketi ya data ya UART imayambitsidwa motere pansipa.

• Poyambira: Izi zikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa paketi ya data. Pini ya UART TX nthawi zambiri imakhalabe pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kufalikira kusanayambe. Ngati kufalitsa kwa data kuyambika, chotumizira cha UART chimakoka pini ya TX kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 0, ndikuigwira pamenepo kwa wotchi imodzi. Wolandira UART ayamba kuwerenga deta pamene kusintha kwakukulu mpaka kutsika kwadziwika pa pini ya RX.
• Zambiri: Izi ndizomwe zimasamutsidwa, ndi kutalika kwa data 7, 8 kapena 9 bits. Deta nthawi zambiri imasamutsidwa ndi LSB poyamba.
• Parity Bit: Chiwerengero cha logic "1" mu deta chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe ngati deta iliyonse yasintha panthawi yopatsirana. Pakufanana, chiwerengero chonse cha logic "1" mu data iyenera kukhala nambala yofanana, mosiyana, chiwerengero cha logic "1" mu data chiyenera kukhala nambala yosamvetseka ya kufananiza kosamvetseka.
• Imani pang'ono: Izi zikuwonetsa kutha kwa paketi ya data, pomwe chotumizira cha UART chimakoka pini ya TX kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 1, ndikuigwira pamenepo kwa nthawi 1 kapena 2-bit.

Monga tafotokozera kale, popeza palibe chizindikiro cha wotchi mu dera la UART, liwiro lomwelo lotumizira / kulandira deta, lomwe limadziwika kuti mlingo wa baud, liyenera kufotokozedwa pakati pa transmitter ndi wolandira kuti agwiritse ntchito kufalitsa kopanda zolakwika. Mlingo wa baud umatanthauzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma bits omwe amasamutsidwa pamphindikati, mu bps (bit pa sekondi). Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi 4800bps, 9600bps, 19200bps, 115200bps, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi yofananira yofunikira posamutsa deta imodzi ikuwonetsedwa pansipa.
Table 1. Baud Rate vs. 1-Bit Transmission Time 

Mtengo wa Baud	1-Bit Kutumiza Nthawi
4800bps	208.33µs
9600bps	104.16µs
19200bps	52.08µs
115200bps	8.68µs

Kutsitsa kwazinthu ndi Kukonzekera

Mutuwu ufotokoza ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito ndi chida cha mapulogalamu ogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso momwe mungasankhire chikwatu ndi file njira.

Firmware Library 

Choyamba, onetsetsani kuti laibulale ya firmware ya Holtek HT32 yatsitsidwa musanagwiritse ntchito kachidindo. Ulalo wotsitsa ukuwonetsedwa pansipa. Pano pali njira ziwiri, HT32_M0p_Vyyyymmdd.zip ya mndandanda wa HT32F5xxxx ndi HT32_M3_Vyyyymmdd.zip ya mndandanda wa HT32F1xxxx. Tsitsani ndikutsegula zomwe mukufuna file.

Zipi file lili ndi mafoda angapo omwe angatchulidwe ngati Document, Firmware Library, Zida ndi zinthu zina, njira yoyikamo yomwe ikuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 5. Zip ya library ya firmware ya HT32 file ndi a file dzina la HT32_STD_xxxxx_FWLib_Vm.n.r_s.zip lili pansi pa chikwatu cha Firmware_Library.

Chithunzi 5. HT32_M0p_Vyyyymmdd.zip Zamkatimu

Kodi Application
Tsitsani khodi ya pulogalamu kuchokera pa ulalo wotsatirawu. Khodi yofunsira imayikidwa mu zip file ndi a file dzina la HT32_APPFW_xxxxx_APPCODENAME_Vm.n.r_s.zip. Mwaona Chithunzi 6 za file pangano la mayina.

Chithunzi 6. Code Application File Dzina Loyamba 

Ulalo wotsitsa: https://mcu.holtek.com.tw/ht32/app.fw/Module_UART/

File ndi Kusintha kwa Kalozera
Popeza nambala yofunsira ilibe laibulale ya firmware ya HT32 files, nambala yofunsira ndi laibulale ya firmware yosatsegulidwa files iyenera kuyikidwa m'njira yoyenera musanayambe kusonkhanitsa. Zip code application file nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chikwatu chimodzi kapena zingapo, monga pulogalamu ndi laibulale, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa chithunzi 7. Ikani chikwatu cha pulogalamu pansi pa HT32 firmware library root directory kuti mumalize file kasinthidwe ka njira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 8. Kapenanso, tsegulani kachidindo kachidindo ndi laibulale ya firmware ya HT32 panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zokonzekera zomwezo.

Chithunzi 7. HT32_APPFW_xxxxx_APPCODENAME_Vm.n.r_s.zip Zamkatimu

Chithunzi 8. Njira Yochepetsera

Mapulogalamu a Terminal
Khodi yogwiritsira ntchito imatha kusamutsa mauthenga kudzera pa doko la COM kuti mugwiritse ntchito kusankha ntchito kapena mawonekedwe. Izi zimafuna kuti wolandirayo akhazikitse pulogalamu yotsekera pasadakhale. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha pulogalamu yoyenera yolumikizira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yaulere yokhala ndi chilolezo monga Tera Term. Mu code yogwiritsira ntchito, njira ya UART imakonzedwa ndi kutalika kwa mawu a 8-bits, palibe parity, 1 stop bit ndi baud rate ya 115200bps.

Kufotokozera Kwantchito

Mutuwu upereka kufotokozera kwachindunji kwa code yogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikizapo zambiri za kalembedwe, kamangidwe ka API, kufotokozera, ndi zina zotero.

Kapangidwe ka Kalozera
Kodi application file ili ndi chikwatu cha pulogalamu. Chotsatira chotsatira ndi chikwatu cha "Module_UART" chomwe chili ndi mapulogalamu awiri, "UART_Module_Example" ndi "UART_Bridge". Zoyenera files zalembedwa ndikufotokozedwa pansipa.
Table 2. Application Code Directory Structure

Foda / File Dzina	Kufotokozera
\\ application\Module_UART\UART_Module_Example*1
_CreateProject.bat	Mabatch scripts popanga polojekiti files
_ProjectSource.ini	Kuyambitsa file powonjezera ma source code kumaprojekiti
ht32_board_config.h	Khazikitsa file zokhudzana ndi gawo la IC peripheral I/O
ht32fxxxx_01_it.c	Imitsani pulogalamu yautumiki file
chachikulu.c	Main program source code
\\ application\Module_UART\UART_Bridge*2
_CreateProject.bat	Mabatch scripts popanga polojekiti files
_ProjectSource.ini	Kuyambitsa file powonjezera ma source code kumaprojekiti
ht32_board_config.h	Khazikitsa file zokhudzana ndi gawo la IC peripheral I/O
ht32fxxxx_01_it.c	Imitsani pulogalamu yautumiki file
chachikulu.c	Gwero la pulogalamu yayikulu
uart_bridge.h uart_bridge.c	UART mlatho wamutu file ndi source kodi file
\\ zothandiza \ midware
uart_module.h*3 uart_module.c*3	Mutu wa API file ndi source kodi file
\\ zothandiza \ common
ringbuffer.h ring_buffer.c	Mapulogalamu ring bafa chamutu file ndi source kodi file

Zindikirani: 

1. Mu “UART_Module_Example", ma API owerengera ndi kulemba amachitidwa mwanjira ya loopback, kutanthauza "API Usage Ex.amples" gawo kuti mumve zambiri.
2.  Mu code yogwiritsira ntchito "UART_Bridge", ma tchanelo awiri a UART, UART CH0 ndi UART CH1, amayatsidwa, ndipo njira zoyankhulirana zoyankhulirana kudzera m'magulu a COMMAND zimakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zida ziwiri za UART. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani "API Usage Examples” gawo.
3. Khodi yofunsira iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito uart_module.c/h files omwe ali ndi zofunikira za library library. Zofunikira zimatha kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi malinga ndi zosintha. Kuti mutsimikize zofunikira za mtundu wa laibulale ya firmware yomwe ilipo, yang'anani zomwe zikudalira posaka mawu osakira "Check Dependency" mu main.c file. Ngati mtundu wa laibulale ya firmware sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, tsitsani mtundu watsopano kwambiri kuchokera pa ulalo womwe waperekedwa pagawo la "Firmware Library".

API Architecture
API iliyonse ili ndi gawo lofunikira CH, lomwe ndi UART Channel. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ndi njira iti ya UART yomwe iyenera kuyendetsedwa. Pakalipano mpaka ma njira anayi a UART amathandizidwa ndipo chifukwa chake zizindikiro zinayi zokhazikika zimafotokozedwa motere. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo CH kupereka ma API maziko owongolera.

• UARTM_CH0: gawo lolowera - wongolera kapena sinthani UART CH0
• UARTM_CH1: gawo lolowera - wongolera kapena sinthani UART CH1
• UARTM_CH2: gawo lolowera - wongolera kapena sinthani UART CH2
• UARTM_CH3: gawo lolowera - wongolera kapena sinthani UART CH3

Malo okumbukira sangawonongeke ngati njira imodzi yokha ya UART itagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa njira za UART zothandizidwa zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndipo nambala ya njira ya UART yosagwiritsidwa ntchito idzachotsedwa ndi preprocessor kuti awonjezere malo okumbukira omwe alipo. Zomangamanga za API zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 9.

Chithunzi 9. API Architecture Block Diagram

API iliyonse imapangidwa ndi magulu anayi a zoikamo kapena zowongolera zokhudzana ndi njira ya UART kotero kuti ogwiritsa ntchito amangofunika kulowetsa CH yomwe akufuna. Kuti mukonze API yoyenera, zimangofunika kukhala ndi tebulo lowonjezera la UART loyambira ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe, USART_InitTypeDef. API idzakhazikitsa masinthidwe oyambira a UART molingana ndi zomwe zili patebulo. Onani gawo la "API Description" patebulo loyambira la UART.

The uart_module.c/.h files amangokhala ndi zosokoneza (CHx_IRQ) ​​ndi tebulo lazomwe (CHx Status) za tchanelo chilichonse cha UART pomwe zokonda zonse zofunika pakulankhulana kwa UART zimaperekedwa ndi ht32_board_config.h. Magawo ofunikira a hardware mu ht32_board_config.h file akuwonetsedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu. Zambiri zaperekedwa mu gawo la "Kufotokozera Zosintha".

Magawo ofunikira a hardware mu ht32_board_config.h akuphatikizapo zoikamo za I/O ndi zoikamo zapakhomo la UART, motere.

Table 3. Tanthauzo Zizindikiro mu ht32_board_config.h

Chizindikiro	Kufotokozera
HTCFG_UARTM_CH0	Dzina la doko la UART lakuthupi; Eksample: UART0, UART1…
HTCFG_UARTM0_TX_GPIO_PORT	Imatanthauzira dzina ladoko la TX la CH0; Eksampndi: A, B, C...
HTCFG_UARTM0_TX_GPIO_PIN	Imatanthauzira nambala ya pini ya TX ya CH0; Eksampku: 0-15
HTCFG_UARTM0_RX_GPIO_PORT	Imatanthauzira dzina ladoko la RX la CH0; Eksampndi: A, B, C...
HTCFG_UARTM0_RX_GPIO_PIN	Imatanthauzira nambala ya pini ya TX ya CH0; Eksampku: 0-15
HTCFG_UARTM0_TX_BUFFER_SIZE	Imatanthawuza kukula kwa TX buffer kwa CH0; Eksampndi: 128
HTCFG_UARTM0_RX_BUFFER_SIZE	Imatanthawuza kukula kwa buffer ya RX ya CH0; Eksampndi: 128

Kuti musinthe masinthidwe a UART AFIO, onaninso tsatanetsatane wa chipangizocho. Pakadali pano matanthauzo a I/O okha a UART CH0 ayamba kugwira ntchito popeza UART CH0 yokha ndiyomwe idakonzedwa mu ht32_board_config.h. Kuti muwonjezere UART CH1~3, matanthauzo awo a I/O akuyenera kukwaniritsidwa potchula tanthauzo la UART CH0 kapena kunena za gawo la "Kusintha Mapangidwe ndi Mafunso".

Pali zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zomanga API: 

1. Mpaka ma njira anayi a UART amathandizidwa. Zolowa zawo ndi UARTM_CH0, UARTM_CH1, UARTM_CH2 ndi UARTM_CH3.
2.  Chiwerengero cha njira za UART zitha kukhazikitsidwa ndipo mayendedwe osagwiritsidwa ntchito sangachepetse malo okumbukira omwe alipo.
3. Zokonda zonse za UART ndi matanthauzo a I / O amasiyanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi ma API. Izi zimawonjezera kuwongolera kwabwino kwa kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zoikamo zolakwika kapena zosowa.

Kufotokozera Zokhazikitsa 

Gawoli liyambitsa zoikamo mu ht32_board_config.h ndi uart_module.h files.

1. ht32_board_config.h: Izi file imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera mapini ndi makonzedwe oyenera a board, omwe akuphatikiza njira ya UART IP (UART0, UART1, USART0…) yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Starter Kit (SK), malo ofananira a TX/RX ndi kukula kwa buffer ya TX/RX. Chithunzi 10 chikuwonetsa zomwe zili mu HT32F52352 Starter Kit. Kutengera kuphatikizika kwachitukuko, ogwiritsa ntchito angatchule gawo la "Pin Assignment" lachidziwitso cha chipangizo chogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse matanthauzo a pini. Zambiri zokhuza kusinthidwa zidzafotokozedwa mu gawo la "Kusintha ndi Ma FAQ".
   Chithunzi 10. ht32_board_config.h Zikhazikiko (HT32F52352)
   
2. uart_module.h: Ichi ndiye mutu wa API file yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi code yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe imaphatikizapo zoikidwiratu zoyenera, matanthauzidwe a ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 11, zosintha zokhazikika zingathe kulembedwa ndi zosintha zakunja, monga zoikamo mu ht32_board_config.h file.
   Chithunzi 11. Zosintha Zosasinthika mu uart_module.h
   

Kufotokozera kwa API

1. Kufotokozera kwa mtundu wa data ya code code.
   • USART_InitTypeDef
     Ili ndilo dongosolo loyambira la UART lomwe limapangidwa ndi BaudRate, WordLength, StopBits, Parity ndi Mode masanjidwe, monga momwe tawonetsera pansipa.

     Zosintha Dzina	Mtundu	Kufotokozera
     USART_BaudRate	ku 32	Mtengo wolumikizirana wa UART
     USART_WordLength	ku 16	UART kulankhulana kutalika: 7, 8 kapena 9 bits
     USART_StopBits	ku 16	Kulumikizana kwa UART kuyimitsidwa kutalika: 1 kapena 2 bits
     USART_Parity	ku 16	Kulumikizana kwa UART: ngakhale, osamvetseka, chizindikiro, malo kapena osafanana
     USART_Mode	ku 16	Njira yolumikizirana ya UART; ma API amangogwira ntchito yabwinobwino

2. Musanagwiritse ntchito ntchito za API, malizitsani masinthidwe oyambira a UART mu pulogalamu yayikulu. Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa UART kwa code iyi yogwiritsira ntchito kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 12. Pano mlingo wa baud ndi 115200bps, kutalika kwa mawu ndi 8-bit, stop bit kutalika ndi 1-bit, ndipo palibe kufanana.
   Chithunzi 12. UART Basic Configuration
   
3. Chithunzi 13 chikuwonetsa ntchito za API zolengezedwa mu uart_module.h file. Matebulo otsatirawa akufotokoza ntchito, magawo olowetsamo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za API.
   Chithunzi 13. Kulengeza kwa Ntchito ya API mu uart_module.h 
   

Dzina	opanda UARTM_Init(u32 CH, USART_InitTypeDef *pUART_Init, u32 uRxTimeOutValue)
Ntchito	Kuyambitsa kwa module ya UART
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
	pUART_Init	UART Basic kasinthidwe kamangidwe pointer
	uRxTimeOutValue	UART RX FIFO mtengo watha. RX FIFO ikalandira deta yatsopano kauntala idzayambiranso ndikuyambiranso. Kauntala ikafika pamtengo wokhazikitsidwa kale ndipo kusokoneza kwanthawi yofananirako kwayatsidwa, kusokoneza kwa nthawi kumapangidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito	UARTM_Init(UARTM_CH0, &USART_InitStructure, 40);//Pangani makonzedwe oyambira a UART// Onani Chithunzi 12 cha kasinthidwe ka USART_InitStructure

Dzina	u32 UARTM_WriteByte(u32 CH, u8 uData)
Ntchito	UART moduli kulemba byte ntchito (TX)
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
	uData	Zomwe ziyenera kulembedwa
Zotulutsa	ZABWINO	Zapambana
	ZOLAKWA	Zalephera
Kugwiritsa ntchito	UARTM_WriteByte(UARTM_CH0, 'A'); // UART imalemba 1 byte - 'A'

Dzina	u32 UARTM_Write(u32 CH, u8 *pBuffer, u32 uLength)
Ntchito	UART moduli kulemba ntchito (TX)
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
	pBuffer	Buffer pointer
	uLength	Kutalika kwa deta yoti ilembedwe
Zotulutsa	ZABWINO	Zapambana
	ZOLAKWA	Zalephera
Kugwiritsa ntchito	u8 Mayeso[] = “Awa ndi mayeso!\r\n”; UARTM_Write(UARTM_CH0, Test, sizeof(Mayeso) -1); // UART imalemba pBuffer data

Dzina	u32 UARTM_ReadByte(u32 CH, u8 *pData)
Ntchito	UART module read byte operation (RX)
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
	pData	Adilesi yoyika data yowerengedwa
Zotulutsa	ZABWINO	Zapambana
	ZOLAKWA	Zalephera (palibe data)
Kugwiritsa ntchito	u8 TempData; ngati (UARTM_ReadByte(UARTM_CH0, &TempData) == SUCCESS){UARTM_WriteByte(UARTM_CH0, TempData);}//Ngati UARTM_ReadByte() ibweza SUCCESS ndiye UART imalemba baiti ya datayi

Dzina	u32 UARTM_Read(u32 CH, u8 *pBuffer, u32 uLength)
Ntchito	UART module kuwerenga ntchito (RX)
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
	pBuffer	Buffer pointer
	uLength	Kutalika kwa deta yoti iwerengedwe
Zotulutsa	Werengani kuwerenga	Kutalika kwa deta kwawerengedwa
Kugwiritsa ntchito	u8 Mayeso2[10]; u32 Len; Len = UARTM_Read(UARTM_CH0, Test2, 5); ngati (Len > 0){UARTM_Write(UARTM_CH0, Test2, Len);}//UARTM_Read() imawerenga ma byte 5 a data ndikusunga data mu Test2, ndikugawa ma byte owerengera ku Len//Lembani zomwe zachokera ku Test2

Dzina	ku 32 UARTM_GetReadBufferLength(u32 CH)
Ntchito	Pezani kutalika kwa buffer kutalika (RX)
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
Zotulutsa	uLength	Werengani kutalika kwa buffer
Kugwiritsa ntchito	UARTM_Init(UARTM_CH0, &USART_InitStructure, 40); //Kuyambitsa gawo la UART pomwe (UARTM_GetReadBufferLength(UARTM_CH0) <5);//Dikirani mpaka UARTM_ReadBuffer italandira ma byte 5 a data

Dzina	ku 32 UARTM_GetWriteBufferLength(u32 CH)
Ntchito	Pezani kutalika kwa buffer kutalika (TX)
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
Zotulutsa	uLength	Lembani kutalika kwa bafa

Dzina	u8 UARTM_IsTxFinished(u32 CH)
Ntchito	Pezani mawonekedwe a TX
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART
Zotulutsa	ZOONA	Udindo wa TX: watha
	ZABODZA	Udindo wa TX: sunathe
Kugwiritsa ntchito	UARTM_WriteByte(UARTM_CH0, 'O'); #ngati 1 // “uart_module.c” SVN >= 525 yofunikirako (UARTM_IsTxFinished(UARTM_CH0) == ZABODZA) #mwina (1) #endif // API iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana momwe TX ilili, monga momwe tawonetsera pamwambapa; dikirani mpaka UARTM_WriteByte() API itatha, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a TX ali OONA, ndiyeno pitirizani kuchitapo kanthu.//Chiletso chawonjezeredwa chifukwa ntchitoyi sinawonjezedwe mpaka nambala ya SVN mu uart_module.c ndi 525.

Dzina	opanda UARTM_DiscardReadBuffer(u32 CH)
Ntchito	Tayani zomwe zili mu buffer yowerenga
Zolowetsa	CH	Chithunzi cha UART

Kugwiritsa Ntchito API Examples 

Gawoli liwonetsa zolemba za API ndikuwerenga zakaleampzochepa za "Module_UART" kachidindo ka ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyambira ndi "UART_Module_Example" ndondomeko ya code yogwiritsira ntchito. Musanagwiritse ntchito ma API, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuphatikiza mutu wa API file mu main program source code file (#include “middleware/uart_module.h”).

Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 14, polowa mumayendedwe oyambitsa, choyamba fotokozerani kamangidwe ka UART koyambira. Kenako konzani mamembala oyambira a UART kuphatikiza BaudRate, WordLength, StopBits, Parity ndi Mode. Pomaliza, imbani ntchito yoyambitsa API, kumaliza kwake kukuwonetsa kutha kwa njira yoyambira. Izi zikachitika, ogwiritsa ntchito atha kupitiliza kulemba ndikuwerenga ntchito potengera kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa UART.

Chithunzi 14. Kuyambitsa Flowchart

"UART_Module_Example" khodi yogwiritsira ntchito imasonyeza API yowerengera ndi kulemba ntchito m'njira ya loopback. Mayendedwe a izi akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 15. Ntchito za API zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikuphatikizapo UARTM_WriteByte (), UARTM_Write (), UARTM_ReadByte (), UARTM_Read() ndi UARTM_GetReadBufferLength (). Kufotokozera kwawo kumaperekedwa mu gawo la "API Description".

Chithunzi 15. Flowchart of Write and Read Examples

Palinso kachidindo kena ka "UART_Bridge" pansi pa chikwatu cha "Module_UART" chomwe chikugwirizana file Kufotokozera kumayambika mu gawo la "Directory Structure". Khodi ya pulogalamu ya "UART_Bridge" imatsegula ma tchanelo awiri a UART, UART CH0 ndi UART CH1, kenako imasintha njira yolumikizirana pakati pa zida ziwiri za UART kudzera mumagulu a COMMAND, gCMD1 ndi gCMD2. Izi zikufotokozedwa mu uart_bridge.c, monga momwe zilili pansipa. UARTBridge_CMD1TypeDef gCMD1:

Zosintha Dzina	Mtundu	Kufotokozera
uHeader	u8	Mutu
uCmd	u8	Lamulo
uData[3]	u8	Deta

UARTBridge_CMD2TypeDef gCMD2:

Zosintha Dzina	Mtundu	Kufotokozera
uHeader	u8	Mutu
uCmdA	u8	Command A
uCmdB	u8	Command B
uData[3]	u8	Deta

Mu kachidindo ka "UART_Bridge", gwiritsani ntchito gCMD1 kulandira deta ngati paketi yolamula ndikusanthula. Kenako malinga ndi njira yolumikizirana makonda, ikani gCMD2 ngati paketi yoyankhira ndikuyitumiza. Chotsatira ndi example la paketi yolamula gCMD1) ndi paketi yoyankha (gCMD2). Lamulo Paketi (UARTBridge_CMD1TypeDef gCMD1):

Ndi 0	Ndi 1	Byte 2 ~ Byte 4
uHeader	uCmd	uData [3]
"A"	"1"	"x,y,z"

Phukusi Lamayankho (UARTBridge_CMD2TypeDef gCMD2):

Ndi 0	Ndi 1	Ndi 2	Byte 3 ~ Byte 5
uHeader	uCmdA	uCmdB	uData [3]
"B"	"a"	"1"	"x,y,z"

Ntchito Zothandizira
Kutenga HT32F52352 ngati exampndi, zothandizira zomwe zili ndi gawo la UART zikuwonetsedwa pansipa.

	Chithunzi cha HT32F52352
ROM kukula	946 bati
Kukula kwa RAM	40*1 + 256*2 Mabayiti

Zindikirani:

1. Zosintha zapadziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza mbendera ndi mawonekedwe a njira imodzi zimakhala ndi ma byte 40 a RAM.
2.  Izi ndizochitika pomwe njira imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo kukula kwa buffer kwa TX/RX ndi 128/128 bytes. Kukula kwa buffer kumatha kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito.

Table 4. Application Code Resource Occupation 

• Malo ophatikiza: MDK-Arm V5.36, ARMCC V5.06 update 7 (build 960)
• Konzani njira: Gawo 2 (-O2)

Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito

Mutuwu ufotokoza za kukonzekera kwa chilengedwe kwa code yogwiritsira ntchito "Module_UART", komanso masitepe ophatikiza ndi kuyesa.

Kukonzekera Kwachilengedwe
Zida ndi mapulogalamu ofunikira pa code ya "Module_UART" zalembedwa pansipa.
Table 5. Kukonzekera Kwachilengedwe kwa Hardware / Mapulogalamu 

Hardware/Mapulogalamu	Werengani	Zindikirani
Zida Zoyambira	1	Cholemba ichi chimagwiritsa ntchito HT32F52352 Starter Kit ngati chkaleample
Chingwe cha USB	1	Micro USB, yolumikizidwa ndi PC
Kodi Application	—	Njira download, file ndi kasinthidwe kachikwatu akuyambika mu gawo la "Resource Download and Preparation".Path: "\application\Module_UART\UART_Module_Example"
Tera Term	—	Pitani ku gawo la "Terminal Software".
Keil IDE	—	Keil uVision V5.xx

Choyamba, gwiritsani ntchito HT32F52352 Starter Kit pamodzi ndi Virtual COM Port (VCP) ntchito ya e-Link32 Lite poyambitsa UART application. Izi zimafuna kukonzekera kotereku kwa chilengedwe kuti kuchitidwe:

1. Pali mitundu iwiri ya USB pa bolodi. Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe cha USB kulumikiza PC ndi mawonekedwe a eLink32 Lite pa bolodi monga momwe zikusonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 16-(a).
2. Popeza nambala yofunsira ikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya e-Link32 Lite Virtual COM Port (VCP), onetsetsani kuti PAx*2 ndi DAP_Tx ya UART Jumper-J2*1 yafupikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chodumpha. Malo a J2 akuwonetsedwa ndi Chithunzi 16-(b).

Zindikirani

1. J2 pa Starter Kit ili ndi njira ziwiri, PAx ndi DAP_Tx zazifupi kapena PAx ndi RS232_Tx zazifupi. Onani buku la ogwiritsa ntchito Starter Kit kuti mumve zambiri.
2. Malo a pini a MCU UART RX pama Starter Kits osiyanasiyana ndi osiyana. Ex iziample amagwiritsa PAx kuwonetsa pini ya RX.

Chithunzi 16. Chithunzi cha HT32 Starter Kit Block

Tsopano gwiritsani ntchito bolodi la ogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi Virtual COM Port (VCP) ntchito ya e-Link32 Pro poyambitsa pulogalamu ya UART. Izi zimafuna kukonzekera kotereku kwa chilengedwe kuti kuchitidwe:

1. Mbali imodzi ya e-Link32 Pro imalumikizidwa ndi PC pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe chaching'ono cha USB ndipo mbali inayo imalumikizidwa ndi bolodi la ogwiritsa ntchito kudzera pa chingwe chake cha 10-bit imvi. Kulumikizana pakati pa mawonekedwe a SWD a chingwe ndi bolodi yolowera kumayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mizere ya Dupont, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 17-(a).
2. Ma serial communication pins a e-Link32 Pro ndi Pin#7 VCOM_RXD ndi Pin#8- VCOM_TXD. Izi ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi zikhomo za TX ndi RX za bolodi la omwe akugwiritsa ntchito, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 17-(b).
   Chithunzi 17. e-Link32 Pro + User Target Board Block Diagram
   

Kuphatikiza ndi Kuyesa
Gawoli litenga "application\Module_UART\UART_Module_Example" ngati example kuti adziwitse njira zophatikizira ndi kuyesa. Izi zisanachitike, onetsetsani kuti zokonzekera zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa m'gawo lapitalo zakwaniritsidwa komanso kuti pulogalamu ya Tera Term terminal yatsitsidwa.

Mwatsatanetsatane masitepe opareshoni akufupikitsidwa pansipa.
Gawo 1. Mayeso amphamvu

Konzani chilengedwe cha hardware monga momwe tafotokozera m'gawo lapitalo. Mukayatsa, mphamvu ya D9 ya LED kumunsi kumanzere kwa Starter Kit idzawunikiridwa. D1 USB LED pa e-Link32 Lite kumtunda kumanja idzawunikiridwa pambuyo pomaliza kuwerengera kwa USB. Ngati D1 sinawunikidwe pakapita nthawi yayitali, tsimikizirani ngati chingwe cha USB chimatha kulumikizana. Ngati sichoncho ndiye chotsani ndikuyikanso.

Gawo 2. Pangani polojekiti
Tsegulani pulogalamuyo\Module_UART\UART_Module_Example foda, dinani pa _CreateProject.bat file kupanga pulojekiti, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 18. Popeza kuti cholemberachi chimagwiritsa ntchito HT32F52352 Starter Kit, tsegulani polojekiti ya Keil IDE "Project_52352.uvprojx" yomwe ili pansi pa chikwatu cha MDK_ARMv5.

Chithunzi 18. Execute _CreateProject.bat to Generate Project

Gawo 3. Lembani ndi pulogalamu
Ntchito ikatsegulidwa, dinani kaye "Mangani" (kapena gwiritsani ntchito njira yachidule "F7"), kenako dinani "Koperani" (kapena gwiritsani ntchito njira yachidule "F8"). Pambuyo pake, zotsatira za kumanga ndi kutsitsa zidzawonetsedwa pawindo la Build Output. Onani Chithunzi 19.

Chithunzi 19. Pangani ndi Koperani Zotsatira

Gawo 4. Tsegulani pulogalamu ya Tera Term ndikukonzekera doko la serial
Tsegulani pulogalamu ya Tera Term ndi doko la COM. Samalani ngati nambala ya doko ya COM yopangidwa ndi Starter Kit ndiyolondola kapena ayi. Kenako dinani "Setup >> Seri Port" kulowa kasinthidwe mawonekedwe. Kukonzekera kwa mawonekedwe a UART a code "Module_UART" yogwiritsira ntchito ikufotokozedwa mu gawo la "Terminal Software". Zotsatira zakukhazikitsa zikuwonetsedwa pazithunzi 20.

Chithunzi 20. Zotsatira za Tera Term Serial Port Setup

Gawo 5. Bwezerani dongosolo ndi kuyesa
Dinani SK reset kiyi - B1 Bwezerani. Pambuyo pake, "ABCThis ndi mayeso!" uthenga udzakhala
kutumizidwa kudzera mu API ndipo idzawonetsedwa pawindo la Term Term, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 21. Ponena za ntchito yolandira, polowetsa deta muwindo la Term Term, API yoyenera idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudziwe kutalika kwa buffer. Deta yolandiridwa ndi PC ikafika ma byte 5, ma byte 5 omwe adalandira adzatumizidwa motsatizana. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 22, deta yomwe yalowetsedwa motsatizana ndi "1, 2, 3, 4, 5", yomwe imalandiridwa ndikutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu API. Pambuyo pake, deta "1, 2, 3, 4, 5" idzasindikizidwa pambuyo pa zolowetsa zisanu.

Chithunzi 21. "Module_UART" Application Code Functional Test - Transmit

Chithunzi 22. "Module_UART" Application Code Functional Test - Landirani

Malangizo Omuika
Gawoli likuwonetsa momwe mungaphatikizire ma API muzochita za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Gawo 1. Onjezani uart_module.c file mu polojekiti. Dinani kumanja pa User chikwatu. Sankhani "Onjezani Zomwe Zilipo Files ku Gulu 'Wogwiritsa'…”, kenako sankhani uart_module.c file ndipo dinani "Onjezani", monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 23. Onani gawo la "Directory Structure" file kufotokoza njira.

Chithunzi 23. Onjezani uart_module.c File ku Project

Gawo 2. Onjezani ring_buffer.c file mu polojekiti. Dinani kumanja pa User chikwatu. Sankhani "Onjezani Zomwe Zilipo Files ku Gulu 'Wogwiritsa'…”, kenako sankhani ring_buffer.c file ndipo dinani "Onjezani", monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 24.\ Onani gawo la "Directory Structure" file kufotokoza njira.
Chithunzi 24 Onjezani ring_buffer.c File ku Project 

Gawo 3. Phatikizani mutu wa API file mpaka kuchiyambi kwa main.c, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 25. (Kuwonjezera: #include “middleware/uart_module.h”)
Chithunzi 25. Phatikizanipo Mutu wa API File ku main.c

Gawo 4. Limbikitsani zochunira zofunika pakulankhulana kwa UART pogwiritsa ntchito ht32_board_config.h file. Izi zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'magawo a "Kufotokozera Zosintha" ndi "Kusintha Mapangidwe ndi Ma FAQ".

Kukhazikitsa Kusintha ndi FAQs 

Gawoli likuwonetsa momwe mungasinthire ma UART ndikufotokozera mafunso omwe anthu amakumana nawo mukamagwiritsa ntchito.

Sinthani Ntchito ya Pin ya UART 

1. Ponena za mutu wa HT32F52352 Datasheet "Pin Assignment", yang'anani pa Alternate Function Mapping table yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa ntchito za AFIO za mtundu wa chipangizocho. Pa mapini oyenera a UART, onetsani gawo la "AF6 UART/UART", monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 26.
   Chithunzi 26. HT32F52352 Ntchito Zina Mapu Table
   
   
2. Izi zitsogolera ogwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze zikhomo za UART zofananira pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo pamwambapa. Chithunzi cha HT32F52352ample amagwiritsa UART1 ngati njira yokhazikika. Apa, zikhomo za TX ndi RX ndi USR1_TX ndi USR1_RX ndipo zili pa PA4 ndi PA5 motsatana. Chithunzi 27 chikuwonetsa makalata a pini komanso matanthauzo a pini mu "ht32_board_config.h". Magawo opanda kanthu a "Phukusi" patebulo logawira pini amatanthauza kuti palibe ma GPIO ofunikira mu phukusili. Kuti musinthe mapini a UART, pezani malo omwe mukufuna ndikutanthauziranso mapiniwo pogwiritsa ntchito "ht32_board_config.h" file.
   Chithunzi 27. Pinani Mauthenga ndi Kusintha Kusintha
   
   

Onjezani UART Channel
Kutenga HT32F52352 HTCFG_UARTM_CH1 ngati wakaleample, apa zikulongosoledwa momwe mungawonjezere njira yatsopano ya UART.

Sinthani ht32_board_config.h file
Ponena za mutu wa HT32F52352 Datasheet "Pin Assignment", yang'anani pa Alternate Function Mapping table yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa ntchito za AFIO za mtundu wa chipangizocho. Monga USART1 yagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati HTCFG_UARTM_CH0, HTCFG_UARTM_CH1 yomwe yangowonjezedwa kumene ingasankhe USART0. Pano, zikhomo za TX ndi RX zili pa PA2 ndi PA3 motsatira, monga momwe tawonetsera mu theka lapamwamba la Chithunzi 28. Zosintha zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mizere ya code 120 ~ 126 mu ht32_board_config.h, monga momwe tawonetsera ndi bokosi lofiira lofiira mu Chithunzi. 28.

Chithunzi 28. Onjezerani UART Channel

FAQs
Q: Mu gawo 5 la gawo la Compilation and Test, kuyesa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikwabwinobwino. Apa, "ABBCThis is test!" uthenga wawonetsedwa bwino, komabe chifukwa cha ntchito yolandila, chifukwa chiyani ziwerengero zisanu zolowetsazo sizinabwezedwe ndikuwonetsedwa?
A: Onani ngati ma MCU UART RX ndi DAP_Tx mapini a UART Jumper-J2 afupikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chodumpha. Popeza kachidindo ka pulogalamu ya "Module_UART" ikufunika kugwiritsa ntchito Virtual COM Port (VCP) ya e-Link32 Lite, masinthidwe amfupi akuyenera kuyikidwa kumanzere kwa mapini awiri a UART Jumper-J2, monga momwe chithunzi 29 chikusonyezera.

Chithunzi 29. UART Jumper-J2 Kukhazikitsa

Q: Pambuyo ndikuchita "Pangani" (kapena njira yachidule "F7"), pali uthenga wolakwika wosonyeza kuti laibulale ya firmware ndi yakale kwambiri kuposa yomwe ikufunika? Onani Chithunzi 30.
A: Kukhazikitsa kachidindo ka pulogalamu ya "Module_UART" kuyenera kuphatikiza uart_module.c/h files yomwe ili ndi chofunikira pa mtundu wina wa library library. Pamene uthenga wolakwika woterewu ukuwonekera, zikutanthauza kuti laibulale ya firmware yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa ndi yakale. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsitsa mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri kudzera pa ulalo womwe waperekedwa mugawo la "Firmware Library".

Chithunzi 30. Firmware Library Version Uthenga Wolakwika

Mapeto

Chikalatachi chapereka chiwongolero chofunikira chothandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa bwino za "Module_UART" code yogwiritsira ntchito ndi njira yolumikizirana ya UART. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kutsitsa ndi kukonzekera. Mutu wa Functional Description udayambitsa file kapangidwe ka chikwatu, kamangidwe ka API, kulongosola kwa API ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka APIamples. Mutu wa Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito unawonetsa kukonzekera, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyesa kachidindo ka ntchito ya "Module_UART". Idaperekanso malangizo osinthira ma code ndikusintha kakhazikitsidwe komanso kufotokozera zovuta zina zomwe zingakumane nazo. Zonsezi pamodzi zidzalola ogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa mwamsanga momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ma API ndipo kenako amachepetsa nthawi yoti ayambe.

Nkhani Zolozera

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani Holtek webWebusayiti: www.holtek.com

Mabaibulo ndi Zambiri Zosintha

Tsiku	Wolemba	Kumasula	Zambiri Zosintha
2022.04.30	蔡期育(Chi-Yu Tsai)	V1.00	Mtundu Woyamba

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Zolemba / Zothandizira

HOLTEK HT32 MCU UART Application Note [pdf] Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito HT32 MCU, UART Application Note, HT32 MCU UART, Application Note, HT32, MCU UART Application Note, HT32 MCU UART Application Note

Maumboni

• Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito