Morse Micro MM6108 Eval Kit
Specifications
- Product Name: MM6108 – OpenWrt 2.6
- Version: August 2024
- Eval Kit: MM6108 Eval Kit – OpenWrt 2.6 User Guide – v18
Product Information
The MM6108 is a device that runs OpenWrt 2.6 and is designed for various networking configurations and testing scenarios. It features USB-A ports for connecting peripherals, a USB-C connector for power input, Micro HDMI display outputs, and a headphone jack. The device supports different operating modes such as Standalone Access Point, Layer 2 bridging, mesh configurations, iPerf traffic testing, EasyMesh setup, video streaming, and advanced configurations.
EKH01 Setup
To set up the EKH01, follow these steps:
- Connect the power adapter to mains power and to the EKH01 via the USB-C connector.
- Connect any peripherals to the USB-A ports.
- For serial console access, connect a USB to serial adapter to one of the USB-A ports before booting the device (operates at 115,200 bps 8N1).
- Use the Micro HDMI display outputs for visual feedback.
EKH03 Setup
The EKH03 setup is similar to the EKH01 setup with additional functionalities.
Basic Setup
Follow the same steps as for EKH01 setup and utilize the device according to your requirements.
FAQs
Q: How do I reset the device to default configuration?
A: To reset the device, follow these steps:
- If web UI access is available, navigate to the reset option in the settings.
- If SSH access is available, use the appropriate command for resetting.
- If there is no network access, refer to the specific instructions for EKH01 or EKH03 based on your device.
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Overview
Thank you for choosing to evaluate Morse Micro 802.11ah HaLow for use in your application. This guide will get you started using the kit and evaluating the 802.11ah technology. It is primarily intended for users of the web UI but will mention other conûguration methods for reference. The Morse Micro Web UI provides a graphical method of viewing and modifying the device conûguration, in particular the operating mode and HaLow radio parameters. The interface is available on EKH01 and EKH03 evaluation kits, and is based on the standard LuCI interface of OpenWrt. Section 2 of this document provides a brief description on how to set up the hardware and outlines the basic scenarios that might be used for evaluation. Section 3 explains how to conûgure a system for the ûrst time using the Morse Micro Web UI. Section 4 and 5 describes how to test the performance of Wi-Fi HaLow by using Wavemon and iPerf. Section 8 has a description of some of the available GUI screens & tools, and Section 9 provides advanced conûguration tips that are not usually required but may be useful in some situations. Section 10 describes the conûguration architecture, and how UI conûguration is passed through the system to effect changes. Section 11 provides some troubleshooting advice for common problems. Throughout this document, references to 8AP9 imply a Wi-Fi Access Point and references to 8STA9 imply a Wi-Fi station.
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2 Device Setup
A brief description of the hardware and browser set-up is included below for conûguration via the Web GUI, along with a description of the standard test setup scenarios.
2.1 EKH01
microSD card – this contains the device ûrmware. Status LEDs – the red LED indicates power, and the green LED indicates SD card activity. USB Type-C – USB-C port for supplying power to the EKH01. The kit includes an AC
adapter that converts mains power to 5V for the EKH01 via the USB-C connector. Micro HDMI1 – Micro HDMI display outputs for EKH01 Headphone Jack1 – not typically used.
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USB Ports1 – USB-A ports for connecting peripherals and USB to serial adapter. Any of these ports can be used for serial console access, but note the cable must be plugged in at boot time to be detected. The serial console operates at 115,200 bps 8N1 by default.
Ethernet – Ethernet port for either a LAN connection (e.g. a laptop) or an upstream WAN connection (e.g. gateway router).
(Optional) Camera – the device may include a camera depending on the kit version ordered.
1 Engineering debug use only
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2.1.1 Basic setup
1. Connect the antenna to the RF connector on top of the unit. 2. Optional – connect an RJ45 Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port if required. 3. Optional – connect a USB-serial cable to any of the USB ports if required for debugging. This
is not usually required. 4. Once power is applied, it should take the device around 60 seconds to boot up and be
operational.
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2.2 EKH03
USB Type-C – Powers the board and can function as an Ethernet-to-USB adapter if the USB mode switch is in the left position.
USB – this port can be used for connecting peripheral devices to the EKH03. RGB Status LED – this is a multi-color LED that is used to indicate the status of the device
(see below in 8Basic Setup9 for details). USB Mode Switch – Select whether to use the USB-C or Ethernet port for LAN connection.
Direction of the switch point the selected prot to use (left – USB-C for Ethernet right Ethernet port for Ethernet) Ethernet port – Ethernet port for either a LAN connection (e.g. a laptop) or an upstream WAN connection (e.g. gateway router). Reset button – this can be used to reset the device. Pressing and holding the button for 10 seconds will trigger a full factory reset of the device, returning it to the factory default conûguration. Further details in section 3.8 on DPP push button. 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi – by default, the EKH03 will bring up a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi access point which is bridged to the Ethernet interface.
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2.2.1 Basic setup
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1. Connect the provided antenna to the port shown above. 2. A USB-C to USB-A cable is provided in the kit, this can be used to connect the EKH03 to a
suitable power source to power the EKH03 via the USB-C port. For example, many laptops can deliver sufûcient power over USB, or a phone charger can be used. 3. Once the device is powered, the RGB LED will display the boot status of the device: a. Solid yellow indicates that the bootloader is running. b. Flashing green indicates that Linux is booting. c. Solid green indicates that the device is fully booted. d. Red indicates that the device has failed to boot, contact support for advice on
troubleshooting further. e. Flashing yellow indicates a factory reset is in progress. f. Flashing blue means a system upgrade is happening. g. Flashing red means that DPP is running (if DPP fails, it will quickly üash for 5 seconds).
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2.3 Browser support
The Web GUI has been tested and veriûed to work with up to date releases of the following browsers:
Google Chrome Firefox Microsoft Edge Apple Safari
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2.4 Standard setup scenarios
2.4.1 Standalone Access Point with client devices
This is the conûguration that is typically used to do standalone testing of a HaLow connection e.g. range testing. It is also useful in closed network scenarios, where connected devices do not need access to external networks such as the Internet. The key here is that the trafûc will only go between the AP and STA and need not go any further. If you9re not sure which setup to use, start with this one.
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2.4.2 Using HaLow as a 8virtual wire9 (Layer 2 bridge)
In this scenario, the use of HaLow is transparent to the rest of the devices in the network. The HaLow link is used as a means of providing a 8virtual9 Ethernet connection between two points where it may not be practical to run a physical cable. This scenario is useful as a simple way to test HaLow with real-world trafûc by introducing it into an existing network without having to adjust the conûguration of the non-HaLow devices.
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2.4.3 Non-standalone Access Point with routing
This scenario is a more complicated version of the above, where rather than using bridging to simplify the setup, each device is a router with its own DHCP server and local network. This allows for a more complex network setup, but is more difûcult to set up. It is also robust in that if the HaLow links goes down, the station will still have an IP address and the UI will be reachable. This scenario is useful for evaluating the HaLow device’s ability to handle trafûc üows at Layer 3, which places more load on the CPU. Unless you have a good reason to want to do this, bridging is an easier and better way to go.
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3 Configuration of Operating Modes
Evaluation kits are dispatched in a default conûguration, and the assumption of this guide is that the devices will be used starting in this state. If the devices have been used previously you may need to reset the device back to a default state before following the below steps. See Chapter 3.6 for details on how to reset to default conûguration. Since the 2.3.x release of OpenWrt a conûguration wizard has been included in the UI to aid with quick setup of devices. This guide now focuses on using the conûguration wizard, but it is also possible to use the standard conûguration pages in the UI to set up the device.
3.1 Initial Setup
1. Connect your laptop to the Morse Micro HaLow device via an Ethernet cable. 2. Ensure that the Ethernet interface on the laptop is conûgured as a DHCP client (this is
usually default, so often no change is required). 3. Open a web browser and go to the following address: http://10.42.0.1 4. Select the Country (for regulatory requirements) and optionally a unique Hostname for
the device and a Password (which controls SSH and web access):
5. Click Apply in the bottom right.
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The next screen will present an option to conûgure the device either as a standalone AP/STA or as part of a mesh network using 802.11s mesh or EasyMesh. For ûrst time users, the standard Wi-Fi HaLow wizard is the best option to start with. Mesh conûgurations allow multiple APs to be linked in order to provide an even wider coverage area.
The following sections assume that the standard Wi-Fi HaLow wizard has been selected.
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3.2 Standalone AP and STA
This section outlines how to conûgure the AP and STA per the scenario deûned in 2.4.1.
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3.2.1 Access Point configuration
1. Follow the steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region at http://10.42.0.1 2. For Mode selection, choose Access Point:
3. Click the Next button at the bottom right to go to the next page. 4. On the following pages:
a. Setup HaLow Network – AP has a default SSID and passphrase; you can change this if you wish. Bandwidth & Channel can be left as default. Then click Next.
b. Upstream Network should be None. Click Next. 5. You can then Apply your conûguration on the ûnal page.
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3.2.2 Station/Client configuration
1. Disconnect your laptop from the Ethernet interface of your AP (from section 3.2.1 above) so
that its IP address doesn9t clash with the client IP.
2. Follow the steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region. 3. For the Mode selection, choose 8Client9 and then click Next.
4. On the Connect to a HaLow Network page, choose 8Manual credentials9 and then Scan to
ûnd the SSID you entered for your AP. Then enter the passphrase from above, and click Next. 5. For the Traffic Mode, select 8Bridge9 and click Next. 6. Turn off the 2.4 GHz Enable Access Point toggle if standard Wi-Fi access is not needed. Click Next. 7. Once you have saved the conûguration (by clicking 8Apply9), you should disconnect your laptop from the Station and connect it to the AP. You can return to the Station9s admin interface by ûnding its IP in the DHCP Leases on the Home page of the AP9s admin interface.
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3.2.3 (Optional) Add upstream Internet connectivity
In many situations it is helpful to have an upstream connection to the Internet. The following steps outline how to connect the AP to an upstream router that will provide Internet access to the HaLow devices. It assumed the upstream gateway provides the following: DHCP server to allocate an address to the AP Wired Interface DNS server will be provided via an option in the DHCP offer A gateway address will be assigned via the DHCP offer 1. Connect your laptop to your device as in 3.1, and go to its admin interface (usually
http://10.42.0.1). 2. If the wizard does not come up because you9ve already conûgured your device, go to
Wizards in the side menu. 3. On the Upstream Network page, choose Ethernet, and set the Traffic Mode to Router. 4. Apply the conûguration on the ûnal page. 5. Use an Ethernet cable to connect your AP to your existing network. 6. To access the device9s admin interface again, you can access 192.168.1.1 over the HaLow
link or you will need to determine the address allocated by your network9s DHCP server. See section 3.6 for how to reset your device if you lose access.
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3.3 8Virtual Wire9 – Layer 2 bridging
This section outlines how to conûgure the AP and STA per the scenario deûned in 2.4.2.
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3.3.1 Access Point configuration
1. Follow the steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region at http://10.42.0.1 2. For Mode selection, choose Access Point:
3. Click the Next button at the bottom right to go to the next page. 4. On the following pages:
a. Setup HaLow Network – AP has a default SSID/passphrase; you can change this if you wish. Bandwidth & Channel can be left as default. Then click Next.
b. Upstream Network should be Ethernet. Selecting Ethernet will show a new option for Traffic Mode which should set to Bridge. Click Next.
5. You can then Apply your conûguration on the ûnal page. To access the device9s admin interface again, you will need to check the IP address allocated by your network9s DHCP server. See section 3.6 for how to reset your device if you lose access.
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3.3.2 Station/Client configuration
Follow the instructions in 3.2.2. Once you9ve saved your conûguration, however, your station9s IP address will be allocated by your network9s DHCP server and will be accessible on that network.
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3.4 Non-standalone AP with routing
This section outlines how to conûgure the AP and STA per the scenario deûned in 2.4.3.
3.4.1 Access Point configuration
Follow 3.2.1 and 3.2.3 exactly to conûgure an Access Point with Uplink set to Ethernet and Device Mode set to Router.
3.4.2 Station configuration
Follow the STA conûguration for the scenario in 3.1, but for Device Mode choose Extender instead of Bridge.
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3.5 Setting a custom static IP
By default, devices conûgured as an AP are reached via 10.42.0.1 on the Ethernet interface and 192.168.1.1 on the HaLow interface. If the two interfaces are bridged together, they will both use the same 192.168.1.x/24 subnet and the device will be reached on 192.168.1.1 via both interfaces. In simple topologies this default setup is often sufûcient, however in setups with multiple APs it can become necessary to conûgure custom static addresses to ensure each device has a unique IP address. Static IP addresses can also be useful to ensure that devices conûgured as STAs always are reachable at the same address, particularly when many similar STAs are on a given HaLow network. DHCP, which is the default on Ethernet and HaLow interfaces, will assign different addresses to STAs each time otherwise. To conûgure a static IP address on either the Ethernet or HaLow interface, browse in the UI to the Quick Config option in the side menu.
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3.6 Reset the device to default configuration
This section outlines how to get the device back to a default conûguration in different situations. All ûrmware releases use SquashFS with an overlay which allows a full factory reset to be achieved by wiping the overlay.
3.6.1 Access to web UI is available
In this scenario, you can login to the device and go to the 8System -> Backup/Flash Firmware9 page. Choose the option <Reset to defaults=, and the device will reset the conûguration and reboot.
3.6.2 SSH access is available
In this scenario, you can login to the device via ssh (ssh root@ipaddress) and run the following command at the prompt:
firstboot -y && reboot
3.6.3 No network access – EKH01
This scenario can occur when the IP address of the device has been changed, and it is not obvious what the address is. The quickest method here is to remove the SD card and write a new ûrmware to it using a program such as Balena Etcher to write the SD card from a laptop.
3.6.4 No network access (Option 1) – EKH03
This scenario can occur when the IP address of the device has been changed, and the user is unable to identify it via a lease list on their DHCP server. Using a suitable object, press and hold the reset button, shown in section 2.3, for more than 10 seconds to reset the device to factory defaults. After releasing the button, the device should reboot, which will be indicated by the LED on the device. It may take a few seconds, after releasing, for the device to reboot.
3.6.5 No network access (Option 2) – EKH03
This scenario requires using a serial console cable to access the device. The basic setup section of this guide shows the location of the UART header on the EKH03 PCB, and a 3.3V TTL serial USB cable can be used to connect a computer to this port. Once connected, a suitable terminal emulator program will be needed to connect to it, such as PuTTY in Windows or picocom in Linux.
Once connected to the serial console, run the following command to reset the conûguration: firstboot -y && reboot
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3.7 Using DPP QR code
Device provisioning protocol (DPP) provides a simple process to onboard stations into an existing wireless network. Station devices are provisioned by scanning a QR code with a <conûgurator= device already associated with the network.
3.7.1 On the AP
No explicit action is required to enable DPP in AP mode. Simply set your device to work as an AP with SAE security. Note that if you are using 802.11s mesh, this does not by default include AP functionality, and the hostapd process will not be started. The hostapd process is required for DPP to function. It is possible to run 802.11s Mesh with an AP, this mode is known as a 8Mesh Gate9 – see Chapter 3.9.2 for details. The credentials for the AP DPP conûgurator are set in /etc/dppd/auth_secrets.txt, you will be asked for these in the mobile app after selecting the AP to provision a device to. The default username/password is morse/HaLow.
3.7.2 On the STA
To enable DPP through the web UI, after setting your Device as a station via the wizard, set DPP in the page where it asks for credentials to connect to a HaLow network and proceed to the last page of the wizard where the QR code is shown. A
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Alternatively, you can also view the QR code from the Home page, on the Halow Uplink card.
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To start provisioning, use the Morse Micro DPP app on the phone to scan the QR code. NOTE: The DPP QR code is not persistent on EKH01 devices and will change if updating the image without keeping conûgs or if updating the image on the microSD card using a computer. After a successful provision, SSID, key, and encryption will be set automatically.
3.7.3 Using the Morse Micro App
To prepare a phone to act as a conûgurator – a device which scans and sends provisioning information to the AP – follow the steps below. IMPORTANT NOTE: In order to use the Morse Micro App, you9ll need a HaLow AP connected to the same network as your phone. To download the Morse Micro DPP application for: Apple iOS (needs authorization): https://testüight.apple.com/join/LnXpFMPj Android, use the link below: https://app.bitrise.io/app/26fcf521506b532d/build/fb927766-2eaa-425f-a2b2-19f1342b432 d/artifact/ce4e33d57257f294/p/bd9fd36d28dc80f5edef30ade4899720 or scan this QR code with your phone:
and proceed until you install the app on your phone.
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After the app is installed, open the app – if it is the ûrst time running the app you will see a welcome/tutorial screen otherwise it will go straight to the 8Accept Conditions9 screen. Click Get Started9 if needed, and then 8Accept Conditions9 to begin using the app.
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When prompted, grant the application access to your camera, so it can read QR codes.
When you see the screen on the right (above), your app is ready to capture a QR code from the device to be provisioned. Before capturing a QR code, set up the credentials for accessing the AP by clicking the icon in the top right corner that looks like a key on a shield. You will need to enter the username and password of the DPP server on the AP. The current default username is morse and the password is HaLow.
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Point the camera to the QR code to scan it. When you scan a station’s QR code, the app will show you a dialog with a list of available DPP servers on your network. Select the desired AP and tap on <Connect=.
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At the end the conûrmation screen will be shown. To provision additional devices, click on <Add Another= to go back to the QR scanner . Note: Once this process is completed, it means the device has been provisioned but not necessarily connected yet. Check the station list on the AP to verify the device has connected.
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3.8 Using DPP push button
To utilize DPP (Device Provisioning Protocol) using the push button, simply set your device as an Access Point or Station and save the conûgurations. Then expand the Access Point (HaLow) card on the Home page of the Access Point and click on the <Start DPP Push button=.
Simultaneously on the Station, expand the Uplink(HaLow) card on the Home page and click on the <Start DPP Push button=.
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Upon successful completion of the DPP process, on the Station the connection status changes to yes.
On the EKH03 the physical 8reset9 button on the device can also be used for DPP. Pushing the button for less than 2 seconds will start the DPP push button process, if the device has been conûgured as an Access Point or Station. The RGB status LED will indicate that the DPP push button process is running, see the EKH03 setup section for details.
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3.9 802.11s Mesh Configuration
802.11 mesh networks aim to increase coverage and range by establishing peer-to-peer links between the various neighbor mesh STAs in the mesh topology. Only mesh capable devices can join the mesh BSS (MBSS) or make use of the mesh functionality provided by the MBSS. Interaction with non-mesh capable devices is handled via mesh gateways (potentially co-located with a non-mesh AP).
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3.9.1 Mesh STA / Mesh Point configuration
1. As a prerequisite, ensure that your device is conûgured with the appropriate region and a
channel. Refer to steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region. 2. Once you decide to conûgure your device as a Mesh Point, navigate to the Wizards conûg in
the side menu and select 802.11s Mesh Wizard.
3. As a ûrst step, choose 8Mesh Point9 as the mode and then click Next.
4. On the Setup Mesh Network – set an appropriate Mesh ID, encryption and passphrase. Then click Next.
5. For the Traffic Mode, select 8Bridge9 and click Next. 6. After saving the conûguration (by clicking ‘Apply9), disconnect your laptop from the Mesh
Point and connect it either to the Mesh Gate or another Mesh Point to integrate it into the Mesh Network and obtain an IP address for the device. To access the Mesh Point9s admin interface again, navigate to the Home page of the Mesh Gate9s admin interface and inspect
the DHCP Leases.
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3.9.2 Mesh Gate configuration
1. As a prerequisite, ensure that your device is conûgured with the appropriate region and a channel. Refer to steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region.
2. Once you decide to conûgure your device as a Mesh Gate, navigate to the Wizards conûg in the side menu and select 802.11s Mesh Wizard.
3. As a ûrst step, choose 8Mesh Gate9 as the mode and then click Next.
4. On the Setup Mesh Network – set an appropriate Mesh ID, encryption and passphrase. Then click Next.
5. On the following page, Upstream Network should be None. Click Next. 6. For a Mesh Gate, you have the option to set up an additional HaLow Wi-Fi Access Point
interface (Co-located AP) alongside the Mesh interface to extend the HaLow network if needed. On the HaLow Wi-Fi Access Point page, if you enable the AP, then ensure to ûll in the SSID, encryption and password for that interface. Please note, that this AP interface that is created is always bridged with the Mesh interface in the Mesh Gate mode.Then click Next.
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7. You can then Apply your conûguration on the ûnal page.
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3.9.3 (Optional) Add upstream Internet connectivity in Mesh Gate mode
Typically a Mesh Gate is a device that provides access to one or more distribution systems, via the wireless medium for the mesh basic service set (MBSS). Hence it is helpful to have an upstream connection to the Internet. The following steps outline how to connect the Mesh Gate to an upstream router that will provide Internet access to the HaLow devices.
It is assumed the upstream gateway provides the following: DHCP server to allocate an address to the Mesh Gate9s Wired Interface DNS server will be provided via an option in the DHCP offer A gateway address will be assigned via the DHCP offer
1. Connect your laptop to your device as in 3.1, and go to its admin interface (usually http://10.42.0.1).
2. Go to Wizard conûg in the side menu and select 802.11s Mesh Wizard. 3. Repeat the steps 3 & 4 as in 3.9.2. 4. On the Upstream Network page, choose Ethernet, and set the Traffic Mode to Router. 5. Refer to step 6 in 3.9.2 and then proceed to Apply the conûguration on the ûnal page. 6. Use an Ethernet cable to connect your Mesh Gate to your existing network. 7. To access the device9s admin interface again, you can access 192.168.1.1 over the HaLow
link or you will need to determine the address allocated by your network9s DHCP server. See section 3.6 for how to reset your device if you lose access.
3.9.4 Additional 802.11s Mesh settings
1. In addition to conûguring the 802.11s Mesh settings through the wizard, you can access further options by navigating to the Advanced Config > Network > Wireless page. Click on “Edit” next to the Mesh Interface to access and adjust the advanced mesh settings available in this section.
2. If you decide to enable B.A.T.M.A.N for the Mesh Interface in Mesh Gate mode, remember to include the AP interface (if it exists) in the same network. You can achieve this by adding the same network name to the AP interface in Network > Wireless > Edit (AP) > Interface Conûguration > Network.
3. To conûgure a static IP address on either the Ethernet or HaLow interface, browse in the UI to the Quick Config in the side menu.
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3.10 EasyMesh
3.10.1 Theory of Operation
EasyMesh is a Wi-Fi branded, standards-based solution for meshing together access points to provide an extended coverage area (but with reduced bandwidth available to stations). EasyMesh forms a tree structure with a controller at the root that controls the mesh network, and agent APs that connect both upstream towards the controller and downstream towards stations. Stations are agnostic to mesh, and continue to connect to the closest AP as usual. The current implementation supports up to 4 agents in addition to the controller, with at most 2 agents between the controller and a station.
3.10.2 EasyMesh Controller Configuration
1. As a prerequisite, ensure that your device is conûgured with the appropriate region and a
channel. Refer to steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region. 2. Once you decide to conûgure your device as an EasyMesh Controller,, navigate to the
Wizards conûg in the side menu and select EasyMesh Wizard.
3. As a ûrst step, choose 8Easymesh Controller9 as the mode and then click Next.
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4. On the Setup EasyMesh Network – set an appropriate SSID, and passphrase. Encryption is
defaulted to WPA3-SAE. Then click Next.
5. On the following page, Upstream Network should be None. Click Next. 6. You can then Apply your conûguration on the ûnal page.
7. Proceed to section 3.10.4 for pairing the device with other Agents.
3.10.3 EasyMesh Agent Configuration
1. As a prerequisite, ensure that your device is conûgured with the appropriate region and a
channel. Refer to steps in 3.1 to connect to the device and set the region. 2. Once you decide to conûgure your device as an EasyMesh Agent, navigate to the Wizards
conûg in the side menu and select EasyMesh Wizard.
3. As a ûrst step, choose 8EasyMesh Agent9 as the mode and then click Next.
4. For the Traffic Mode, select 8None9 and click Next. 5. After saving the conûguration (by clicking ‘Apply9), navigate to the Quick Config page and
set an IP address for the ethernet which is different to the EasyMesh Controller9s IP address so that it allows you access the UI of both the devices at the same time. 6. Proceed to section 3.10.4 for pairing the device with EasyMesh Controller or other Agents.
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3.10.4 Pairing EasyMesh devices
1. As a prerequisite, ensure that your device is conûgured either as an EasyMesh Controller or
Agent following in the steps in sections 3.10.2 or 3.10.3 respectively. 2. On the EasyMesh Controller, Navigate to the Home page in the UI, and once the Agent
Status shows <Active= in the EasyMesh card, click on the Start WPS button.
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3. Simultaneously, on the EasyMesh Agent device, navigate to the Home page in the UI, and in the EasyMesh card, click on the Start WPS (client) button to pair itself with the Controller.
4. Upon successful completion of WPS pairing, the Home page shows the Agent Status sas Active.
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3.10.5 EasyMesh Status
To conûrm that EasyMesh has been enabled and is working, status information is available on the Home page of the EasyMesh Controller, which displays the number of Connected Agents. Clicking on the 8Connected Agents9 link in the EasyMesh card on the UI, opens the diagram showing the current topology:
Logs are also available from 8Advanced Config > Status > System Log9 when EasyMesh is enabled. If these are not visible, you may need to logout of the frontend due to caching.
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4 Wavemon and Ping Testing
Wavemon provides a powerful way to quickly check the performance and quality of a HaLow connection in the ûeld. All that is required is a mobile phone, HaLow AP and HaLow STA (with a suitable power supply), and a USB-Ethernet cable to connect the mobile to one of the HaLow devices. The diagram below shows how to setup the equipment:
To run wavemon, the mobile device will need to be able to run a SSH session (e.g. using Termius for Android/iOS). Once a SSH session has been started, run the command 8pt9 from the command line interface (CLI), and wavemon plus a ping test will be started, see below for a screenshot of how it should appear:
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Note that pt will ping 192.168.1.1 by default, but an alternate address can be provided as an argument to the script, e.g. <pt 1.2.3.4=.
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5 Setting up iPerf traffic testing
iPerf testing provides a tool for analysing the quality of HaLow connections by sending a stream of trafûc and measuring the speed, throughput and latency. The following guide outlines how to run iPerf trafûc between two devices connected via HaLow. In the diagram below, there are two devices, AP and STA, which may be any of the available evaluation kits (EKH01, EKH03). In this setup the AP will also be the iPerf server, and the STA will be the iPerf client.
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5.1 AP configuration
1. Connect an antenna (if applicable). 2. Connect an Ethernet cable from your PC to the RJ45 port of the Morse Micro device. 3. Connect a USB-C power cable to the Morse Micro AP device. 4. Power the unit on and wait ~60 seconds to allow the device to start up. 5. In a web browser on the laptop, navigate to the web UI of the device (http://10.42.0.1 by
default). Close the wizard (click 8X9 on the top right) if it9s enabled.
Note: If DHCP client mode is enabled on the Ethernet port, it will be assigned an IP address via DHCP from the upstream device.
6. Navigate to the Quick Config page in the side menu of the UI. Select 8Access Point9 as mode for the wireless interface and conûgure the following settings (the rest can remain as default):
Configuration item
Value
Region
AU (or as appropriate)
Ethernet Network IP address
10.42.0.1 (default)
Enabled HaLow DHCP server
Enabled
7. Navigate to the Advanced Config > Services > Terminal page in the side navigation bar. Note the credentials will be the same as used to login to the web UI.
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8. Type 8iperf3 -s9 and press enter to launch the iperf3 server.
9. Remove the Ethernet cable from your PC. Warning: the server will only run for a short amount of time, so you must do the client setup and iperf3 below immediately. If you wish to keep the server running indeûnitely, start the iPerf server within tmux (included in the image).
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5.2 STA configuration
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1. Connect an antenna (if applicable).
2. Connect an Ethernet cable from your PC to the RJ45 port of the Morse Micro device.
3. Connect a USB-C power cable to the Morse Micro AP device.
4. Power the unit on and wait ~60 seconds to allow the device to start up. 5. In a web browser on the laptop, navigate to the web UI of the device (http://10.42.0.1 by
default). Close the wizard (click 8X9 on the top right) if it9s enabled. 6. Navigate to the Quick Config page in the side menu of the UI. Select 8Client9 as mode for the
wireless interface and conûgure the following settings (the rest can remain as default):
Configuration item
Value
Region
AU (or as appropriate)
Ethernet Network IP address
10.42.0.2
SSID/Encryption/Password
Matching the conûg on the AP
HaLow IP Method
DHCP
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7. Navigate to the Advanced Config > Services > Terminal page in the side navigation bar. Note the credentials will be the same as used to login to the web UI.
8. Type 8iperf3 -c IP_ADDR -u -b 25M9 where IP_ADDR is the IP address of the other side of the HaLow link and press enter to launch the iperf3 client. The STA will connect as an iperf3 client to the server running on the AP to run trafûc between them.
5.3 Web user interface
You can also run iPerf in server and client mode via the web UI. This can be accessed from the top menu in UI by browsing to Advanced Config > Network > Diagnostics.
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7 Video Streaming
OpenWrt includes functionality to allow streaming video from cameras connected to stations back to the AP where it can be viewed within the web UI. This includes automatic discovery of cameras on the HaLow network where these are running the camera speciûc ûrmware (noted below in station conûguration). This autodetection will work for any ONVIF compliant camera on the network supporting H.264 streams. NOTE: When using the EKH03 as an AP, you view at most two live streams in the web UI at once. This is because of the CPU and memory requirements for proxying the streams.
7.1 Setting up
Follow Chapter 3 to conûgure your network, and determine the IP address of your AP.
7.2 Accessing the Video Streams
In your browser navigate to web GUI of the access point and navigate to the side menu, 8Advanced Config > Services > Cameras9 section, shown below:
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In the camera section the AP will automatically discover all ONVIF cameras on the network. Note that it will only scan the network attached to the interface listed on the top right, next to the 8Discover9 button. After scanning it will automatically start streaming from the ûrst 2 discovered cameras. The checkboxes under the 8Live view9 column are used to select which video streams should be displayed.
7.3 Configuration
The following ûelds are available for conûguring video streaming: Force Configs to Default – Changes all camera conûgurations to the default conûguration.
Hovering over the button displays the default conûguration. Discover – Force the device to rediscover cameras on the selected interface. Config – Opens a window to modify the camera9s conûguration.
Resolution – Sets resolution of the camera Bitrate – Sets bitrate of the video stream Framerate – Sets framerate of the video stream Profile – Sets the H264 proûle Quality – 0 for constant bitrate (CBR) and 1 for variable bitrate (VBR) GOV length – Sets number frames between each I frame Save as Default – Overrides the current default and sets the new default to your
selected options. Streams – Select the type of stream you want to view (this will open a new window to play
the selected stream). Live View – Select whether to show a live stream on the page (via WebRTC).
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Fullscreen – Fullscreen view of all the currently enabled streams. To see a fullscreen view of an individual stream, hover over the stream to bring up the video controls. Full screen mode is shown below:
7.3.1 Live View
Cameras can also be conûgured from the live view window, that includes the resolution, bitrate, framerate and brightness.
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8 Page Descriptions
This section describes some of the pages available in the web UI.
8.1 Home
The Home page provides a comprehensive view of the device’s current status. It includes several key sections to help users understand the overall state of their device.
System Information provides general details about the device, including the software version and model name. This section is essential for identifying the device and understanding its current ûrmware status.
Mode displays the operational mode of the device and includes a conûguration representation with a topology diagram. This visual aid helps users see how their device is conûgured and operating within the network.
HaLow Network Status shows the current status of the HaLow network, including any connected clients if the device is functioning as an Access Point. This information is crucial for monitoring the HaLow network’s health and connected devices.
Uplink Information provides the status of the uplink connection, offering details about connectivity. This section ensures users are aware of their device’s connection to the wider network or internet.
Local Network Info gives detailed information about the local network, including DHCP lease information if the DHCP server is enabled. This section helps users manage their local network and understand IP address assignments within their network.
Network Interfaces Information displays the groupings of network interfaces, showing how they are organized and connected. This information is important for managing and troubleshooting network interfaces.
EasyMesh Status offers a topology view, showing the network’s structure and connections between devices. It also lists the number of connected agents and provides options for WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) pairing, making it easier to add new devices to the network.
Additionally clicking on the symbol in each of these cards, helps you to navigate to its corresponding advanced conûguration page.
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8.2 Quick Config
The Quick Config page can be used to make any changes to the existing conûguration on the device. Note that settings do not take effect until the 8Save & Apply9 button at the bottom of the page is clicked.
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8.2.1 Network Interfaces
This section allows you to make changes to the Network conûguration. The following ûelds are available : Name – Displays the network name. The conûgurations for this network and the list of
Ethernet and Wireless interfaces mapped to this network are displayed in the corresponding row. Forward – Enables trafûc forwarding between the source and the selected network. Click “Forward” for advanced ûrewall settings. Ethernet – Selecting an Ethernet port, maps it to the speciûed network. DHCP Server – Enable or disable the DHCP server for the network. Click “DHCP Server” for advanced DHCP and DNS conûgurations. Protocol – Set to either 8Static IP9 for manual IP address conûguration or 8DHCP client9 to retrieve an IP from a DHCP server if available. Using DHCP is generally preferred. Click the three dots at the end of the row to conûgure the following options: Netmask – Sets the netmask for the interface. This option is available only if the protocol is set to 8Static IP9. Gateway – Sets the IP address of the upstream gateway for default IP trafûc routing. This option is available only if the protocol is set to 8Static IP9. Click on the symbol, to navigate to the advanced Network Conûguration page.
8.2.2 Wireless
This section allows you to modify the wireless settings.
The available ûelds are:
Country – Deûne the regulatory region for your HaLow device. This setting applies restrictions on channel, bandwidth, power, and duty cycle to ensure compliance with local regulations. Only supported regions will appear in the drop-down list. For more information, refer to the MM6108 Channels Guide.
Preferred Frequency Width – Select the operating bandwidth for the HaLow network. The dropdown menu is automatically populated based on the Country selection.
Channel – Choose the frequency channel for the HaLow network. The dropdown menu is automatically populated based on the selected Preferred Frequency Width.
The list of available wireless interfaces and their conûgurations is displayed in the corresponding row:
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Enabled – Indicates the status of the wireless interface. Toggle the slider to enable or disable the wireless interface.
Device – Displays the name of the wireless interface. Mode – Select the mode of operation for the wireless interface. Options include: Access
Point (no WDS), Access Point (WDS), Client (no WDS), Client (WDS), Mesh Point, Ad-Hoc (IBSS), Monitor, or None. DPP – If enabled on a client, the device will broadcast its DPP preference for connection establishment. SSID/Mesh ID – Conûgure the SSID for connection. The ûeld initially shows the currently
conûgured SSID. In Client mode, clicking the 8Scan9 button will scan for visible HaLow networks and populate the dropdown with visible SSIDs. If the SSID is not visible, you can manually enter the name and press enter to set it. In Mesh Point mode, set the Mesh ID in the same ûeld. Encryption – Select the encryption method for data sent over the HaLow network. Available methods include OWE, SAE, Enterprise security (EAP), and None (Open security): OWE (Opportunistic Wireless Encryption) – Ensures privacy between the station and
access point without requiring a password or station authentication. SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals) – Uses pre-shared passwords for
symmetric encryption, suitable for mesh networks. EAP (Enterprise Security) – Requires RADIUS server conûguration for the Access Point
and TLS, TTLS, or PEAP authentication credentials for the Client. Password – This ûeld is visible when SAE is selected as the encryption method. It conûgures
the password used to authenticate and set up encryption between the station and the access point.
Click on the symbol, to navigate to the advanced Wireless Conûguration page, where the following conûgurations can be conûgured. Beacon Interval – Deûnes how often beacons are broadcast, measured in time units (TUs), with each TU equal to 1.024 milliseconds. DTIM Period – The DTIM period to use, measured in number of beacon intervals. Based on this, the beacon will only include Delivery Trafûc Indication Messages(DTIM) once per period. Max inactivity – The maximum amount of time a wireless client (station) can remain inactive before the access point (AP) considers it disconnected or inactive, measured in seconds. Management Frame Protection – Enabling this feature provides additional protection for management frames used for tasks such as authentication, de-authentication, association, disassociation, beacons, and probes. By default, this feature is set to ‘required,’ meaning management frames are encrypted, and forged frames can be detected.
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8.3 Advanced Config Statistics Morse
This page provides the ability to query statistics from each of the processor cores on the MM6108 chip. Select 8Read9 to read out the current value of statistics for a given core, or 8Reset9 to reset the statistics back to zero. The underlying information on this page is gathered via the morse_cli command, which can also be used to see this information from the CLI.
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8.4 Advanced Config Status Realtime Graphs Wireless
The Realtime Graphs page displays animated graphs of HaLow statistics. The graphs show the last 3 minutes of data and update on a 3 second interval. The three graphs show signal strength, data rates, and MCS respectively.
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8.5 Advanced Config Services Terminal
The Shell page allows the user to spawn a shell usable in the web browser.
8.6 Advanced Config System Backup / Flash Firmware
Perform reset button allows you to factory reset the device
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9 Additional Configuration Parameters
Some advanced conûgurations are useful to control HaLow behavior (particularly during certiûcations) and are documented here for convenience. Some may not be available via the web UI, but can be conûgured via the CLI if required. If unsure about whether to use these, it is best not to change the default unless advised by an FAE to do so.
The CLI is available from UI by navigating to the side menu and selecting 8Advanced Conûg > Services > Terminal9. For advanced users the CLI is available via SSH and serial console. The credentials are the same ones used to login to the web UI.
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9.1 Disable AMPDU
9.1.1 Via UI
AMPDU can be conûgured in the advanced settings under the Advanced Conûg -> Network->Wireless menu: Select 8Edit9 next to the HaLow network that is to be conûgured:
Select the 8Advanced Settings9 tab in the Device Conûguration section and then untick the 8AMPDU9 option to disable AMPDU:
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9.1.2 Via CLI
AMPDU can be disabled by running the following commands: morse_cli -i wlan0 ampdu disable
Note: Conûgurations made via the CLI are not persistent across reboots. To ensure your settings are saved permanently, please conûgure them through the UI.
9.2 Fragmentation Threshold
9.2.1 Via UI
In the same conûguration section as above for AMPDU, there is an option for conûguring the fragmentation threshold. To disable this feature enter 8off9 into the ûeld, otherwise the number of bytes beyond which fragmentation should occur.
9.2.2 Via CLI
The fragmentation threshold can be set with the iw tool: iw phy <phyname> set frag <fragmentation threshold|off> Where the <phyname> is provided by the iw list command, e.g. iw list | grep Wiphy Wiphy phy1
In this case, phy1 is the <phyname>. The integer following phy enumerates every time the driver is (re)loaded. Note: Conûgurations made via the CLI are not persistent across reboots. To ensure your settings are saved permanently, please conûgure them through the UI.
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9.3 Unified Scaling Factor / Unscaled Interval
9.3.1 Via UI
Navigate to the Advanced Config > Network >Wireless page and then choose 8Edit9 beside the HaLow network. Use the Forced listen interval in Advanced Settings tab of the Device Conûguration section:
9.3.2 Via CLI
The UI and USF must be set together, with the morse_cli tool using the command: morse_cli -i wlan0 li <unscaled interval> <unified scaling factor>
Where <unscaled interval> multiplied by <unified scaling factor> must be less than or equal to the integer value 65536. Note: Conûgurations made via the CLI are not persistent across reboots. To ensure your settings are saved permanently, please conûgure them through the UI.
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9.4 DTIM Interval
9.4.1 Via UI
Beacon interval can be conûgured by navigating to the Advanced Config > Network >Wireless page and then choose 8Edit9 beside the HaLow network. Use the DTIM Interval in Advanced Settings tab of the Interface Conûguration section:
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9.5 Beacon Interval
9.5.1 Via UI
Beacon interval can be conûgured by navigating to the Advanced Config > Network >Wireless page and then choose 8Edit9 beside the HaLow network. Use the Beacon Interval in Advanced Settings tab of the Interface Conûguration section:
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9.6 BSS Color
9.6.1 Via UI
Navigate to the Advanced Config > Network >Wireless page and then choose 8Edit9 beside the HaLow network. Use the BSS Color list in Advanced Settings tab of the Device Conûguration section:
9.6.2 Via CLI
BSS color can be conûgured using the following command: morse_cli -i wlan0 bsscolor <value>
Where <value> is a value from 0 to 7. Note: Conûgurations made via the CLI are not persistent across reboots. To ensure your settings are saved permanently, please conûgure them through the UI.
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9.7 Other HaLow settings
Other advanced settings are available within the text ûles found at /etc/conûg/. Generic UCI options are deûned in the OpenWrt documentation here: https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/network/wiû/basic.
9.8 morse_cli
morsectrl is a command line utility that allows low-level access and control of the Morse radio chip. It is not intended to be included on consumer devices. morse_cli contains a subset of morsectrl commands and is used by netifd to conûgure the radio (see Section 10). It is intended to be shipped on consumer devices. In the Eval Kit both of these utilities are included. For more information about their available options, refer to the command help via -h. Note: Conûgurations made via the CLI are not persistent across reboots. To ensure your settings are saved permanently, please conûgure them through the UI.
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10 UI Configuration Architecture
This section outlines how changes to conûguration in the UI are applied to the system. From OpenWrT 2.0.2 onwards, the Web UI conûguration pages use the 8LuCI.uci9 API to conûgure a standard set of UCI conûguration sections, which are stored in /etc/conûg/. Starting from OpenWrt 2.6, the Morse -> HaLow Conûguration page, previously based on a shim layer, has been replaced with a more resilient Quick Conûg page. The Quick Conûg page addresses many of the pitfalls of the earlier HaLow Conûg page. Unlike the previous version, it does not rely on hardcoded UCI sections, offering greater üexibility by directly getting or setting conûgurations in the underlying UCI conûgurations. The network service daemon, netifd, examines changed UCI conûgurations upon reload and calls the necessary handler scripts to update the affected components. For a UCI wireless.wiû-device, netifd invokes wireless protocol handlers located in /lib/netifd/wireless/*.sh. For MorseMicro HaLow devices, the UCI conûguration includes type=morse, indicating to netifd to load /lib/netifd/wireless/morse.sh. This protocol handler carries out the following:
Parses the Morse type wiû-device in /etc/conûg/wireless Kills hostapd_s1g and wpa_supplicant_s1g Tears down the HaLow conûgured interface Rebuilds any morse module parameters – e.g. region information Reloads the morse driver module if module parameters have changed Brings up the HaLow interface Creates appropriate hostapd or wpa_supplicant conûguration ûles. Starts hostapd_s1g or wpa_supplicant_s1g as required.
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The image below captures the execution üow of this process:
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11 Troubleshooting
11.1 Updating firmware
Occasionally a platform name is updated, which can result in an error during upgrade e.g. <The uploaded image does not contain a supported format=(see below image). This is expected for the following upgrades:
Updating an EKH01 from an image older than 2.3.3 to an image version 2.3.3 or higher. Before proceeding, check that the <Supported devices:< line matches the device revision; the device revision is printed on the case, and on a sticker on the case.
Note 1: This line describes the image currently running on the device. Note 2: This line describes the image you are trying to install. Match the device name you see here to the information printed on your device. When you have veriûed the image matches the device, click 8Force Upgrade9 and continue. The warning will not be shown again for future upgrades.
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12 Revision History
Release Number Release Date
01
12/01/2021
02
12/02/2022
03
04/03/2022
04
05/10/2022
05
10/10/2022
06
20/10/2022
07
18/10/2022
08
22/11/2022
09
12/12/2022
10
6/01/2023
11
27/02/2023
12
02/06/2023
13
03/11/2023
14
12/12/2023
15
7/03/2024
Release Notes
Initial release
Update for ûrmware release 1.3
IPERF Trafûc Setup Added Tools -> HaLow Firmware Upgrade
Updated for the LuCI interface Added in EKH01
Improved formatting and reworded some sections for clarity.
Added UI Conûguration architecture
Added example of how to run wavemon for basic HaLow testing
Add description of key setup scenarios, and refactored conûguration to match these.
Removed references to custom conûgurations, and manual conûguration except where not available in UI.
Other general improvements
Updated device images
Updated formatting and cover page image
Updated for UCI conûguration Updated default IP address to 10.42.0.1
Correct some typos
Update for new HaLow conûguration page Update for new EasyMesh feature Update for new Video UI feature Update for adding Internet connectivity
General update and 1st release to Doc. Control
Updated for 2.4.4 release
Updated for 2.5.0 release
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Release Number Release Date
Release Notes
16
21/03/2024
Updated for 2.5.2 release
17
28/03/2024
Updated LED üash pattern for button presses (section 2.2.1)
18
02/08/2024
Updated for 2.6 release
Approvers: Chad O9Neill (VP of Applications), Matthew Forgie (Director of Software Applications).
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Documents / Resources
 |
Morse Micro MM6108 Eval Kit [pdf] User Guide EKH01, EKH03, MM6108 Eval Kit, Eval Kit |
