FNB48 User Manual (V0.6)

0.0 Versions and Updates

As instrument products have many functions and frequent software and hardware updates, the manual may be updated at any time, please be aware. Please get the latest update information on the official website.

1.0 Overview

The FNB48USB tester is a high-reliability, high-safety USB voltage and current detection meter and a mobile communication terminal fast charging trigger. It has a 1.77-inch TFTLCD display and integrated USB-A, Micro-USB, Type-C interfaces. It uses an external 16-bit ADC and a PD protocol physical chip. It can be used to measure the power supply or power consumption of products such as USB interfaces, mobile phone chargers, U disks, etc.; it can be used to measure mobile phone charging power and mobile power input and output conditions; it can be used for charger fast charging protocol testing.

This instruction manual includes relevant safety information, warning tips, and solutions to common abnormal situations. Please read the relevant content carefully and strictly abide by all warnings and precautions.

2.0 Safety Precautions

1. Do not connect the monitoring interface to a power supply exceeding 24V.
2. Do not connect the PC connection port to a power source exceeding 16V.
3. Only one pair of monitoring interfaces (one input port, one output port) can work at the same time. When a pair of monitoring interfaces is working, it is forbidden to connect to equipment on other monitoring interfaces. (Except the PC connection port, the PC port can be connected to an external power supply).
4. When using the fast charge trigger module, please do not connect equipment that cannot withstand high voltage to any monitoring interface.
5. After using the PD trigger/monitor/conversion/read E-Marker cable function, please turn the PD communication switch in the lower right corner back to the OFF position.
6. When working at high power, the temperature of the instrument rises. Please be careful and prevent burns.
7. Do not charge the phone after the fast charge is triggered. Therefore, if the phone is damaged, the manufacturer is not responsible.

3.0 Performance Description

3.0.1 Interface

1. Input monitoring port: USB-A, 9-PIN male.
2. Input monitoring port: TYPE-C, 24-PIN female socket.
3. Input monitoring port: Micro-USB, 5-PIN female socket; 4 output monitoring ports: USB-A, 9-PIN female socket.
4. Output monitoring port: TYPE-C, 24-PIN female socket.
5. PC connection port: Micro-USB, 5-PIN female socket.

3.0.2 Human-computer Interaction

1. 1.77 inch TFT-LCD screen.
2. Multi-function switch.
3. Touch switch.

3.0.3 Voltage and Current

1. The highest six-digit display of voltage, current, and power, with a highest resolution of 0.00001 (V/A/W).
2. Records the minimum, maximum, and average values of voltage, current, and power during operation.
3. 10 sets of switchable capacity, power, and time statistics.
4. 1 set of voltage and current curve records, maximum support 9 hours.
5. Supports low-speed waveform (voltage, current, D+, D-) drawing, with a 2sps->100sps sampling rate.
6. Supports high-speed ripple (voltage, AC coupling) drawing, up to a 3.2Msps sampling rate.

3.0.4 Fast Charge Trigger

1. QC2.0, QC3.0 trigger.
2. Huawei FCP, SCP trigger.
3. Samsung AFC trigger.
4. PD2.0/3.0 Trigger.
5. VOOC/WARP Trigger.
6. SuperVOOC Trigger.
7. The above protocols all support automatic monitoring.
8. MTK-PE automatic detection.
9. Supports QC2.0->PD2.0 protocol conversion.
10. Supports a maximum of 24 hours for a limited time trigger, and automatically closes the trigger when the time comes.

3.0.5 Wire Identification Class

1. Internal resistance measurement of the wire by the differential pressure method.
2. E-Marker Cable chip reading.
3. DASH Cable data reading.

3.0.5 Miscellaneous

1. Record of startup time.
2. Onboard temperature measurement.
3. Gravity sensor, automatically switches the display direction.
4. PD monitor.
5. Analog DASH cable.
6. Apple 2.4A acceleration.

4.0 Structure Appearance

The device features several ports and controls:

• 1. Input monitoring port: USB-A, 9-PIN male.
• 2. Input monitoring port: TYPE-C, 24-PIN female socket.
• 3. Input monitoring port: Micro-USB, 5-PIN female socket.
• 4. Output monitoring port: TYPE-C, 24-PIN female socket.
• 5. PD communication switch.
• 6. Output monitoring port: USB-A, 9-PIN female.
• 7. Touch switch: BACK button.
• 8. Multi-function switches: left button, middle button, right button.
• 9. PC connection port: Micro-USB, 5-PIN female socket.

A visual representation shows these numbered components on the device.

5.0 Technical Index

Accuracy: ±(a%(%) reading + number of words)

6.0 Main Page

Navigation through pages/menus is done using the left and right buttons. The middle button confirms selections, and the BACK button cancels or returns. A long press of the BACK button turns off the screen backlight. All pages are accessible.

6.0.1 Concise Page

This page displays the three key parameters: voltage, current, and power. An arrow indicates the direction of current. The display direction can be changed.

Instructions:

• (1) Long press the left button: Enter the setting menu.
• (2) Click the middle button: Switch to 6-bit resolution.
• (3) Long press the middle button: If the setting menu -> general -> gravity direction is set to 'off', this action switches the screen direction.

6.0.2 Record Page

The top row displays boot record time and onboard temperature. The main display shows voltage, current, and power. A curve and progress bar on the right indicate remaining storage capacity. Statistics for group, capacity, power, and time are shown on the right. The lower left corner displays minimum, maximum, and average values for voltage, current, and power. Two text boxes in the lower right corner show offline recording time (highlighted when active) and energy statistics time (0.0 indicates no time limit).

Instructions:

• (1) Long press the left button: Switch to the capacity/power consumption list.
• (2) Click the middle button: Start/stop voltage and current curve recording (cannot start if recording time is 0).
• (3) Long press the middle button: Restart the calculation of minimum, maximum, and average values.
• (4) Long press the right button: Enter the battery capacity calculation tool.

6.0.3 Fast Charge Recognition Page

The top row displays boot record time and onboard temperature. The main display shows voltage, current, and power. The trigger time limit is shown on the right, linked to the setting menu. The dark blue area below the trigger timing indicates load resistance. The bottom table shows D+/D- voltage, the current charging agreement, and the status bar.

Status Indicators:

• When trigger timing is active, it displays 'RUN'; when stopped, it displays 'STOP'.
• If no fast charge protocol is detected, it shows 'NONE'.
• If a protocol like QC2.0 is detected, it shows 'QC2.0'.

Instructions:

• (1) Long press the left button: Enter the fast charge trigger module. If a protocol is already triggered, it prompts to release.
• (2) Click the middle button: Start/stop the trigger timing.
• (3) Long press the middle button: Clear the trigger timing.
• (4) Long press the right button: Enter the charging tool menu.

6.0.4 Curve Display Page

This page displays different waveform modes:

• Mode 1: Low-speed voltage and current curve.
• Mode 2: Low-speed D+D- curve.
• Mode 3: Record offline curve.
• Mode 4: High-speed voltage ripple (AC coupling).

Instructions:

• (1) Long press the left button: Decrease time base.
• (2) Click the middle button: Start/pause drawing the curve (prompts to clear the curve in mode 3).
• (3) Long press the middle button: Switch modes.
• (4) Long press the right button: Increase time base.

6.0.5 Wire Resistance Measurement Page

The FNB48 uses the differential pressure method to measure internal wire resistance, requiring a constant current load. The screen displays reference voltage and current, actual voltage and current, differential voltage, and the calculated cable resistance.

Measurement Procedure:

1. Connection mode: Charger + FNB48 + constant current load (current adjusted to 0.5-1A). Record the reference value.
2. Connection method: Charger + cable + FNB48 + constant current load (current adjusted to 0.5-1A, similar to the reference value recording). The system automatically calculates the internal resistance of the cable.

Instructions:

• (1) Click the middle button: Use the current voltage and current value as the reference value.

7.0 Record Function Expansion

7.0.1 Energy Statistics List

Accessed by long-pressing the left button on the Record page (6.0.2). Each line in the list represents a group of parameters: group number, capacity, and energy. The selected group is highlighted in green. The lower left corner shows the statistics time, and the lower right corner shows the current statistics group number.

Instructions:

• (1) Click the middle button: Switch to the selection group.
• (2) Long press the middle button: Select whether to clear the selected group.

7.0.2 Battery Capacity Calculation Tool

Accessed by pressing and holding the right button on the Record page (6.0.2). Users can select a statistics group, set battery voltage, and energy conversion efficiency to calculate battery capacity. The middle button moves a green indicator between 'Group', 'BattVol', and 'ConvEff' to adjust their values using the left/right buttons.

• Group: Selected statistical group (1-10). Displays statistical time, capacity, and energy.
• BattVol: Battery voltage (default 3.7V, adjustable from 3.0-5.0V).
• ConvEff: Energy conversion efficiency (default 90%).
• The red text shows the calculation result. Convert to mAh by multiplying by 1000.

8.0 Quick Charge Protocol Trigger and Detection Menu

This menu is accessed by long-pressing the left button on the Fast Charge Recognition page (6.0.3).

The meter supports QC2.0/QC3.0, Huawei FCP/SCP, Samsung AFC trigger, VOOC/DASH constant pressure mode, PD2.0/3.0 trigger, and QC2.0->PD2.0 protocol conversion.

Note: Operations in this interface require caution. Connecting equipment that cannot withstand high voltage is forbidden. The author is not liable for losses caused by misoperation.

8.0.1 Fast Charge Protocol Automatic Detection

The meter tests various protocols sequentially. Results are displayed on screen: Red indicates not supported, Green indicates support. During testing (e.g., PD chargers), restarts are normal. Connecting other equipment during testing is forbidden.

The device does not respond to key presses during testing. To exit, unplug the meter. After completion, the middle button restarts the test, and the BACK button returns to the previous page.

8.0.2 QC2.0 Trigger

In QC2.0 trigger mode, use the left and right buttons to select the trigger voltage. Press the BACK button to return.

The display shows Qualcomm QC 2.0 status, including voltage, D+/D- voltage, and power. Voltage options like 5V, 9V, 12V, 20V are selectable.

8.0.3 QC3.0 Trigger

In QC3.0 trigger mode, use the left and right buttons to decrease/increase the trigger voltage. Press the BACK button to return. Pressing left/right keys quickly adjusts the voltage.

The display shows Qualcomm QC 3.0 status, including voltage, D+/D- voltage, and power, with options to adjust voltage by ±200mV.

8.0.4 Huawei FCP Trigger

The operation method is the same as QC2.0 trigger.

8.0.5 Huawei SCP Trigger

The operation mode is the same as QC3.0 trigger.

8.0.6 Samsung AFC Trigger

The operation method is the same as QC2.0 trigger.

8.0.7 PD Protocol Trigger

Switch the PD communication switch to ON to enter PD protocol trigger mode. Switch it OFF after exiting. The display shows messages sent by the charger, including up to 6 gears (fixed voltage gears 1-5, adjustable voltage gear PPS). The left dot indicates the current gear, switchable with left/right buttons. For PPS gear, step voltage can be adjusted via the middle button, then fine-tuned with left/right buttons.

8.0.8 PD Protocol Conversion

This function is for QC2.0 chargers to supply power to PD appliances. Switch the PD communication switch to ON, enter PD protocol conversion mode, plug in PD appliances, and perform PD fast charge.

In this mode, use the middle button and left/right buttons to change the maximum power of packets sent by the PD. Be careful not to exceed the charger's power. Confirm changes with the middle button. When no device is connected, set to 5V to avoid high-voltage damage to incompatible phones.

QC2.0 chargers supporting 20V trigger will be detected. If 20V is not reached, the tester cancels the 20V gear and resends the Caps broadcast. Some PD appliances may change D+/D- voltages during charging, causing QC2.0 trigger exceptions; this function cannot be used for such appliances.

8.0.9 VOOC/WARP Constant Voltage Trigger

The operation method is the same as QC3.0 trigger.

8.0.9 SVOOC Trigger

SuperVOOC requires a load greater than 500mA and operates at 10.5V. Only the BACK button is available for returning to the previous page.

9.0 Charging Tool

Accessed by long-pressing the right button on the Fast Charge Identification page (6.0.3). Functions include:

1. PD monitor.
2. Read the E-Marker cable.
3. Read the DASH cable.
4. Analog DASH cable.
5. Apple 2.4A acceleration.

9.0.1 PD Listener

To use the PD listener, turn the PD communication switch ON. Use a power supply not exceeding 16V (usually 5V) and a Micro-USB cable connected to the PC online port for external power. Connect the charger and PD appliances via Type-C IN and Type-C OUT interfaces using two C-C cables. If the PD charger cannot power up due to a single-sided CC on the C-C cable, flipping the connector may resolve the issue.

The display shows the charger's status (e.g., 65W PD charging head) and the selected gear for the PD appliance (e.g., third gear for 12V target voltage, 3A max current).

The middle button allows switching to view the detailed communication process. The left column allows selecting messages by left/key. Message number 41 (0x1882REQ) is a request message from the PD consumer to the charging head. The right column shows voltage and current information. Long press the left button to clear the data buffer; long press the right button to browse messages.

Notes:

• 1. In the settings menu, under 'trigger', blocking PDCRC can turn off CRC monitoring.
• 2. Refer to relevant information for the meaning of PD protocol messages.

9.0.2 Read E-Marker Cable

E-Marker cables have an E-Marker chip in the Type-C interface. Without it, PD charging head packets cannot exceed 3A. Using an E-Marker cable allows triggering the PD protocol for currents exceeding 3A.

When using the PD listener, Type-C interfaces cannot be used for power supply, but PC port, USB-A, and Micro-USB interfaces can. The PD communication switch must be ON. After entering this function, plug in the cable via any Type-C interface to read messages. The display shows parsed data (VenderID, Type, Speed, Length, Max Vol, Cur, Hardware, Firmware) and original data (CC Pin, VDM Header, ID Header, Cert Stat, product, Cable).

9.0.3 Read DASH Cable

Enter this function, plug in the DASH cable, and read chip-related data. The display shows ROM data, ADDR, and confirmation messages like 'Dash cable found! Verified!'

9.0.4 Analog DASH Cable

This function is used without a dedicated DASH cable. The USB-A head of a DASH cable has an extra data pin and chip for identifying and starting VOOC/WARP flash charge.

If a phone normally requires a USB-A to Type-C DASH cable but one is unavailable, the FNB48 tester and a C-C cable can simulate the DASH cable function to perform VOOC/WARP flash charging.

Note: Since this method does not use the original data cable, charging power is significantly affected by the C-C line's impedance. High impedance will reduce charging power.

9.0.5 Apple 2.4A Acceleration

When an Apple device detects D+ and D- at 2.7V, it charges at 5V-2.4A. This function sets D+ and D- to 2.7V.

10.0 Setting Menu

In the settings menu, use the left and right buttons to select options. The middle button enters/confirms, and the BACK button returns/cancels.

10.1 Settings Menu -> General

Configure general system settings:

• 10.1.1 Display brightness: Adjustable range 1-20.
• 10.1.2 Standby brightness: Adjustable range 0-20. Setting to 0 enters standby mode and turns off the screen.
• 10.1.3 Standby time: Sets the time until the device enters standby state after the last button operation.
• 10.1.4 Data transmission: When closed, the PC port cannot connect to the computer.
• 10.1.5 Temperature symbol: Displays onboard temperature as °C or °F.
• 10.1.6 Language: Currently supports Chinese/English. English may display in a Chinese system due to character size limitations.
• 10.1.7 Current change wake up: Sets the wake-up current. When the current change exceeds this value, the meter exits standby. Setting to 0 disables this function.
• 10.1.8 Bluetooth switch: When closed, Bluetooth data transmission is not possible.
• 10.1.9 Gravity direction recognition: When enabled, automatically switches page orientation. When disabled, page reversal is not automatic but can be done by long-pressing the middle button on the simple page (6.0.1).
• 10.1.10 Boot page: Turns the boot page display on or off.
• 10.1.11 Reset: Restores all settings except recorded data.

10.2 Settings Menu -> Record

Configure settings for logging data:

• 10.2.1 Curve recording time: Sets the recording time for voltage and current curves (max 9 hours). Setting to 'no time record' or changing configuration clears the curve data to 0.
• 10.2.2 Statistical current threshold: Sets a threshold (0-5A) for capacity, energy, and time statistics.
• 10.2.3 Energy statistics time: Set to 'no time' for unlimited statistics until maximum value is reached. Statistics stop automatically when the set time is reached.
• 10.2.7 Clear all records: Clears all recorded data, including offline curves and energy statistics.

10.3 Trigger Related Configuration

Configure trigger settings:

• 10.3.1 Trigger time: Set trigger time.
• 10.3.2 Block PD CDC: When PD is monitoring, CRC messages can be masked. Default is off.
• 10.3.2 Boot simulation DASH: Enables analog DASH cable function at boot. Default is off.
• 10.3.2 Boot Apple 2.4A: Enables Apple 2.4A acceleration function at boot. Default is off.

10.4 Settings Menu -> System

View instrument information such as operating times, SN serial number, and software version.

11.0 Upgrade Firmware Instructions

1. Open the FNIRSIUSBMeter upgrade tool.
2. With the meter off, press the middle button to access the PC online port. The connected device, model, and firmware version will be displayed.
3. Click 'OPEN' and choose the firmware to upgrade.
4. Click 'START' to begin the firmware upgrade. After completion, the meter will automatically restart and enter the main interface.