Performing Basic System Management
This chapter describes the basic tasks that you can perform to manage the general system features of the Cisco IOS software--those features that are generally not specific to a particular protocol. For a complete description of the basic system management commands in this chapter, refer to the "Basic System Management Commands" chapter of the Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference. To locate documentation of other commands that appear in this chapter, use the command reference master index or search online.
Basic System Management Task List
This chapter describes the basic system management tasks you can perform. Perform any of the tasks in the following sections:
· Customize the Router Prompt · Set the Router Name · Create and Monitor Command Aliases · Access Services · Enable the Finger Protocol · Hide Telnet Addresses · Generate a Downward-Compatible Configuration · Set Time and Calendar Services · Delay EXEC Startup · Handle Idle Telnet Connection · Set the Interval for Load Data · Limit TCP Transactions · Configure Switching and Scheduling Priorities · Modify the System Buffer Size
Refer to the "Basic System Management Examples" section at the end of this chapter for examples.
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Customize the Router Prompt
Customize the Router Prompt
By default, the prompt consists of the router name followed by an angle bracket (>) for EXEC mode or a pound sign (#) for privileged EXEC mode. To customize your prompt, use either of the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command prompt string no service prompt config
Purpose Customize the prompt. Remove the configuration prompt (config).
Set the Router Name
One of the first basic commands is to name your router. The name is considered the host name and is the name that is displayed by the system prompt. If no name is configured, the system default name is Router. To name the router, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command hostname name
Purpose Set the host name.
For an example of configuring a router name, see the section "System Configuration File Example" at the end of this chapter.
Create and Monitor Command Aliases
You can create aliases for commonly used or complex commands. Use word substitutions or abbreviations to tailor command syntax for you and your user community.
To create and display command aliases, perform the tasks in the following sections:
· Create a Command Alias · Display Command Aliases
Create a Command Alias
To create a command alias, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command alias mode alias-name alias-command-line
Purpose Configure a command alias.
Display Command Aliases
To display alias names and the original command syntax, use the following command in EXEC mode:
Command show aliases [mode]
Purpose
Show all command aliases and original command syntax, or specify the aliases in a particular command mode.
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Access Services
Access Services
You can access TCP, UDP, and BOOTP services (sometimes called minor services) from hosts on the network. The TCP and UDP services are disabled by default. The BOOTP service is enabled by default.
To enable the TCP and UDP services or disable the BOOTP service, use any of the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command service tcp-small-servers service udp-small-servers no ip bootp server
Purpose Access minor TCP services such as echo, chargen, discard, and daytime. Access minor UDP services such as echo, chargen, and discard. Disables the BOOTP server.
Enable the Finger Protocol
You can enable the Finger protocol so that people throughout the network can get a list of the users currently using the router. The information displayed includes the processes running on the system, the line number, connection name, idle time, and terminal location. To enable the Finger protocol, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command service finger
Purpose Enable the Finger protocol requests.
Hide Telnet Addresses
You can hide addresses while attempting to establish a Telnet session. To configure the router to suppress Telnet addresses, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command service hide-telnet-address
Purpose Hide addresses while establishing a Telnet session.
The hide feature suppresses the display of the address and continues to display all other messages that would normally display during a connection attempt, such as detailed error messages if the connection was not successful.
Use the busy-message command with the service hide-telnet-address command to customize the information displayed during Telnet connection attempts. If the connection attempt is not successful, the router suppresses the address and displays the message specified with the busy-message command.
Generate a Downward-Compatible Configuration
In Cisco IOS Release 10.3, IP access lists changed format. If you decide to downgrade from Release 11.0 to Release 10.2, you can configure the software to regenerate a configuration in the format of Release 10.2, thereby saving time and making your IP access lists compatible with the software.
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Set Time and Calendar Services
To have the software regenerate a configuration in the format prior to Release 10.3, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command downward-compatible-config version
Purpose Generate a backward-compatible configuration.
Set Time and Calendar Services
All Cisco routers provide an array of time-of-day services. These services allow the products to accurately keep track of the current time and date, to synchronize multiple products to the same time, and to provide time services to other systems. The following sections describe the time and calendar tasks:
· Understand Time Sources · Configure NTP · Configure SNTP · Configure VINES Time Service · Configure Time and Date Manually · Monitor Time and Calendar Services
Understand Time Sources
The heart of the time service is the system clock. This clock runs from the moment the system starts up and keeps track of the current date and time. The system clock can be set from a number of sources and in turn can be used to distribute the current time through various mechanisms to other systems. When a router with a system calendar is initialized, the system clock is set based on the time in its internal battery-powered calendar; on other models, the system clock it is set to midnight on March 1, 1993. The system clock can then be set from the following sources:
· Network Time Protocol (NTP) · Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) · VINES Time Service · Manual configuration
The system clock can provide time to the following services:
· NTP · VINES Time Service · User show commands · Logging and debugging messages
Note The system clock cannot provide time to the NTP or VINES Time Service if it was set using SNTP.
FC-304 Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide
Understand Time Sources
The system clock keeps track of time internally based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). You can configure information about the local time zone and summer time (daylight savings time) so that the time is displayed correctly relative to the local time zone.
The system clock keeps track of whether the time is "authoritative" or not (that is, whether it has been set by a time source considered to be authoritative). If it is not authoritative, the time will be available only for display purposes and will not be redistributed.
Network Time Protocol
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol designed to time-synchronize a network of machines. NTP runs over UDP, which in turn runs over IP. NTP is documented in RFC 1305.
An NTP network usually gets its time from an authoritative time source, such as a radio clock or an atomic clock attached to a time server. NTP then distributes this time across the network. NTP is extremely efficient; no more than one packet per minute is necessary to synchronize two machines to within a millisecond of one another.
NTP uses the concept of a "stratum" to describe how many NTP "hops" away a machine is from an authoritative time source. A "stratum 1" time server has a radio or atomic clock directly attached, a "stratum 2" time server receives its time via NTP from a "stratum 1" time server, and so on. A machine running NTP will automatically choose as its time source the machine with the lowest stratum number that it is configured to communicate with via NTP. This strategy effectively builds a self-organizing tree of NTP speakers.
NTP is careful to avoid synchronizing to a machine whose time may not be accurate. It avoids doing so in two ways. First of all, NTP will never synchronize to a machine that is not in turn synchronized itself. Secondly, NTP will compare the time reported by several machines, and will not synchronize to a machine whose time is significantly different than the others, even if its stratum is lower.
The communications between machines running NTP (known as "associations") are usually statically configured; each machine is given the IP address of all machines with which it should form associations. Accurate timekeeping is made possible by exchanging NTP messages between each pair of machines with an association. However, in a local-area network (LAN) environment, NTP can be configured to use IP broadcast messages instead.
This alternative reduces configuration complexity because each machine can simply be configured to send or receive broadcast messages. However, the accuracy of timekeeping is marginally reduced because the information flow is one-way only.
The time kept on a machine is a critical resource, so we strongly recommend that you use the security features of NTP to avoid the accidental or malicious setting of incorrect time. Two mechanisms are available: an access list-based restriction scheme and an encrypted authentication mechanism.
Cisco's implementation of NTP does not support stratum 1 service; in other words, it is not possible to connect to a radio or atomic clock. It is recommended that time service for your network be derived from the public NTP servers available in the IP Internet.
If the network is isolated from the Internet, Cisco's implementation of NTP allows a machine to be configured so that it acts as though it is synchronized via NTP, when in fact it has determined the time using other means. Other machines then synchronize to that machine via NTP.
When multiple sources of time (VINES, system calendar, manual configuration) are available, NTP is always considered to be more authoritative. NTP time overrides the time set by any other method.
A number of manufacturers include NTP software for their host systems, and a publicly available version for systems running UNIX and its various derivatives is also available. This software allows host systems to be time-synchronized as well.
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Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP)
Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) is a simplified, client-only version of NTP for use on Cisco 1003, Cisco 1004, Cisco 1005, Cisco 1600, Cisco 1720, and Cisco 1750 routers. SNTP can only receive the time from NTP servers; it cannot be used to provide time services to other systems. SNTP typically provides time within 100 milliseconds of the accurate time, but it does not provide the complex filtering and statistical mechanisms of NTP. In addition, SNTP does not authenticate traffic, although you can configure extended access lists to provide some protection. An SNTP client is more vulnerable to misbehaving servers than an NTP client and should only be used in situations where strong authentication is not required. You can configure SNTP to request and accept packets from configured servers or to accept NTP broadcast packets from any source. When multiple sources are sending NTP packets, the server with the best stratum is selected. (See the "Network Time Protocol" section for a description of strata.) If multiple servers are at the same stratum, a configured server is preferred over a broadcast server. If multiple servers pass both tests, the first one to send a time packet is selected. SNTP will only choose a new server if it stops receiving packets from the currently selected server, or if a better server (according to the above criteria) is discovered.
VINES Time Service
Time service is also available when Banyan VINES is configured. This protocol is a standard part of VINES. Cisco's implementation allows the VINES time service to be used in two ways. First, if the system has learned the time from some other source, it can act as a VINES time server and provide time to other machines running VINES. It also can use the VINES time service to set the system clock if no other form of time service is available.
Calendar System
Some routers contain a battery-powered calendar system that tracks the date and time across system restarts and power outages. This calendar system is always used to initialize the system clock when the system is restarted. It can also be considered to be an authoritative source of time and be redistributed via NTP or VINES time service if no other source is available. Furthermore, if NTP is running, the calendar can be periodically updated from NTP, compensating for the inherent drift in the calendar time.
Configure NTP
NTP services are enabled on all interfaces by default. The optional tasks you can perform are documented in the following sections:
· Configure NTP Authentication · Configure NTP Associations · Configure NTP Broadcast Service · Configure NTP Access Restrictions · Configure the Source IP Address for NTP Packets · Configure the System as an Authoritative NTP Server · Configure NTP to Update the Calendar
FC-306 Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide
Configure NTP
Configure NTP Authentication
If you want to authenticate the associations with other systems for security purposes, use the commands that follow. The first command enables the NTP authentication feature. The second command defines each of the authentication keys. Each key has a key number, a type, and a value. Currently the only key type supported is md5. Third, a list of "trusted" authentication keys is defined. If a key is trusted, this system will be ready to synchronize to a system that uses this key in its NTP packets.
To configure NTP authentication, use the following commands in global configuration mode:
Step
1 2 3
Command ntp authenticate ntp authentication-key number md5 value ntp trusted-key key-number
Purpose Enable the NTP authentication feature. Define the authentication keys. Define trusted authentication keys.
Configure NTP Associations
An NTP association can be a peer association (meaning that this system is willing to either synchronize to the other system or to allow the other system to synchronize to it), or it can be a server association (meaning that only this system will synchronize to the other system, and not the other way around). If you want to form an NTP association with another system, use one of the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command
ntp peer ip-address [normal-sync] [version number] [key keyid] [source interface] [prefer]
ntp server ip-address [version number] [key keyid] [source interface] [prefer]
Purpose Form a peer association with another system.
Form a server association with another system.
Note that only one end of an association needs to be configured; the other system will automatically establish the association.
See the example entitled "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
Configure NTP Broadcast Service
The system can either send broadcast packets or listen to them on an interface-by-interface basis. The estimated round-trip delay for broadcast packets can also be configured. Use one or more of the following commands in global configuration mode if you want to use NTP's broadcast feature:
Command ntp broadcast [version number] ntp broadcast client ntp broadcastdelay microseconds
Purpose Send NTP broadcast packets. Receive NTP broadcast packets. Adjust estimated delay.
See the example entitled "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
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Configure NTP Access Restrictions
You can control NTP access on two levels by completing the tasks in the following sections:
· Create an Access Group and Assign a Basic IP Access List to It · Disable NTP Services on a Specific Interface
Create an Access Group and Assign a Basic IP Access List to It
To control access to NTP services, you can create an NTP access group and apply a basic IP access list to it. To do so, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
ntp access-group {query-only | serve-only | serve | peer} access-list-number
Purpose
Create an access group and apply a basic IP access list to it.
The access group options are scanned in the following order, from least restrictive to most restrictive:
1 peer--Allows time requests and NTP control queries and allows the system to synchronize itself to a system whose address passes the access list criteria.
2 serve--Allows time requests and NTP control queries, but does not allow the system to synchronize itself to a system whose address passes the access list criteria.
3 serve-only--Allows only time requests from a system whose address passes the access list criteria.
4 query-only--Allows only NTP control queries from a system whose address passes the access list criteria.
If the source IP address matches the access lists for more than one access type, the first type is granted. If no access groups are specified, all access types are granted to all systems. If any access groups are specified, only the specified access types will be granted.
For details on NTP control queries, see RFC 1305 (NTP version 3).
Disable NTP Services on a Specific Interface
NTP services are enabled on all interfaces by default. You can disable NTP packets from being received through an interface by using the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command ntp disable
Purpose Disable NTP services on a specific interface.
Configure the Source IP Address for NTP Packets
When the system sends an NTP packet, the source IP address is normally set to the address of the interface through which the NTP packet is sent. Use the following command in global configuration mode if you want to configure a specific interface from which the IP source address will be taken:
Command ntp source interface
Purpose
Configure an interface from which the IP source address will be taken.
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Configure SNTP
This interface will be used for the source address for all packets sent to all destinations. If a source address is to be used for a specific association, use the source parameter on the ntp peer or ntp server command shown earlier in this chapter.
Configure the System as an Authoritative NTP Server
Use the following command in global configuration mode if you want the system to be an authoritative NTP server, even if the system is not synchronized to an outside time source:
Command ntp master [stratum]
Purpose Make the system an authoritative NTP server.
Caution Use this command with extreme caution. It is very easy to override valid time sources using this command, especially if a low stratum number is configured. Configuring multiple machines in the same network with the ntp master command can cause instability in timekeeping if the machines do not agree on the time.
For an example of configuring an authoritative NTP server, see the section "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
Configure NTP to Update the Calendar
On systems which have calendars, you can configure NTP to periodically update the calendar.
Use the following command in global configuration mode if the system is synchronized to an outside time source via NTP and you want the calendar to be synchronized periodically to NTP time:
Command ntp update-calendar
Purpose Configure NTP to update the calendar.
For an example of configuring NTP to update the calendar, see the section "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
Configure SNTP
SNTP is disabled by default. In order to enable SNTP on a Cisco 1003, Cisco 1004, Cisco 1005, Cisco 1600, Cisco 1720, or Cisco 1750 router, use one or both of the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command
sntp server {address | hostname} [version number]
sntp broadcast client
Purpose Configure SNTP to request NTP packets from an NTP server.
Configure SNTP to accept NTP packets from any NTP broadcast server.
Enter the sntp server command once for each NTP server. The NTP servers must be configured to respond to the SNTP messages from the router.
If you enter both the sntp server command and the sntp broadcast client command, the router will accept time from a broadcast server but prefers time from a configured server, assuming the strata are equal. To display information about SNTP, use the show sntp EXEC command.
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Configure VINES Time Service
Use the following command in global configuration mode if you want to distribute the system clock to other VINES systems:
Command vines time use-system
Purpose Distribute the system clock to other VINES systems.
To receive VINES time service to control the system clock, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command vines time set-system
Purpose Receive VINES time service.
Configure Time and Date Manually
If no other source of time is available, you can manually configure the current time and date after the system is restarted. The time will remain accurate until the next system restart. We recommend that you use manual configuration only as a last resort.
To set up time services, complete the tasks in the following sections as needed. If you have an outside source to which the router can synchronize, you do not need to manually set the system clock.
· Configure the Time Zone · Configure Summer Time (Daylight Savings Time) · Set the System Clock · Set the System Calendar
Configure the Time Zone
Use the following command in global configuration mode to manually configure the time zone used by the Cisco IOS software:
Command clock timezone zone hours [minutes]
Purpose Set the time zone.
For an example of configuring the time zone, see the section "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
Configure Summer Time (Daylight Savings Time)
To configure summer time (daylight savings time) in areas where it starts and ends on a particular day of the week each year, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
clock summer-time zone recurring [week day month hh:mm week day month hh:mm [offset]]
Purpose Configure summer time.
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Configure Time and Date Manually
If summer time in your area does not follow this pattern, you can configure the exact date and time of the next summer time events by using one of the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command
Purpose
clock summer-time zone date month date year hh:mm Configure summer time. month date year hh:mm [offset]
or
clock summer-time zone date date month year hh:mm date month year hh:mm [offset]
For an example of configuring summer time, see the section "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
Set the System Clock
If you have an outside source on the network that provides time services (such as an NTP server or VINES time service), you do not need to manually set the system clock.
However, if you have do not have any time service source, use one of the following commands in privileged EXEC mode to set the system clock:
Command clock set hh:mm:ss date month year or clock set hh:mm:ss month date year
Purpose Set the system clock.
Set the System Calendar
Some routers have a separate system calendar in addition to the system clock. The calendar can set the system time and control the system clock, as well as enable the router to act as a time service for the network.
You can complete the tasks in the following sections to enable the calendar capabilities:
· Set the Router Calendar · Set the Router as a Network Time Source · Set the System Clock from the Calendar · Set the Calendar from the System Clock
Set the Router Calendar
The calendar maintains time separately from the system clock. It continues to run when the system is restarted or power is turned off. Typically, it only needs to be manually set once, when the system is first installed. If time is available from an external source using NTP, the calendar can be updated from the system clock instead.
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Set Time and Calendar Services
If you do not have an external time source, use the following command in EXEC mode to set the system calendar:
Command calendar set hh:mm:ss day month year or calendar set hh:mm:ss month day year
Purpose Set the calendar.
Set the Router as a Network Time Source
Although the system clock is always initialized from the calendar when the system is restarted, by default it is not considered to be authoritative and so will not be redistributed with NTP or VINES Time Service. To make the calendar be authoritative, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command clock calendar-valid
Purpose
Enable the router to act as a valid time source to which network peers can synchronize.
For an example of making the calendar authoritative, see the section "Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples" at the end of this chapter.
Set the System Clock from the Calendar
To set the system clock to the new calendar setting, use the following command in EXEC mode:
Command clock read-calendar
Purpose Set the system clock from the calendar.
Set the Calendar from the System Clock
To update the calendar with the new clock setting, use the following command in EXEC mode:
Command clock update-calendar
Purpose Set the calendar from the system clock.
Monitor Time and Calendar Services
To monitor clock, calendar, and NTP EXEC services, use any of the following commands in EXEC mode:
Command show calendar show clock [detail] show ntp associations [detail] show ntp status show sntp
Purpose Display the current calendar time. Display the current system clock time. Show the status of NTP associations. Show the status of NTP. Display information about SNTP (Cisco 1003, Cisco 1004, Cisco 1005, Cisco 1600, Cisco 1720, or Cisco 1750).
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Delay EXEC Startup
Delay EXEC Startup
You can delay the startup of the EXEC on noisy lines until the line has been idle for 3 seconds. To do so, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command service exec-wait
Purpose Delay startup of the EXEC.
This command is useful on noisy modem lines or when a modem attached to the line is configured to ignore MNP or V.42 negotiations, and MNP or V.42 modems may be dialing in. In these cases, noise or MNP/V.42 packets might be interpreted as usernames and passwords, causing authentication failure before the user can type a username/password. The command is not useful on nonmodem lines or lines without some kind of login configured.
Handle Idle Telnet Connection
You can configure the Cisco IOS software to set the TCP window to zero (0) when the Telnet connection is idle. To do so, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command service telnet-zero-idle
Purpose Set the TCP window to zero when the Telnet connection is idle.
Normally, data sent to noncurrent Telnet connections is accepted and discarded. When service telnet-zero-idle is enabled, if a session is suspended (that is, some other connection is made active or the EXEC is sitting in command mode), the TCP window is set to zero. This action prevents the remote host from sending any more data until the connection is resumed. Use this command when it is important that all messages sent by the host be seen by the users and the users are likely to use multiple sessions. Do not use this command if your host will eventually time out and log out a TCP user whose window is zero.
Set the Interval for Load Data
You can change the period of time over which a set of data is used for computing load statistics. Decisions, such as dial backup decisions, are dependent on these statistics. If you decrease the load interval, the average statistics are computed over a shorter period of time and are more responsive to bursts of traffic.
To change the length of time for which a set of data is used to compute load statistics, use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command load-interval seconds
Purpose Set the length of time for which data is used for load calculations.
Limit TCP Transactions
When using a standard TCP implementation to send keystrokes between machines, TCP tends to send one packet for each keystroke typed, which can use up bandwidth and contribute to congestion on larger networks.
John Nagle's algorithm (RFC 896) helps alleviate the small-packet problem in TCP. The first character typed after connection establishment is sent in a single packet, but TCP holds any additional characters typed until the receiver acknowledges the previous packet. Then the second,
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larger packet is sent, and additional typed characters are saved until the acknowledgment comes back. The effect is to accumulate characters into larger chunks, and pace them out to the network at a rate matching the round-trip time of the given connection. This method is usually good for all TCP-based traffic. However, do not enable the Nagle slow packet avoidance algorithm if you have XRemote users on X Window sessions.
By default, the Nagle algorithm is not enabled. To enable the Nagle algorithm and thereby reduce TCP transactions, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command service nagle
Purpose Enable the Nagle slow packet avoidance algorithm.
Configure Switching and Scheduling Priorities
The normal operation of the network server allows the switching operations to use as much of the central processor as is required. If the network is running unusually heavy loads that do not allow the processor the time to handle the routing protocols, you might need to give priority to the system process scheduler. To do so, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command scheduler interval milliseconds
Purpose
Define the maximum amount of time that can elapse without running the lowest-priority system processes.
To change the amount of time that the CPU spends on fast switching and process level operations on the Cisco 7200 series and Cisco 7500 series, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
scheduler allocate network-microseconds process-microseconds
Purpose
For the Cisco 7200 series and Cisco 7500 series, change the default time the CPU spends on process tasks and fast switching.
Caution Cisco recommends that you do not change the default values of the scheduler allocate command.
Modify the System Buffer Size
You can adjust initial buffer pool settings and the limits at which temporary buffers are created and destroyed. To do so, use either of the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command
buffers {small | middle | big | verybig | large | huge | type number} {permanent | max-free | min-free | initial} number
buffers huge size number
Purpose Adjust the system buffer sizes.
Dynamically resize all huge buffers to the value that you supply.
Caution Normally you need not adjust these parameters; do so only after consulting with technical support personnel. Improper settings can adversely impact system performance.
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Basic System Management Examples
During normal system operation, there are two sets of buffer pools: public and interface.
· The buffers in the public pools grow and shrink based upon demand. Some public pools are
temporary and are created and destroyed as needed. Other public pools are permanently allocated and cannot be destroyed. The public buffer pools are small, middle, big, large, very big, and huge.
· Interface pools are static--that is, they are all permanent. One interface pool exists for each
interface. For example, a Cisco 4000 1E 4T configuration has one Ethernet buffer pool and four serial buffer pools. In the buffers command, the type and number arguments allow the user to tune the interface pools.
See the section "Buffer Modification Examples" at the end of this chapter.
The server has one pool of queueing elements and six public pools of packet buffers of different sizes. For each pool, the server keeps count of the number of buffers outstanding, the number of buffers in the free list, and the maximum number of buffers allowed in the free list. To display statistics about the buffer pool on the system, use any of the following commands in EXEC mode:
Command
Purpose
show buffers
Display all public pool information.
show buffers address hex-addr
Display buffer information for an address.
show buffers all [dump | header | packet]
Display all public and interface pool information.
show buffers assigned [dump | header | packet]
Display a listing of all buffers in use.
show buffers failures [dump | header | packet]
Display buffer allocation failures
show buffers free [dump | header | packet]
Display buffers available for use
show buffers old [dump | header | packet]
Display buffers older than one minute.
show buffers input-interface interface-type identifier Display buffer information for an input interface.
show buffers pool pool name
Display all interface pool information.
Basic System Management Examples
The following sections provide system management examples:
· System Configuration File Example · Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples · Buffer Modification Examples
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Basic System Management Examples
System Configuration File Example
The following is an example of a typical system configuration file:
! Define line password line 0 4
password secret login ! ! Define privileged-level password enable-password Secret Word ! ! Define a system hostname hostname TIP ! Specify a configuration file to load at system startup boot host host1-confg 192.168.1.111 boot host host2-confg 192.168.1.111 ! Specify the system image to boot at startup boot system sys1-system 192.168.13.111 boot system sys2-system 192.168.1.111 boot system rom ! ! Enable SNMP snmp-server community red snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication snmp-server host 192.168.1.27 public snmp-server host 192.168.1.111 public snmp-server host 192.168.2.63 public ! ! Define TACACS server hosts tacacs-server host 192.168.1.27 tacacs-server host 192.168.13.33 tacacs-server host 192.168.1.33 ! ! Define a message-of-the-day banner banner motd ^C The Information Place welcomes you
Please call 1-800-555-2222 for a login account, or enter your password at the prompt. ^C
Clock, Calendar, and NTP Configuration Examples
In the following example, a router with a system calendar has server associations with two other systems, transmits broadcast NTP packets, periodically updates the calendar, and redistributes time into VINES:
clock timezone PST -8 clock summer-time PDT recurring ntp update-calendar ntp server 192.168.13.57 ntp server 192.168.11.58 interface Ethernet 0/0
ntp broadcast vines time use-system
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Buffer Modification Examples In the following example, a router with a calendar has no outside time source, so it uses the calendar as an authoritative time source and distributes the time via NTP broadcast packets.
clock timezone MET 2 clock calendar-valid ntp master interface fddi 0/0
ntp broadcast
Buffer Modification Examples
The following example instructs the system to keep at least 50 small buffers free:
buffers small min-free 50
The following example instructs the system to keep no more than 200 medium buffers free:
buffers middle max-free 200
The following example instructs the system to create one large temporary extra buffer, just after a reload:
buffers large initial 1
The following example instructs the system to create one permanent huge buffer:
buffers huge permanent 1
Performing Basic System Management FC-317
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