CMACEWHEEL YL91F-V Electric Bike Display User's Manual

1. Product Name and Model Number

Smart LCD display for electric bicycle; Model: YL91F-V.

2. Specification

• Power supply: 36V/48V/52V
• Display rated current: 15mA
• Display maximum current: 30mA
• Shutdown leakage current: <1uA
• Supplied current to the controller: 50mA
• Operating temperature: -20°C to 60°C
• Storage temperature: -30°C to 70°C

3. Appearance and Size

The YL91F-V is a smart LCD display for electric bicycles. It features a rectangular screen displaying various riding information.

Figure 3-1 Physical picture of the YL91F-V display: The display shows battery level (e.g., 100%), speed units (KM/H or MPH), current speed (e.g., 00.0), PAS level (e.g., 3), error messages, and odometer/trip data (e.g., ODO 00025.3). It includes icons for various functions.

Control Buttons:

• K5 Control Button (Figure 3-2): A compact control unit with a few buttons.
• K6 Control Button (Figure 3-3): A control unit with multiple buttons, including power [▶️], info [ℹ️], plus [➕], minus [➖], and light [?].

Dimensions:

• Front View (Figure 3-4): Approximately 65mm width and 86mm height.
• Side View (Figure 3-5): Approximately 77mm length, 13.5mm thickness, 115.5mm height, and a mounting diameter of approximately 31.8mm. The bracket depth is about 26mm.

4. Function Overview and Functional Areas

4.1 Functional Overview

The YL91F-V display offers a variety of features for electric bicycle riding, including:

• Battery level indicator
• Pedal assist (PAS) level indicator
• Speed display (current, maximum, average)
• Mileage display (single and total)
• Walk boost mode
• Light ON/OFF control
• Error code indicator
• Motor power indicator (optional)
• USB connection indicator (optional)
• Cruise control indicator (optional)
• Bluetooth connection indicator (optional)
• Personalized parameter settings (e.g., wheel diameter, speed limit, battery power, PAS settings, password, controller current limit)
• Factory default parameter recovery function

4.2 Functional Areas

Figure 4-1 YL91F-V functional area distribution interface: The display is divided into several areas:

• Top Bar: Battery level (e.g., 100%), potentially other status icons.
• Main Display Area: Shows Speed (e.g., 88.8 KM/H), Error codes (e.g., ERROR), PAS level (e.g., 8), and units (KM/H, MPH).
• Bottom Area: Displays Odometer, Trip odometer, Max speed, Average speed, and Walk boost status.
• Side/Bottom Icons: Indicate functions like Light ON/OFF, Cruise control, Speed unit, and Value/Unit settings.

4.3 Button Definitions

The YL91F-V display is operated via five buttons on the control unit:

• Power ON/OFF [▶️]
• Plus [➕]
• Minus [➖]
• Light [?]
• Toggle [ℹ️]

5. Routine Operation

5.1 Power ON/OFF

Long press the power button [▶️] to turn the display ON or OFF. When the display is OFF, it consumes minimal battery power (leakage current less than 1uA).

The display will automatically shut off if not used for more than 10 minutes.

5.2 Display Interface Switching

When powered ON, the display defaults to showing Current Speed (km/h) and Odometer (km). Short press the toggle button [ℹ️] to cycle through the following displays:

• Odometer (km)
• Trip Odometer (km)
• Maximum Speed (km/h)
• Average Speed (km/h)

Figure 5-1 Display Interface Switching: Illustrates the transition between Odometer (e.g., 00.0 KM/H, ODO 16.8 km), Trip Odometer (e.g., TRIP 00016.8 km), Maximum Speed (e.g., 24.6 KM/H, MAX 00025.8 km), and Average Speed (e.g., 24.6 KM/H, AVG 00023.9 km/h).

5.3 Walk Boost Mode

Long press and hold the minus button [➖] to activate walk boost mode. The electric bicycle will move at a fixed speed of 6 km/h, indicated on the display. Release the button to immediately stop power output and return to the previous state.

Figure 5-2 Helping to implement the display screen: Shows the display indicating "06.0 KM/H" during walk boost mode.

⚠️ The walk boost mode is intended for pushing the electric bicycle and should not be used while riding.

5.4 Turning ON/OFF Lights

Press the light button [?] to turn on the bicycle lights and dim the display backlight. Press the light button [?] again to turn off the lights and restore the backlight brightness.

Figure 5-3 Backlight display interface: Shows the display with lights on and dim backlight (e.g., 21.8 KM/H, PAS 3).

5.5 PAS Level Selection

Press the plus [➕] or minus [➖] buttons to switch the Pedal Assist System (PAS) level, which adjusts the motor's output power.

Figure 5-4 PAS level display interface: Demonstrates different PAS levels (e.g., 1, 2, 3) with corresponding speed and battery indicators.

5.6 Battery Level Display

The battery level is indicated by 5 bars. All 5 bars are lit when the battery is fully charged. As the battery depletes, bars will turn off, and the last bar will flash when the battery is critically low, signaling the need to charge.

Figure 5-5 Battery Level Display Interface: Illustrates states from "Full power" (5 bars) down to "One bar power" and "Empty power flashing".

5.7 Error Code Display

If a fault occurs in the electric system, the display will show an error code. Refer to Schedule 1 for a detailed definition of error codes.

Figure 5-6 Error Code Display: Shows the display with "ERROR" and a numerical code (e.g., "30").

⚠️ When an error code appears, troubleshoot the problem promptly. The electric bicycle may not function normally until the issue is resolved.

6. Personalized Parameter Settings

⚠️ Each setting requires the bicycle to be stationary.

The personalized parameter setting procedure is as follows:

1. When the display is ON and the speed shows 0, press and hold the power [▶️] and toggle [ℹ️] buttons simultaneously for more than 2 seconds to enter the personalized parameter setting interface.
2. Press the plus [➕] or minus [➖] buttons to toggle between parameter setting screens, and press the toggle button [ℹ️] to enter the parameter changing state.
3. Press the plus [➕] or minus [➖] buttons to select the parameter value. Long press [➕] for addition, long press [➖] for subtraction.
4. Press the toggle button [ℹ️] to save the parameter settings and return to the personalized parameter setting interface.
5. Long press the toggle button [ℹ️] to save all settings and exit the personalized parameter setting interface.

The following options are available:

6.1 Metric and Imperial Setting

Parameter P1: Sets the unit system. "00" for metric (km/h), "01" for imperial (mph).

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select "00" or "01", then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-1 Metric and Imperial Units Setting Interface: Shows display options for "P1" with "KM/H" (00) and "MPH" (01).

6.2 Rated Voltage Setting

Parameter P2: Sets the rated voltage of the system. Available options: 24V, 36V, 48V, 52V.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the voltage, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-2 Rated voltage setting interface: Shows display option "P2" with a voltage value (e.g., "36 V").

6.3 PAS Level Setting

Parameter P3: Sets the Pedal Assist (PAS) level range. Available settings include: 0~3, 1~3, 0~5, 1~5, 1~7, 0~7, 0~9, 1~9.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the desired range, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-3 PAS level setting interface: Shows display option "P3" with a PAS range (e.g., "0-5").

6.4 Wheel Diameter Setting

Parameter P4: Sets the wheel diameter. The adjustable range is 1~50 inches.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the wheel diameter, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-4 Wheel diameter setting interface: Shows display option "P4" with a wheel diameter value (e.g., "26 in").

6.5 Number of Speed Sensor Magnets Setting

Parameter P5: Sets the number of speed sensor magnets. The adjustable range is 1~100 pcs.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the number of magnets, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-5 Number of speed sensor magnets setting interface: Shows display option "P5" with a magnet count (e.g., "01").

6.6 Speed Limit Setting

Parameter P6: Sets the speed limit. The adjustable range is 1~100 km/h. (Note: Maximum adjustable speed limit may vary by protocol).

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the speed limit, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-6 Speed limit setting interface: Shows display option "P6" with a speed limit value (e.g., "25 km/h").

6.7 Start-up Setting

Parameter P7: Sets the start-up mode. Options are "00" (zero start) or "01" (non-zero start).

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the start mode, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-7 Start-up setting interface: Shows display option "P7" with a start mode value (e.g., "00").

6.8 Drive Mode Setting

Parameter P8: Sets the drive mode. Options are "00" (Pedal assist only), "01" (Electric only), or "02" (Both Pedal assist and electric).

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the drive mode, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-8 Drive mode setting interface: Shows display option "P8" with a drive mode value (e.g., "02").

6.9 Pedal Assist Sensitivity Setting

Parameter P9: Sets the pedal assist sensitivity. Higher numbers require more crank rotations to activate the motor; lower numbers require less rotation. The adjustable range is 1~24.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the sensitivity, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-9 Pedal assist sensitivity setting interface: Shows display option "P9" with a sensitivity value (e.g., "02").

6.10 Pedal Assist Strength Setting

Parameter PA: Sets the pedal assist strength. This is the relative strength of the PWM signal from the controller. The adjustable range is 0~5, where 0 is the weakest and 5 is the strongest.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the strength, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-10 Pedal assist Start-up intensity setting interface: Shows display option "PA" with a strength value (e.g., "01").

6.11 Number of Pedal Assist Sensor Magnets Setting

Parameter Pb: Sets the number of pedal assist sensor magnets. The adjustable range is 1~15 pcs.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the number of magnets, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-11 Number of pedal assist sensor magnets setting interface: Shows display option "Pb" with a magnet count (e.g., "12").

6.12 Controller Current Limit Setting

Parameter PC: Sets the controller current limit. The adjustable range is 1~50A.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the current limit, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-12 Controller current limit setting interface: Shows display option "PC" with a current limit value (e.g., "15").

6.13 Battery Under Voltage Value Setting

Parameter Pd: Sets the battery under-voltage protection value. This value can be adjusted based on the current rated voltage.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the value, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-13 Battery under voltage value setting interface: Shows display option "Pd" with a voltage value (e.g., "31.5 V").

6.14 Power-on Password Setting

Parameter PE: Enables or disables the power-on password. By default, it is not activated. Users can activate it by setting "PSd-y". The factory default password is "1801". Users can set a custom four-digit password. It is crucial to remember the password after changing it, as forgetting it will prevent display usage.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the parameter. "PSd-y" means the power-on password is activated, while "PSd-n" means it is OFF. Press [ℹ️] to confirm the mode and enter the state of setting the four-digit password, or to exit the personalized parameter setting interface.

Figure 6-14 Power-on Password OFF interface: Shows display option "PE" with "PSd-n".

Figure 6-15 Power-on Password Activated interface: Shows display option "PE" with "PSd-y".

In the password setting mode, the adjustable digit will flash. Press [➕]/[➖] to select the digit and press [ℹ️] to save the number and move to the next digit. Long press [ℹ️] to save the entire password and return to the personalized parameter setting interface.

Figure 6-16 Power-on password setting interface: Shows display option "PE" with a four-digit password being set (e.g., "12 12").

6.15 Auto Sleep Time Setting

Parameter PF: Sets the auto sleep time. To save battery power and increase range, the display will turn off after a period of inactivity. The adjustable range is 1~60 minutes. "00" means no auto shutdown. The factory default setting is 10 minutes.

Press [ℹ️] to enter parameter changing state. Use [➕]/[➖] to select the time, then press [ℹ️] to save and return.

Figure 6-17 Auto Power Off Time Setting Interface: Shows display option "PF" with a time value (e.g., "10").

7. Shortcut Operation

7.1 Restore Factory Settings Operation

The "dEF" setting restores factory default parameters. "dEF-Y" restores settings, "dEF-N" cancels the operation.

To restore settings: Enter the main setting interface, ensure the speed is 0, then press and hold the power [▶️] and minus [➖] buttons simultaneously for 2 seconds to enter the restore factory default setting interface. Press [➕]/[➖] to toggle to "dEF-Y". Press [ℹ️] to confirm. The display will show "dEF-0" briefly, then automatically restore factory defaults. The display will exit to the setting interface after restoration.

Figure 7-1 Restore Factory Default Settings Interface: Shows display options "dEF-n", "dEF-Y", and "dEF-0".

7.2 Trip Odometer Reset Operation

The display records both the odometer and trip odometer. The trip odometer does not reset automatically when the display is turned off and must be reset manually. The odometer cannot be reset.

To reset the trip odometer: Enter the main setting interface, ensure the speed is 0, then press and hold the power [▶️] and minus [➖] buttons simultaneously for 2 seconds. The main interface will flash during the reset process.

Figure 7-2 Trip Odometer Reset Interface: Shows the display before (e.g., TRIP 25.3 km) and after reset (TRIP 000 km).

8. Quality Assurance and Warranty

8.1 Warranty Info

Yolin offers a limited warranty for any failures caused by product defects under normal use during the warranty period.

8.2 Warranty Does Not Cover

• The shell is opened.
• The connector is damaged.
• Scratches on the appearance after the product leaves the factory.
• Scratched or broken wires.
• Failure or damage caused by force majeure (e.g., fire, earthquake) or natural disaster (e.g., lightning strike).
• Out of warranty period.

9. Wire Connection Diagram

9.1 Standard Wire Connection Sequence

Figure 9-1 Wire Connection Diagram: Depicts the controller connector and display connectors (female and male terminals) with numbered pins.

Table 9-1 Standard connector wire sequence table:

Some models are equipped with waterproof connectors, and the color of the inside wires may not be visible.

10. Precautions

• Pay attention to general operating procedures when using the product. Do not plug or unplug the display while it is powered ON.
• Avoid bumping the display as much as possible.
• Do not change parameter settings arbitrarily, as this may affect normal riding performance.
• If the display malfunctions, send it to an authorized repair center as soon as possible.
• There may be differences between physical products and this manual due to normal upgrades. Refer to the physical products for the most accurate information.

Schedule 1: Error Code Definition

YL-02, YL91F Error codes:

YL-05, KDS, YL-J Error codes:

Schedule 2: Pedal Assist Level Default Ratio Value