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User Guide for QUECTEL models including: EC2x, EG2x, EG9x, EM05 Series, EC2x LTE Standard Module Software, EC2x, LTE Standard Module Software, Standard Module Software, Module Software, Software
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DocumentDocumentEC2x&EG2x&EG9x&EM05 Series Software Thermal Management Guide
LTE Standard Module Series Version: 2.0 Date: 2022-11-22 Status: Released
LTE Standard Module Series
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About the Document
Revision History
Version 1.0
Date 2020-06-30
Author
Max TANG/ Wayne WEI
2.0
2022-11-22 Colin CUI
Description
Initial
1. Changed the name of the document from Thermal Mitigation User Guide to Thermal Management Guide.
2. Added applicable module EG25-GL. 3. Added AT+QTEMP. 4. Adjusted document structure. 5. Deleted AT+QNVFW. 6. Added maximum response time and characteristics
of the AT commands.
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Contents
About the Document .................................................................................................................................. 3 Contents ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Table Index.................................................................................................................................................. 5
1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Applicable Modules .................................................................................................................... 6
2 AT Command Description.................................................................................................................. 7 2.1. AT Command Introduction ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1. Definitions........................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2. AT Command Syntax ...................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Declaration of AT Command Examples ..................................................................................... 8 2.3. AT+QTEMP Query Module Temperature ................................................................................ 8 2.4. AT+QCFG="thermal/modem" Set Thermal Mitigation Policy.................................................. 9 2.5. AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt" Control Transmit Power ....................................................... 10 2.6. AT+QCFG="thermal/limit_rates" Enable/Disable Thermal Mitigation ....................................11
3 Thermal Mitigation Policy ................................................................................................................ 13 3.1. Limit Data Rate ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.1.1. Limit Uplink Data Rate .................................................................................................. 13 3.1.2. Limit Downlink Data Rate.............................................................................................. 14 3.2. Limit PA Power ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.3. Enter Limited-Service Mode..................................................................................................... 16 3.4. Reboot the Module................................................................................................................... 16
4 Appendix Reference ......................................................................................................................... 17
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Table Index
Table 1: Applicable Modules......................................................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Types of AT Commands ................................................................................................................. 7 Table 3: Uplink Rate Reduction Levels ...................................................................................................... 13 Table 4: The PUCCH cycle of Downlink Rate Reduction .......................................................................... 14 Table 5: Terms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 17
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1 Introduction
This document describes the AT commands related to the software thermal mitigation policy on Quectel LTE Standard EC2x, EG9x, EG2x and EM05 family modules. When the temperature reaches a specific threshold, the thermal mitigation policy is implemented to cool down the module.
1.1. Applicable Modules
Table 1: Applicable Modules
Module Family EC2x EG9x EG2x EM05
Module EC25 series EC21 series EC20-CE EG95 series EG91 series EG25-G EG25-GL EG21-G EG21-GL EM05 series
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2 AT Command Description
2.1. AT Command Introduction
2.1.1. Definitions
<CR>
Carriage return character.
<LF>
Line feed character.
<...>
Parameter name. Angle brackets do not appear on the command line.
[...]
Optional parameter of a command or an optional part of TA information response.
Square brackets do not appear on the command line. When an optional parameter is
not given in a command, the new value equals its previous value or the default settings,
unless otherwise specified.
Underline Default setting of a parameter.
2.1.2. AT Command Syntax
All command lines must start with AT or at and end with <CR>. Information responses and result codes always start and end with a carriage return character and a line feed character: <CR><LF><response><CR><LF>. In tables presenting commands and responses throughout this document, only the commands and responses are presented, and <CR> and <LF> are deliberately omitted.
Table 2: Types of AT Command
Command Type
Syntax
Description
Test Command
AT+<cmd>=?
Read Command
AT+<cmd>?
Test the existence of the corresponding command and return information about the type, value, or range of its parameter.
Check the current parameter value of the corresponding command.
Write Command
AT+<cmd>=<p1>[,<p2>[,<p3>[...]]] Set user-definable parameter value.
Execution Command AT+<cmd>
Return a specific information parameter or perform a specific action.
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2.2. Declaration of AT Command Examples
The AT command examples in this document are provided to help you learn about the use of the AT commands introduced herein. The examples, however, should not be taken as Quectel's recommendations or suggestions about how to design a program flow or what status to set the module into. Sometimes multiple examples may be provided for one AT command. However, this does not mean that there is a correlation among these examples, or that they should be executed in a given sequence.
2.3. AT+QTEMP Query Module Temperature
This command queries module temperature.
AT+QTEMP Query Module Temperature
Test Command AT+QTEMP=? Execution Command AT+QTEMP
Response OK Response +QTEMP: <bb_temp>,<XO_temp>,<PA_temp>
Maximum Response Time Characteristics
OK Or ERROR 300 ms
/
Parameter
<bb_temp> Integer type. Baseband temperature. Unit: Degree Celsius. <XO_temp> Integer type. XO temperature. Unit: Degree Celsius. <PA_temp> Integer type. PA temperature. Unit: Degree Celsius.
Example
AT+QTEMP +QTEMP: 30,28,27
OK
//Query module temperature.
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2.4. AT+QCFG="thermal/modem" Set Thermal Mitigation Policy
This command sets the thermal mitigation policy. The configured policy will be triggered by the highest temperature value queried by AT+QTEMP.
AT+QCFG="thermal/modem" Set Thermal Mitigation Policy
Write Command AT+QCFG="thermal/modem"[, <level>,<trig>,<clr>]
Response If the optional parameters are omitted, query the current setting: +QCFG: "thermal/modem",1,<trig>,<clr> +QCFG: "thermal/modem",2,<trig>,<clr> +QCFG: "thermal/modem",3,<trig>,<clr>
OK
Maximum Response Time Characteristics
If the optional parameters are specified, set the thermal mitigation level: OK Or ERROR
300 ms
The command takes effect after the module is rebooted. The configurations will be saved automatically.
Parameter
<level> <trig>
<clr>
Integer type. Thermal mitigation level. Each level corresponds to a set of <trig> and <clr>. 1 Level 1 - uplink data rate is limited (See Chapter 3.1.1) 2 Level 2 - downlink data rate is limited based on level 1(See Chapter 3.1.2) 3 Level 3 - module enters Limited-Service Mode. In Limited-Service Mode, data calls
are not allowed. UE only allows emergency voice calls. (See Chapter 3.3) Integer type. Temperature threshold of triggering. When the module temperature reaches the <trig> threshold, thermal mitigation policy of the corresponding level (<level>) will be triggered. Unit: 0.001 ºC. If <level>=1, <trig> is the temperature threshold for reducing uplink data rate. Default value: 100000. If <level>=2, <trig> is the temperature threshold for reducing downlink data rate. Default value: 105000. If <level>=3, <trig> is the temperature threshold for entering Limited-Service Mode. Default value: 115000. Integer type. Terminating threshold. When the temperature is lower than the <clr> threshold, thermal mitigation policy of the corresponding level (<level>) will be cancelled. Unit: 0.001 ºC.
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If <level>=1, <clr> is the temperature threshold for cancelling uplink data rate reduction. Default value: 95000. If <level>=2, <clr> is the temperature threshold for cancelling downlink data rate reduction. Default value: 100000. If <level>=3, <clr> is the temperature threshold for exiting Limited-Service Mode. Default value: 105000.
Example
AT+QCFG="thermal/modem",1,100000,95000
OK AT+QCFG="thermal/modem" +QCFG: "thermal/modem",1,100000,95000 +QCFG: "thermal/modem",2,105000,100000 +QCFG: "thermal/modem",3,115000,105000 OK
//Cool down the device by limiting uplink data rate at Level 1. If the temperature reaches 100 ºC, the device starts limiting the uplink data rate; if the temperature drops below 95 ºC, it stops limiting uplink data rate and exits Level 1.
//Query thermal mitigation level.
2.5. AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt" Control Transmit Power
This command controls the thermal mitigation policy.
AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt" Control Transmit Power
Write Command AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt"[, <enable>,<sensor>,<temp_thre shold>,<duration>,<trig_cnt>,< clr_cnt>]
Response If the optional parameters are omitted, query the current setting: +QCFG: "thermal/txpwrlmt",<enable>,<sensor>,<temp_thresh old>,<duration>,<trig_cnt>,<clr_cnt>
OK
Maximum Response Time Characteristics
If the optional parameters are specified, control transmit power: OK Or ERROR
300 ms
The command takes effect after the module is rebooted. The configurations will be saved automatically.
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Parameter
<enable> <sensor>
<temp_threshold> <duration> <trig_cnt> <clr_cnt>
Integer type. Enable/disable transmit power control. 0 Disable 1 Enable Integer type. Temperature sensor ID. It corresponds to the temperature value detected by the sensor that is returned by AT+QTEMP. 2 Baseband temperature sensor (Default value. It is recommended not to
modify it.) 5 PA temperature sensor 7 XO temperature sensor Integer type. Temperature thresholds that restrict the transmit power. Range: -150150. Default value: 105. Unit: ºC. Integer type. Length of temperature detection cycle. Range: 1000360000. Default value: 1000 (It is recommended not to modify it.). Unit: ms. Integer type. Number of times transmit power detection thresholds have been triggered. Range: 110000. Default value: 3 (It is recommended not to modify it.). Integer type. Number of times power recovery detection thresholds have been triggered. Range: 110000. Default value: 10 (It is recommended not to modify it.).
Example
AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt",1,2,105,1000,3,10 OK AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt" +QCFG: "thermal/txpwrlmt",1,2,105,1000,3,10
OK
//Enable transmit power control. //Query the transmit power setting.
2.6. AT+QCFG="thermal/limit_rates" Enable/Disable Thermal Mitigation
This command enables/disables the thermal mitigation policy.
AT+QCFG="thermal/limit_rates" Enable/Disable Thermal Mitigation
Write Command
Response
AT+QCFG="thermal/limit_rates If the optional parameter is omitted, query the current setting:
"[,<enable>]
+QCFG: "thermal/limit_rates",<enable>
OK
If the optional parameter is specified, enable or disable thermal
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Maximum Response Time Characteristics
mitigation: OK Or ERROR
300 ms
The command takes effect after the module is rebooted. The configurations will be saved automatically.
Parameter
<enable>
Integer type. Enable/disable thermal mitigation policy. 0 Disable 1 Auto-configure temperature thresholds. Auto-configure the software thermal mitigation
policy based on the default values of AT+QCFG="thermal/modem" and AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt"
Example
AT+QCFG="thermal/limit_rates" +QCFG: "thermal/limit_rates",0
OK AT+QCFG="thermal/limit_rates",1 OK
//Query thermal mitigation policy state. //Enable thermal mitigation policy.
NOTE
To ensure module reliability and stability, it is recommended not to disable software thermal management during normal operation of the module.
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3 Thermal Mitigation Policy
3.1. Limit Data Rate
The workload of components such as CPU and PA can be reduced by limiting data rate. However, the thermal mitigation is not effective in case of no data or low data rate.
If AT+QCFG="thermal/modem",1,<trig>,<clr> is executed, the module limits the uplink data rate to lowering temperature; and if AT+QCFG="thermal/modem",2,<trig>,<clr> is executed, the module limits the downlink data rate once a certain temperature threshold is exceeded.
3.1.1. Limit Uplink Data Rate
When the temperature reaches Level 1, it will set the maximum transmit rate to 40 Mbit/s (target_rate[1]). The detection cycle of the temperature sensor is 3 seconds by default. If the temperature is still at Level 1 (or the temperature rises, the module reaches Level 2) after 3 seconds, the transmit rate will drop to 20 Mbit/s (target_rate[2]). The temperature is detected every 3 seconds. If the temperature is still higher than the terminating threshold, the transmit rate level will increase until the transmit rate drops to 4 Mbit/s (target_rate[9]). After the temperature of the module drops below the terminating threshold, the transmit rate will return to 50 Mbit/s (target_rate[0]) step by step.
Table 3: Uplink Rate Threshold Levels
Parameter Category
Parameter ID
Number of uplink rate threshold levels num_states
Initial uplink rate threshold level for entering Level 1
default_state
target_rate[0]
Uplink rate threshold levels
target_rate[1] target_rate[2]
target_rate[3]
Value (In Decimal) 10 target_rate[1] 50 Mbit/s 40 Mbit/s 20 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s
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target_rate[4] target_rate[5] target_rate[6] target_rate[7] target_rate[8] target_rate[9]
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8 Mbit/s 7 Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s 4 Mbit/s 4 Mbit/s
NOTE
1. The uplink rate threshold levels in the above table are the default values automatically configured by the module to enable the software thermal management policy. In the test procedure, they are different for different modules, and are affected by the module's own state, heat dissipation, and surrounding environment.
2. When performing the test on CMW500, the software thermal management policy can be triggered only if a non-00101 blank SIM card is used.
3.1.2. Limit Downlink Data Rate
PUCCH is an uplink physical channel that carries UCI (Uplink Control Information). The PUCCH cycle is 200 ms (Time On + Off). ACK/NACK is sent in PUCCH when the cycle is on and ACK/NACK is not sent in PUCCH when the cycle is off. Once the module enters Level 2, State 3 (On: 100 ms; Off: 100 ms) is the default downlink rate reduction cycle. If the temperature is at Level 2 for 10 seconds, the reduction cycle will be limited to State 2 (On: 80 ms; Off: 120 ms); The temperature is detected every 10 seconds. If the temperature is still higher than the terminating threshold, the state level will gradually decrease until it falls to State 0 (On: 30 ms; Off: 170 ms). After the temperature of the module drops below the terminating threshold, the state level will recover step by step until the downlink rate returns to normal. See the table below for details.
Table 4: PUCCH cycle of Downlink Rate Reduction
Parameter PUCCH cycle Number of classes Default state for thermal mitigation
Value 200 ms 6 3
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Default state for CPU-based flow control
3
State 0 (timer [0])
On: 30 ms; Off: 170 ms
State 1 (timer [1])
On: 60 ms; Off: 140 ms
State 2 (timer [2])
On: 80 ms; Off: 120 ms
State 3 (timer [3])
On: 100 ms; Off: 100 ms
State 4 (timer [4])
On: 120 ms; Off: 80 ms
State 5 (timer [5])
On: 140 ms; Off: 60 ms
Step timer for each state
10000 ms
Default state for each CPU-based flow control 400
NOTE
1. The module cannot directly control the downlink rate but tries to force the network to limit the downlink rate by not returning the network ACK at the wireless protocol stack level. This requires the support of the protocol between the module and the network, but the rate threshold is uncontrollable.
2. When the module enters Level 2, the thermal mitigation policy of both Level 2 and Level 1 takes effect at the same time, i.e., the module limits the uplink and downlink data rate simultaneously.
3.2. Limit PA Power
Restricting the PA power is a good way to lighten PA workload. However, the transmit power in field test is configured by the network. If the network signal is relatively good, the transmit power is generally not high, and thus the thermal mitigation is not effective by limiting the transmit power.
When the transmit power is restricted and lower than that of the configured network, the network may not be able to receive the signal sent by the module or decode the signals, resulting in a decrease in the data transmission performance.
The transmit power affects the power consumption and heat of the PA, and theoretically module temperature can be reduced by limiting the transmit power. The transmit power is divided into eight levels Level 0Level 7, which respectively correspond to different maximum transmit power levels 2215 dBm.
For example, if transmit power control is enabled with AT+QCFG="thermal/txpwrlmt",1,2,105,1000,3,10, the module will detect the current temperature every second (1000 milliseconds), and transmit power detection thresholds can be triggered 3 times, by default. If the temperature is higher than 105 ºC for 3
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seconds, the highest transmit power of the module will be reduced by 1 dBm, until the lowest transmit power drops to 15 dBm. If the current module temperature is below 105 ºC for 10 consecutive detection cycles (10 seconds), the maximum transmit power will be increased by 1 dBm until it reaches 22 dBm.
3.3. Enter Limited-Service Mode
If the module cannot be cooled down by limiting the uplink data rate and restricting PA power, the module will stop all services to protect the hardware from damage due to overheating. According to the temperature threshold set with AT+QCFG="thermal/modem",3,<trig>,<clr>, the module enters Limited-Service Mode to lower the temperature. For example, if the thermal mitigation levels are set by AT+QCFG="thermal/modem",3,115000,105000, when the module temperature reaches 115 ºC, the module enters Level 3 and allows only emergency voice calls.
NOTE After executing Level 3 thermal mitigation, the module can restore all functionalities only after its temperature drops below the temperature threshold for exiting Level 1 thermal mitigation.
3.4. Reboot the Module
When the temperature of the module reaches about 120 ºC, it will automatically reboot to protect the hardware. Please note that you can manually configure neither the policy nor the temperature threshold.
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4 Appendix Reference
Table 5: Terms and Abbreviations
Abbreviation ACK CPU LTE NACK PA PUCCH SIM TA XO
Description Acknowledgement Central Processing Unit Long-Term Evolution Negative Acknowledgement Power Amplifier Physical Uplink Control Channel Subscriber Identity Module Terminal Adapter Crystal Oscillators
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