Dayton Portable Oil-Fired Heaters

Introduction

Please read and save these instructions. Read carefully before attempting to assemble, install, operate or maintain the product described. Protect yourself and others by observing all safety information. Failure to comply with instructions could result in personal injury and/or property damage! Retain instructions for future reference.

Description

Dayton Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D, 3VE50E, 3VE51E and 3VE52E heaters are 45,000 to 210,000 BTU/Hr heaters. These heaters use 1-K Kerosene (see Operation section for alternative fuels) for combustion, and electricity to run the fan. It is primarily intended for temporary heating of well-ventilated buildings under construction, alteration, or repair. This heater may be used in agricultural, industrial, and commercial environments.

Specifications

Electrical Specifications

General Specifications

Dimensions

Models 3VE48D and 3VE49D: Approximately 32" L x 11 3/4" W x 16 3/4" H.

Models 3VE50E, 3VE51E, 3VE52E:

• 3VE50E: H 24 6/10", L 36 1/10", W 21 1/2"
• 3VE51E: H 26 1/10", L 41 8/10", W 23 1/32"
• 3VE52E: H 26 1/10", L 41 8/10", W 23 1/32"

Product Features

The heater features:

• Fan Guard
• Hot Air Outlet
• Upper Shell
• Handle
• Pressure Gauge
• Cord Wrap
• Fuel Gauge
• Fuel Cap
• Power Cord
• Lower Shell
• Fuel Tank
• Side Cover
• Lamp
• Thermostat Knob (on some models)
• Power/Reset Switch
• Room Temp. Display (on some models)

General Safety Information

DANGER: Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, WILL result in death or serious injury.

WARNING: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, COULD result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, MAY result in minor or moderate injury.

Important Safety Instructions

WARNING: Before using this heater, please read this USER'S MANUAL very carefully. This USER'S MANUAL has been designed to instruct you as to the proper manner in which to assemble, maintain, store, and most importantly, how to operate the heater in a safe and efficient manner.

WARNING: Never leave the heater unattended while burning!

DANGER: Improper use of this heater can result in serious injury or death from burns, fire, explosion, electrical shock, and/or carbon monoxide poisoning.

For optimal performance, 1-K kerosene is strongly suggested. 1-K kerosene is refined to virtually eliminate contaminants like sulfur, which can cause a rotten egg odor.

Fuel Usage and Storage

• #1 or #2 fuel oil (diesel fuel) may be used if 1-K kerosene is unavailable, but requires more fresh air ventilation and may need more periodic maintenance.
• NEVER use fuels such as gasoline, benzene, paint thinners, or other oil compounds (RISK OF FIRE OR EXPLOSION).
• NEVER use in areas where flammable vapors may be present.
• NEVER refill the fuel tank while the heater is operating or still hot.
• The heater is EXTREMELY HOT while in operation.
• Keep all combustible materials away from the heater.
• NEVER store kerosene in the living space; store in a well-ventilated area outside the living area.
• NEVER store kerosene in direct sunlight or near a source of heat.
• NEVER use kerosene stored from a previous season, as it deteriorates over time.
• Kerosene should be stored in a blue container marked "kerosene". Never use a red container (associated with gasoline).

Ventilation Requirements

CAUTION: Risk of indoor air pollution. Use heater only in well-ventilated areas!

Provide at least a three square foot (2,800 sq. cm) opening of outside air for every 100,000 BTU/hr of heater rating. Provide extra fresh air if more heaters are being used.

Example for a 3VE52E heater:

• A two-car garage door raised six inches (15.24 cm).
• A single-car garage door raised nine inches (22.86 cm).
• Two, thirty inch (76.20 cm) windows raised fifteen inches (38.1 cm).

People with breathing problems should consult a physician before use.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Early signs resemble flu-like symptoms (headaches, dizziness, nausea). If experienced, have the heater serviced. Certain individuals (pregnant women, those with heart/lung problems, anemia, under the influence of alcohol, or at high altitudes) are more affected.

Never use this heater in living or sleeping areas.

Minimum Clearances

• Outlet: 8 feet (250 cm)
• Sides, Top and Rear: 4 feet (125 cm)

NEVER block air inlet (rear) or air outlet (front) of heater.

NEVER use duct work in front or at rear of heater.

NEVER move or handle heater while still hot.

NEVER transport heater with fuel in its tank.

If equipped with a thermostat, the heater may start at any time.

ALWAYS locate heater on a stable and level surface.

ALWAYS keep children and animals away from heater.

Electrical Safety

WARNING: Risk of Electric Shock!

• Use only the electrical power (voltage and frequency) specified on the model plate.
• Use only a three-prong, grounded outlet and extension cord.
• ALWAYS install the heater so that it is not directly exposed to water spray, rain, dripping water, or wind.
• ALWAYS unplug the heater when not in use.

State-Specific Regulations

CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS: This heater produces carbon monoxide, which is listed by the State of California as a reproductive toxin under Proposition 65.

MASSACHUSETTS RESIDENTS: Massachusetts state law prohibits the use of this heater in any building which is used in whole or in part for human habitation. Use requires a local fire department permit (M.E.L.C. 148, Section 10A).

CANADIAN RESIDENTS: Use must be in accordance with authorities having jurisdiction and CSA Standard B139.

NEW YORK CITY RESIDENTS: For use only at construction sites in accordance with applicable NYC codes under NYCFD certificate of approval #5034 and 5037.

Assembly

Consult the following tables and diagrams for component identification and assembly steps.

Component Identification

Models 3VE48D/3VE49D:

• Handle
• Hardware Kit Part No: HW-KFA1001
• Cord Wraps

Models 3VE50E/3VE51E/3VE52E:

• Wheels (10" Flat Free)
• Cord Wraps
• Screws
• Flange Screws
• Nuts
• Cap Nuts S
• Bushings
• Cap Nuts L
• Hardware Kit: HW-KFA1016
• Front Handle
• Wheel Support Frame
• Rear Handle
• Threaded Axle

Assembly Steps

FOR MODELS 3VE48D AND 3VE49D ONLY:

1. Lift front guard for arrow direction and ensure guard's wedged portion fits into the slit hole on the upper housing.
2. Align holes in upper housing with two mounting holes on the handle.
3. Secure handle with screws provided.
4. Insert cord wrap into rectangle holes on the supporter and align the hole on the cord wrap with the mounting hole on the side cover.
5. Secure cord wrap with screws provided.

FOR MODELS 3VE50E, 3VE51E AND 3VE52E ONLY:

1. Slide threaded axle through the rear section of the wheel support frame.
2. Slide one axle bushing onto each side of the axle. Slide one wheel onto each side of the axle. Attach one cap nut onto each side of the threaded axle and tighten securely.
3. Place heater on wheel support frame. Align holes on fuel tank flange with holes on wheel support frame.
4. Position the Handles on top of the fuel tank flange. Insert screws through handles, fuel tank flange, and wheel support frames. Attach nuts finger-tight after each screw insertion.
5. Align holes on the handles with the mounting hole on the Cord Wrap. Insert screws through Cord Wrap, handles, and attach nuts finger-tight after each screw insertion.
6. After all screws are inserted, tighten nuts firmly.

CAUTION: Do not operate heater without the support frame fully assembled to the tank.

Operation

Fuel System

This heater uses an electric air pump that forces air through the air line connected to the fuel intake, and then through a nozzle in the burner head. When air passes in front of the fuel intake, it causes fuel to rise from the tank and into the burner nozzle. This fuel and air mixture is then sprayed into the combustion chamber in a fine mist.

SureFire Ignition

The electronic ignitor sends voltage to a specially designed spark plug, which ignites the fuel and air mixture.

Air System

A heavy-duty motor turns a fan that forces air into and around the combustion chamber. Here, the air is heated and then forced out the front of the heater.

Safety Systems

• Temperature Limit Control: This heater is equipped with a Temperature Limit Control designed to turn the heater off if the internal temperature rises to an unsafe level. If this device activates, the heater may require service. Once the temperature falls below the reset temperature, the heater can be restarted.
• Electrical System Protection: The electrical system is protected by a fuse mounted to the PCB Assembly. If the heater fails to operate, check this fuse first.
• Flame-Out Sensor: Utilizes a photocell to monitor the flame in the burn chamber during normal operation. It will cause the heater to shut off if the burner flame extinguishes.

Fueling Your Heater

• Never fill the heater fuel tank in the living space; fill the tank outdoors.
• Do not overfill the heater and ensure it is level.
• WARNING: Never refill fuel tank when heater is operating or still hot.

IMPORTANT: For the first ignition, light the heater OUTDOORS to burn off manufacturing oils.

Starting the Heater

1. Fill fuel tank with kerosene or No. 1 fuel oil.
2. Attach fuel cap.
3. Plug power cord into a three-prong, grounded extension cord (at least six feet long).
4. For 3VE48D model: Push power switch to "ON". The power lamp will light, and the heater will start.
5. For 3VE49D, 3VE50E, 3VE51E, and 3VE52E models: Turn thermostat control knob to the desired setting and push power switch to "ON". The power lamp will light, and the heater will start.

NOTE on Room Temperature Display:

• Less than 0°F: Displays "lo".
• Between 0°F and 99°F: Displays the temperature.
• Greater than 99°F: Displays "Hi".

If the heater does not start, the thermostat setting may be too low. Turn the thermostat control knob to a higher position. If it still does not start, turn the power switch OFF, then ON. If it still does not start, refer to the Troubleshooting section.

NOTE: The heater's electrical components are protected by a safety fuse. Check this fuse if the heater fails to start.

Shutting Down the Heater

Turn the switch to "OFF" and unplug the power cord.

Restarting the Heater

1. Wait 10 seconds after stopping the heater.
2. Repeat the steps under "Starting the Heater".

Extra Electric Outlet

This heater may feature an extra electric outlet. WARNING: Shock Hazard! Always cover the electric outlet when not in use. Do not plug in an appliance drawing more than 5A into this outlet.

Long-Term Storage

Fuel Tank Drain:

1. Drain fuel tank through the fuel cap opening.
2. For Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D: Remove fuel drain bolt from the rear bottom side of the fuel tank using a 3/4" socket or adjustable wrench and drain.
3. For Models 3VE50E, 3VE51E, 3VE52E: Swirl a small amount of kerosene inside the tank and rinse. Pour out the kerosene.
4. Reinstall fuel cap. Dispose of old fuel properly.
5. For Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D: Reinstall fuel drain bolt and tighten firmly.

IMPORTANT: Do not store kerosene over summer for use the following season, as old fuel can damage the heater.

Store the heater in a dry, well-ventilated area, free of dust and corrosive fumes. Store in the original box with original packing material and keep the USER'S MANUAL with the heater.

Maintenance

WARNING: Never service heater while it is plugged in or while hot!

Use only original equipment replacement parts. Using third-party or alternate components may void the warranty and cause unsafe operating conditions.

Fuel Tank

Flush every 200 hours of operation or as needed (See Long-term Storage).

Air Intake Filter

WASH AND DRY WITH SOAP AND WATER EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION, OR AS NEEDED.

1. Remove screws along each side of the heater using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
2. Lift off the upper shell.
3. Remove the fan guard.
4. Wash or replace the air intake filter.
5. Reinstall the fan guard and upper shell.

Air Output Filter, Lint Filter

REPLACE EVERY 500 HOURS OF OPERATION OR ONCE A YEAR.

1. Remove the upper shell and fan guard (See Air Intake Filter instructions).
2. Turn the air pressure gauge counter-clockwise and remove it.
3. Remove end filter cover screws using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
4. Remove the end filter cover.
5. Replace the air output and lint filter.
6. Reinstall the end filter cover and air pressure gauge.
7. Reinstall the fan guard and upper shell.

Fan Blades

CLEAN EVERY SEASON OR AS NEEDED.

1. Remove the upper shell (See Air Intake Filter instructions).
2. Use an M6 Allen wrench to loosen the set screw holding the fan blade to the motor shaft.
3. Slip the fan blade off the motor shaft.
4. Clean the fan blade using a soft cloth moistened with kerosene or solvent. Dry thoroughly.
5. Reinstall the fan blade onto the motor shaft, ensuring the fan blade hub is flush with the end of the motor shaft.
6. Place the set screw on the flat of the shaft and tighten firmly (40-50 inch-pounds/4.5-5.6 N-m).
7. Reinstall the upper shell.

Nozzle

CLEAN NOZZLE AS NEEDED:

For Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D, 3VE50E and 3VE51E:

1. Remove upper shell (See Air Intake Filter).
2. Remove fan blade (See Fan Blades).
3. Remove fuel and air line hoses from the nozzle adaptor.
4. Remove the ignitor wire from the spark plug.
5. Remove the spark plug from the nozzle adaptor using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
6. Turn the nozzle adaptor 1/9 turn (40°) counter-clockwise and pull toward the motor to remove.
7. Place the plastic hex-body into a vise and lightly tighten.
8. Carefully remove the nozzle from the nozzle adaptor using a 5/8" socket wrench.
9. Blow compressed air through the face of the nozzle to remove any dirt.
10. Reinstall the nozzle into the nozzle adaptor until it seats.
11. Tighten 1/3 turn more using a 5/8" socket wrench (40-45 inch-pounds).
12. Reinstall the nozzle adaptor to the burner head.
13. Reinstall the spark plug to the nozzle adaptor.
14. Attach the ignitor wire to the spark plug.
15. Attach the fuel and air line hoses to the nozzle adaptor.
16. Reinstall the fan blade and upper shell.

For Model 3VE52E:

1. Remove upper shell (See Air Intake Filter).
2. Remove fan blade (See Fan Blades).
3. Remove fuel and air line hoses from the nozzle adaptor.
4. Remove the ignitor wire from the spark plug.
5. Remove the spark plug from the nozzle adaptor using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
6. Turn the nozzle adaptor 1/8 turn (45°) counter-clockwise and pull toward the motor to remove.
7. Place the plastic hex-body into a vise and lightly tighten.
8. Carefully remove the nozzle from the nozzle adaptor using a 5/8" socket wrench.
9. Blow compressed air through the face of the nozzle to remove any dirt.
10. Reinstall the nozzle into the nozzle adaptor until it seats.
11. Tighten 1/3 turn more using a 5/8" socket wrench (40-45 inch-pounds).
12. Reinstall the nozzle adaptor to the burner bracket.
13. Reinstall the spark plug to the nozzle adaptor.
14. Attach the ignitor wire to the spark plug.
15. Attach the fuel and air line hoses to the nozzle adaptor.
16. Reinstall the fan blade and upper shell.

Spark Plug

CLEAN AND REGAP EVERY 600 HOURS OF OPERATION OR REPLACE AS NEEDED.

For Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D, 3VE50E and 3VE51E:

1. Remove upper shell (See Air Intake Filter).
2. Remove fan (See Fan Blades).
3. Remove ignitor wire from spark plug.
4. Remove spark plug from nozzle adaptor using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
5. Clean and regap spark plug electrodes to 3.5mm gap (0.138").
6. Reinstall spark plug to nozzle adaptor.
7. Attach ignitor wire to spark plug.
8. Reinstall fan and upper shell.

Photocell

CLEAN PHOTOCELL ANNUALLY OR AS NEEDED.

For Model 3VE48D:

1. Remove upper shell (See Air Intake Filter).
2. Remove fan (See Fan Blades).
3. Remove photocell from its mounting bracket.
4. Clean photocell lens with a cotton swab.

TO REPLACE: Remove side cover near power switch. Disconnect wires from circuit board and remove photocell. Install new photocell and attach wires to circuit board. Reinstall fan and upper shell.

For Models 3VE49D, 3VE50E, 3VE51E and 3VE52E:

1. Remove upper shell (See Air Intake Filter).
2. Remove fan (See Fan Blades).
3. Remove photocell from its mounting bracket.
4. Clean photocell lens with a cotton swab.

TO REPLACE: Remove side cover near power switch. Disconnect wires from power switch and remove side cover. Disconnect wires from circuit board and remove photocell. Install new photocell and attach wires to circuit board. Replace switch wires to power switch and side cover. Replace fan and upper shell.

Fuel Filter

CLEAN OR REPLACE TWICE PER HEATING SEASON OR AS NEEDED.

For Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D:

1. Remove side cover screws using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
2. Disconnect switch wires from power switch (3VE49D only).
3. Remove side cover.
4. Pull fuel line off fuel filter neck.
5. Turn fuel filter counter-clockwise 90 degrees, pull, and remove.
6. Wash fuel filter with clean fuel and replace in tank.
7. Attach fuel line to fuel filter neck.
8. Reinstall side cover.

For Models 3VE50E, 3VE51E, 3VE52E:

1. Remove side cover screws using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
2. Disconnect switch wires from power switch and remove side cover.
3. Pull fuel line off fuel filter neck.
4. Turn fuel filter clockwise 90 degrees and pull to remove.
5. Wash fuel filter with clean fuel and replace in tank.
6. Attach fuel line to fuel filter neck.
7. Reinstall side cover.

Pump Pressure Adjustment

1. Start heater (See "Operation", page 7).
2. Allow motor to reach full speed.
3. Adjust pressure using a flat blade screwdriver on the relief valve.
4. Turn relief valve clockwise to increase pressure.
5. Turn relief valve counter-clockwise to decrease pressure.
6. Set pump pressure to the correct pressure for each model:
• 3VE48D: 2.8 PSI
• 3VE49D: 3.8 PSI
• 3VE50E: 5.5 PSI
• 3VE51E: 6.5 PSI
• 3VE52E: 8.5 PSI
7. Stop heater (see "Operation", page 7).

Maintenance (Continued)

Replacing Fuse

NOTE: The heater is fuse protected. If your heater fails to ignite, DO NOT RETURN YOUR HEATER TO THE STORE. Please follow these instructions to inspect and change the fuse.

WARNING: SHOCK HAZARD. To prevent personal injury, unplug the power cord before replacing fuse.

1. Unplug heater.
2. Remove side cover screws using a medium Phillips screwdriver.
3. Disconnect switch wires from power switch (3VE49D, 3VE50E, 3VE51E and 3VE52E Models Only).
4. Remove fuse from fuse holder.
5. Replace fuse with an enclosed fuse of the specified rating (AC 125/8A).
6. WARNING: FIRE HAZARD. Do not substitute with a higher or lower current rating.
7. Replace switch wires to power switch (3VE49D, 3VE50E, 3VE51E and 3VE52E Models Only).
8. Replace side cover.

Wiring Diagrams

Refer to the following diagrams for wiring information:

• Figure 26: Wiring Diagram Model 3VE48D
• Figure 27: Wiring Diagram Model 3VE49D
• Figure 28: Wiring Diagram Models 3VE50E, 3VE51E and 3VE52E

Repair Parts

Refer to the following illustrations and lists for replacement parts.

Repair Parts Illustration

Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D, 3VE50E and 3VE51E: (See Figure 29)

Model 3VE52E: (See Figure 30)

Repair Parts List

For Models 3VE48D, 3VE49D:

For Models 3VE50E, 3VE51E, 3VE52E:

Full Parts Lists: Detailed parts lists and illustrations are provided for each model series (3VE48D/3VE49D/3VE50E/3VE51E and 3VE52E) in the original document, covering hundreds of components with part numbers and quantities.

Troubleshooting

Refer to the following chart for common issues and their solutions:

Warranty Information

LIMITED WARRANTY:

DAYTON ONE-YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY. Dayton Portable Oil-Fired Heaters, models covered in this manual, are warranted by Dayton Electric Mfg. Co. (Dayton) to the original user against defects in workmanship or materials under normal use for one year after date of purchase. Any part determined to be defective and returned to an authorized service location, shipping costs prepaid, will be, at Dayton's option, repaired or replaced. For warranty claim procedures, see "Prompt Disposition". This limited warranty gives purchasers specific legal rights which vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: Dayton's liability for consequential and incidental damages is expressly disclaimed and is limited to the purchase price paid.

WARRANTY DISCLAIMER: Information and illustrations are for identification purposes only and do not imply a warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

Technical Advice and Recommendations Disclaimer: Dayton does not provide technical advice or system design and assumes no liability for unauthorized recommendations.

Product Suitability: Users are responsible for ensuring compliance with all applicable national and local codes and regulations for product installation and use.

Prompt Disposition: For warranty claims, contact the dealer first. If unresolved, write to Dayton with details of the defect and purchase.

Manufactured for Dayton Electric Mfg. Co., 5959 W. Howard St., Niles, Illinois 60714-4014 U.S.A.