Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

Table of Contents

• Preface

• Chapter 1 • The Raspberry Pi 5

  • 1.1 Overview

  • 1.2 The Raspberry Pi 5

• Chapter 2 • Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

  • 2.1 Overview

  • 2.2 Using a pre-installed SD card

  • 2.3 Larger font in Console mode

  • 2.4 Accessing your Raspberry Pi 5 Console from your PC – the Putty program

    • 2.4.1 Configuring Putty

  • 2.5 Accessing the Desktop GUI from your PC

  • 2.6 Assigning a static IP address to your Raspberry Pi 5

  • 2.7 Enabling Bluetooth

  • 2.8 Connecting the Raspberry Pi 5 to a wired network

    • 2.8.1 Unable to connect to a wired network

  • 2.9 Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Bookworm operating system on a blank microSD card

• Chapter 3 • Using The Console Commands

  • 3.1 Overview

  • 3.2 The Command Prompt

  • 3.3 Useful Console commands

    • 3.3.1 System and user information

    • 3.3.2 The Raspberry Pi 5 directory structure

    • 3.3.3 Resource monitoring on the Raspberry Pi 5

    • 3.3.4 Shutting Down

    • 3.3.5 Networking

    • 3.3.6 System information and other useful commands

• Chapter 4 • Desktop GUI – Desktop Applications

  • 4.1 Overview

  • 4.2 Desktop GUI Applications

    • 4.2.1 Applications Menu

    • 4.2.2 Web browser

    • 4.2.3 File manager

    • 4.2.4 Terminal

    • 4.2.5 Manage Bluetooth devices

    • 4.2.6 Wi-Fi

    • 4.2.7 Volume control

    • 4.2.8 Date and time

• Chapter 5 • Using a Text Editor in Console Mode

  • 5.1 nano text editor

  • 5.2 vi text editor

• Chapter 6 • Creating and Running a Python Program

  • 6.1 Overview

  • 6.2 Method 1 – Interactively from command prompt in console mode

  • 6.3 Method 2 – Create a Python file in console mode

  • 6.4 Method 3 – Create a Python file in Desktop GUI mode

  • 6.5 Which method?

• Chapter 7 • Python Programming and Simple Programs

  • 7.1 Overview

  • 7.2 Variable names

  • 7.3 Reserved words

  • 7.4 Comments

  • 7.5 Line continuation

  • 7.6 Blank lines

  • 7.7 More than one statement on a line

  • 7.8 Indentation

  • 7.9 Python data types

  • 7.10 Numbers

  • 7.11 Strings

    • 7.11.1 String functions

    • 7.11.2 Escape sequences

  • 7.12 Print statement

  • 7.13 List variables

  • 7.13.1 List functions

  • 7.14 Tuple variables

  • 7.15 Dictionary variables

    • 7.15.1 Dictionary functions

  • 7.16 Keyboard input

  • 7.17 Comparison operators

  • 7.18 Logical operators

  • 7.19 Assignment operators

  • 7.20 Control of flow

    • 7.20.1 if, if...else, and elif

    • 7.20.2 for statement

    • 7.20.3 while statement

    • 7.20.4 continue statement

    • 7.20.5 break statement

    • 7.20.6 pass statement

  • 7.21 Example 1 – 4-Band resistor colour code identifier

  • 7.22 Example 2 – Series or parallel resistors

  • 7.23 Example 3 – Resistive potential divider

  • 7.24 Trigonometric functions

  • 7.25 User-defined functions

  • 7.26 Examples

  • 7.27 Recursive functions

  • 7.28 Exceptions

  • 7.29 try/final exceptions

  • 7.31 Creating your own modules

• Chapter 8 • Raspberry Pi 5 LED Projects

  • 8.1 Overview

  • 8.2 Raspberry Pi 5 GPIO pin definitions

  • 8.3 Project 1 – Flashing an LED

  • 8.4 Project 2 – Alternately flashing LEDs

  • 8.5 Project 3 – Binary counting with 8 LEDs

  • 8.6 Project 4 – Christmas lights (random flashing 8 LEDs)

  • 8.7 Project 5 – Chasing LEDs

  • 8.8 Project 6 – Rotating LEDs with push-button switch

  • 8.9 Project 7 – Morse Code exerciser with LED or buzzer

  • 8.10 Project 8 – Electronic dice

• Chapter 9 • Using an I²C LCD

  • 9.1 Overview

  • 9.2 The I2C Bus

  • 9.3 I2C pins of Raspberry Pi 5

  • 9.4 Project 1 – Using an I2C LCD – Seconds counter

  • 9.5 Project 2 – Using an I2C LCD – Display time

  • 9.6 Project 3 – Using an I2C LCD – Display IP address of Raspberry Pi 5

  • 9.7 Project 4 – Voltmeter – Output to the screen

  • 9.8 Project 5 – Voltmeter – Output to LCD

  • 9.9 Project 6 – Analog temperature sensor thermometer – output to the screen

  • 9.10 Project 7 – Analog temperature sensor thermometer – output on LCD

  • 9.11 Project 8 – Reaction timer – output to screen

  • 9.12 Project 9 – Reaction timer – output to LCD

  • 9.13 Project 10 – Automatic dusk lights

  • 9.14 Project 11 – Ultrasonic distance measurement

  • 9.15 Project 12 – Car parking sensors

  • 9.16 Project 13 – Fading LED

  • 9.17 Project 14 – Melody maker

• Chapter 10 • Plotting Graphs with Python and Raspberry Pi 5

  • 10.1 Overview

  • 10.2 The Matplotlib graph plotting library

  • 10.3 Project 1 – RC transient circuit analysis - Charging

  • 10.4 Project 2 – RC transient circuit analysis - Discharging

  • 10.5 Transient RL circuits

  • 10.6 Project 3 – RCL transient circuit analysis

  • 10.7 Project 4 – Temperature, pressure and humidity measurement – Display on the screen

  • 10.8 Project 5 – Temperature, pressure and humidity measurement – Plotting the data

• Chapter 11 • Waveform Generation Using the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

  • 11.1 Overview

  • 11.2 The MCP4921 DAC

  • 11.3 Project 1 – Generating a square wave signal with any peak voltage up to +3.3 V

  • 11.4 Project 2 – Generating a sawtooth wave signal

  • 11.5 Project 3 – Generating a triangle wave signal

  • 11.6 Project 4 – Generating an arbitrary wave signal

  • 11.7 Project 5 – Generating a sine wave signal

• Chapter 12 • Using the Sense HAT

  • 12.1 Overview

  • 12.2 The Sense HAT interface

  • 12.3 Programming the Sense HAT

  • 12.4 Project 1 – Displaying text on Sense HAT

  • 12.5 Project 2 – Test your math skills - multiplication

  • 12.6 Project 3 – Learning the times tables

  • 12.7 Project 4 – Display the temperature, humidity, and pressure

  • 12.8 Project 5 – ON-OFF temperature controller

  • 12.9 Project 6 – Generate two dice numbers

  • 12.10 Project 7 – Display the current time

  • 12.11 Project 8 – Displaying two-digit integer numbers

  • 12.12 Project 9 – Up counter

  • 12.13 The inertial measurement sensor

    • 12.13.1 Project 10 – Reading the acceleration

    • 12.13.2 Project 11 – Accelerometer-based dice

    • 12.13.3 Project 12 – Accelerometer-based LED shapes

• Chapter 13 • Using a 4×4 Keypad

  • 13.1 Overview

  • 13.2 Project 1 – Using a 4×4 keypad

• Chapter 14 • Communication over Wi-Fi

  • 14.1 Overview

  • 14.2 UDP and TCP

    • 14.2.1 UDP communication

    • 14.2.2 TCP communication

  • 14.3 Project 1 – Sending a text message to a smartphone using TCP/IP

  • 14.4 Project 2 – Two-way communication with the smartphone using TCP/IP

  • 14.5 Project 3 – Communicating with a PC using TCP/IP

  • 14.6 Project 4 – Controlling an LED connected to Raspberry Pi 5 from a smartphone using TCP/IP

  • 14.7 Project 5 – Sending a text message to a smartphone using UDP

  • 14.8 Project 6 – Controlling an LED connected to Raspberry Pi 5 from a smartphone using UDP

  • 14.9 Communicating with the Raspberry Pi Pico W over Wi-Fi

    • 14.9.1 Project 7 – Raspberry Pi 5 and Raspberry Pi Pico W communication – controlling a relay over Wi-Fi

  • 14.10 Project 8 – Storing ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure data in the Cloud

• Chapter 15 • Communication over Bluetooth

  • 15.1 Overview

  • 15.2 Project 1 – Exchanging text with a smartphone

  • 15.3 Project 2 – Bluetooth control of LED from a smartphone

  • 15.4 Arduino UNO Raspberry Pi 5 Bluetooth communication

    • 15.4.1 Project 3 – Communicating with an Arduino UNO over Bluetooth

    • 15.4.2 Project 4 – Play audio (e.g. music) on Bluetooth speaker via Raspberry Pi 5

• Chapter 16 • Raspberry Pi 5 Camera Projects

  • 16.1 Overview

  • 16.2 Installing the Camera

  • 16.3 Project 1 – Still camera commands

    • 16.3.1 libcamera

  • 16.4 Project 2 – Building a time-lapse camera – Who is in my parking place?

  • 16.5 Project 3 – Video camera commands

  • 16.6 Project 4 – Who is ringing my doorbell?

• Index

About the Publication

This is an Elektor Publication. Elektor is the media brand of Elektor International Media B.V.

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Declaration

The author, editor, and publisher have used their best efforts in ensuring the correctness of the information contained in this book. They do not assume, and hereby disclaim, any liability to any party for any loss or damage caused by errors or omissions in this book, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident or any other cause. All the programs given in the book are Copyright of the Author and Elektor International Media. These programs may only be used for educational purposes. Written permission from the Author or Elektor must be obtained before any of these programs can be used for commercial purposes.

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ISBN 978-3-89576-586-5 Print

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Copyright 2023: Elektor International Media B.V.

Editor: Clemens Valens

Prepress Production: D-Vision, Julian van den Berg

Print: Ipskamp Printing, Enschede (NL)

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Introduction to Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials

This book, "Raspberry Pi 5 Essentials," serves as a comprehensive guide for users looking to program, build, and master projects using the Raspberry Pi 5 with Python. It covers a wide range of topics, from the basic overview of the Raspberry Pi 5 to advanced project implementations.

The content is structured into 16 chapters, detailing:

• The Raspberry Pi 5 hardware and its features.
• Installation of the operating system and accessing the console and desktop GUI.
• Utilizing console commands for system management and networking.
• Exploring desktop applications like web browsers, file managers, and terminals.
• Working with text editors in the console mode (nano and vi).
• Creating and running Python programs, covering fundamental programming concepts, data types, control flow, and examples.
• Implementing various LED projects, including flashing LEDs, counting, and creating light effects.
• Interfacing with I2C LCD displays for various applications such as counters, time displays, and sensor readings.
• Generating waveforms using the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC).
• Utilizing the Sense HAT for projects involving text display, math skills, temperature, humidity, pressure, and games.
• Working with a 4x4 keypad for input.
• Establishing communication over Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, including smartphone integration and Arduino UNO communication.
• Developing camera projects for still images, time-lapses, and video.

The book aims to provide practical, hands-on experience with the Raspberry Pi 5, enabling users to build over 60 diverse projects.

Key Features and Projects

The Raspberry Pi 5 is a powerful single-board computer that offers extensive capabilities for learning and experimentation in electronics and programming. This guide focuses on leveraging its potential through Python programming.

Chapter 1: The Raspberry Pi 5

An overview of the Raspberry Pi 5 hardware, its specifications, and connectivity options.

Chapter 2: Installing the Raspberry Pi 5 Operating System

Guidance on setting up the Raspberry Pi OS, including SD card preparation, accessing the console via programs like PuTTY, and configuring network settings like static IP addresses and wired network connections.

Chapter 3: Using The Console Commands

An introduction to essential command-line interface (CLI) commands for managing the Raspberry Pi 5, including system information, directory navigation, resource monitoring, and networking commands.

Chapter 4: Desktop GUI – Desktop Applications

An exploration of the graphical user interface (GUI) and its applications, such as web browsing, file management, terminal usage, and managing Bluetooth and Wi-Fi connections.

Chapter 5: Using a Text Editor in Console Mode

Instructions on using text editors like `nano` and `vi` within the Raspberry Pi's console environment for editing code and configuration files.

Chapter 6: Creating and Running a Python Program

Methods for developing and executing Python scripts on the Raspberry Pi 5, covering interactive execution, creating Python files in both console and GUI modes.

Chapter 7: Python Programming and Simple Programs

A detailed dive into Python programming, including variable types, operators, control flow statements (if, for, while), functions, and handling exceptions. Several practical examples are provided.

Chapter 8: Raspberry Pi 5 LED Projects

Hands-on projects involving Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), such as creating flashing patterns, binary counters, and decorative light sequences. This chapter also covers interfacing with push-button switches and buzzers.

Chapter 9: Using an I2C LCD

Projects focused on integrating I2C LCD displays with the Raspberry Pi 5 to show information like seconds counters, time, IP addresses, and sensor data (temperature, humidity, pressure). It also includes projects for creating voltmeters and reaction timers.

Chapter 10: Plotting Graphs with Python and Raspberry Pi 5

Utilizing the Matplotlib library to create various graphs and visualizations, including projects for analyzing RC and RCL circuits, and displaying environmental sensor data.

Chapter 11: Waveform Generation Using the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

Projects demonstrating the use of the MCP4921 DAC to generate different types of waveforms, such as square, sawtooth, triangle, and sine waves.

Chapter 12: Using the Sense HAT

Projects that leverage the Sense HAT, a versatile add-on board, for applications like displaying text, testing math skills, learning times tables, controlling temperature, and creating games using its sensors and joystick.

Chapter 13: Using a 4x4 Keypad

A project focused on integrating a 4x4 keypad with the Raspberry Pi 5 for user input.

Chapter 14: Communication over Wi-Fi

Projects exploring wireless communication, including sending messages to smartphones via TCP/IP and UDP, controlling LEDs remotely, and communicating with the Raspberry Pi Pico W.

Chapter 15: Communication over Bluetooth

Projects involving Bluetooth connectivity, such as exchanging text with smartphones, controlling LEDs remotely, and communicating with Arduino UNO boards.

Chapter 16: Raspberry Pi 5 Camera Projects

Projects utilizing the Raspberry Pi 5 camera module for capturing still images, creating time-lapse sequences, and recording video. This includes an introduction to the `libcamera` tool.

Elektor International Media B.V.

Elektor International Media B.V. is a global media company specializing in electronics. They provide essential technical information and products for engineers, designers, and hobbyists through various channels, including magazines, videos, and digital content. Their website is www.elektormagazine.com.