Arduino 入门指南

探索开源电子原型平台的基础知识与应用

什么是Arduino?

Arduino是一个开源电子原型平台,它包含一个微型计算机(微芯片),用户可以对其进行编程。通过连接传感器,Arduino可以感知环境条件(如光线),并控制其他设备(如LED灯)做出反应。

该平台旨在简化电子项目的开发,让初学者也能轻松上手。

核心概念

数字与模拟

Arduino处理两种类型的信息:数字信息(离散的,如开/关,1/0)和模拟信息(连续的,如传感器读数)。

电路基础

理解电压(V)、电流(I)和电阻(R)是电子学的基础。欧姆定律(V=IR)描述了它们之间的关系。

  • 电压 (V): 电路中电势的度量,单位伏特。
  • 电流 (I): 流过导电材料的电荷流量,单位安培。
  • 电阻 (R): 材料对电流流量的阻碍,单位欧姆。

硬件与连接

面包板

面包板是一种无焊的电路板,方便用户快速连接和测试电子组件,如LED、开关和电位器。

组件连接

Arduino通过引脚连接到外部组件。例如,LED的阳极连接到数字引脚(通过电阻),阴极接地。开关和电位器可作为数字或模拟输入。

软件与编程

Arduino IDE

Arduino软件(集成开发环境 - IDE)允许用户编写、编译和上传代码(称为“Sketch”)到Arduino板。它提供了文本编辑器、编译器和上传工具。

Sketch结构

一个基本的Arduino Sketch包含两个主要函数:setup()(在程序开始时运行一次)和loop()(循环执行)。

示例项目

  • LED闪烁: 控制LED以特定间隔亮灭。
  • 开关控制LED: 使用数字输入(开关)来控制LED的开关。
  • 电位器控制LED亮度: 使用模拟输入(电位器)和脉冲宽度调制(PWM)来调节LED的亮度。

资源与下载

用户可以从Arduino官方网站下载软件和查找详细的教程、参考指南。

该文档由Jody Culkin制作,并基于知识共享许可发布。

PDF preview unavailable. Download the PDF instead.

Comic CN cairo 1.16.0 (https://cairographics.org)

Related Documents

Preview Arduino: Zero to Virtual Prototyping in Seven Hours
An introductory guide to Arduino, covering its history, components, installation, programming basics, and virtual prototyping with Fritzing. Learn about Ohm's Law, breadboarding, analog and digital signals, input/output, and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
Preview Arduino Documentation: A Comprehensive Guide to Arduino Boards, Software, and Components
Explore the world of Arduino with this detailed documentation covering Arduino boards like UNO, Nano, and Mini, along with essential software, programming techniques, and a wide array of electronic components for creating interactive projects. Ideal for beginners and experienced makers.
Preview Arduino Documentation: Boards, Software, and Components Guide
A comprehensive guide to Arduino boards, software, programming, and electronic components, detailing their usage for input/output devices and project development. Includes sample sketches and technical information.
Preview Tuto Arduino Uno: 45 Original Electronic Projects
A comprehensive guide to Arduino Uno, featuring 45 original electronic projects. This tutorial covers essential concepts, required components, software setup, and practical projects ranging from basic LED blinking to more advanced applications like ultrasonic sensors and artificial intelligence.
Preview Arduino UNO R3 Product Reference Manual
Comprehensive product reference manual for the Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller board, detailing its features, specifications, operation, and compliance information.
Preview Arduino UNO R4 Minima: Product Reference Manual
Detailed reference manual for the Arduino UNO R4 Minima development board, featuring a Renesas RA4M1 microcontroller, 5V operation, and expanded memory. Includes features, specifications, pinouts, power options, and compliance information.
Preview Kickstart to Arduino Nano: Get Cracking with Arduino Nano V3, Nano Every, and Nano 33 IoT
A comprehensive guide to getting started with Arduino Nano boards, covering the Arduino Nano V3, Nano Every, and Nano 33 IoT. Learn about microcontrollers, programming with the Arduino IDE, basic electronics, sensors, stepper motors, and IoT connectivity.
Preview Ultimate Arduino Uno Hardware Manual: A Comprehensive Guide
A detailed reference and user guide covering the hardware, firmware, programming, and interfacing of the Arduino Uno microcontroller board, published by Elektor.