Nucleo Boards Programming with the STM32CubeIDE

Hands-on in more than 50 projects

Dogan Ibrahim

Introduction

This document is an Elektor Publication, a brand of Elektor International Media B.V. It serves as a comprehensive guide to programming STM32 Nucleo development boards using the STM32CubeIDE. The book contains hands-on projects, detailed explanations of the STM32 architecture, software development tools, and various application examples.

The content is based on information and figures provided by STMicroelectronics, with their explicit permission. The author expresses gratitude to Michael Markowitz of STMicroelectronics for his contributions.

CHAPTER 1 • STM32 Nucleo Development Boards

1.1 Overview
1.2 STM32 Nucleo development boards

1.2.1 STM32 processor family numbering
1.2.2 Nucleo-32 development boards
1.2.3 Nucleo-64 development boards
1.2.4 Nucleo-144 development boards

1.3 The Nucleo-L476RG development board

1.3.1 Two-part board
1.3.2 The power supply
1.3.3 The LEDs
1.3.4 Pushbutton switches
1.3.5 Jumper JP6
1.3.6 The ST-LINK/V2-1
1.3.7 Input-Output connectors
1.3.8 The demo software

1.4 Summary

CHAPTER 2 • STM32 Nucleo Processor Architecture

2.1 Overview
2.2 Arm processors

2.2.1 Cortex-M
2.2.2 Cortex-R
2.2.3 Cortex-A
2.2.4 Cortex-M processor comparison
2.2.5 Processor performance measurement
2.2.6 Cortex-M compatibility
2.2.7 Choice of an STM32 processor

2.3 The STM32L476RGT6 microcontroller

2.3.1 Basic features of the STM32L476RGT6
2.3.2 Internal block diagram
2.3.3 General purpose inputs and outputs (GPIOs)
2.3.4 Electrical characteristics
2.3.5 The power supply
2.3.6 Low power modes
2.3.7 The clock circuit
2.3.8 Analogue to digital converter (ADC)
2.3.9 Digital to analogue converter (DAC)
2.3.10 Timers
2.3.11 Interrupts

2.4 Summary

CHAPTER 3 • STM32 Nucleo Software Development Tools (Toolchains)

3.1 Overview
3.2 Integrated development environments supporting the Nucleo boards
3.3 Embedded Workbench for Arm (EWARM)

3.3.1 Installing the EWARM

3.4 Arm Mbed
3.5 MDK-ARM
3.6 TrueSTUDIO
3.7 System Workbench for STM32 (SW4STM32)
3.8 STM32CubeIDE
3.9 Summary

CHAPTER 4 • Example Project — Using the Mbed

4.1 Overview
4.2 Using the ARM Mbed
4.3 Summary

CHAPTER 5 • STM32CubeIDE Nucleo-L476 Projects

5.1 Overview

5.1.1 STM32cubeIDE GPIO library

5.2 Project 1: Lighthouse flashing LED
5.3 Project 2: Alternately Flashing LEDs
5.4 Project 3: ‘Moving’ LEDs
5.5 Project 4: Binary Up Counter with LEDs
5.6 Project 5: Random Flashing LEDs
5.7 Project 6: Pushbutton and LED
5.8 Project 7: Control of Multiple LEDs by 2 Buttons
5.9 Project 8: LED Dice
5.10 Project 9: 7-Segment LED Counter
5.11 Project 10: Two-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment LED
5.12 Project 11: External interrupt to control an LED
5.13 Project 12: Two-digit Interrupt-Driven 7-Segment Event Counter
5.14 Project 13: Four-Digit 7-Segment LED Display
5.15 Project 14: Interrupt-Based Up/Down Counter with Four-Digit 7-Segment LED Display
5.16 Project 15: Multiple External Interrupts Sharing the Same Interrupt Line
5.17 Summary

CHAPTER 6 • Timers

6.1 Overview
6.2 STM32 timers
6.3 Setting a timer
6.4 Project 1: Timer Interrupt to Flash LED Every Second
6.5 Project 2: 4-Digit 7-Segment LED Up Counter with Timer Interrupts
6.6 Summary

CHAPTER 7 • LCD Displays

7.1 Overview
7.2 Project 1: Using parallel LCDs – Displaying Text
7.3 Project 2: Using LCDs – Simple Up Counter
7.4 Summary

CHAPTER 8 • Using the Analogue to Digital Converters

8.1 Overview
8.2 The STM32 ADC conversion modes
8.3 Project 1: Analogue Voltmeter (polling ADC)
8.4 Project 2: ADC with Multiple Inputs (polling ADC)
8.5 Project 3: Single-input ADC with Conversion Interrupt
8.6 Project 4: Analogue Temperature Sensor
8.7 Project 5: ON-OFF Temperature Controller
8.8 Project 6: Multiple-input ADC with DMA
8.9 Timer-driven ADC
8.10 External-driven ADC
8.11 ADC calibration
8.12 Summary

CHAPTER 9 • Using the Digital-to-Analogue Converters

9.1 Overview
9.2 Project 1: Sawtooth Waveform Generator with Manual DAC Driving
9.3 Project 2: Squarewave Generator with Manual DAC Driving
9.4 Project 3: Sinewave Generator with Manual DAC Driving
9.5 Project 4: Arbitrary Waveform Generator with Manual DAC Driving
9.6 Project 5: Arbitrary Waveform Generator with timer-based DMA
9.7 Hardware waveform generation
9.8 Project 6: Hardware-based Triangular Waveform Generation
9.9 Noise signal generation
9.10 Summary

CHAPTER 10 • Pulsewidth Modulation (PWM)

10.1 Overview
10.2 Basic theory of pulsewidth modulation
10.3 Operation of the PWM
10.4 Project 1: Mosquito Repeller
10.5 Project 2: Continuously Variable Duty Cycle
10.6 Project 3: Multiple PWM Waveforms
10.7 Project 4: Potentiometer-controlled Duty Cycle Control of PWM Waveform
10.8 Summary

CHAPTER 11 • Serial Communication

11.1 Overview
11.2 UART ports of the Nucleo-L476RG development board
11.3 Serial communication program on a PC
11.4 Project 1: Displaying Text on the PC
11.5 Project 2: Simple Up Counter
11.6 Project 3: Times Table
11.7 Project 4: Practising Elementary Multiplication
11.8 Project 5: Displaying Ambient Temperature on the PC Screen
11.9 Project 6: Communicating with Arduino (Displaying Temperature)
11.10 UART in interrupt mode
11.11 Project 7: Communicating with Arduino – UART Interrupt Mode
11.12 Using UART in DMA mode
11.13 Summary

CHAPTER 12 • The I2C Bus Interface

12.1 Overview
12.2 The I2C Bus
12.3 STM32L476RG I²C ports
12.4 Project 1: Port Expander
12.5 Project 2: EEPROM memory
12.6 Project 3: TMP102 Temperature Sensor Chip Reading
12.7 Summary

CHAPTER 13 • SPI Bus Projects

13.1 Overview
13.2 Nucleo-L476RG SPI pins
13.3 Project 1: Port Expander
13.4 Summary

CHAPTER 14 • Program Debugging

14.1 Overview
14.2 Project 1: Simple Debug
14.3 Project 2: Debugging the GPIO
14.4 Project 3: Displaying Characters in Debug Window
14.5 Project 4: Using ‘printf’ to Display Data in Debug Window
14.6 Project 5: Using the ST-Link Virtual COM Port
14.7 Summary

CHAPTER 15 • STM32L4 MCU Power Management

15.1 Overview
15.2 Low power modes
15.3 Power modes transitions
15.4 Low power peripherals
15.5 Debugging in low-power modes
15.6 Measuring Nucleo current consumption
15.7 Project 1: Sleep Mode Example
15.8 Project 2: Stop Mode Example
15.9 Project 3: Standby Mode Example
15.10 Summary

CHAPTER 16 • Using the Expansion Boards

16.1 Overview
16.2 Industrial Digital Output Expansion Board (X-NUCLEO-OUT01A1)
16.3 Project 1: Flashing an LED
16.4 Brushed DC Motor Driver Expansion Board (X-NUCLEO-IHM13A1)
16.5 Motion MEMS and Environmental Sensor Expansion Board (X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2)
16.6 Project 2: Reading the Temperature from the X-NUCLEO-IKS01A2 Expansion Board
16.7 Project 3: Using the X-CUBE-MEMS1 Library
16.8 Wi-Fi Expansion Board (X-NUCLEO-IDW01M1)

APPENDIX • FreeRTOS For the STM32 MCU

A.1 Overview
A.2 Multitasking kernel advantages
A.3 The need for an RTOS
A.4 The FreeRTOS
A.5 FreeRTOS project with the STM32MCubeIDE

Index

Key Topics Covered

STM32 Nucleo Development Boards: Detailed information on various Nucleo board series (Nucleo-32, Nucleo-64, Nucleo-144) and the specific Nucleo-L476RG board, including its power supply, LEDs, buttons, and connectors.
STM32 Nucleo Processor Architecture: An exploration of ARM processors (Cortex-M, Cortex-R, Cortex-A), their comparisons, performance measurements, and the architecture of the STM32L476RGT6 microcontroller, including its features, block diagram, and GPIOs.
Software Development Tools: An overview of integrated development environments (IDEs) such as EWARM, Arm Mbed, MDK-ARM, TrueSTUDIO, SW4STM32, and STM32CubeIDE.
Example Projects: Numerous hands-on projects demonstrating various functionalities, including LED control, 7-segment displays, timers, LCD displays, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), Pulsewidth Modulation (PWM), serial communication (UART, I2C, SPI), and program debugging.
Expansion Boards: Guidance on using various STM32 Nucleo expansion boards, such as the Industrial Digital Output, DC Motor Driver, Motion MEMS and Environmental Sensor, and Wi-Fi expansion boards.
FreeRTOS: An introduction to the FreeRTOS real-time operating system (RTOS) for STM32 MCUs, covering its advantages, necessity, and a practical project example.
Power Management: Detailed coverage of STM32L4 MCU power management, including low-power modes, debugging in low-power states, and current consumption measurement.

Publisher Information

Elektor International Media B.V.

PO Box 11, NL-6114-ZG Susteren, The Netherlands

Phone: +31 46 4389444

Website: www.elektormagazine.com

ISBNs:

978-3-89576-416-5 (Print)
978-3-89576-416-6 (eBook)
978-3-89576-416-7 (ePub)

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Nucleo Boards Programming with the STM32CubeIDE

Introduction

Table of Contents

Key Topics Covered

Publisher Information

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