Home - Hall Technologies
User Manual for HALL TECHNOLOGIES models including: HT-TRK1, HT-TRK1 Apollo Technology Room Kit, Apollo Technology Room Kit, Technology Room Kit, Room Kit
HT-TRK1 Apollo - Hall Technologies
File Info : application/pdf, 29 Pages, 3.35MB
DocumentDocumentHall Technologies · 1234 Lakeshore Dr Suite #150 Coppell, TX 75019 · halltechav.com HT-TRK1 Apollo Technology Room Kit User Manual Version: 5.1 Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 1 of 29 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Features........................................................................................................................................... 3 Package Contents ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Receiver........................................................................................................................................... 4 Wall Plate Transmitter..................................................................................................................... 4 Control Panel................................................................................................................................... 4 Product Views ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Receiver........................................................................................................................................... 5 Wall Plate Transmitter..................................................................................................................... 5 Control Panel................................................................................................................................... 5 Connectors & Indicators.............................................................................................................................. 6 Transmitter...................................................................................................................................... 6 Receiver Front Panel .................................................................................................................... 7 Receiver Rear Panel...................................................................................................................... 7 Control Panel................................................................................................................................... 9 Installation ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Application Wiring .................................................................................................................................... 12 Pinout Information.................................................................................................................................... 13 IR Out ............................................................................................................................................ 13 Audio In ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Audio Out ...................................................................................................................................... 14 RS232 ............................................................................................................................................ 14 Speaker Out................................................................................................................................... 14 Speaker Wiring Configurations ..................................................................................................... 14 Auto Switch ............................................................................................................................................... 15 OSD............................................................................................................................................................ 15 Control....................................................................................................................................................... 16 IR Learning .................................................................................................................................... 16 RS232 ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Web UI....................................................................................................................................................... 17 Advanced Settings......................................................................................................................... 19 Name / Location............................................................................................................................ 19 Audio Mix ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Control Settings............................................................................................................................. 21 Commands .................................................................................................................................... 22 EDID / Scaling ................................................................................................................................ 23 Network ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Preferences ................................................................................................................................... 25 Firmware Upgrade ........................................................................................................................ 26 Specifications ............................................................................................................................................ 27 Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 2 of 29 Introduction OVERVIEW The HT-TRK1 Apollo Technology Room Kit is a turn-key solution for classrooms and training rooms. The solution provides HDMI video switching, system control, video extension and analog audio amplification in a convenient and simple 3-piece kit. Utilizing HDBaseT technology, power, control, video up to 4K@60Hz, and audio are transported over a single Cat6 cable between the wall plate transmitter and the receiver. The wall plate controller connects to the wall plate transmitter with a since Cat6 cable and allows for remote switching of the sources and volume control from a convenient location. Four total HDMI inputs can be utilized and each can scale inputs up to 4K@60Hz. The wall plate controller and wall plate transmitter are both powered by the receiver over the single Cat6 cable. The receiver features analog audio de-embedding, a built-in 20W amplifier for stereo (8) or mono (70V), and stereo analog outputs for connection into a larger amplifier or for audio recording. The receiver also supports audio mixing of all available audio signals. The receiver has a built-in Web UI for additional control and the system includes monitoring software allowing for easy multi-room configuration, system monitoring, and firmware updates for all devices. The receiver also features an integrated Ethernet switch which allows for integration with a LAN network for the receiver and an additional device such as a camera. And with the USB 2.0 connectivity, integration with soft codecs and touch displays is possible. FEATURES · 4K Compatibility built on long-range HDBaseT Technology · Versatile, All-in-One System · Control and Security · DSP Mixing Function · Built-in Audio System · Power, Video and Control over Cat6a up to 100m · Simple operation with Web UI Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 3 of 29 Package Contents RECEIVER · 1 x Receiver · 1 x DC 24V 5A Power Adapter · 1 x AC Cable with US pins · 1 x IR Emitter · 2 x Mounting Brackets · 4 x Mounting Screws · 4 x Rubber Feet · Phoenix Connectors for each port WALL PLATE TRANSMITTER · 1 x Transmitter · 1 x 2-Gang Plastic Decora Plate, White · 4 x #6-32*20mm Screws, Silver · 4 x #6-32*7mm Screws, White CONTROL PANEL · 1 x Control Panel · 1 x 2-Gang Plastic Decora Plate, White · 4 x #6-32*20mm Screws, Silver · 4 x #6-32*7mm Screws, White · 1 x Sheet of Pre-printed Button Labels Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 4 of 29 Product Views TRANSMITTER CONTROL PANEL RECEIVER Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 5 of 29 Connectors & Indicators TRANSMITTER ID Name 1 HDMI IN 1~3 2 REBOOT 3 UPDATE 4 HDMI LED 5 LINK LED 6 PWR LED 7 SOURCE SELECT 8 AUDIO IN 9 USB 10 To Control Panel 11 HDBT OUT Description Connect up to three HDMI sources Use a pointed stylus to press the button and reboot the transmitter. Micro USB connection for updating the firmware. A solid LED shows the source that is selected. HDMI 1~3 are the three inputs on the transmitter; HDMI 4 is the input on the receiver. On: The transmitter is connected to the receiver. Off: The transmitter is not connected to the receiver. On: The transmitter is powered on. Off: The transmitter is powered off. Press to toggle through the 4 inputs. 3.5mm audio input for stereo audio pass-through. Connect to a USB host, such as a laptop or PC. Connect to the control panel using Cat5e/6/6a/7 cable. Connect to the receiver using Cat5e/6/6a/7 cable. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 6 of 29 RECEIVER FRONT PANEL ID Name 1 POWER LED 2 LINK LED 3 STATUS LED 4 HDBT IN LED 5 HDMI IN LED Description On: The receiver is powered on. Off: The receiver is powered off. On: The receiver is connected to the transmitter. Off: The receiver is not connected to the transmitter. On: The receiver is working properly. Off: The receiver is not working properly. On: The HDBT input is selected. Off: The HDBT input is not selected. On: The HDMI IN on the receiver is selected. Off: The HDMI IN on the receiver is not selected. RECEIVER REAR PANEL ID Name 1 DC 24V 2 RESET 3 HDBT IN Description Connect to the included DC 24V power adapter. When the receiver is powered on, use a pointed stylus to hold this button down for three or more seconds to perform a factory reset. The LED indicators will blink quickly, and the transmitter and receiver will reset to factory defaults. Connect to the transmitter using a Cat5e/6/6a/7 cable. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 7 of 29 4 HDMI IN 5 HDMI OUT 6 LAN 1~2 7 UPDATE 8 USB 2.0 9 IR OUT 10 RS232 OUT 11 RS232 IN 12 LINE/MIC/48V 13 AUDIO IN 14 MUTE 15 AUDIO OUT 16 LEFT-RIGHT 17 Selector Switch 18 70V Connect to an HDMI source. Connect to an HDMI display. Connect to a LAN and/or a control system for Web UI and Telnet control. Micro USB connection for updating the firmware. Connect to USB peripheral devices such as keyboard, mouse, touch display, USB camera, etc. Connect to an IR device for IR control out to a display. Connect to an RS232-enabled device for RS232 signal pass-through. Connect to a control PC or control system for serial control of the receiver. Selects the signal type connected into the AUDIO IN connector. Line: Line-level audio in. MIC: Microphone-level audio in. 48V: Microphone input with 48V phantom power. Warning: Before the selector switch is set to position "48V" ensure any line device connected to "AUDIO IN" port has been removed to prevent damage to the line device. Connect to an audio device based on the setting of LINE/MIC/48V. Connect to a contact closer for muting the audio signal of AUDIO OUT and SPEAKER OUT. Note: The kit supports paging which can be configured in the Web UI. In paging mode, only HDMI audio will be muted. Connect to an audio amplifier or other audio input device. Connect each to a separate 4/8 loudspeaker. Select the desired speaker output. Connect to the 70V loudspeakers. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 8 of 29 CONTROL PANEL ID Name 1 Volume LED 2 Volume Knob 3 Video LED 4 TX IN LED 5 RX IN LED 6 IR 7 On 8 Off Description Increase the volume and the LEDs will illuminate in gradient from the bottom to the top. Turn the volume knob clockwise to increase the audio level; counterclockwise to decrease the audio level When the audio mixing function is set to off, short press the volume knob to switch among the audio sources: VIDEO, TX IN and RX IN. When the mixing audio function is set to on, short press the volume knob to select one audio input of the mixing volume or the mixing audio to adjust its audio level. On: The audio from the selected video source is selected. Off: The audio from the selected video source is not selected. On: The AUDIO IN on the transmitter is selected. Off: The AUDIO IN on the transmitter is not selected. On: The AUDIO IN on the receiver is selected. Off: The AUDIO IN on the receiver is not selected. Receives IR signals from IR remote. Short press the button to power on the display. Hold press the button for 3 seconds to power on the system. Note: When power sync function is set to ON the display and system power on functions will be tied together. Short press the button to power off the display. Hold press the button for 3 seconds to power off the system. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 9 of 29 9 Video 1~4 10 To Transmitter Note: When power sync function is set to ON the display and system power off functions will be tied together. When a video source is selected, its corresponding selector button will light up. Video 1~3 is for HDMI IN on the transmitter; HDMI 4 is on the receiver. Connect to the transmitter using Cat5e/6/6a/7 cable. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 10 of 29 Installation INSTALLATION Note: Before installation, please ensure the device is disconnected from the power source. Steps to install the receiver on a suitable location: 1. Attach the installation bracket to the enclosure using the screws provided in the package. 2. Attach the bracket as shown. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the other side of the device. 4. Attach the brackets to the desired surface (screws provided by others). Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 11 of 29 Application Wiring See diagram for connecting devices. USB-B Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 12 of 29 Pinout Information IR OUT "+" Connects to positive "-" Connects to negavie AUDIO IN The pinout of the Audio In connector may vary based on the selector switch's setting as shown: NOTE: 1. When in the LINE and 48V settings, the AUDIO IN accepts 1Vrms audio level at max. IF AUDIO IN input signal exceeds the 1Vrms level, there may be audio clipping and distortion. 2. When in the MIC setting, the AUDIO IN accepts 150mVrms audio level at max. If AUDIO IN input signal exceeds the 150mVrms level, there may be audio clipping and distortion. 3. To connect wireless microphones, check if the microphone receiver outputs LINE or MIC level audio signal, and switch accordingly. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 13 of 29 AUDIO OUT RS232 SPEAKER OUT SPEAKER WIRING CONFIGURATIONS Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 14 of 29 Auto Switch This kit supports auto switching among the four HDMI inputs on transmitter and receiver. 1. When multiple sources are inserted, power on all devices, the input will be switched to the active source with the highest priority. The priority is: RX HDMI IN > TX HDMI IN 1 > TX HDMI IN 2 > TX HDMI IN 3 2. When a new source is inserted, the input will be switched to it automatically (Last-in-first-out) 3. When the currently selected source is removed, the input will be switched to the last selected source port. If that port has no source inserted, the input will be switched to the active source with highest priority. OSD This kit supports OSD (On Screen Display) to display the IP address. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 15 of 29 Control IR LEARNING The control panel supports IR learning for IR control from the control panel. To do so, perform the following steps: 1. Step 1: Enter IR Learning Mode Hold press HDMI 1 button on the control panel for three seconds. The ON and OFF buttons will light up. 2. Step 2: Start IR Learning Press any button on the control panel to be controlled and it will start to flash. For example, if you want to have the ON button act as the Volume Up button: Press the ON button and it will start to flash. Point the display remote at the control panel's IR sensor and press the Volume Up button on the remote. The ON button on the control panel will stop flashing once IR code is learned. 3. Step 3: Exit IR Learning Mode Hold press HDMI 4 button on the control panel for three seconds. The ON and OFF buttons will go dark and the control panel will be in standard control mode, with the ON button now turning the display volume up using IR. 4. Step 4: Test IR Control on Control Panel To test the volume up, short press the ON buttons on the control panel. Your display should respond to the commands appropriately. If not, repeat the steps. NOTE: if the ON and OFF buttons are used for IR control as in the example above, to turn on and off the Technology Room Kit, the ON and OFF buttons will need to be pressed for three seconds. RS-232 Control Advanced users may want to control the Technology Room Kit through RS-232 serial communication. Please refer to the HT-TRK1_commands.pdf document for instructions and a list of commands. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 16 of 29 Web UI The Web UI designed for the HT-TRK1 allows for basic controls and device settings. This Web UI can be accessed through a modern browser, e.g., Chrome, Safari, Firefox, IE10+, etc. To get access the Web UI: 1. Connect the LAN port of the switcher to a local area network. Ensure there's a DHCP server in the network so that the device can obtain a valid IP address. (If there is no DHCP server the Technology Room Kit will revert to a 169.254.x.x address which you can find on the OSD.) 2. Connect the PC to the same network as the Technology Room Kit. 3. Input the HT-TRK1's IP address in the browser and press Enter, the following window pops up. (See OSD section to easily view the IP address) 4. Input the username and password (default: admin) and click Login to enter the main control page. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 17 of 29 UI Element Information A/V Inputs Display Power System Power Audio Volume Control / Selection Description Within settings users can change the building name, floor name/number, and room name/number. This information is displayed in the top left corner of the main page. Click to select the desired source to display. ON/OFF: Click to turn the display on/off. ON/OFF: Click to turn the system on/off. Mute: Click the button to mute/unmute corresponding audio sources. Audio Selection: When MIXING function is set to OFF, click to select audio source. Level: Increase/Decrease audio. Settings: Click to enter advanced settings Home: When in advanced settings tab, click home to return to main page. Firmware: Shows installed firmware version. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 18 of 29 Advanced Settings NAME/LOCATION UI Element BUILDING FLOOR ROOM NAME/NUMBER APPLY / CANCEL Description Enter the Building Name where the HT-TRK1 is installed. Enter the Floor Name/Number where the HT-TRK1 is installed. Enter the Room Name/Number where the HT-TRK1 is installed. Click to apply or cancel the changes. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 19 of 29 AUDIO MIX UI Element MIXING ENABLED DUCK MASTER SELECT MIXER SETTINGS DUCKING SETTINGS Description Click to turn mixing enabled on/off. Default setting is OFF. (Image above is enabled to show it in mixing mode, otherwise everything is grayed out.) Click the desired input to act as the ducking master. Default is RX IN. Click the desired audio mix and adjust the sliders as desired for the mix. Attack Time: User the slider to adjust the attack time after the ducking master threshold is passed. Default setting is 500ms. Release Time: Use the slider to adjust the release time after the ducking master threshold is not exceeded. Default setting is 500ms. Ducking Trigger Level: Use the slider to adjust the trigger level of ducking. The lower the level is set, the easier the ducking is triggered. Ducking Level: Use the slider to set the volume ratio of the master audio and other audio inputs in mixed audio. The larger the ratio set, the lower the volume of the other audio inputs with the main master audio input. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 20 of 29 CONTROL SETTINGS UI Element RS232 SETTINGS TCP/IP SETTINGS AUDIO MUTE VIDEO SWITCHING Description BAUD RATE: Set the RS232 out baud rate to match the baud rate of the device being controlled. COMMAND ENDING: Select between NONE, \r, \n, or \r\n to append to an ASCII command. DEVICE IP ADDRESS: Enter the IP address of the device being controlled. PORT: Select the port of the device being controlled. COMMAND ENDING: Select between NONE, \r, \n, or \r\n to append to an ASCII command. Select between all audio muted and muted during paging. Select between Auto or Manual video switching. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 21 of 29 COMMANDS UI Element BUTTON DELAY (1-10s) PRESS TYPE COMMAND AUTO ON / OFF LIGHTS A / B EXPORT/IMPORT Description Rename buttons in this column. Indicate the desired time of the command delay (in "Double" or "Toggle" modes) Single: Pressing the button sends a single command. Double: Pressing the button sends two commands. Toggle: Pressing the button sends first command. Pressing the button again sends the second command. TRK1: Select from standard commands built-in the TRK1 unit. IR Learned: Send an IR command based on what was learned on the control unit. RS232: Send an RS232 command. TCP/IP: Send a command over the network. Select from built-in commands if TRK1 type is selected, or enter ASCII or HEX command. When TRK1 is selected as Type and the Command is CEC Display Power On, if Auto On is checked and an HDMI signal is detected, CEC trigger will be sent. Same with Auto Off. Select between Lights A or Lights B. In each only one button can be illuminated at a time. To have ON and SOURCE illuminated at the same time, set one as A and one as B. Export the list of commands saved and import into another unit. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 22 of 29 EDID / SCALING UI Element INPUT EDID OUTPUT RESOLUTION CANCEL / APPLY Description Click the drop-down menu to select a specific EDID. The default input EDID is 3840x2160@30Hz 2CH-no HDR. Click the drop-down menu to select a compatible resolution for the connected display. By default the Output Resolution is set to "auto". Save or cancel the setting changes. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 23 of 29 NETWORK UI Element DHCP STATIC CANCEL / APPLY Description When enabled, the IP address of the kit is assigned automatically by the DHCP server. Default setting is DHCP. When the kit fails to obtain an IP address from the network, select Static as the mode. Save or cancel the setting changes. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 24 of 29 PREFERENCES UI Element INPUT NAME PASSWORD AUDIO INPUT NAME CANCEL / APPLY CUSTOM WEB UI LOGO Description Change the input names of inputs 1 ~ 4. Change the password of the user and admin. Default for admin is "admin" and default for user is "user". Change the audio input names. Save or cancel the setting changes. Click "Upload" to select a PNG image from a local PC to upload. This image must be in PNG format with a resolution of 292x80 pixels. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 25 of 29 FIRMWARE UPGRADE UI Element VERSION INFO SYSTEM ARM UPGRADE MCU UPGRADE Description Displays the loaded firmware version. Click to reboot or factory reset the unit. Click browse for the .bin file and click upgrade to start the upgrade. A pop-up will appear letting the user know it will take about 8 minutes to upgrade. NOTE: all devices need to be connected during firmware upgrade. Click browse for the MCU upgrade in .zip format. A status bar will indicate how much of the firmware has been loaded. NOTE: all devices need to be connected during firmware upgrade. Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 26 of 29 Specifications Technical Audio/Video Inputs Audio/Video Outputs Control I/O: Interfaces Input Signal Type Input Resolution Supported Output Resolution Supported Audio Format Maximum Data Rate Transmitter: 3 x HDMI, 1 x 3.5mm Audio Receiver: 1 x HDMI, 1 x HDBT, 1 x Audio (Phoenix), 1 x RS-232 (Phoenix), 1 x Mute (Phoenix), 2 x LAN Control Panel: None Transmitter: 1 x HDBT Receiver: 1 x HDMI, 1 x Stereo (8) or Mono (70V) Speaker (Phoenix) Control Panel: None Transmitter: 1 x USB Type-B Host, 1 x Micro USB Firmware Update, 1 x RJ45 (to Control Panel) Receiver: 3 x USB 2.0 Type-A, 1 x IR OUT (Phoenix), 1 x RS-232 OUT (Phoenix), 1 x RS-232 IN (Phoenix), 1 x Mute (Phoenix), 2 x LAN, 1 x Micro USB Firmware Update Control Panel: 1 x RJ45 (to Transmitter) Transmitter: 1 x Source Select Button, 1 x Reboot Button Receiver: 1 x Audio Level Selector Switch, 1 x Speaker Output Selector Switch, 1 x Reset Button Control Panel: 4 x Source Selector Buttons, 2 x Power Buttons, 1 x Volume Knob Transmitter: HDMI with 4K@60Hz YUV 4:2:0, HDCP2.2 Receiver: HDMI with 4K@60Hz YUV 4:4:4, HDCP2.2 Transmitter HDMI In: VESA: 1920x12008 | 1680x10508 | 1600x12008 | 1600x9008 | 1440x9008 | 1366x7688 | 1360x7688 | 1280x10248 | 1280x9608 | 1280x8008 | 1280x7688 | 1024x7688 | 800x6008 SMPTE: 4096x21602,3,5,8* | 3840x21602,3,5,8* | 1920x1080P6,7,8 | 1280x720P6,7,8 Receiver HDMI In: VESA: 1920x12008 | 1680x10508 | 1600x12008 | 1600x9008 | 1440x9008 | 1366x7688 | 1360x7688 | 1280x10248 | 1280x9608 | 1280x8008 | 1280x7688 | 1024x7688 | 800x6008 SMPTE: 4096x21602,3,5,8 | 3840x21602,3,5,8 | 1920x1080P6,7,8 | 1280x720P6,7,8 1 = @23.98Hz, 2 = @24Hz, 3 = @25Hz, 4 = @29.97Hz, 5 = @30Hz, 6 = @50 Hz, 7 = @59.94Hz, 8 = @60Hz, * = 4:2:0 VESA: 1920x12008 | 1680x10508 | 1600x12008 | 1600x9008 | 1440x9008 | 1366x7688 | 1360x7688 | 1280x10248 | 1280x9608 | 1280x8008 | 1280x7688 | 1024x7688 | 800x6008 SMPTE: 4096x21602,3,5,6,8 | 3840x21602,3,5,6,8 | 1920x1080P6,8 | 1280x720P6,8 1 = @23.98Hz, 2 = @24Hz, 3 = @25Hz, 4 = @29.97Hz, 5 = @30Hz, 6 = @50 Hz, 7 = @59.94Hz, 8 = @60Hz Note: Built-in scaler cannot output resolutions with Deep Color, HDR and 4:2:2/4:2:0 color space. HDMI In/Out: Stereo Audio In & Mic/Line In: Stereo Audio Out & 4/8 Speaker Out: Stereo 70V Speaker Out: Mono Transmitter: HDMI In, HDBT Out: 10.2Gbps Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 27 of 29 Control Method Receiver: HDBT In: 10.2Gbps HDMI In & HDMI Out: 18Gbps Control panel, Button on transmitter, LAN control (Web UI/Telnet), RS-232 Transmission Distance Cat5e Cat6/6a/7 HDMI 100m/330ft 90m/295ft 100m/330ft Input: 15m/50ft Output: 10m/33ft Input/Output: 10m/33ft Input: 5m/16ft Output: 3m/10ft Up to 1080P@60Hz 36bpp 1080P@60Hz 48bpp 1080P@60Hz 3D 4k@30Hz 4:4:4 24bpp 4k@30Hz 4:2:0 24bpp 1080P@60Hz 24bpp 4K@30Hz 4:4:4 24bpp 4K@30Hz 4:2:0 24bpp 4K@30Hz 4:4:4 24bpp General Operating Temperature Storage Temperature ESD Protection Power Supply Power Consumption (Max) Dimension (Width x Height x Depth) Weight 0°C ~ 45°C (32°F to 113°F), 10% to 90%, non-condensing -20°C ~ 70°C (-4°F to 158°F), 10% to 90%, non-condensing Human-body Model: ±8kV (Air-gap discharge) / ±4kV (Contact discharge) DC 24V 5A 81W Transmitter: 89mm x 105.6mm x 43mm | 3.5" x 4.16" x 1.69" Receiver: 215mm x 42mm x 160.2mm | 8.46" x 1.65" x 6.31" Control Panel: 45mm x 105.6mm x 28.7mm | 1.77" x 4.16" x 1.13" Transmitter: 0.3kg | 0.66lb Receiver: 1.43kg | 3.15lb Control Panel: 0.16kg | 0.35lb Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 28 of 29 © Copyright 2022. Hall Technologies All rights reserved. 1234 Lakeshore Drive, Suite #150, Coppell, TX 75019 halltechav.com / support@halltechav.com (714)641-6607 Hall Technologies November 13, 2024 Page 29 of 29