DIG Drip Irrigation Guide

How to get up and running using waterwise drip irrigation

Water Matters

Drip irrigation is a cost-effective and water-efficient way to keep your landscape green and beautiful! DIG provides simple and smart irrigation solutions to help your landscape thrive. Our eco-friendly technologies are designed to save you time, money and water. Before you begin setting up and implementing your water-saving drip system, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the basics of drip.

What is drip irrigation?

Drip irrigation is a type of watering system that applies a small amount of water to keep plants healthy and hydrated. Drip irrigation slowly delivers a precise amount of water directly to plant root zones, enabling them to thrive in a healthy environment with a consistent moisture level.

Why use drip irrigation?

Drip irrigation uses 50% to 70% less water than conventional sprinklers, lowering your water bill and helping our planet! Since drip irrigation uses a small amount of water, slowly and precisely, there is very little water waste due to evaporation or ground-water runoff. Drip irrigation prevents overwatering and reduces the unwanted weed growth, mold and mildew that can occur with regular sprinklers. All in all, drip irrigation is a cost-effective and water-efficient way to keep your landscape green and beautiful!

The many advantages of drip irrigation

Easy to use color coded system

DIG simplifies the buying process by using a clear, easy-to-read color coding system and descriptive categories on all box front labels as well as product bags.

5 color coded categories:

Water Connections: Choose from a variety of connections, whether hose or pipe thread, to start a drip system. Also, easily convert existing irrigation systems to efficient water saving drip systems with DIG's retrofit products.

Fittings: No clamps or glue required. Join tubing securely using DIG's complete line of barbed, compression or universal nutlock fittings.

Drippers (Drip Emitters): Precise, efficient and economical, DIG's extensive line of drip emitters provides a variety of flow rates to deliver a precise amount of water exactly where you need it!

Micro Sprayers: Conserve water and keep your landscape thriving with DIG's low-volume micro sprayers, micro sprinklers and foggers.

Accessories: Hose ends, plugs, ball valves, clamps, punches, insertion tools, tubing holder stakes and more – whatever accessories you need to customize your drip irrigation system, DIG has got you covered!

Water Connections

How to Start a Drip Irrigation System

A properly designed drip system begins with the drip zone head assembly which consists of a filter and a pressure regulator. The filter protects from small debris or dirt clogging the water passage to the drip emitters or micro sprinklers, and the pressure regulator reduces the incoming pressure to the appropriate operating pressure range. This assembly can be attached to a faucet, anti-siphon valve, manual or automatic inline valve, or to a sprinkler riser.

In some regions, a backflow preventer is required to meet city codes. A backflow preventer keeps water from re-entering the household water supply.

Connecting drip zone head assembly to an outdoor faucet

This is the simplest way to install a drip system and can be easily automated by adding one of our battery or solar powered timers, models RBC 7000, EVO100, BO9DB, B092A or BOHE-BT Bluetooth®. All models listed have "hose" type threads and should be hand tightened only.

Components: 3/4" Y splitter, backflow preventer, 10 FHT screen filter, 25 PSI pressure regulator, 3/4" FHT swivel adapter, 1/2" poly tubing.

Connecting drip zone head assembly to an anti-siphon valve

This installation must be installed at least 6" above the highest point in the garden and can be automated by adding one of our battery or solar powered timers with a 3/4" anti-siphon valve, models RBC 8000 or ECO1 ASV.075. All models listed have "pipe" type threads and generally require three to five rounds of TEFLON tape to seal; wrench tightening may be necessary.

Components: RBC7000 or ECO1 ASV.075 timer, 3/4" male adapter, Teflon Tape, MPT screen filter, 25 PSI preset pressure regulator, 3/4" female adapter, FNPT swivel adapter.

Connecting drip zone head assembly with an inline valve

This below-grade, inside-a-valve-box installation from a PVC pipe can be automated by adding one of our battery powered timers or 24VAC valve assemblies, models RBC 7000 or DM075. All models listed have "pipe" type threads and generally require three to five rounds of TEFLON tape to seal; wrench tightening may be necessary.

Components: RBC 7000 or DM075 timer, 3/4" MPT x S, MPT screen filter, 25 PSI preset pressure regulator, FNPT swivel adapter.

Connecting drip zone head assembly into a 1/2" sprinkler riser

This installation retrofits a 1/2" riser into a drip system by serving as a point of connection for PC dripline or 1/2" drip tubing. The complete assembly is available in model DSR, and can be used for above or below ground layout of dripline or drip tubing.

Components: FHT screen filter, conversion elbow, 25 PSI drip conversion kit, 3/4" FHT swivel tee, 25 PSI preset pressure regulator, 1/2" riser.

Connecting a multi-outlet drip manifold to a 1/2" sprinkler riser

This installation retrofits a 1/2" sprinkler riser into a multi-outlet drip manifold head by removing the sprinkler head from the riser and attaching a 2-, 4-, 6- or 12-outlet PC drip manifold head. From the drip manifold head, extend the micro tubing to the plants and secure the end with a stake.

Components: 4-Outlet PC drip manifold, 12-Outlet Maverick, 6-Outlet PC drip manifold, Adj. 6-Outlet PC drip manifold, V stake, micro tubing stake, Adj. dripper on spike.

Add-ItTM Fertilizer Injector

Economical, flexible and easy-to-use, the Add-ItTM Automatic Proportional Fertilizer Injector with or without a backflow device is ideal for residential applications, including feeding lawns, shrubs, trees, flowers, raised beds, vines and potted plants automatically without a pump, spreaders or hoses.

System Layout

Poly Tubing and Micro Tubing

DIG's flexible poly tubing and micro tubing are installed above or below the soil's surface and are connected into the drip zone head assembly. Extruded from the highest-quality linear, low-density polyethylene resin (with carbon black for extra protection from the damaging effect of ultraviolet light), the drip tubing and micro tubing are designed to meet every demand of drip irrigation projects from backyard garden installations to commercial sites.

Poly Tubing

DIG's premium poly tubing is used as the primary supply line for drip irrigation into which the micro tubing, drippers, micro sprinklers, micro sprayers or dripline are linked to deliver water to the plants. The poly tubing is available in 50', 100', 200' and 500' coils and uses DIG's .700" OD compression fittings (black). If drip tubing with .710" OD is utilized, use the .710" OD fittings with a blue insert. Maximum operating pressure is 60 PSI and max. flow rate is 220 GPH (3.6 GPM).

To ensure problem-free installation and use, we recommend using DIG's premium 1/2" .700 OD poly tubing. In the event that another size of tubing is used, DIG offers various sizes of compression fittings, barbs and universal fittings to complete the installation.

Components: compression end cap, universal nut lock coupling, compression coupling, flush valve, 1/4" micro tubing, hose end closure, 1/2" poly tubing.

Micro Tubing

The 1/4" micro tubing serves as the feeder line to the drippers, misters or micro sprayers, or as an extension to the plants from the 4-, 6- and 12-outlet drip manifolds. It may also be used as the basis for a complete system for hanging baskets, containers or for a patio garden (see FM01AS starter kit). The micro tubing is available in vinyl or polyethylene in 50', 100' and 500' coils and uses DIG's 1/4" barbed fittings. Maximum operating pressure is 60 PSI and maximum flow rate is 15 GPH (.25 GPM).

Components: 1/2" poly tubing, PC dripper, 1/4" micro tubing, V stake.

Assemble Your System

DIG's complete line of drip fittings and accessories make it easy to assemble and install a complete drip irrigation system; no special tools or glue are required.

1/4" Fittings

1/4" barbed fittings are used to join segments of 1/4" micro tubing or dripline together, or to connect 1/4" micro tubing or dripline into 1/2" poly tubing.

Components: 1/4" barb, compr elbow, compr end cap, compr tee, universal coupling, shut off valve, 1/4" micro tubing, 1/2" drip tubing.

1/2" Fittings

The 1/2" fittings are available in three types: compression, universal and barbed. Compression fittings fit over the poly tubing; the poly tubing is compressed when it is forced into the fittings by moving it up and down or "walking" it in. Use the compression fittings with black inserts for DIG's .700" OD poly tubing and blue inserts for .710" poly tubing. If the outside diameter of the poly tubing is not known, or if it is necessary to connect different sizes of poly tubing segments together, it's best to use the universal nut lock™ fittings, which can be re-used and will fit all sizes of .630" OD to .710" OD. DIG also provides brown 1/2" barbed fittings, which can be used with our brown 1/2" PC dripline (B18100) or others. These fittings are installed in the same way as the 1/4" barbs, by forcing the barb into the end of the 1/2" dripline.

Components: 1/2" compression, 1/2" barb, 1/2" universal nut lock™.

Accessories

DIG's full line of drip accessories make it easy to maintain, customize and finish off the system installation. Our line-up includes goof plugs and hose ends to close off the lines, stakes and C clamps to keep the tubing in place, and also punches and insertion tools to speed up and simplify the installation.

Components: spray jet, goof plug, tubing stake, spike assembly, hose end closure, spray jet, poly riser, hole punch, pro hole punch.

Drippers (DRIP EMITTERS)

Drippers

DIG drippers are ideal for installations in both residential and commercial applications. They are classified into groups of pressure compensating (PC), noncompensating (button, flag, inline) and adjustable. When you are ready to install or extend your drip irrigation system, you may be surprised that there are so many different types of drippers, flow rates and shapes. What should you use, at what flow rate, and how many will you need? This section clarifies how to select the right dripper for your garden.

Pressure Compensating (PC) Drippers

The PC drippers contain a diaphragm that continuously adjusts to incoming water pressures while maintaining an even flow rate. The PC-CV has a special water saving feature that eliminates water drainage when the system is shut off and the pressure drops below 3 PSI. The PC drippers are available in 1, 2 and 4 GPH on a barb, .5 and 1 GPH on a barb with a built-in CV (check valve), and 1 and 2 GPH on a spike.

Types: PC dripper, PC CV dripper, PC dripper on a spike.

Button Drippers

Button drippers are available in .5, 1 or 2 GPH and operate at a pressure range of 15 to 25 PSI. They are good for sites with flat terrain, for short distances and for gravity feed systems on any type of planting. These drippers can be taken apart for cleaning by unscrewing the outlet from the base.

Types: button dripper.

Flag Drippers

Flag drippers are available in 1, 2 or 4 GPH and operate at a pressure range of 15 to 25 PSI. They are typically installed directly on top of the 1/2" poly tubing and the stem of the drip emitter may be twisted open for cleaning. If necessary, 1/4" micro tubing can be connected to the outlet to reach plants not adjacent to the 1/2" line. Flag drippers can be used for small systems with short planting run, for flat terrain, and with low-pressure gravity feed systems.

Types: flag dripper.

Inline Drippers

Inline drippers are available in .5 or 1 GPH and operate at a pressure range of 15 to 25 PSI. The barbed inlet and outlet are spliced into a single 1/4" line to wrap around plants or lay out in a straight line inside boxes and containers. The end of the line must be closed with a goof plug.

Types: inline drippers.

Adjustable Drippers

Adjustable stream drippers flow from 0 to 14 GPH @ 25 PSI and offer a gentle stream pattern in 180° or 360°. The flow rate, as well as the radius of the wetted area are adjustable by rotating the cap towards the plus or minus sign to lower or increase the flow. These drippers are available with barb or on a spike, and are used to water an individual shrub, planter boxes or a group of plants.

Types: adj. dripper, adj. dripper on spike.

Adjustable Bubbler

The adjustable bubbler on a spike flows from 0 to 28 GPH @ 25 PSI and provides a gentle stream umbrella pattern. The bubbler flow rate, as well as the radius of the wetted area are adjustable by rotating the cap towards the plus or minus sign to lower or increase the flow.

Type: adj. bubbler.

Micro Sprayers, Micro Sprinklers and Foggers

DIG provides a wide range of micro sprayers, micro sprinklers and foggers-- all designed to provide a low-volume, water-saving alternative to traditional sprinklers or for areas where drippers are not practical. These products provide a much slower application of water over typical sprinklers which allows for maximum soil absorption, helping to eliminate runoff and increase plant health.

Fogger/Mister

The fogger/mister with a threaded barb uses a vortex nozzle to create a fine and even spray pattern. It is used with a universal spike, adjustable stake or poly riser and is ideal for tropical plants, flowerbeds, seed germination and planter boxes.

Specifications: 5-7 GPH, 360°, 4-6' spray distance.

Type: fogger mister.

Micro Sprinkler

The multi-purpose and versatile micro sprinkler with interchangeable spray heads provides gentle droplets and a consistent pattern of up to 25' in full circle. It is a great choice for watering flowerbeds, groundcovers and under tree canopies. For the ideal coverage, simply install the appropriate spray head.

Specifications: 18 GPH, 360° up to 25', 180° up to 5.3', blue 90° up to 10', red strip up to 7.5', black.

Type: micro sprinkler.

Pot and Basket Mister

The pot and basket mister is ideal for misting or watering pots and hanging baskets. The vortex design spins the water droplets into a fine mist, producing micro-sized droplets in a small diameter area. Use it inside a pot by attaching it to a stake, or above the plants using the flex tubing mister.

Specifications: 2 GPH, 360°, up to 2' spray distance.

Type: pot and basket mister.

Micro Sprayer Jets

The sprayer jets with a threaded barb, or assembled with a 13" stake, produce spray streams in a range of patterns. They can be used for groundcover, flowerbeds and under trees with a spacing of four to eight feet apart.

Specifications: 13 GPH, 360° up to 18', 180° up to 7', blue 90° up to 8', black.

Types: micro sprayers.

Fan Sprayer Jets

The fan sprayers, assembled with 13" stakes, produce a low angle fan spray in a range of patterns. They can be used for groundcover, flowerbeds, hedges, perennials and under trees. Apply them in a spacing of three to five feet apart.

Specifications: 40 GPH, 360° up to 11', red 21 GPH, 180° up to 6', green 8 GPH, 90° up to 4', blue.

Types: fan sprayer jets.

Adjustable Micro Sprayer Jets

The adjustable micro sprayer jets are available with 10-32 thread or assembled with 13" stakes. They produce a spray jet pattern in full, half and quarter circles. The flow rate, as well as the radius of the wetted area are adjustable by rotating the cap towards the plus or minus sign to lower or increase the flow. They can be used for groundcover, flowerbeds, hedges, perennials and under trees with a spacing of five to eight feet apart.

Specifications: 0-26 GPH, 360° up to 21', 180° up to 10' R, 90° up to 9' R.

Types: spray jet, adjustable micro sprayer jets.

Mini Sprinkler

The mini sprinkler is assembled with micro tubing and a 13" stake. It produces a low-trajectory and high-uniformity spray coverage with a low precipitation rate. Easy to install, the mini sprinkler is highly recommended for use in flowerbeds, seedling beds, groundcovers or under tree canopies.

Specifications: 22 GPH, 360° up to 14', green.

Type: mini sprinkler.

Fogger

The fogger with a barb is ideal for misting, humidifying and cooling in residential gardens and greenhouses. The vortex design spins the water droplets into a very fine mist, producing micro-sized droplets. It can be used to reduce temperature, to humidify, or for where overhead watering is suggested.

Specifications: 2 GPH, 360°, up to 2' spray distance.

Type: fogger.

Flow Regulated Micro Sprinkler

The flow regulated micro sprinkler with micro tubing and a 13" stake is designed to achieve consistent flow rates and even uniformity in areas where pressure fluctuates, such as hillsides and on difficult terrain. The insect-proof micro sprinkler operates under a wide range of pressures from 20 to 50 PSI. It can be used for flowerbeds, seedling beds, ground covers or under tree canopies.

Specifications: 7 GPH, 360°, up to 16'.

Type: flow reg. micro sprinkler.

Adjustable Vortex Micro Sprayer

The adjustable micro sprayer on a 6" stake produces an inverted umbrella spray pattern. The flow rate, as well as the radius of the wetted area, are easily adjusted by rotating the cap towards the plus or minus sign to lower or increase the flow. It can be used for shrubs, flowerbeds, between groups of plants and under small trees.

Specifications: 0-20 GPH, 360°, 0-12' spray distance.

Type: micro sprayers.

Dripline & Soaker Hose

Dripline and Soaker Hose

DIG's dripline and soaker hose are specifically designed to efficiently irrigate groups of plants, vegetable gardens, or individual shrubs or trees. The 1/2" PC dripline and soaker tape are best used for hedge rows and long runs. The 1/4" microline dripline and porous soaker hose are ideal for watering raised beds, vegetable gardens, large containers and flower beds. All of these products saturate the soil underneath the entire length of the line.

EarthlineTM Brown PC Dripline

EarthlineTM Brown PC dripline has built-in 1 GPH PC (pressure compensating) drippers in the interior wall of the tubing every 12" or 18". Each emitter has two outlets. If one outlet becomes blocked, a second outlet on the opposing side of the dripline provides redundancy to the dripline performance. The drip emitters continuously adjust to varying incoming water pressures and ensure a constant flow rate regardless of elevation along the line. The drip emitter's self-flushing mode allows particles to flush through, providing reliable performance and longer life. Use 1/2" barbed fittings with this dripline and do not exceed a maximum recommended length of 369'.

Components: flag indicator, PVC pipe, barbed elbow, barbed conn., barbed tee, 1/2" barb. adapter, tubing stake, 1/2" PC Dripline, hose end closure.

MicrolineTM Dripline

MicrolineTM dripline is 1/4" micro tubing with .6 GPH @ 25 PSI drippers built into the wall of the micro tubing at intervals of 6, 9 or 12 inches. It can be used for vegetable gardens, window boxes, narrow paths of planted area or wherever total saturation is required.

Components: 1/2" poly tubing, 1/4" Microline Dripline, barbed connector.

Porous Soaker Hose

The 1/4" porous soaker hose is made from UV-resistant recycled rubber that provides 1.3 gallon per foot @ 25 PSI. It can be used for very short lines of up to 15 feet for row plantings, containers or planter boxes, and it can be connected with 1/4" barbed fittings.

Components: porous soaker hose, barbed connector.

Drip Soaker Tape

Drip soaker tape is an economical thin-walled drip soaker line designed for vegetable rows. The .6 GPH @ 25 PSI built-in drippers are spaced every 12" and used with soaker tape fittings #'s 27, 28, 29, 76 to a maximum recommended length of 280'.

Layout Schemes

Hills & slopes

Applying water to your plants only where it is needed, DIG's drip system slowly and directly waters plants' roots resulting in less water lost to runoff, evaporation and wind. Recommended product: 1/2" brown PC dripline.

Shrubs & trees

A healthy root zone for your trees and shrubs is essential to their growth and stability. DIG's drip system assists in establishing strong and healthy root zones by maintaining optimum soil moisture levels while saving water. Recommended product: Maverick 12-outlet manifold.

Healthier vegetable gardens

DIG's drip systems target the root area, helping to reduce pests and weed growth while increasing yields. Recommended product: 1/4" micro dripline.

Flourishing flower pots

DIG's adjustable sprayers and PC drippers offer excellent solutions for controlled amounts of water and maximum soil absorption--use under canopies of large shrubs. Recommended product: adj. dripper, PC drippers, button drippers.

Creative spaces

Flower beds and border plantings can often benefit from overhead watering. DIG's micro sprayers provide a slow application of water which promotes plant health and sustainability. Recommended product: spray jet, adj. spray jet.

Layout Examples

Grow Like a Pro

From potted plants to rose gardens, and everything in between, DIG is here to help you keep your plants healthy and strong. Watch your garden flourish with drip irrigation, without wasting water or breaking the bank.

Mixed plantings, roses, trees, vines and shrubs

Low application rate, pressure compensating (PC), button, flag, and adjustable drippers, and PC dripline are suited for virtually any layout with mixed plantings or oddly shaped areas and areas with high winds. These can include shrubs, groundcover, trees, vines, roses and more. Drippers and dripline are most efficiently used when plants are spaced a few feet apart or in a small group.

Ideal for this area: Pressure compensating (PC), button, adjustable, or flag drippers (#30 to #39); 1/2" brown PC dripline.

Flowerbeds, perennials and groundcover

Densely planted areas such as flowerbeds, annuals, groundcovers and plant clusters thrive with micro sprayers and micro sprinklers. These products are also perfect for slopes, narrow or curved landscapes and sites with sandy or lightly textured soil.

Ideal for this area: Micro sprinklers for full coverage (#40, #95, and #100); Adjustable micro sprayers (#91, #92 and #93) or preset micro sprayers (#43, #47, #48, #49 full range and #101) to water a selected section or area.

Container plants, raised beds, hanging baskets, pots & window boxes

Low application rate .5 and 1 GPH button drippers, 1/4" dripline, 1/4" soaker hose or misters are highly recommended for any layout with containers, raised beds, pots, baskets and window boxes. Foggers can also be used inside greenhouses for pots and hanging baskets when above-watering is desired. Potting soils are very porous and water can move downward quickly, so the correct emission device is critical, depending on plant size. We recommend dividing the containers, pots and hanging baskets into groups with similar sizes and similar watering needs. We also suggest dividing the containers, pots, baskets and window boxes into groups that are either in full sun or in shaded areas.

Ideal for this area: Low application rate .5 and 1 GPH button drippers (#30 to #37); 1/4" dripline (both porous and non-porous) with dripper spacings of 6", 9" or 12"; 1/4" porous soaker hose; Misters (#46, #99); Inline drippers (#31A, #37A).

Vegetable gardens, planter boxes and row crops

Low application rate drippers, 1/4" dripline, 1/2" brown PCTM dripline and drip soaker hose are suggested for vegetable gardens, row crops, seed beds, planter boxes and fruit trees. Combining drip irrigation with raised beds and mulch can enhance crop uniformity and encourage early harvest time. These products have the drippers inserted or molded into the drip tubing in a preset spacing of 6", 9", 12" or 18". Vegetable farms and raised beds often use closely spaced driplines to achieve desired wetting patterns. This saturates the soil under the length of the dripline or soaker hose, creating uniformity and growth along the dripline. Drip irrigation can be used in certified organic production. In some instances, the certifying agency may request a water analysis. For more information, please visit the National Organic Program (NOP) at www.ams.usda.gov/NOP.

Ideal for this area: Low application rate .5 and 1 GPH button drippers (#30, #31, #37); 1/4" dripline with a dripper spacing of 6", 9" or 12"; Brown PCTM dripline with 18" spacing; Drip soaker hose.

Drip starter kits

Water-Saving Kits for Every Landscape

Any of DIG's kits can be easily automated by adding a battery or solar powered hose end timer.

Watering timers

Automate Your System

DIG's innovative line of watering timers takes the daily hassle out of watering so less time is spent watering and more time is spent enjoying the garden. No matter how simple or intricate the watering schedule requirements, DIG has the perfect timer to suit the needs of any landscape!

Bluetooth® Hose End Timers

Control any number of DIG Bluetooth hose end timers through supported Android or iPhone smart devices from up to 50' (15 m), line of sight. Models: BOHE-BT.

Solar Powered Hose End Timers

No direct sunlight needed! Easily attaches to any standard faucet for automatic watering and offers versatile programming options. Ideal for both drip and sprinkler systems. Models: EVO 100.

Digital Hose End Timers

Battery operated timer with LCD display features an instant manual irrigation cycle. Durable and weather resistant; programming options include up to four start times per day. Model: BO9D, BO9DB.

Two Dial Digital Hose End Timers

Battery operated timer with LCD display features an instant manual irrigation cycle. Durable and weather resistant; programming options include up to four start times per day. Model: BO92A.

Single Station Solar Powered Timers

No electrical wires or batteries required. With its SimpleSmart™ technology, it adjusts watering schedules monthly to help eliminate over or under watering, ensuring a healthy landscape. Models: ECO1 ASV.75, ECO1 ILV.075.

Single Station Battery Powered Timers

Ideal solution for irrigation control when AC power is not available or when adding additional valves. Fully waterproof with versatile programming options, used for both drip and sprinkler systems. Models: RBC MVA, RBC 7000, RBC 8000.

PLANNING

STEP 1 Sketch the Area.

Make an accurate top view sketch of the areas to be watered. Ensure that the outline includes your home, any retaining walls, paved areas and water sources accurately and to scale. This will require measuring the area. We recommend using the graph paper to make drawing to scale easier. Each small square on this manual graph can represent one foot of your property (usually appropriate for residential landscapes), or you can use 1" graph = 10' of your area.

STEP 2 Determine the Soil Type.

A micro irrigation system is essentially a transportation system which delivers water to a point in or near the plant's root zone. The final link in this transporation system is the soil. The soil's physical and chemical properties determine its ability to transport as well as store water and nutrients.

Soil Matters

The soil is the reservoir for the plants' water and nutrients and the medium through which water and nutrients move. It provides the base in which the plants' roots are anchored. There are various types of soil with different characteristics which determine the proper plantings and the appropriate drippers, micro sprayers or micro sprinklers and flow rates to use. The heavier the soil, for example, the slower the water is absorbed and lower flow rate drip emitters, such as .5 or 1 GPH at a spacing of 18" to 24", should be used. The layout, spacing, dripper selection and flow rates would be different for heavy soil than for sandy soil.

Soil Type

To determine the type of soil in a given area, take a handful of dry soil, grip tightly and release.

Tip: For more precise information, consider having a soil test conducted. Many universities offer this service through their extension offices and master gardener programs.

Soil Absorption

Soil type affects water absorption. The right flow makes all the difference.

STEP 3 Select the Right Drippers and Spacing.

After reviewing the soil type, select the emission devices (drippers and micro sprayers page 11-18) for your planting, and then calculate the total flow rate of your system.

Dripper Spacing

Here's how to space your drippers in densly planted areas, based on soil type:

Note: See Chart A on page 33 for detail.

Micro Sprinkler Spacing

Various micro sprinkler types and their coverage:

Note: See Chart B on page 33 for detail.

STEP 4 Determine How Much Water Is Used.

To determine how much water is used in your system, you need to know the total flow for the installed area, section or zone of the installation. To start, add up the total number of drippers and their flow rates, and then use the same method for micro sprinklers and micro sprayers, if used.

Example: Calculating the total flow rates for this system

You installed a system with 2, 14 GPH micro sprinklers and 40 drippers, consisting of 20, 1 GPH and 20, 2 GPH.

Calculation:

The total flow rate for your system is 88 gallons per hour (GPH), or if dividing by 60, 1.46 Gallons Per Minute (GPM).

Plan for future planting expansion and plant growth: When plants mature, they may require more water. Watering times can be lengthened to meet those needs, but it is recommended that more drippers should be added to cover the maturing plant roots area. Also, new plants may be added to the landscape, so leave some room in the overall design by having about 20-30% more water capacity available. Using 3/4" faucets and 3/4" anti-siphon valves will almost always provide more than enough water for most home landscapes and garden installation.

TIP: Did you know that the maximum recommended flow rate for a single line of 1/2" poly tubing is 220 GPH (3.6 GPM)? If you exceed this recommended flow rate in your system, add another line of 1/2" poly tubing to your zone or section to double the system size from the same water source.

TIP: Did you know that the recommended flow rate for any section or zone using a 3/4" valve is around 540 GPH (9 GPM)?

STEP 5 Determine Watering Frequency Guidelines

DRIPPER WATERING SCHEDULE

TYPE OF PLANT LENGTH OF WATERING WATER EVERY HOT WATER EVERY WARM WATER EVERY COOL
Flower, vegetables 30 min - 1 hr 1 - 2 days 3 days 3 - 4 days
Small trees, shrubs 1 - 2 hours 1 - 2 days 2 - 3 days 3 - 4 days
Vines 3 - 6 hours 1 - 2 days 2 - 3 days 3 - 4 days
Medium trees, shrubs 5 - 7 hours 2 - 3 days 2 - 3 days 4 - 5 days
Large trees, shrubs 6 - 8 hours 1 - 2 days 2 - 3 days 5 - 6 days
Pots to 15" 3 - 5 minutes 1 - 2 days 2 - 3 days 4 - 5 days
Pots over 15" 5 - 10 minutes 1 - 2 days 2 - 3 days 4 - 5 days

MICRO SPRINKLER SCHEDULE

PLANT TYPE LENGTH OF WATERING WATER EVERY HOT WATER EVERY WARM WATER EVERY COOL
Flowerbeds, groundcover 30 min - 1 hr 1 - 2 days 3 days 3 - 4 days
Small trees 1 - 2 hours 2 - 3 days 4 - 5 days 3 - 4 days
Medium trees 2 - 3 hours 2 - 3 days 4 - 5 days 3 - 4 days
Large trees 2 - 5 hours 2 - 3 days 4 - 5 days 4 - 5 days
Greenhouses, hothouses 5 - 10 minutes 2 times/day 2 times/2 days 1 time/2 days

Charts

Chart A: Dripper Spacing

Determine where to use, number of drippers needed, and spacing (review drippers on pages 11-12)

Plant Type

Chart B: Micro Sprinkler, Micro Sprayer & Fogger Suggestions

Determine where to use micro sprinklers, micro sprayers or foggers depending on coverage (review on pages 13-16)

Chart C: Dripline, Microline and Soaker Hose Suggestions

Determine where to use dripline (review on pages 17-18)

Chart D: Maximum Length of 1/2" Poly Tubing with PC Drippers

Dripper Flow Rate & Locator # Dripper Spacing 1' 2' 3' 4' 5'
1 GPH (Locator # 30, 38, 34) 1 GPH 320' 530' 670' 820' 970'
2 GPH (Locator # 30, 38, 34) 2 GPH 190' 310' 420' 510' 610'
4 GPH (Locator # 30, 38, 34) 4 GPH 120' 200' 250' 320' 450'

Example: If you use PC dripper #30 (1 GPH), you can run 320 ft. of 1/2" poly tubing, spacing the drippers 1' apart.

Chart E: Maximum Length of 1/2" Poly Tubing with Button and Flag Drippers

Dripper Flow Rate & Locator # Dripper Spacing 1' 2' 3' 4' 5'
1 GPH (Locator # 31, 37, 32) 1 GPH 140' 230' 310' 350' 400'
.5 GPH (Locator # 31, 37, 32) .5 GPH 195' 320' 430' 525' 610'
2 GPH (Locator # 31, 37, 32) 2 GPH 80' 145' 175' 230' 270'
1 GPH (Locator # 35) 1 GPH 125' 220' 300' 330' 370'

Basic Installation Steps

Outdoor Faucet Connections

Connect the backflow device #10 to the faucet or to a Y hose splitter #1 and attach the filter #13. Next, install a pressure regulator #4, followed by a 3/4" swivel adapter #18 (fig. 1a). If using DIG's Add-ItTM Fertilizer Injector, install the injector after the backflow preventer. (fig. 1b). If using a battery powered timer (model BOHE-BT -see fig. 2-, BO9D or BO92A), or solar powered timer (EVO100, fig. 3), install the backflow preventer after the timer. If an RBC 7000 timer (fig. 4) is selected, use the hose fittings included with the timer. All the "hose" type threads should be turned clockwise until "hand tight" only. Tightening with a wrench is not recommended and should not be necessary.

Existing Mainline Connections

DIG battery operated & solar timers and AC valves can also be connected to a PVC mainline. If a PVC mainline is used but it is not accessible, consult with a plumber to advise or to install one for you. First select which type of control valve to install, AC (electric) or DC (battery/solar). DIG provides battery & solar operated inline valves, anti-siphon valves, or AC valves, all suitable for this type of installation. If the design calls for more than one valve or timer, install the same type for each zone. This may require building a manifold with a series of tees branching off to each valve. Install a manual shut-off valve on the mainline upstream of any valve to simplify maintenance or repairs in the future.

Inline Below-Ground Connections

For installation below ground, use an inline battery operated timer, model RBC 7000 (Fig. 5), or inline 24VAC (electric) valve assembly, model DM075 (fig. 6). Install the controller or the valve assembly inside a standard rectangular irrigation valve box and complete the head assembly by attaching a Y filter #3 first, then a pressure regulator #5. Use a swivel adapter #16 to connect the poly tubing to the assembly. If PVC pipe is used, use a 3/4" PVC female adapter. Please note that AC valve installations will involve running underground control wires back to an electric controller.

Above-Ground Connections

Above-ground valve/timer options include model RBC MVA connected into a plastic or brass manual anti-siphon valve, model RBC 8000 (fig. 7), a battery operated timer with an anti-siphon valve, or model ECO1 ASV.075 (fig. 8), a solar powered timer with an anti-siphon valve. Install the anti-siphon valve into a 3/4" riser that is 7"-10" above grade and 6"-8" above the highest dripper, sprayer or sprinkler on the zone. Complete the assembly by connecting a 3/4" Y filter #3, and a pressure regulator #5, or pressure regulating filter #2 to the downstream outlet. Attach a 3/4" swivel adapter #16 (if using poly tubing), or 3/4" PVC female adapter if using PVC pipe.

Fitting Installation with 1/2" Poly Tubing

The most common fittings used to connect the 1/2" (.700" OD) poly tubing are the compression fittings (black) which fit over the outside diameter of the tubing. DIG's compression fittings are color coded by size to fit the different outside diameters (OD) of 1/2" poly tubing. To connect the 1/2" poly, hold the fitting in one hand and the poly tubing in the other and force the end of the poly tubing into the fitting by "walking" or "wiggling" it in until the end is about 1/2" inside the fitting (fig. 9). To connect various sizes of 1/2" poly tubing with different ODs, use our reducer coupling #15A (fig. 10) for TORO Blue StripeTM (.710" OD) and #15 for RaindripTM (.620" OD) or use Universal Nut LockTM fittings #73, #74, and #75 (fig. 11) to connect any size of 1/2" tubing. To use the Universal Nut LockTM fittings, remove and insert the nut over the poly tubing. Insert the barb side of the nut lock into the inside of the poly tubing, and insert the other side of the barb into the nut lock housing. Then thread the nut lock onto the housing to secure. In addition, DIG's 17 mm brown barbed fittings can be used with the brown PC dripline and with the poly tubing.

Basic Punch

DIG offers different punches to "punch" the holes in the 1/2" poly tubing for the installation of 1/4" barbs, drippers, micro sprinklers, micro tubing, etc. When installing a small number of drippers, use the basic punch #52 (fig. 12). To use the basic punch, hold the poly tubing in one hand. Hold the punch in the free hand and press the tip into the tubing while twisting the tool creating a hole in the poly tubing.

Deluxe Punch

For large number of drippers and for ease of installation, use the deluxe punch #51 (fig. 13) which provides greater leverage and more accuracy. To use the large deluxe punch, first insert the poly tubing into the punch. Then squeeze the handles together to create the hole.

Dripper Installation

Drippers installation methods:

  1. Directly into the 1/2" poly tubing
  2. At the end of the micro tubing

1. Directly into Poly Tubing

When plants are close to the mainline, install drippers directly into 1/2" poly tubing (fig 14). Punch a hole in the 1/2" poly tubing. Snap the barb side of the dripper into the poly tubing. Make sure that the minimum spacing between the drippers is not less than 10".

2. At End of Micro Tubing

Install the drippers at the ends of the micro tubing to reach plants that are not adjacent to the 1/2" poly tubing or that are in a container. First, attach a barb to one end of the micro tubing. Second, insert the barb into the punched hole in the 1/2" poly tubing. Cut the micro tube to length and insert the dripper into the end of the micro tubing and place it close to the plant (fig 15 & fig 16). Secure the dripper in place with a #57 or #67 micro tubing holder stake.

Drip Tip: Water during the early morning hours when cooler temperatures and less wind minimize evaporation. Check the drippers and sprayers frequently and adjust so only the desired area is watered.

Mini sprinklers and Micro Sprinklers

Mini sprinklers and micro sprinklers are available in 360° patterns and are pre-assembled with a 13" spike, 24" micro tubing and 1/4" barb for maximum flexibility. They offer uniform coverage with a 10' to 25' wetting diameter. To install, simply punch a hole in the 1/2" poly tubing and snap the 1/4" barb into the hole in the poly tubing. The micro sprinklers should be elevated a minimum of 8" above the ground for optimal uniformity and coverage.

Micro Sprayers

Micro sprayers are available with various spray patterns such as 90°, 180° or 360°; for details see page 13-16. They can be used with a PE riser assembly #58, poly riser assembly #58A, universal spike assembly #69 or riser assembly with 1/2" male base #84. To install either one, punch a hole in the 1/2" poly tubing and insert the 1/4" barb or thread at the end of the micro tubing into the poly tubing or use the thread option on PVC pipe. The micro sprayers should be raised a minimum of 4"-8" above the ground for the best uniformity and coverage.

Adjustable Micro Sprayers

Adjustable micro sprayers are available in 90°, 180° and 360° spray patterns with an adjustable flow range of 0-26 GPH with wetting diameter of up to 20'. Consider using them along the perimeter of pathways, on flowerbeds or groundcovers. To install, punch a hole in the 1/2" poly tubing and snap the 1/4" barb of the assembly into the poly tubing.

Foggers & Misters

Foggers and misters emit water in fine droplets with low flow rates (.8-7 GPH). This makes them ideal for slowly saturating the soil in baskets, large pots, or containers so the water is more evenly absorbed. They are available with thread #43, a stake #46, memory-flex tubing #46, and with a barb #99. Fogger #99 is also used on patios and around pools for cooling. To install, first insert a barb into a 1/4" micro tubing. Punch a hole in the poly tubing and insert the barb. Then, run the micro tubing to the plant, cut it, attach the fogger and secure with a stake. To use the 1/4" micro tubing as the mainline, run the 1/4" micro tubing to the plant and secure it using a 1/4" C-clamp #54. Cut the micro tubing and connect a 1/4" tee #26. Connect another piece of micro tubing to the tee and lay it out into the container. Attach a fogger into the micro tubing and secure it to the pot or basket.

Earthline Brown PCTM Dripline

The Earthline Brown PC dripline is recommended to be installed on the soil's surface and it can be covered with mulch to make it less conspicuous and blend in with the landscape. Earthline Brown PCTM Dripline can be installed in planters, islands or on any landscaped areas. To connect the dripline to the 1/2" poly tubing, use the brown barbed coupling #78, barbed tee #79 or barbed elbow #80, and to close the end of the dripline, use end cap #71 or figure "8" hose end #55. To start the Earthline Brown PCTM dripline from a 1/2" riser, use sprinkler #3 riser-to-drip conversation or conversion elbow #63 with a pressure regulator #4 and swivel adapter #18. Connect the dripline to the swivel adapter and lay the dripline out to water the plants next to the tube. We recommend using dripline in 12" spacing between the lines on sandy soil, 12" to 18" between the lines on loamy soil and 18" to 24" on clay soil for the best coverage.

MicrolineTM Dripline Installation

The 1/4" dripline is available in 6", 9" and 12" spacing and it is a great choice for use in vegetable gardens or flowerbeds. To install it, DIG recommends using 1/2" poly tubing as the main supply line, running perpendicular to the garden rows. Connect a barb connector #25 into the end of the 1/4" dripline. Punch a hole in the 1/2" poly tubing at the connection point of each row, and insert the open end of the barb connector. After running the 1/4" dripline down the row, use a goof plug #56 to close the end and secure the dripline using a #62 or #62B stake. For vegetable rows more than 2' apart, run one line of micro dripline per row. If the rows are less than 2' apart, place the 1/4" dripline between every two rows. We highly recommend using a 25 PSI pressure regulator with this system.

Pop-Up Flag Indicator

The Pop-Up Flag Indicator is a simple solution that solves a common criticism of drip irrigation which is not being able to clearly see when the system is running. The flag indictor presents a visual confirmation from a distance that your drip irrigation system is on and operating. The red flag indicator "pops up" and provides a visual signal that the drip system is operating, and it retracts when the system is off.

Retrofit Drip Riser Adapter Installations

The drip riser adapter #90 provides a simple way to connect 1/4" dripline or micro tubing to an existing sprinkler system. This option is perfect for irrigating container plants, groundcover or shrubs that are not covered by the nearby standard spray head. Any plant that needs supplemental irrigation will benefit from this system. The existing spray head or pop-up nozzle can be reconnected to the 1/2" male pipe threads on top of the drip riser adapter without affecting the sprinkler's performance. To install, unscrew the spray nozzle from the top of the riser and momentarily open the system valve to flush the line. Connect the drip riser adapter #90 until hand tight. Reattach the spray head to the top of the drip riser adapter. Lay out the 1/4" micro tubing from the riser to the plant(s) and cut to the desired length. Push the end of the micro tubing onto the outlet barb on the riser adapter. At the end of the micro tubing, install the appropriate emission device.

Initial System Start-Up

Before running your drip system for the first time, it is highly recommended to flush out the lines. To do so, leave all ends of the 1/2" poly tubing open, turn the water on and open the system valve for a minute or two. This will flush out any debris that may be in the system. Close the end of the line by using either the figure "8" hose end #55 or end cap #71. Check to see that the drippers and micro sprinklers are operating correctly and that there are no leaks. If leakage occurs on the 1/2" poly tubing at the base of a dripper or micro sprinkler, remove that dripper/micro sprinkler, and insert a goof plug #56 to close the hole. Then punch a new hole nearby and reinsert the dripper or micro sprinkler barb into the new hole.

System Maintenance

Inspect the system periodically to ensure that the drippers or micro sprinklers are not clogged, and that there are no breaks or leaks that can decrease pressure. Filter screens should be flushed and cleaned from time to time, depending on water quality. Checking the filter one week after the installation would give you an idea on how often to schedule a filter cleaning. During freezing weather, we recommend draining the poly tubing, or rolling it up and storing it. Remove the end caps and open the hose ends to flush the line once a year. As the landscape matures you may need to add, change, raise or remove drippers or micro sprinklers.

Winterizing Your Irrigation System

  1. When freezing weather is anticipated, simply turn off your main water supply to the irrigation system and make sure that the backflow device, valves, filter, pressure regulator, pipe, sprinklers, drip hose, and drippers are free of water.
  2. After the main water supply is shut down, run the timer/ controller through its normal watering cycle. This will allow each of the valves to open and relieve water pressure on the main line and valves. Allow the lines to drain slightly. After the timer/controller runs through its cycles, turn the controller off, or to Rain Off position.
  3. Through the height of winter leave the system off and drained. Water your plants with hose only. In most cases, there is enough moisture in the ground from rain to sustain the plants during the extreme winter months.

Glossary

Quick reference index

TIMERS & CONTROLLERS

TUBING & DRIPLINE

WATER CONNECTIONSTM

FITTINGSTM

DRIPPERSTM

MICRO SPRAYERSTM

ACCESSORIESTM

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