Rasberi Pi SC1631 Rasberi Microcontroller Manual

Babi na 1: Gabatarwa
Jerin RP2350 yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan fakiti daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da jerin RP2040. RP2350A da RP2354A sun zo cikin kunshin QFN-60 ba tare da kuma tare da ajiyar filasha na ciki bi da bi ba, yayin da RP2354B da RP2350B suka zo a cikin kunshin QFN-80 tare da kuma ba tare da ajiyar filasha ba.

Babi na 2: Iko
Silsilar RP2350 tana da sabon juzu'i mai sauyawa akan guntutage regulator da biyar fil. Wannan mai sarrafa yana buƙatar abubuwan haɗin waje don aiki amma yana ba da ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki a mafi girman magudanar ruwa idan aka kwatanta da mai tsara layin layi a cikin jerin RP2040. Kula da hankalin amo a cikin VREG_AVDD fil wanda ke ba da da'irar analog.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene babban bambanci tsakanin RP2350A da RP2350B?
A: Babban bambanci ya ta'allaka ne a gaban ma'ajiyar filasha ta ciki. RP2350A bashi da ma'ajiyar filasha ta ciki yayin da RP2350B yayi.
Tambaya: fil nawa ne voltage mai tsarawa a cikin jerin RP2350 suna da?
A: Voltage mai tsarawa a cikin jerin RP2350 yana da fil biyar.

Ƙirar kayan aiki tare da RP2350 Amfani da RP2350 microcontrollers don gina alluna da samfurori.

Colophon

Wannan takaddun yana da lasisi a ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙirƙira-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND). ranar ginawa: 2024-08-08 sigar ginawa: c0acc5b-mai tsabta
Sanarwa na karya doka

BAYANIN FASAHA DA DOMIN AMINCI DON SAMUN SAUKI PI (HADA DA DATASHEETS) KAMAR YADDA AKE GYARA DAGA LOKACI ZUWA LOKACI ("KASUWA") ANA BAYAR DA RASPBERRY PI LTD ("RPL") "KAMAR YADDA" DA DUKAN BAYANAI, KO BANGASKIYA, BAYANAI. TO, GARANTIN SAUKI DA KYAUTA DON MUSAMMAN MANUFAR AN RA'AYI. ZUWA MATSALAR DOKAR DOKA BABU WATA FARUWA DA RPL ZAI IYA HANNU GA DUK WANI SHARRI GASKIYA, GASKIYA, MAFARKI, MUSAMMAN, MISALI, KO SAMUN ILLOLIN (HADA, AMMA BAI IYA IYAKA BA; , DATA , KO RIBA; KO KASANCEWAR KASUWANCI) DUK DA YA SA KUMA AKAN KOWANE KA'IDAR LAHADI, KO A CIKIN kwangila, MULKI, KO AZABA (HAMI DA sakaci ko IN BA haka ba) FARUWA ta kowace hanya daga gare mu. IRIN WANNAN LALACEWAR.
RPL tana da haƙƙin yin kowane haɓakawa, haɓakawa, gyare-gyare ko kowane gyare-gyare ga RESOURCES ko kowane samfuran da aka bayyana a cikinsu a kowane lokaci kuma ba tare da ƙarin sanarwa ba.
An yi nufin RESOURCES don ƙwararrun masu amfani da matakan da suka dace na ilimin ƙira. Masu amfani ke da alhakin zaɓin su da amfani da RESOURCES da kowane aikace-aikacen samfuran da aka bayyana a cikinsu. Mai amfani ya yarda ya ramuwa da riƙe RPL mara lahani ga duk haƙƙoƙi, farashi, diyya ko wasu asara da suka taso daga amfani da su na RESOURCES.

RPL yana ba masu amfani izini don amfani da RESOURCES kawai tare da samfuran Rasberi Pi. An haramta duk sauran amfani da RESOURCES. Babu lasisi da aka bayar ga kowane RPL ko wani haƙƙin mallakar fasaha na ɓangare na uku.
AYYUKAN HADARI MAI KYAU. Ba a tsara samfuran Raspberry Pi, ƙera su ko an yi nufin amfani da su a cikin mahalli masu haɗari waɗanda ke buƙatar gazawar aiki lafiya, kamar a cikin ayyukan makaman nukiliya, kewayawa jirgin sama ko tsarin sadarwa, sarrafa zirga-zirgar iska, tsarin makamai ko aikace-aikacen aminci mai mahimmanci (ciki har da tallafin rayuwa). tsarin da sauran na'urorin likitanci), wanda gazawar samfuran na iya haifar da mutuwa kai tsaye, rauni na mutum ko mummunar lalacewar jiki ko muhalli ("Ayyukan Haɗari"). RPL musamman yana ƙin duk wani bayani ko garanti na dacewa don Babban Ayyukan Haɗari kuma yana karɓar wani alhaki don amfani ko haɗa samfuran Rasberi Pi a cikin Babban Ayyukan Haɗari.

Ana ba da samfuran Rasberi Pi bisa ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin RPL. Samar da RPL na RESOURCES baya faɗaɗa ko in ba haka ba ya canza Madaidaitan Sharuɗɗan RPL gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga ƙin yarda da garantin da aka bayyana a cikinsu ba.

Babi na 1. Gabatarwa

Hoto 1. KiCad 3D na Ma'anar RP2350A Ƙananan ƙira example

Lokacin da muka fara gabatar da Rasberi Pi RP2040, mun kuma fitar da ƙirar 'ƙaramin' tsohonample da jagorar jagorar ƙirar Hardware tare da RP2040 wanda da fatan ya bayyana yadda za a iya amfani da RP2040 a cikin kwamiti mai sauƙi, da kuma dalilin da yasa aka zaɓi zaɓin sassa daban-daban. Tare da zuwan jerin RP235x, lokaci ya yi da za a sake duba ainihin ƙirar RP2040 mafi ƙanƙanta, da sabunta shi don lissafin sababbin siffofi, da kuma kowane bambance-bambancen kunshin; RP2350A tare da kunshin QFN-60, da RP2350B wanda shine QFN-80. Hakanan, waɗannan ƙirar suna cikin tsarin Kicad (7.0), kuma suna samuwa don saukewa (https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2350/Minimal-KiCAD.zip).

Karamin Hukumar
Asalin ƙaramin allo shine ƙoƙari na samar da ƙirar ƙira mai sauƙi, ta amfani da ƙaramin ƙaramin abubuwan waje da ake buƙata don gudanar da RP2040 kuma har yanzu ana fallasa duk IO da samun dama. Wannan ya ƙunshi ainihin tushen wutar lantarki (mai daidaita layin layi na 5V zuwa 3.3V), oscillator crystal, ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya, da haɗin IO ( soket ɗin micro USB da masu kai na GPIO). Sabon jerin RP235x Ƙananan allon allo iri ɗaya ne, amma tare da wasu canje-canje masu mahimmanci saboda sabon kayan aikin. Baya ga wannan, kuma duk da ci gaba da ɗan ƙaramin yanayin ƙira, Na ƙara maɓallai biyu don bootsel da gudu, tare da keɓaɓɓen taken SWD, wanda yakamata ya zama ƙwarewar gyara kuskuren da ba ta da daɗi sosai a wannan lokacin. Zane-zane ba sa magana da gaske suna buƙatar waɗannan maɓallan, ana samun sigina a kan masu kai, kuma ana iya barin su idan kun kasance musamman tsada ko sanin sararin samaniya, ko kuma kuna da halayen masochistic.

RP2040 vs RP235x jerin
Mafi bayyananne canji yana cikin fakitin. Ganin cewa RP2040 shine 7x7mm QFN-56, jerin RP235x a halin yanzu yana da mambobi daban-daban guda huɗu. Akwai na'urori guda biyu waɗanda ke raba fakitin QFN-60 iri ɗaya; RP2350A wanda ba ya ƙunshi ma'ajiyar filasha ta ciki, da RP2354A wanda ke da shi. Hakazalika, QFN-80 kuma yana zuwa cikin dandano biyu; RP2354B tare da filashi, da RP2350B ba tare da. Na'urorin QFN-60 da RP2040 na asali suna raba gado ɗayatage.

Kowannensu yana da GPIO 30, huɗu daga cikinsu kuma suna da alaƙa da ADC, kuma girmansu ya kai 7x7mm. Duk da wannan, RP2350A ba shine maye gurbin RP2040 ba, saboda adadin fil akan kowannensu ya bambanta. Sabanin haka, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na QFN-80 yanzu suna da GPIO 48, kuma takwas daga cikinsu yanzu suna iya ADC. Saboda haka, yanzu muna da ƙananan alluna guda biyu; daya don na'urori 60 fil, ɗaya kuma na 80. Waɗannan ƙananan allunan an tsara su da farko don sassan da ba tare da filasha na ciki ba (RP2350), duk da haka ana iya amfani da ƙirar tare da na'urorin filasha na ciki (RP2354) ta hanyar cire filasha a kan jirgin kawai. ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ko ma amfani da ita azaman na'urar filasha ta biyu (ƙari akan wannan daga baya). Akwai ɗan bambanci tsakanin allunan biyu, ban da gaskiyar sigar QFN-80 tana da layuka masu tsayi na kan kai don ɗaukar ƙarin GPIO, don haka hukumar ta fi girma.

Baya ga kunshin, babban bambancin matakin allo tsakanin jerin RP235x da RP2040 sune kayan wuta. Jerin RP235x yana da wasu sabbin fitilun wuta, da kuma wani mai sarrafa na ciki daban. An maye gurbin mai sarrafa layin layi na 100mA na RP2040 tare da mai daidaitawa na 200mA, don haka, yana buƙatar wasu takamaiman kewayawa, kuma babu ƙaramin kulawa da aka ɗauka tare da shimfidar wuri. Ana ba da shawarar sosai cewa ku bi tsarin tsarin mu da zaɓin ɓangaren mu; mun riga mun shiga cikin zafin yin gyare-gyare da yawa na ƙirar, don haka da fatan ba dole ba ne.

Hoto 2. KiCad 3D ma'anar ma'anar RP2350B Ƙananan ƙira example

Zane
Manufar mafi ƙarancin ƙira examples shine ƙirƙirar alluna biyu masu sauƙi ta amfani da jerin RP235x, waɗanda yakamata su kasance masu rahusa kuma ana iya keɓance su, ba tare da amfani da fasahar PCB masu ban sha'awa ba. Don haka ƙananan allunan ƙira biyu ne, ta yin amfani da abubuwan da ya kamata su kasance da yawa, kuma duk suna hawa saman saman allon. Duk da yake zai yi kyau a yi amfani da manyan, sassauƙan kayan aikin siyar da hannu, ƙaramin farar guntuwar QFN (2mm) yana nufin cewa yin amfani da wasu abubuwan 0.4 (0402 metric) ba zai yuwu ba idan za a yi amfani da duk GPIOs. Duk da yake kayan aikin 1005 na hannun hannu ba su da ƙalubale sosai tare da ingantaccen ƙarfe na siyarwa, yana da kusan ba zai yuwu a siyar da QFNs ba tare da ƙwararrun kayan aiki ba.

A cikin ƴan sashe na gaba, zan yi ƙoƙarin bayyana abin da ƙarin da'irar ke nufi, da fatan yadda muka zo don yin zaɓin da muka yi. Kamar yadda a zahiri zan yi magana game da ƙira daban-daban guda biyu, ɗaya don kowane girman fakitin, Na yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye abubuwa cikin sauƙi kamar yadda zan iya. Kamar dai yadda zai yiwu, duk nassoshi na bangarorin allon biyu iri ɗaya ne, don haka idan na koma ga U1, R1, da sauransu, to yana da dacewa daidai da allunan biyu. Bangaren bayyane shine lokacin da ɓangaren ke kan ɗayan allon kawai (a kowane yanayi, wannan zai kasance akan bambance-bambancen 80 mafi girma), to ɓangaren da ake tambaya zai kasance akan ƙirar QFN-80 kawai; domin misaliample, R13 kawai ya bayyana akan wannan allo.

Babi na 2. Iko

Kayan wutar lantarki na jerin RP235x da RP2040 sun bambanta da ɗan lokaci a wannan lokacin, kodayake a cikin tsari mafi sauƙi, har yanzu yana buƙatar kayayyaki biyu, 3.3V da 1.1V. Jerin RP235x a lokaci guda sun fi fama da yunwar ƙarfi, saboda yana da mafi girman aiki, kuma suna da ƙarfi (lokacin da ke cikin ƙarancin wutar lantarki) fiye da wanda yake gaba da shi, don haka an haɓaka mai sarrafa madaidaiciya akan RP2040 tare da mai sarrafa sauyawa. Wannan yana ba mu damar ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi a mafi girman igiyoyin ruwa (har zuwa 200mA idan aka kwatanta da 100mA a baya).

Sabon on-chip voltage kayyadewa

Hoto 3. Sashe na tsari yana nuna da'irar mai gudanarwa na ciki

Mai sarrafa layi na RP2040 yana da fil biyu, shigarwar 3.3V, da fitarwa na 1.1V don samar da DVDD akan guntu. Wannan lokacin, mai sarrafa jerin RP235x yana da fil biyar, kuma yana buƙatar wasu abubuwan waje don yin aiki. Duk da yake wannan ya zama ɗan ƙaramin mataki na baya dangane da amfani, mai sarrafa sauyawa yana da advantage na kasancewa mafi ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki a mafi girma na igiyoyin kaya.

Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, mai sarrafa na'urar yana kunna da kashe transistor na ciki da sauri wanda ke haɗa ƙarfin shigarwar 3.3V.tage (VREG_VIN) zuwa fil VREG_LX, kuma tare da taimakon inductor (L1) da na'urar fitarwa (C7), zai iya samar da wutar lantarki ta DC.tage wanda aka sauko da shi daga shigarwar. Fitin VREG_FB yana lura da abin da ake fitarwa voltage, kuma yana daidaita rabon kunnawa/kashewa na sake zagayowar, don tabbatar da cewa vol da ake buƙatatage ana kiyayewa. Yayin da ake jujjuya manyan igiyoyin ruwa daga VREG_VIN zuwa VREG_LX, ana buƙatar babban capacitor (C6) kusa da shigarwar, don haka ba mu damun wadatar 3.3V da yawa. Da yake magana game da waɗannan manyan magudanar wutar lantarki, mai sarrafa kuma ya zo tare da nasa haɗin dawo da ƙasa, VREG_PGND. Hakazalika tare da VREG_VIN da VREG_LX, tsarin wannan haɗin yana da mahimmanci, kuma yayin da VREG_PGND dole ne ya haɗa zuwa babban GND, dole ne a yi shi ta yadda duk manyan magudanar ruwa suna komawa kai tsaye zuwa fil ɗin PGND, ba tare da damu da sauran ba. GND yayi yawa.

Fitin na ƙarshe shine VREG_AVDD, wanda ke ba da da'irar analog a cikin mai gudanarwa, kuma wannan yana da matukar damuwa ga amo.

Hoto 4. Sashin tsari yana nuna tsarin PCB na mai gudanarwa

Tsarin tsarin mai sarrafawa a kan ƙananan allunan kusa da madubi na Rasberi Pi Pico 2. Babban aikin aiki ya shiga cikin zane na wannan kewaye, tare da yawancin abubuwan da ake bukata na PCB don yin shi da kyau kamar yadda muka yiwu. iya. Yayin da za ku iya sanya waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma har yanzu kuna samun mai gudanarwa don 'aiki' (watau samar da fitarwa vol.tage a daidai matakin da ya dace, yana da kyau don samun lambar da ke gudana), mun gano cewa mai sarrafa mu yana buƙatar kulawa ta hanyar da ta dace don ci gaba da farin ciki, kuma da farin ciki, ina nufin samar da daidaitaccen fitarwa vol.tage ƙarƙashin kewayon kaya na halin yanzu.
Yayin da muke yin gwaje-gwajenmu akan wannan, mun ɗan ɗan yi takaici don tunatar da mu cewa ba za a iya yin watsi da duniyar da ba ta dace da ilimin lissafi ba. Mu, a matsayinmu na injiniyoyi, mun fi ƙoƙari mu yi daidai wannan; sassauƙa ɓangarorin, yin watsi da (sau da yawa) kaddarorin jiki marasa mahimmanci, a maimakon haka mu mai da hankali kan kadarorin da muke sha'awar.ample, mai sauƙi resistor ba wai kawai yana da juriya ba, har ma da inductance, da dai sauransu. A cikin yanayinmu, mun (sake) gano cewa inductor yana da filin maganadisu da ke hade da su, kuma mahimmanci, yana haskakawa a cikin wata hanya dangane da ta wace hanya ce coil. shi ne rauni, da kuma alkiblar magudanar ruwa. An kuma tunatar da mu cewa inductor mai 'cikakkun' kariya ba ya nufin abin da kuke tsammani zai iya. Filin maganadisu yana raguwa sosai, amma wasu har yanzu suna tserewa. Mun gano cewa za a iya inganta aikin mai gudanarwa sosai idan inductor ya kasance 'hanyar da ta dace'.
Sai dai ya zama cewa filin maganadisu da ke fitowa daga “hanyar da ba daidai ba” inductor yana yin katsalandan ga na’ura mai sarrafa kayan aiki (C7), wanda hakan ke tayar da jijiyoyin da ke cikin RP2350. Tare da inductor a cikin daidaitawar da ta dace, da kuma daidaitaccen tsari da zaɓin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a nan, to wannan matsalar ta tafi. Babu shakka za a sami wasu shimfidu, abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, da sauransu, waɗanda za su iya aiki tare da inductor a kowace hanya, amma da alama za su yi amfani da sararin PCB da yawa don yin hakan. Mun samar da wannan tsarin da aka ba da shawarar don ceton mutane sa'o'in injiniya da yawa da muka kashe don haɓakawa da kuma tace wannan ƙarami da ingantaccen tsari.
Ƙari ga batu, za mu yi nisa da cewa idan kun zaɓi kada ku yi amfani da tsohon muample, to, ku yi haka a kan hadarin ku. Da yawa kamar yadda muka riga muka yi tare da RP2040 da da'irar crystal, inda muka nace (da kyau, bayar da shawarar sosai) kuna amfani da wani yanki (za mu sake yin haka a cikin sashin crystal na wannan takaddar).
Jagorancin waɗannan ƙananan inductor an yi watsi da shi sosai a duk duniya, tare da fuskantar juzu'in jujjuyawar da ba za a iya cirewa ba, sannan kuma an rarraba su ba tare da kayyadewa ba tare da ɗimbin abubuwa. Yawancin lokuta ana iya samun manyan ƙararrakin inductor suna da alamun polarity akan su, duk da haka ba za mu iya samun waɗanda suka dace ba a cikin girman shari'ar 0806 (2016 metric) da muka zaɓa. Don wannan ƙarshen, mun yi aiki tare da Abracon don samar da ɓangaren 3.3μH tare da digo don nuna polarity, kuma mafi mahimmanci, zo a kan dunƙule tare da su duka sun daidaita daidai. Ana samar da TBD (ko kuma ba da daɗewa ba) ga jama'a daga masu rarrabawa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, samar da VREG_AVDD yana da matukar damuwa ga hayaniya, don haka yana buƙatar tacewa. Mun gano cewa yayin da VREG_AVDD ke zana kusan 200μA kawai, tacewar RC na 33Ω da 4.7μF ya isa.
Don haka, don sake fasalin, abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su za su kasance…
- C6, C7 & C9 - 4.7μF (0402, 1005 metric)
- L1 - Abracon TBD (0806, metric 2016)
- R3 - 33Ω (0402, metric 1005)
Takardar bayanan RP2350 yana da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan shawarwarin shimfidar tsari, da fatan za a duba Abubuwan Abubuwan Waje da buƙatun shimfidar PCB.

Shigar da kayan aiki

Haɗin wutar lantarki don wannan ƙira ta kasance ta hanyar 5V VBUS fil na mai haɗa Micro-USB (mai lakabi J1 a Hoto 5). Wannan hanya ce ta gama-gari ta ƙarfafa na'urorin lantarki, kuma yana da ma'ana a nan, kamar yadda RP2350 ke da aikin USB, wanda za mu yi waya zuwa fil ɗin bayanan wannan haɗin. Kamar yadda muke buƙatar kawai 3.3V don wannan ƙira (samar da 1.1V ta fito ne daga ciki), muna buƙatar rage wadatar USB mai shigowa 5V, a cikin wannan yanayin, ta amfani da wani, vol na waje.tage mai tsarawa, a wannan yanayin mai sarrafa layi (aka Low Drop Out regulator, ko LDO). Da yake a baya ya ɗaukaka kyawawan halaye na yin amfani da ingantaccen tsarin sauyawa, zai iya zama zaɓi mai hikima don amfani da ɗaya anan ma, amma na zaɓi don sauƙi. Da fari dai, yin amfani da LDO kusan koyaushe yana da sauƙi. Babu wani lissafin da ake buƙata don gano girman inductor ya kamata ku yi amfani da shi, ko girman girman ƙarfin fitarwa, kuma shimfidar wuri yawanci ya fi sauƙi kuma. Na biyu, ceton kowane digo na mulki ba shine manufar nan ba; idan haka ne, zan yi la'akari sosai da yin amfani da mai sarrafa sauyawa, kuma za ku iya samun tsohonampna yin haka akan Rasberi Pi Pico 2. Kuma na uku, Zan iya kawai ' aro' da'irar da na yi amfani da ita a baya akan sigar RP2040 na ƙaramin allo. NCP1117 (U2) da aka zaɓa a nan yana da ƙayyadaddun fitarwa na 3.3V, yana samuwa a ko'ina, kuma yana iya samar da har zuwa 1A na yanzu, wanda zai kasance mai yawa ga yawancin kayayyaki. Duban takaddun bayanai na NCP1117 yana gaya mana cewa wannan na'urar tana buƙatar capacitor 10μF akan shigarwar, da kuma wani akan fitarwa (C1 da C5).

Decoupling capacitors

Hoto 6. Sashe na ƙididdiga yana nuna abubuwan shigar da wutar lantarki na RP2350, voltage regulator da decoupling capacitors

Wani bangare na ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki shine masu haɓakawa da ake buƙata don RP2350. Waɗannan suna ba da ayyuka na asali guda biyu. Na farko, suna tace karar wutar lantarki, na biyu kuma, suna samar da cajin gida wanda na'urorin da ke cikin RP2350 za su iya amfani da su a takaice. Wannan yana hana voltage matakin a kusa da kai tsaye daga faɗuwa da yawa lokacin da buƙatar yanzu ta karu ba zato ba tsammani. Domin, saboda wannan, yana da mahimmanci a sanya decoupling kusa da fil ɗin wuta. A al'ada, muna ba da shawarar amfani da capacitor na 100nF a kowane fil ɗin wuta, duk da haka, mun kauce wa wannan doka a cikin wasu lokuta biyu.

Hoto 7. Sashe na shimfidar wuri yana nuna hanyar RP2350 da ƙaddamarwa

Da fari dai, don samun isasshen sarari don dukkan guntuwar da za a iya fitar da su, nesa da na'urar, dole ne mu daidaita tare da adadin abubuwan da za mu iya amfani da su. A cikin wannan zane, fil 53 da 54 na RP2350A (filin 68 da 69 na RP2350B) suna raba capacitor guda ɗaya (C12 a cikin Hoto 7 da Hoto 6), saboda babu ɗaki mai yawa a wancan gefen na'urar, da kuma abubuwan da aka haɗa. kuma shimfidar tsarin mai gudanarwa suna ɗaukar fifiko.
Wannan rashin sararin samaniya za a iya ɗan shawo kansa idan muka yi amfani da fasaha mai rikitarwa/tsada, kamar ƙananan sassa, ko PCB mai Layer huɗu tare da abubuwan da ke sama da ƙasa. Wannan ciniki ne na ƙira; mun rage hadaddun da tsada, a kudi na samun kasa decoupling capacitance, da capacitors wanda ya dan kadan nesa daga guntu fiye da mafi kyau duka (wannan yana ƙara inductance). Wannan na iya samun tasirin iyakance iyakar saurin da ƙira zai iya aiki a kai, azaman voltage wadata na iya yin hayaniya da faɗuwa ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin da aka yardatage; amma ga yawancin aikace-aikacen, wannan cinikin ya kamata ya zama karɓuwa.

Sauran sabawa daga ka'idar 100nF shine don mu kara inganta voltage mai tsara aikin; muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da 4.7μF don C10, wanda aka sanya shi a wancan gefen guntu daga mai sarrafawa.

Babi na 3. Flash Memory

Filashin farko

Hoto 8. Sashe na tsari yana nuna ƙwaƙwalwar filasha ta farko da kebul_BOOT

Domin samun damar adana lambar shirin da RP2350 ke iya taya da gudu daga gare ta, muna buƙatar yin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar filashi, musamman, ƙwaƙwalwar filasha ta quad SPI. Na'urar da aka zaɓa a nan ita ce na'urar W25Q128JVS (U3 a cikin Hoto 8), wanda ke da guntu 128Mbit (16MB). Wannan shine mafi girman girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda RP2350 zai iya tallafawa. Idan takamaiman aikace-aikacenku baya buƙatar adadin ajiya, to ana iya amfani da ƙaramin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai rahusa maimakon.
Kamar yadda wannan bus ɗin na iya zama mitar mitoci kuma ana amfani da shi akai-akai, ya kamata a haɗa filayen QSPI na RP2350 kai tsaye zuwa walƙiya, ta amfani da gajerun hanyoyin haɗi don kiyaye amincin siginar, da kuma rage yawan magana a cikin kewaye. Crosstalk shine inda sigina akan gidan yanar gizo ɗaya zai iya haifar da volt maras sotages akan da'irar maƙwabta, mai yuwuwar haifar da kurakurai.

Alamar QSPI_SS lamari ne na musamman. Ana haɗa shi da filasha kai tsaye, amma kuma yana da resistors guda biyu (da kyau, huɗu, amma zan zo kan wancan daga baya) suna haɗa su. Na farko (R1) shi ne ja-har zuwa 3.3V wadata. Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar walƙiya tana buƙatar shigarwar guntu-zaɓi ta kasance a daidai voltage a matsayin fil ɗin samar da wutar lantarki na 3.3V yayin da na'urar ke da ƙarfi, in ba haka ba, ba ta aiki daidai. Lokacin da aka kunna RP2350, fil ɗinsa na QSPI_SS za ta zama ta atomatik zuwa cirewa, amma akwai ɗan gajeren lokaci yayin kunnawa inda ba za a iya tabbatar da yanayin fil ɗin QSPI_SS ba. Bugu da ƙari na resistor-up yana tabbatar da cewa wannan buƙatu koyaushe za ta cika. Ana yiwa R1 alama a matsayin DNF (Kada Ka Dace) akan tsari, kamar yadda muka gano cewa tare da wannan na'urar filasha ta musamman, cirewar waje ba lallai bane. Koyaya, idan aka yi amfani da filasha daban, yana iya zama mahimmanci don samun damar saka resistor 10kΩ anan, don haka an haɗa shi kawai idan akwai.
Na biyu resistor (R6) shine resistor 1kΩ, an haɗa shi da maɓallin turawa (SW1) mai lakabin 'USB_BOOT'. Wannan saboda ana amfani da fil ɗin QSPI_SS azaman 'madaurin boot'; RP2350 yana bincika ƙimar wannan I/O yayin jerin taya, kuma idan aka same shi a matsayin ma'ana 0, to RP2350 ya koma yanayin BOOTSEL, inda RP2350 ke gabatar da kanta azaman na'urar ma'ajiya ta USB, kuma ana iya kwafi lambar kai tsaye. zuwa gare shi. Idan kawai muka danna maɓallin, za mu ja QSPI_SS fil zuwa ƙasa, kuma idan na'urar ta sake saita na'urar daga baya (misali ta hanyar jujjuya fil ɗin RUN), RP2350 za ta sake farawa a yanayin BOOTSEL maimakon ƙoƙarin gudanar da abubuwan da ke cikin filasha. Waɗannan resistors, R2 da R6 (R9 da R10 suma), yakamata a sanya su kusa da guntuwar filasha, don haka mu guji ƙarin tsayin waƙoƙin tagulla waɗanda zasu iya shafar siginar.
Duk abubuwan da ke sama sun shafi RP2350 musamman, wanda ba shi da walƙiya na ciki. Tabbas, na'urorin RP2354 suna da ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya na ciki na 2MB, don haka ƙwaƙwalwar U3 na waje ba a buƙata ba, don haka U3 za a iya cire shi cikin aminci daga makircin, ko kuma kawai a bar shi ba tare da jama'a ba. A kowane ɗayan waɗannan lokuta, za mu so mu ci gaba da haɗa maɓallin USB_BOOT zuwa QSPI_SS, ta yadda za mu iya shigar da yanayin taya USB.

Na biyu flash ko PSRAM

Jerin RP235x yanzu yana goyan bayan na'urar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta biyu ta amfani da fil ɗin QSPI iri ɗaya, tare da GPIO yana ba da ƙarin zaɓin guntu. Don haka, idan muna amfani da RP2354 (wanda ke da filasha na ciki), to muna iya amfani da U3 azaman filasha na biyu, ko ma musanya shi da na'urar PSRAM. Domin yin wannan, muna buƙatar cire haɗin QSPI_SS daga U3, maimakon haka mu haɗa shi zuwa GPIO mai dacewa maimakon. GPIO mafi kusa mai iya zama guntu zaɓe (XIP_CS1n) shine GPIO0, don haka ta hanyar cire 0Ω daga R10, da daidaita shi zuwa R9, yanzu zamu iya samun damar U3 ban da filasha akan guntu. Domin cikakken ɗaukar advantage na wannan fasalin, inda muke da na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na waje guda biyu domin ƙananan RP2350 marasa walƙiya su amfana, mafi girma daga cikin ƙananan allunan guda biyu, don RP2350B, sun haɗa da sawun zaɓi na zaɓi (U4) don ƙarin guntu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.

Hoto 9. Sashin tsari yana nuna na'urar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta sakandare na zaɓi

Don samun damar amfani da wannan na'urar, tabbas za a sami yawan jama'a , da R11 (0Ω), da R13 (10KΩ). Ƙarin R11 yana haɗa GPIO0 (siginar XIP_CS1n) zuwa guntu zaɓi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na biyu. Babu shakka ana buƙatar abin da ke kan guntu zaɓen fil a wannan lokacin, saboda yanayin GPIO0 na tsoho ya kamata a ja shi ƙasa da ƙarfi, wanda zai sa na'urar filasha ta mu ta gaza. Hakanan za'a buƙaci C22 don samar da rarraba wutar lantarki na gida don U4.

Taimakon kwakwalwan kwamfuta
Jerin binciken filasha na farko, wanda ƙasa ke amfani da shi don cire s na biyutage daga walƙiya, yana amfani da umarnin karanta serial na 03h, tare da adireshin 24-bit, da agogon serial na kusan 1MHz. Yana sake zagayawa ta hanyar haɗuwa huɗu na polarity na agogo da lokacin agogo, yana neman ingantaccen s na biyu.tage CRC32 checksum.
Kamar yadda na biyu stage yana da 'yanci don saita aiwatar-in-wuri ta amfani da umarnin karanta serial na 03h iri ɗaya, RP2350 na iya aiwatar da aiwatar da filasha a cikin wuri tare da kowane guntu mai goyan bayan serial na 03h tare da adireshin 24-bit, wanda ya haɗa da yawancin na'urori masu walƙiya-25. . SDK yana ba da exampda second stage don CPOL = 0 CPHA = 0, a https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk/blob/master/src/rp2350/boot_stage2/boot2_generic_03h.S. Don tallafawa shirye-shiryen walƙiya ta amfani da abubuwan yau da kullun a cikin ƙasa, na'urar kuma dole ne ta amsa umarni masu zuwa:

02h 256-byte shirin shafi
05h status rajista karanta
06h saita rubuta kunna latch

20h 4kB shafe sashen

RP2350 kuma yana goyan bayan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan SPI biyu da hanyoyin samun damar QSPI. Domin misaliample, https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk/blob/master/src/rp2350/boot_stage2/boot2_w25q080.S yana saita na'urar jerin Winbond W25Q don yanayin karatun quad-IO mai ci gaba, inda RP2350 ke aika adiresoshin quad-IO (ba tare da prefix na umarni ba) kuma filasha ta amsa da bayanan quad-IO.

Ana buƙatar wasu taka tsantsan tare da yanayin XIP mai walƙiya inda na'urar filasha ta daina amsa daidaitattun umarnin serial, kamar yanayin ci gaba da karanta Winbond da aka ambata a sama. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala lokacin da aka sake saita RP2350, amma na'urar filasha ba ta yin keken keke, saboda filasha ba zai amsa jerin binciken filasha na bootrom ba. Kafin fitar da karatun serial na sa'o'i 03, bootrom koyaushe yana fitar da tsayayyen jeri mai zuwa, wanda shine mafi kyawun tsari don dakatar da XIP akan kewayon na'urorin filasha:

CSn=1, IO[3:0]=4'b0000 (ta hanyar ja da baya don gujewa jayayya), fitowar ×32 agogo
CSn = 0, IO [3: 0] = 4'b1111 (ta hanyar jawo sama don guje wa jayayya), fitowar × 32 agogo
CSn=1

CSn=0, MOSI=1'b1 (kore low-Z, duk sauran I/Os Hi-Z), fitowan ×16 agogo

Idan na'urar da kuka zaɓa ba ta amsa wannan jerin ba yayin da ake ci gaba da karantawa, to dole ne a adana ta a cikin yanayin da kowane canja wuri ya kasance prefixed ta jerin umarni, in ba haka ba RP2350 ba zai iya murmurewa ba bayan sake saiti na ciki.
Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan QSPI, da fatan za a duba Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na QSPI (QMI) a cikin bayanan RP2350.

Babi na 4. Crystal Oscillator

Hoto 10. Sashin tsari yana nuna oscillator crystal da masu ɗaukar nauyi

A taƙaice, RP2350 baya buƙatar tushen agogo na waje, saboda yana da nasa oscillator na ciki. Koyaya, kamar yadda mitar wannan oscillator na ciki ba a bayyana da kyau ko sarrafa shi ba, ya bambanta daga guntu zuwa guntu, haka kuma tare da nau'ikan wadata vol.tages da yanayin zafi, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da tsayayyen tushen mitar waje. Aikace-aikacen da suka dogara da madaidaicin mitoci ba zai yiwu ba tare da tushen mitar waje ba, USB shine babban example.
Samar da tushen mitar waje za a iya yi ta ɗayan hanyoyi biyu: ko dai ta hanyar samar da tushen agogo tare da fitowar CMOS (square wave na IOVDD vol.tage) cikin fil ɗin XIN, ko ta amfani da kristal 12MHz da aka haɗa tsakanin
XIN da XOUT. Yin amfani da crystal shine zaɓin da aka fi so a nan, saboda duka suna da arha kuma daidai.

Crystal da aka zaɓa don wannan ƙira ita ce ABM8-272-T3 (Y1 a cikin Hoto 10). Wannan shine kristal 12MHz iri ɗaya da aka yi amfani da shi akan Rasberi Pi Pico da Rasberi Pi Pico 2. Muna ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da wannan crystal tare da kewayawa mai rakiyar don tabbatar da cewa agogon yana farawa da sauri a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi ba tare da lalata crystal kanta ba. crystal yana da juriyar mitar 30ppm, wanda yakamata yayi kyau don yawancin aikace-aikace. Tare da juriyar mitar +/- 30ppm, yana da matsakaicin ESR na 50Ω, da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na 10pF, duka biyun suna da tasiri kan zaɓin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.
Don kristal don yin oscillate a mitar da ake so, masana'anta sun ƙayyade ƙarfin ƙarfin da yake buƙata don yin hakan, kuma a wannan yanayin, 10pF ne. Ana samun wannan ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi ta hanyar sanya capacitors guda biyu daidai da ƙimar, ɗaya a kowane gefen crystal zuwa ƙasa (C3 da C4). Daga kristal ta batu na view, waɗannan capacitors an haɗa su a jere tsakanin tashoshi guda biyu. Ka'idar kewayawa ta asali tana gaya mana cewa sun haɗa don ba da ƙarfin (C3*C4)/(C3+C4), kuma kamar yadda C3=C4, to kawai C3/2 ne. A cikin wannan example, mun yi amfani da 15pF capacitors, don haka jerin haɗuwa shine 7.5pF. Bugu da ƙari ga wannan ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi na niyya, dole ne mu ƙara ƙima don ƙarin ƙarfin da ba a yi niyya ba, ko ƙarfin parasitic, wanda muke samu daga waƙoƙin PCB da XIN da XOUT fil na RP2350. Za mu ɗauka darajar 3pF don wannan, kuma yayin da wannan ƙarfin ya kasance daidai da C3 da C4, kawai muna ƙara wannan don ba mu jimlar nauyin 10.5pF, wanda ke kusa da manufa na 10pF. Kamar yadda kuke iya gani, ƙarfin tasirin abubuwan PCB abu ne mai mahimmanci, saboda haka muna buƙatar kiyaye su ƙanana don kada mu damu da crystal kuma mu dakatar da shi kamar yadda aka yi niyya. Gwada kuma kiyaye shimfidar wuri a takaice gwargwadon yiwuwa.
La'akari na biyu shine matsakaicin ESR (daidaitaccen juriya) na crystal. Mun zaɓi na'urar da ke da matsakaicin 50Ω, kamar yadda muka gano cewa wannan, tare da 1kΩ series resistor (R2), ƙima ce mai kyau don hana kristal yin tuƙi da lalacewa yayin amfani da IOVDD. Babban darajar 3.3V. Duk da haka, idan IOVDD bai wuce 3.3V ba, to, an rage karfin halin yanzu na XIN/XOUT fil, kuma za ku ga cewa ampLitude na crystal yana da ƙasa, ko ƙila ma ba zai iya murɗawa ba kwata-kwata. A wannan yanayin, za a buƙaci amfani da ƙaramin ƙimar jerin resistor. Duk wani karkacewa daga da'irar crystal da aka nuna anan, ko tare da matakin IOVDD ban da 3.3V, zai buƙaci gwaji mai yawa don tabbatar da cewa crystal yana oscillate a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi, kuma yana farawa da sauri sosai don kada ya haifar da matsala tare da aikace-aikacenku.

Nasihar crystal

Don ƙirar asali ta amfani da RP2350 muna ba da shawarar amfani da Abracon ABM8-272-T3. Domin misaliample, ban da ƙaramin ƙira example, duba tsarin tsarin hukumar Pico 2 a cikin Shafi B na Rasberi Pi Pico 2 Datasheet da ƙirar Pico 2 files.
Don mafi kyawun aiki da kwanciyar hankali a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na yau da kullun, yi amfani da Abracon ABM8-272-T3. Kuna iya samo ABM8-272-T3 kai tsaye daga Abracon ko daga mai siyar da izini. An daidaita Pico 2 musamman don ABM8-272-T3, wanda ke da cikakkun bayanai masu zuwa:

Ko da kun yi amfani da kristal tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuna buƙatar gwada kewaye akan kewayon yanayin zafi don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali.
Ana yin amfani da oscillator crystal daga IOVDD voltage. A sakamakon haka, da Abracon crystal da kuma musamman damping resistor suna kunna don aiki na 3.3V. Idan kuna amfani da IO voltage, kuna buƙatar sake kunnawa.
Duk wani canje-canje zuwa sigogin crystal yana haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin kowane abubuwan da aka haɗa zuwa da'irar crystal.

Idan ba za ku iya samo kristal da aka ba da shawarar kai tsaye daga Abracon ko mai siyarwa ba, tuntuɓi applications@raspberrypi.com.

Babi na 5. IOs

USB
Hoto 11. Sashe na tsari yana nuna filolin USB na RP2350 da ƙarewar jerin

RP2350 yana ba da fil biyu don amfani da cikakken gudu (FS) ko ƙananan gudu (LS) USB, ko dai a matsayin mai watsa shiri ko na'ura, ya danganta da software da ake amfani da ita. Kamar yadda muka riga muka tattauna, RP2350 kuma na iya yin taya azaman na'urar ma'ajiya ta USB, don haka haɗa waɗannan fil ɗin zuwa mai haɗin USB (J1 a cikin Hoto 5) yana da ma'ana. USB_DP da USB_DM fil akan RP2350 ba sa buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan cirewa ko ja da baya (an buƙata don nuna saurin gudu, FS ko LS, ko mai watsa shiri ne ko na'ura), saboda an gina waɗannan a cikin I/Os. Koyaya, waɗannan I/Os ɗin suna buƙatar 27Ω jerin ƙarewar resistors (R7 da R8 a cikin Hoto 11), an sanya su kusa da guntu, don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun igiyoyin USB.
Ko da yake RP2350 yana iyakance ga ƙimar bayanan cikakken sauri (12Mbps), ya kamata mu gwada kuma mu tabbatar da cewa ƙayyadaddun halayen layin watsawa (hanyoyin jan ƙarfe da ke haɗa guntu zuwa mai haɗawa) suna kusa da
Bayanin USB na 90Ω (ana auna daban). A kan allo mai kauri 1mm irin wannan, idan muka yi amfani da waƙoƙi mai faɗi na 0.8mm akan USB_DP da USB_DM, tare da tazarar 0.15mm a tsakanin su, yakamata mu sami bambancin halayen halayen kusan 90Ω. Wannan shi ne don tabbatar da cewa sigina za su iya tafiya tare da waɗannan layin watsawa da tsafta kamar yadda zai yiwu, rage girman voltage tunani wanda zai iya rage mutuncin siginar. Domin wadannan layukan sadarwa su yi aiki yadda ya kamata, muna bukatar tabbatar da cewa kai tsaye a karkashin wadannan layukan akwai kasa. Wani yanki mai ƙarfi, wanda ba ya katsewa na jan ƙarfe na ƙasa, yana shimfiɗa duk tsawon waƙar. A kan wannan ƙira, kusan gabaɗayan layin jan ƙarfe na ƙasa an sadaukar da shi ga ƙasa, kuma an ɗauki kulawa ta musamman don tabbatar da cewa waƙoƙin USB ba su wuce komai ba sai ƙasa. Idan an zaɓi PCB mai kauri fiye da 1mm don ginin ku, to muna da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu. Za mu iya sake sabunta layin watsa na USB don rama mafi nisa tsakanin hanya da ƙasa a ƙasa (wanda zai iya zama rashin yiwuwar jiki), ko kuma mu yi watsi da shi, kuma muna fatan mafi kyau. USB FS na iya zama mai gafartawa sosai, amma nisan tafiyarku na iya bambanta. Yana yiwuwa ya yi aiki a yawancin aikace-aikace, amma mai yiwuwa ba zai yi biyayya ga ma'aunin USB ba.

Kawunan kai na I/O

Hoto 12. Sashe na tsari yana nuna 2.54mm I/O kan sigar QFN60

Baya ga mai haɗin USB da aka riga aka ambata, akwai nau'i-nau'i biyu na layi na 2.54mm (J2 da J3 a cikin Hoto 12), ɗaya a kowane gefen allon, wanda aka haɗa sauran I / O. Akwai GPIO 30 akan RP2350A, yayin da akwai GPIO 48 akan RP2350B, don haka masu kai kan wannan sigar ƙaramin allo sun fi girma don ba da izinin ƙarin fil (duba Hoto 13).
Da yake wannan ƙirar manufa ce ta gabaɗaya, ba tare da takamaiman aikace-aikace ba, an samar da I/O don haɗawa kamar yadda mai amfani ke so. Layi na ciki na fil akan kowane kai shine I/Os, kuma layin na waje duk suna da alaƙa da ƙasa. Yana da kyau a haɗa da filaye da yawa akan masu haɗin I/O. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, da kuma samar da wadatattun hanyoyin dawowa don magudanar ruwa da ke tafiya zuwa ko daga magudanar ruwa.
Haɗin I/O. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don rage tsangwama na lantarki wanda za'a iya haifar da shi ta hanyar dawowar igiyoyin saurin sauya sigina suna ɗaukar dogon lokaci, hanyoyin madauki don kammala kewaye.

Duk masu kai biyu suna kan grid 2.54mm iri ɗaya, wanda ke sa haɗa wannan allon zuwa wasu abubuwa, kamar allon burodi, sauƙi. Kuna iya yin la'akari da dacewa da kan layi guda ɗaya kawai maimakon kan layi biyu, rarraba tare da layin waje na haɗin ƙasa, don sa ya fi dacewa dacewa da allon burodi.

Hoto 13. Sashe na tsari yana nuna 2.54mm I/O kan sigar QFN80

Gyara mai haɗawa

Hoto 14. Sashe na tsari yana nuna mai haɗin JST na zaɓi don gyara kuskuren SWD

Don gyara kurakurai akan guntu, kuna iya haɗawa da haɗin SWD na RP2350. Fil guda biyu, SWD da SWCLK, ana samun su akan jigon 2.54mm, J3, don ba da damar bincikar kuskuren zaɓin da kuka zaɓa don haɗawa cikin sauƙi. Baya ga wannan, Na haɗa da wani zaɓi na JST na zaɓi, wanda ke ba da damar haɗi mai sauƙi zuwa Rasberi Pi Debug Probe. Ba kwa buƙatar amfani da wannan, masu kai na 2.54mm za su ishi idan kuna da niyyar cire software, amma na ga ya fi dacewa don yin hakan. Na zabi mahaɗin da ke kwance, galibi saboda ina son kamanninsa, ko da ba a gefen allo ba ne, amma akwai na tsaye, duk da ɗan sawun sawun daban.

Buttons
Ƙananan ƙira yanzu ya ƙunshi ba ɗaya ba, amma maɓallai biyu, inda sigar RP240 ba ta da. Ɗayan don zaɓin boot ɗin USB kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, amma na biyu shine maɓallin 'sake saiti', wanda aka haɗa har zuwa fil ɗin RUN. Babu ɗayan waɗannan ba lallai ba ne (ko da yake dole ne a maye gurbin maɓallin BOOTSEL da mai kai ko makamancin haka idan ana buƙatar yanayin taya na USB), kuma ana iya cire shi idan sarari ko farashi yana da damuwa, amma tabbas suna yin amfani da RP2350 mai nisa. more m kwarewa.