NETCONF & YANG API Orchestration
Jagora
Buga
2023-07-07
SAKI 4.2
Gabatarwa
Manufar Wannan Takardun
Wannan takaddun yana bayyana yadda ake haɗa Paragon Active Assurance tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙan sabis na cibiyar sadarwa ta Cibiyar Sarrafa NETCONF & YANG API. Hannu-on exampAna ba da manyan ayyukan da ke tattare da su, gami da: ƙirƙira da tura Wakilan Gwaji na Farko, gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da masu saka idanu, da kuma dawo da sakamako daga waɗannan ayyukan.
A cikin wannan takaddar, ana amfani da ncclient na Python NETCONF wanda ke samuwa a cikin aikin mawaƙa.
Taro
Ana amfani da gajarce masu zuwa a cikin wannan takarda:
| Gajarta | Ma'ana |
| CLI | Rukunin Layin Umurni |
| EM | Manajan Element |
| ES | Kuskure Na Biyu |
| MEP | MEG (Rukunin Ƙarshen Kulawa) Ƙarshen Ƙarshen (ITU-T Y.1731 ma'anar) ko Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Kulawa (Ma'anar Cisco) |
| NFV | Ƙungiyar Wizon Gidan Hanya |
| NFVO | Mai Gudanar da Haɓaka Ayyukan Sadarwa |
| NSD | Bayanin Sabis na hanyar sadarwa |
| RPC | Kiran Tsarin Nisa |
| SIP | Ka'idar Ƙaddamar da Zama |
| SLA | Yarjejeniyar Matsayin Sabis |
| Farashin S-VNFM | Manajan VNF na musamman |
| VNF | Virtual Network Aiki |
| vTA | Wakilin Gwaji Mai Kyau |
Bayanan kula akan Daidaituwar Baya
A cikin nau'ikan 2.35.4/2.36.0 na NETCONF & YANG API, an ƙara tabbatar da wasu buƙatun don bin ƙa'idar NETCONF. Wannan yana nufin cewa lambar abokin ciniki dangane da tsoffin juzu'in wannan jagorar ana iya ƙila yanzu.
Don misaliample, a baya Python exampda lambar, ba a bayar da sifa ta sarari ba. Ana buƙatar ba da sararin sunan yanzu a cikin buƙatar XML a duk lokacin da kake son canza hanyar ConfD.
Abubuwan da ake bukata da Shirye-shirye
Shigar da ConfD
ConfD (samfurin daga Tail-f) ana amfani da shi azaman tsaka-tsaki tsakanin tsarin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon da NETCONF. ConfD yana haɗa ƙayyadaddun tabbatarwa na Paragon Active da bayanan aiki zuwa NETCONF & YANG API.
Ya kamata a shigar da ConfD tare da software na Cibiyar Kulawa, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Jagorar Shigarwa.
Tabbatar da Cewa ConfD Yana Gudu
Don tabbatar da cewa ConfD yana aiki kuma yana gudana, gudanar da umarni
ssh -s @localhost -p 830 netconf
don duba cewa ConfD ya amsa akan tashar jiragen ruwa 830. A cikin umarnin, shine kamar yadda mai amfani da netconf ya bayyana
umarni a cikin Jagorar Shigarwa, sashe Sanya ConfD. Ba da kalmar sirri da aka ayyana ta umarni iri ɗaya.
A cikin fitarwa, tabbatar da cewa an haɗa tsarin Cibiyar Kulawa. Fitowar ya kamata ta ƙunshi layi kamar haka:
http://ncc.netrounds.com?module=netrounds-ncc& bita=2017-06-15
Aiki tare da Kanfigareshan Database tare da Sarrafa Cibiyar
A ƙarshe, muna buƙatar sabunta bayanan daidaitawa ta hanyar NETCONF. Za mu yi haka a nan ta hanyar ɗakin karatu na Python mai suna ncclient ( NETCONF Client ). Koyaya, ana iya aiwatar da aikin a cikin wani yaren shirye-shirye na daban muddin yana amfani da ka'idar NETCONF/YANG.
Matsayin ncclient shine yin aiki azaman abokin ciniki zuwa uwar garken ConfD wanda ke karɓar NETCONF/YANG API.
Yana da kyau a nuna cewa ncclient ba shi da alaƙa ta kowace hanya zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa (a baya "Cibiyar Kula da Ƙungiyoyin Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar"), kodayake sunan ya fara da "ncc".
Anan ga yadda ake shigar da ncclient:
- Zazzage software daga https://github.com/ncclient/ncclient.
- Gudun wannan umarni: pip install ncclient
Yanzu za mu iya yin aiki tare kamar haka. Lura a hankali cewa ana buƙatar yin wannan akan wata kwamfuta daban, kuma ba akan uwar garken Cibiyar Kula da kanta ba:
#
# NOTE:
# Wannan rubutun yana aiki azaman abokin ciniki zuwa ConfD yana gudana akan sabar NCC.
# Zai yi amfani da NETCONF/YANG API don sadarwa.
NOTE: Hakanan ana buƙatar wannan hanya a duk lokacin da aka shigar da Wakilan Gwaji da rajista ba tare da NETCONF ba. Dubi bayanin kula a sashin “Overview na Wakilin Gwajin Orchestration” a shafi na 17 don ƙarin bayani.
Ƙirƙirar Ƙididdiga Masu Tabbaci Mai Aiki na NETCONF
Matakan da ke ƙasa ana buƙatar kawai idan kuna son saita ƙarin asusun Assurance na Paragon Active wanda NETCONF za ta sarrafa, ban da asusun da aka saita ta wannan hanyar a cikin Jagorar Shigarwa, sashe "Shigar da ConfD".
Ga kowane irin wannan asusun, ci gaba kamar haka:
- A Cibiyar Sarrafa, shiga cikin asusun kuma kewaya zuwa Asusu> Izini.
- Ƙara mai amfani"confd@netrounds.com", kuma ba da izini ga wannan mai amfani na ConfD a cikin GUI ta danna maɓallin gayyata.
- Daidaita bayanan daidaitawa tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sashin "Aiki tare da Bayanan Kanfigareshan tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa" a shafi na 4.
Ya kamata a yanzu ku sami damar sarrafa ma'ajin Assurance Active Paragon da yawa tare da mai amfani da ConfD iri ɗaya.
NOTE: Da zarar ka fara sarrafa asusun Assurance na Paragon Active ta hanyar ConfD, ba dole ba ne ka yi canje-canje ga wannan asusun ta hanyar web GUI dangane da kowane fasalulluka na Tabbacin Aiki na Paragon da ke “daidaitacce” (duba babin “Ayyukan Taimako a cikin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon” a shafi na 9). Idan kun yi, asarar daidaitawa zai haifar.
Gabatarwa zuwa NETCONF Orchestration API
Ƙarsheview
NFVO na ɓangare na uku ko mawaƙan sabis shine galibi ɓangaren da ke fara gwaji da zaman sa ido ta amfani da API ɗin Cibiyar Kulawa. Wannan mawaƙa kuma yana maido da sakamakon ma'aunin da aka tara daga ayyukan Wakilin Gwaji. Ana iya dawo da KPI na ayyuka ta Tsarin Gudanar da Ayyuka na ɓangare na uku, yayin da abubuwan da suka faru - da zarar an jawo su ta hanyar cin zarafi da aka saita a Cibiyar Kulawa - ana iya aikawa zuwa tsarin Gudanar da Laifi na ɓangare na uku.
Don taƙaitawa, hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda Paragon Active Assurance ke hulɗa tare da wasu tsarin ɓangare na uku a cikin yanayin OSS.
- NFVO/Mai Gudanar da Sabis: Ya umurci Manajan VNF don tura vTAs kuma ya daidaita Tabbacin Aiki na Paragon a cikin sarkar sabis. Da zarar an kunna sabis ɗin, ƙungiyar makaɗa tana amfani da API zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa don haifar da gwaje-gwajen kunna sabis da dawo da sakamakon wucewa/ gazawa. Idan an wuce gwaje-gwajen, mawaƙa za su yi amfani da API zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa don fara sa ido kan sabis. Ana dawo da KPIs daga sa ido akai-akai ko dai ta ƙungiyar makaɗa ko ta wani dandamalin Gudanar da Aiyuka daban.
- Cibiyar Sarrafa: Ana turawa, ma'auni, da kuma ƙare vTA kamar yadda NFVO ko ƙungiyar mawaƙan sabis suka umarta.
- Tsarin Gudanar da Ayyuka ko Tsarin Gudanar da Ingancin Sabis: Yana karanta KPIs daga sa ido mai aiki ta API ɗin Cibiyar Kulawa.
- Tsarin Gudanar da Kuskure: Yana karɓar NETCONF, SNMP, ko sanarwar imel daga Cibiyar Kulawa idan an keta SLAs.
Ma'anar Ma'anar Aiki a Paragon Active Assurance
- Ma'aikatan Gwaji: Abubuwan da ke yin ma'auni (don gwaje-gwaje da kuma masu saka idanu) a cikin tsarin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon. Wakilan Gwaji sun ƙunshi software tare da ikon samarwa, karɓa, da kuma nazarin zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa na gaske.
- Irin Wakilin Gwaji da aka tattauna a cikin wannan takarda shine Wakilin Gwaji na Farko (vTA), aikin cibiyar sadarwar kama-da-wane (VNF) wanda aka tura akan mai hawan jini. Sauran nau'ikan Wakilin Gwaji kuma akwai.
- Akwai nau'ikan ma'auni guda biyu na asali a cikin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon, gwaje-gwaje da masu saka idanu.
- Gwaji: Gwaji ya ƙunshi matakai ɗaya ko da yawa, kowannensu yana da ƙayyadaddun lokaci, iyakataccen lokaci. Ana aiwatar da matakai a jere. Kowane mataki na iya haɗawa da gudanar da ayyuka da yawa a lokaci guda.
- Mai saka idanu: Mai saka idanu bashi da ƙayyadadden lokaci amma yana aiwatarwa har abada. Kamar mataki na gwaji, mai saka idanu na iya aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
- Samfura: Lokacin da ƙungiyar makaɗa ke sarrafa Paragon Active Assurance, ana aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje da masu saka idanu ta hanyar samfuri waɗanda a ciki aka ayyana gwajin ko duba. Ana iya wuce saitunan sigina azaman abubuwan shigar da samfuri a lokacin aiki.
Gudun aiki don Automation
Lokacin Zane
A lokacin ƙira, kuna shirya ma'auni ta ƙirƙirar samfuri don gwaje-gwaje da masu saka idanu a cikin Tabbacin Active Paragon. Yadda za a yi hakan yana cikin babin “Test and Monitoring Templates” a shafi na 15.
Lokacin gudu
A lokacin aiki, kuna saita na'urorin ku kuma kuyi ainihin ma'auni.
- An wuceview duk exampAna samun abin da aka ba a cikin babin “ExampLes of Controlling Paragon Active Assurance ta hanyar NETCONF & YANG API" a shafi na 15.
- Yadda ake turawa da daidaita Ma'aikatan Gwaji ya wuce cikin babin “Examples: Gwajin Agents” a shafi na 16.
- Yadda ake shigo da kayan kaya kamar TWAMP masu haskakawa da tashoshi na IPTV sun shiga cikin babin “Examples: Abubuwan Inventory” a shafi na 29.
- An bayyana yadda ake saita ƙararrawa a cikin babin “Examples: Ƙararrawa” a shafi na 35.
- Yadda ake gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da saka idanu ta hanyar aiwatar da samfuran Assurance Active Active ta hanyar NETCONF an bayyana shi a cikin surori “Examples: Gwaje-gwaje” a shafi na 43 da “Examples: Monitors” a shafi na 54.
Fasalolin Tallafi a cikin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon
Duk nau'ikan gwaji da saka idanu a cikin Paragon Active Assurance ana iya ƙirƙira da aiwatar da su ta hanyar amfani da samfuri. Yadda ake yin wannan an rufe shi a cikin taimakon in-app a ƙarƙashin “Gwajiyoyi da masu saka idanu”> “Ƙirƙirar samfuri”.
Ƙirƙirar asusun Assurance Active Paragon A halin yanzu ba a tallafawa; duk da haka, an saita asusun ajiya ɗaya ko da yawa don mai amfani.
Teburan da ke ƙasa dalla-dalla abubuwan da ke cikin Paragon Active Assurance suna samuwa a cikin wannan sakin, da kuma yadda ake wakilta waɗannan fasalulluka a YANG.
Bayanin Ginin YANG
Don saukakawa, an ba da ma'anoni anan na gine-ginen YANG da ake magana a kai a cikin fasalin fasalin.
- Config (Config=gaskiya): Bayanan daidaitawa, ana buƙata don canza tsarin daga wannan jiha zuwa waccan.
- Jiha (config=arya): Bayanan Jiha: ƙarin bayanai akan tsarin da ba bayanan daidaitawa ba, kamar bayanin halin karanta-kawai da ƙididdiga da aka tattara.
- RPC: Kiran Tsari Mai Nisa, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ka'idar NETCONF.
- Sanarwa: Sanarwa na taron da aka aika daga uwar garken NETCONF zuwa abokin ciniki NETCONF.
Tables of Paragon Active Assurance Features Akwai don Orchestration
Madogara: Kulawa
Hanyar YANG:/accounts/account/monitors
| Siffar | Subfeature | YANG gina |
| Ƙirƙiri/gyara/share saka idanu | Dangane da samfurin duba | Saita |
| Fara/tsayawa mai saka idanu | – | Saita |
| Saka idanu samfura | Jera samfuran saka idanu na yanzu tare da abubuwan shiga | Jiha |
| sanarwar NETCONF | Yanayin ƙararrawa ya canza | Sanarwa |
| Saka idanu sakamakon | Ma'aunin SLA/ES na babban matakin (%) Ma'aunin SLA/ES don matakin ɗawainiya (%) |
Jiha |
Ba kamar gwaje-gwaje ba (kwatanta Albarkatu: Gwaje-gwajen da ke ƙasa), ba a fara masu saka idanu da RPC ba amma ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin saiti.
Resource: Gwaji
Hanyar YANG: /accounts/account/tests
| Siffar | Subfeature | YANG gina |
| Fara gwaji | Dangane da samfurin gwaji | RPC |
| Sarrafa gwaje-gwaje | Jerin gwaje-gwaje tare da matsayi | Jiha |
| Samfuran gwaji | Jera samfuran gwajin da ke akwai tare da abubuwan shiga | Jiha |
| sanarwar NETCONF | Matsayin gwaji ya canza | Sanarwa |
| Sakamakon gwaji | Samu matsayin matakin gwaji (wucewa, kasawa, kuskure,…) | Jiha |
Resource: Gwaji Agents
Hanyoyin YANG:
- /accounts/account/wakilan gwaji (Config)
- /accounts/account/wakilan gwajin-masu rijista (Jihar)
Wakilan Gwaji a ƙarƙashin /accounts/account/ test-agent sune waɗanda aka saita a cikin asusu. Waɗannan Wakilan Gwaji ne kawai za a iya daidaita su kuma a yi amfani da su a gwaji da saka idanu ta NETCONF ta ƙungiyar makaɗa.
Bayan kun tsara Wakilin Gwaji kuma ya yi rajista zuwa asusun, Wakilin Gwajin zai bayyana a ƙarƙashin /accounts/account/registered-test-agents. Kuna iya nemo duk Wakilan Gwaji masu rijista ta amfani da umarnin “samu” a cikin NETCONF (kwatanta babin Examples: Gwajin Agents).
Ƙarƙashin /accounts/account/registered-test-agents kuna iya samun Wakilan Gwaji waɗanda har yanzu ba a daidaita su ba. Duk irin waɗannan Wakilan Gwaji dole ne a saita su kafin a iya amfani da su.
A cikin yanayin ƙungiyar kade-kade, ana ba da shawarar cewa ku yi duk tsarin asusun ku na Tabbataccen Active Paragon ta hanyar NETCONF. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa wakilai-masu ƙididdiga da masu rijista ba su bambanta ba.
| Siffar | Subfeature | YANG gina |
| Pre-ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji akan sabar | – | Saita |
| Sanya Wakilin Gwaji na layi | (Cibiyar Kulawa tana tura saiti zuwa Wakilin Gwaji idan yazo online) |
Saita |
| Yi amfani da Waɗanda aka Haɓaka/gyara a waje | Yi amfani da gwajin / saka idanu | Saita |
| Saita musaya | Saita | |
| Samu matsayi | Jiha | |
| Sanya Wakilin Gwaji (Kayan Gwaji kawai) | Sanya NTP | Saita |
| Sanya gadoji | Saita | |
| Saita musaya na VLAN | Saita | |
| Sanya maɓallan SSH | Saita | |
| IPv6 | Saita | |
| Abubuwan amfani | Sake yi | RPC |
| Sabuntawa | RPC | |
| sanarwar NETCONF | Matsayin kan layi ya canza | Sanarwa |
| Matsayi | Samu matsayin tsarin (lokacin aiki, amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, matsakaicin nauyi, sigar) |
Jiha |
Resource: Inventory
Hanyar YANG: /accounts/account/twamp-masu nuni
Goyan bayan Ƙarfin NETCONF
Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuni ga IETF RFCs da ke kwatanta iyawar NETCONF da aka yi amfani da su don manufar ƙungiyar tabbatacciyar ƙaƙƙarfan Paragon Active Assurance.
- ietf-netconf.yang
- IETF RFC 6241, Network Kanfigareshan Protocol (NETCONF), https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6241
- Hanyar magance kurakurai guda ɗaya da ke goyan bayan ita ce kura-kurai.
- Ma'ajiyar bayanai kawai da ke goyan bayan ita ce ta hanyar rubutu.
- ietf-netconf-sanarwa.yang
- IETF RFC 5277, NETCONF Fadakarwar Taron, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5277
Gwaji da Kula da Samfura
Samfura don gwaji da nau'ikan saka idanu suna buƙatar saita su da hannu ta hanyar mai amfani na gaba-karshen Paragon Active Assurance. Yadda ake yin wannan an rufe shi a cikin taimakon in-app a ƙarƙashin “Gwajiyoyi da masu saka idanu”> “Ƙirƙirar samfuri”.
ExampƘaddamar da Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon ta hanyar NETCONF & YANG API
A cikin surori da ke biye, an ɗauka cewa an bayyana ma'anar gwaji da na'urorin da suka dace bisa ga umarnin da aka bayar a babin “Test and Monitor Templates” a shafi na 15.
Kayayyakin da Ake Amfani da su a Examples
Duk examples a cikin surori na gaba an gina su ta amfani da kayan aikin da ake da su kyauta masu zuwa:
- Pang: Ana amfani da shi don hange da bincika samfuran YANG.
- Akwai a https://github.com/mbj4668/pyang (clone daga git kuma gudanar da python setup.py install).
- Abokin ciniki na Python NETCONF "ncclient": Ana amfani dashi don sadarwa tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa ta amfani da NETCONF.
- Akwai a https://github.com/ncclient/ncclient (gudun shigar pip ncclient).
Ana samun samfurin bayanan netrounds-ncc.yang a /opt/netrounds-confd da zarar an shigar da ConfD bisa ga Jagoran Shigarwa).
Ƙarsheview na Mahimman Ayyuka da Aka Yi
(An kuma misalta wasu ƙarin ayyuka a cikin abin da ke biyo baya.)
- “Ƙirƙirar da tura sabon Wakilin Gwaji” a shafi na 16
- "Ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu ƙirƙira (misali ma'auni)" a shafi na 29
- “Kafa samfuran ƙararrawa da inda za a aika ƙararrawa” a shafi na 35
- “Ƙirƙiri da gudanar da gwaji” a shafi na 45
- "Dawo da sakamakon gwaji" a shafi na 50
- "Farawa na'ura (ya haɗa da saitin ƙararrawa)" a shafi na 60
- "Dawo da matsayin SLA don duba" a shafi na 67
- "Aiki tare da tags”A shafi na 71
Examples: Gwaji Agents
Ƙarsheview na Wakilin Gwaji Orchestration
Wakilan Gwaji a cikin Tabbacin Active Paragon ana ɗaukarsu azaman “tsari” a cikin mahallin ƙungiyar kade-kade. Wannan yana nufin ƙirƙira, sarrafawa, da gogewar Wakilan Gwaji yakamata a yi ta hanyar ƙungiyar makaɗa da NETCONF maimakon ta hanyar GUI Active Active Assurance.
MUHIMMI: Idan mai fasaha ya shigar da Wakilin Gwaji kuma ya yi rajista zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa ba tare da an fara ƙirƙirar shi ta hanyar NETCONF & YANG API ba, Wakilin Gwajin ba zai kasance a cikin bayanan daidaitawa ba, kuma tsarin zai fita daga daidaitawa. Don ConfD don sanin Wakilin Gwaji a wannan yanayin, zai zama dole a yi sabon aiki tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa, kamar yadda dalla-dalla a cikin sashin "Aiki tare da Bayanan Kanfigareshan tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa" a shafi na 4.
Orchestration na Virtual Test Agents (vTAs) don haka yakamata a yi a cikin matakai masu zuwa:
- Ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji na Farko, gami da daidaitawar mu'amalarsa, ta amfani da NETCONF & YANG dubawa zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa. Sunan Wakilin Gwaji zai zama maɓalli na musamman.
- Ƙaddamar da vTA akan dandamalin haɓakawa. Bi umarnin a cikin taimakon kan layi ƙarƙashin Wakilan Gwaji> Shigarwa. Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai wanda ke ba da damar vTA don haɗawa zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa, da kuma takaddun shaida don tabbatarwa, an samar da su a cikin vTA ta amfani da bayanan mai amfani da girgije-init.
Da zarar an kunna vTA, za ta haɗa kai tsaye zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa ta amfani da rufaffen haɗin BuɗeVPN. Ana aika sanarwar NETCONF tunda ƙimar ma'aunin gwajin-wakili-canza halin vTA yanzu ya canza zuwa "kan layi".
NOTE: Tunda sunan vTA shine mai gano ta a Cibiyar Kulawa, dole ne wannan sunan ya kasance daidai da wanda aka ayyana a Cibiyar Sarrafa a "mataki 1" a shafi na 17. - Da zarar an haɗa vTA kuma an inganta shi zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa, ana tura tsarin haɗin kai zuwa vTA. Wannan shine tsarin haɗin kai da aka bayar a "mataki 1" a shafi na 17 lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri vTA a Cibiyar Sarrafa.
- Bayan vTA ta cika manufarta, share vTA.
Ƙirƙirar da Ƙaddamar da Sabon Wakilin Gwaji
Da farko muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar Wakilin Gwaji ta amfani da NETCONF & YANG dubawa zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji ta wannan hanyar, ba a buƙatar aiki tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa.
Samfurin YANG na Wakilin Gwaji yana kamar yadda aka kwatanta a ƙasa. Ana samun shi azaman fitarwa daga umarnin
pyang -f itace netrounds-ncc.yang
An ba da cikakken samfurin YANG a cikin “Shafi: Tsarin Bishiyar Cikakkun Samfurin YANG” a shafi na 81, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi tatsuniyar da ke bayyana ƙa’idojin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan da sauran misalai na YANG a cikin wannan takarda.
Muna ci gaba a cikin matakai masu zuwa, waɗanda aka yi dalla-dalla a cikin masu zuwa:
- Da farko, asusun "demo" na Paragon Active Assurance ba shi da Wakilan Gwaji a cikin kayan sa.
- An ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji mai suna “vta1” ta amfani da ncclient. A wannan stage, babu ainihin Wakilin Gwaji da ya wanzu (wato har yanzu ba a fara ba).
- Ana tura Wakilin Gwajin a cikin OpenStack. (An zaɓi ƙaddamar da dandamali a nan a matsayin yiwuwar ɗaya tsakanin sauran.)
- Wakilin Gwajin yana haɗi zuwa asusun “demo” na Cibiyar Kulawa kuma yanzu yana shirye don amfani.
Mataki 1: A farkon, babu Wakilan Gwaji a cikin asusun "demo". Duba hoton da ke ƙasa daga Cibiyar Kulawa GUI.
Mataki na 2: An ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji a Cibiyar Kulawa ta amfani da Python NETCONF abokin ciniki “ncclient”. A ƙasa akwai lambar ncclient don ƙirƙirar Wakilin Gwaji yana da mahaɗin jiki ɗaya tare da adireshin DHCP:
shigo da argparse
daga manajan shigo da kaya ncclient
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser (bayani = 'Gwaji don ƙirƙirar Wakilin Gwaji')
parser.add_argument ('-host', taimako = 'Sunan mai masaukin da aka samo ConfD', buƙata = Gaskiya)
parser.add_argument ('-tashar jiragen ruwa', taimako ='Tashar jiragen ruwa don haɗi zuwa ConfD', buƙata = Gaskiya)
parser.add_argument ('–sunan mai amfani', taimako ='Sunan mai amfani don haɗawa zuwa ConfD', buƙata = Gaskiya)
parser.add_argument('–password', taimako='Password to the ConfD account', need=Gaskiya)
parser.add_argument('–netrounds-account', help='Gajeren suna na asusun NCC', bukata=Gaskiya)
parser.add_argument('–test-agent-name', help='Sunan Wakilin Gwaji', ake buƙata=Gaskiya)
args = parser.parse_args()
tare da manager.connect (host=args.host, tashar jiragen ruwa=args.port, sunan mai amfani=args.username,
kalmar sirri=args.password, hostkey_verify=Karya) kamar yadda m:
# Ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji a Cibiyar Kulawa
xml = ""
) buga m.edit_config (manufa = 'gudu', config=xml)
NOTE: An cire lambar da ta gabata tare da manager.connect(…) daga mai zuwaampda code snippets.
An saita uwar garken NTP akan eth0, kuma eth0 shine ma'amalar gudanarwa (wato, wurin da ke haɗawa da Cibiyar Kulawa).
A halin yanzu Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji baya bada izinin daidaita musaya. Saboda wannan dalili, daga sigar 2.34.0 gaba, yana yiwuwa a bar tsarin haɗin yanar gizo a cikin tsarin YANG. Saboda haka an sauƙaƙa madaidaicin XML a wannan yanayin:
Da zarar an ƙirƙiri Wakilin Gwaji, yana wanzuwa a cikin ma'ajin bayanai da kuma cikin Cibiyar Kulawa. Dubi hoton sikirin da ke ƙasa na ƙima na Wakilin Gwaji, yana nuna Wakilin Gwajin “vta1”:
Mataki 3: Yanzu lokaci ya yi da za a tura Wakilin Gwaji "vta1" a cikin OpenStack.
Wakilin Gwajin zai yi amfani da bayanan mai amfani-init don maido da bayanin yadda ake haɗawa zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa. Musamman, rubutun bayanan mai amfani file yana da abubuwan da ke biyowa (Lura cewa layin #cloud-config da netrounds_test_agent dole ne su kasance, kuma sauran layin dole ne a sanya su):
Don ƙarin bayani, da fatan za a koma zuwa daftarin aiki Yadda Ake Aiwatar da Ma'aikatan Gwaji Mai Kyau a OpenStack.
Da zarar an tura Wakilin Gwaji kuma an haɗa shi zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa, za a tura saitin daga Cibiyar Kulawa zuwa Wakilin Gwaji.
Mataki na 4: Wakilin Gwajin yanzu yana kan layi a Cibiyar Kulawa kuma ya sami tsarin sa. Wakilin Gwaji yana shirye don amfani a gwaje-gwaje da saka idanu. Duba waɗannan sassan:
- “Farawa Gwaji” a shafi na 45
- “Farawa Kulawa” a shafi na 60
Jerin Wakilan Gwaji a cikin Asusun Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon
A ƙasa akwai exampda lambar Python don jera Wakilan Gwaji a cikin asusun Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon:
Gudanar da wannan lambar yana ba da fitarwa kamar haka a ƙasa:
Share Wakilin Gwaji
Bayan an gama gwajin, yana iya zama dacewa a wasu lokuta amfani don share Wakilin Gwaji.
A ƙasa akwai snippet code yana nuna yadda ake yin hakan tare da ncclient:
Fadakarwa NETCONF
Da ke ƙasa, mun gabatar da mai sauƙi exampRubutun don sauraron duk sanarwar NETCONF masu shigowa daga Cibiyar Kulawa. Ana aika waɗannan sanarwar a duk lokacin da wasu abubuwan suka faru, kamar Wakilin Gwaji da ke zuwa layi ko gwajin da mai amfani ya ƙaddamar. Dangane da bayanan da aka ɗauka a cikin sanarwar, masu amfani za su iya sanya ayyukan bin diddigi ta atomatik a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa.
Lokacin da aka aiwatar da rubutun da ke sama, abokin ciniki na NC zai gabatar da sanarwar da aka karɓa a cikin tsarin XML. Duba tsohonample fitarwa a ƙasa, wanda ke nuna Wakilin Gwaji yana tafiya offline ba zato ba tsammani.
2017-02-03T15:09:55.939156+00:00</eventTime>
<test-agent-status-change xmlns=’http://ncc.netrounds.com' >
demo
HW1
offline
Examples: Kayayyakin Kaya
Ƙirƙirar (shigowa) da sarrafa abubuwan ƙira kamar TWAMP reflectors da Y.1731 MEPs ake yi a irin wannan hanya kamar yadda na Gwaji Agents. A ƙasa akwai lambar XML da NETCONF don ayyana irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a cikin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon ta NETCONF & YANG API da kuma dawo da jerin abubuwan da aka ayyana.
Ƙirƙirar TWAMP Mai tunani
Ƙirƙirar Y.1731 MEP
Ƙirƙirar tashar IPTV
Ƙirƙirar Ping Mai watsa shiri
Ƙirƙirar Asusun SIP
Maido Kayayyakin Kaya
A ƙasa akwai lambar Python don dawo da duk abubuwan ƙira da aka ayyana a cikin asusu. (Ana debo kowane nau'in kayan ƙirƙira a tafi ɗaya don guje wa sake maimaitawa a cikin takaddar. A zahiri, ana iya ɗaukar kowane yanki na kayan ƙira ta hanyar barin wasu layin da ke ƙasa.)
Gudanar da wannan lambar yana ba da fitarwa kamar haka a ƙasa:
Examples: Ƙararrawa
Samfuran ƙararrawa da abubuwa masu alaƙa (Masu sarrafa SNMP, jerin imel na ƙararrawa) ana ƙirƙira su kuma ana sarrafa su ta hanya iri ɗaya kamar abubuwan ƙira. Wannan babin ya ƙunshi lambar XML da NETCONF don ayyana irin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a cikin Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon ta NETCONF & YANG API da kuma dawo da jerin abubuwan da aka ayyana.
Lissafin Imel na Ƙararrawa
Ƙirƙirar Lissafin Imel na Ƙararrawa
Maido Duk Lissafin Imel na Ƙararrawa
Manajojin SNMP
Ƙirƙirar Manajan SNMP
Maido Duk Manajojin SNMP
Samfuran Ƙararrawa
Ƙirƙirar Samfuran Ƙararrawa
Maido Duk Samfuran Ƙararrawa
ExampBayani: SSH Keys
Kuna iya ƙara maɓallan jama'a na SSH zuwa Wakilin Gwaji ta hanyar NETCONF & YANG API. Yin amfani da maɓallin keɓaɓɓen maɓalli mai dacewa sannan zaku iya shiga cikin Wakilin Gwaji ta hanyar SSH.
Cikakken jerin ayyukan da ake samu akan maɓallan SSH sune kamar haka:
- Ƙara maɓallin SSH
- Gyara maɓallin SSH
- Duba maɓallin SSH
- Jerin maɓallan SSH
- Share maɓallin SSH.
A ƙasa, ana misalta ayyukan ƙara da sharewa.
Share SSH Key
Idan kuna son share maɓallin SSH, yi amfani da umarni mai zuwa:
Examples: Gwaji
Ana ɗauka a nan cewa an ƙirƙiri Wakilan Gwaji (kamar yadda ake buƙata don gwaje-gwajen) bisa ga sashin “Ƙirƙirar da Ƙirƙirar Sabon Wakilin Gwaji” a shafi na 17.
YANG Model Hanyoyi don Gwaji
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/tests… |
| gwaje-gwaje | /. |
| gwaji[id] | /gwaji |
| id | /gwaji/id |
| suna | /gwaji/suna |
| matsayi | /gwaji/status |
| lokacin farawa | /gwaji/lokacin farawa |
| ƙarshen zamani | /gwaji/ƙarshen lokaci |
| rahoto-url | /gwaji/rahoton-url |
| matakai | /gwaji/matakai |
| mataki[id] | /gwaji/matakai/mataki |
| suna | /gwaji/matakai/mataki/name |
| id | /gwaji/matakai/mataki/id |
| lokacin farawa | /gwaji/matakai/mataki/lokacin farawa |
| ƙarshen zamani | /gwaji/matakai/mataki/ƙarshen lokaci |
| matsayi | /gwaji/matakai/mataki/status |
| matsayi-saƙon | /gwaji/matakai/mataki/saƙon-status |
| samfuri | / samfuri |
| samfuri[name] | / samfuri / samfuri |
| suna | /template/template/name |
| bayanin | /template/tambari/bayani |
| sigogi | /template/template/parameters |
| siga[key] | /template/template/parameters/parameter |
| key | /template/template/parameters/parameter/key |
| nau'in | /template/template/parameters/parameter/type |
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don Ƙawancen Gwaji
- Domin fara gwaji ta hanyar NETCONF ta amfani da abokin ciniki na NC, ana buƙatar fara gina samfurin gwaji ta amfani da Cibiyar Gudanarwa GUI kamar yadda aka yi dalla-dalla a cikin taimakon in-app a ƙarƙashin "Tests and Monitors"> "Ƙirƙirar samfuri". Duk filayen da aka kayyade a cikin wannan samfuri azaman “Shigar da Samfurin” za a buƙaci su azaman sigogi a cikin XML lokacin da ake tsara ƙaddamar da samfurin gwaji.
- Gwaje-gwajen gudana a Paragon Active Assurance ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin "jihar" a cikin mahallin ƙungiyar kade-kade. Bayanan Jiha ba bayanan da ba za a iya rubutawa ba ne waɗanda ba a adana su a cikin ma'ajin bayanai, sabanin bayanan daidaitawa da aka ambata a cikin sashin "Over".view na Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru" a shafi na 17. Wannan ainihin yana nufin cewa canje-canje ga gwaje-gwaje ko samfuri a cikin Cibiyar Gudanarwa GUI ba za ta haifar da wasu batutuwan da suka danganci aiki tare tsakanin Cibiyar Sarrafa da bayanan daidaitawa ba.
- Don samun rahoto-URL daidai a cikin rahotannin gwaji, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da Cibiyar Kulawa URL an daidaita shi daidai. Ana yin wannan a cikin file /opt/netrounds-confd/settings.py. Ta hanyar tsohuwa ana dawo da sunan mai masaukin Cibiyar Kulawa ta amfani da socket.gethostname(): duba ƙasa. Idan wannan bai haifar da sakamako daidai ba, kuna buƙatar saita sunan mai watsa shiri (ko gaba ɗaya URL) da hannu a cikin wannan file.
# URL Cibiyar Kulawa ba tare da slash ba.
# Wannan na exampAn yi amfani da shi a cikin rahoton gwaji-url.
HOSTNAME = socket.gethostname()
NETROUNDS_URL = 'https://%s' % HOSTNAME
Fara Gwaji
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sashin "Ƙirƙirar da Ƙirƙirar Sabon Wakilin Gwaji" a shafi na 17, gudanar da umurnin pang -f tree netrounds-ncc.yang
daga directory /opt/netrounds-confd/ don fitar da samfurin YANG. A cikin wannan ƙirar, RPC don fara gwaji ta amfani da abokin ciniki na NC yana kama da haka:
Don bayani, duba sashin "Legend" a shafi na 81 a cikin Karin Bayani.
Ana nuna matakai masu zuwa a ƙasa:
- An yi rijistar Wakilan Gwaji zuwa asusun Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon, amma har yanzu ba a fara gwajin ba.
- Ana gano sigogin shigarwa da ake buƙata a cikin samfurin gwajin da za a gudanar.
- An fara gwajin HTTP 60 na biyu ta amfani da ncclient.
Mataki 1: Tun da farko, ba a fara wani gwaji a cikin asusun Tabbataccen Active Paragon ba. Duba hoton da ke ƙasa daga Cibiyar Kulawa GUI.
Mataki 2: Samfurin da za mu yi amfani da shi don fara gwaji a cikin wannan tsohonample shine samfurin gwajin HTTP. Yana da filayen shigarwa biyu na tilas (Clients da URL) wanda muka ayyana kamar haka lokacin gina samfuri a cikin Cibiyar Kulawa GUI.
Za mu ayyana waɗannan sigogi (a tsakanin wasu) a cikin tsarin XML wanda mai sarrafa NETCONF (ncclient).
Mataki 3: An fara gwajin HTTP ta amfani da ncclient.
A ƙasa akwai exampLe code inda aka ƙayyade bayanan sanyi da ake buƙata don samfurin gwajin HTTP. Dangane da yadda aka gina samfuri, cikakkun bayanai a nan na iya bambanta.
Ga kowane siga, da sifa yana buƙatar kawowa. Makullin yayi daidai da ma'auni
Sunan mai canzawa a Cibiyar Kulawa. Kuna iya duba mabambantan sunaye kamar haka:
- Danna Gwaji a gefen mashaya kuma zaɓi Sabon Jerin Gwaji.
- Danna Samfurana.
- Danna hanyar haɗin Gyaran da ke ƙasa da samfurin sha'awa.
- Danna maɓallin shigar da gyara a kusurwar dama ta sama.
A cikin tsohon muample, kuma ta hanyar tsoho, sunaye masu canzawa su ne ƙananan ƙananan nau'ikan sunayen nuni da aka gani a Cibiyar Sarrafa ("url" vs. "URL”, da sauransu). Koyaya, a cikin GUI Cibiyar Kulawa, zaku iya sake suna masu canji zuwa duk abin da kuke so.
Bayan maɓalli, kowane siga yana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun nau'insa: misaliample, domin URL.
Lura cewa kuna buƙatar sakewaview cikakken samfurin YANG don samun cikakkun bayanai akan nau'ikan. Don musaya na Wakilin Gwaji nau'in yana da tsari mai rikitarwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙasa a cikin lambar da ke ƙasa.
Yanzu za mu iya gudanar da rubutun ta amfani da ncclient. Da ɗaukan duk daidai ne, za a fara gwajin kuma za a nuna aiwatar da shi a Cibiyar Sarrafa:
Idan an fara gwajin cikin nasara, Cibiyar Kulawa za ta amsa da ID ɗin gwaji. A cikin wannan example, ID ɗin gwaji shine 3:
Hakanan ana iya samun ID ɗin gwajin a cikin URL don gwajin a cikin Cibiyar Gudanarwa GUI. A cikin wannan example, cewa URL shine https://host/demo/testing/3/.
Maido da Sakamakon Gwaji
Hanya mafi sauƙi don dawo da sakamakon gwaji ita ce ta nuna ID ɗin gwaji.
A ƙasa akwai lambar Python don samun sakamako daga gwajin HTTP na sama tare da ID = 3:
tare da manaja. Haɗa (mai watsa shiri = args.host, tashar jiragen ruwa = args.port, sunan mai amfani = args. sunan mai amfani, kalmar sirri = args.password, hostkey_verify = arya) kamar m:
Fitowar zata yi kama da haka:
Fitarwa da Shigo da Samfuran Gwaji
Ana iya fitar da samfuran gwaji a cikin tsarin JSON kuma a dawo da su ta wannan tsarin zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa. Wannan yana da amfani idan kuna son amfani da samfuran gwaji a cikin wani shigarwa daban na Cibiyar Sarrafa. (Ƙirƙirar farkon samfuran samfuran an fi sarrafa su ta Cibiyar Kulawa ta GUI.)
A ƙasa akwai lambar don aiwatar da fitarwa da shigo da kaya.
Ana Fitar da Samfuran Gwaji
# Sami tsarin json daga amsawa
tushen = ET.daga kirtani(amsa._raw)
json_config = tushen[0].rubutu
buga json_config
Samfurin yana ƙunshe a cikin json_config abu.
Ana shigo da Samfuran Gwaji
Za'a iya dawo da abin da aka tsara na JSON mai riƙe samfuran gwaji zuwa Cibiyar Sarrafa kamar haka.
Examples: Masu saka idanu
Wannan sashe yana ɗauka cewa an ƙirƙiri Wakilan Gwaji (kamar yadda masu sa ido ke buƙata) bisa ga sashin “Ƙirƙirar da Ƙirƙirar Sabon Wakilin Gwaji” a shafi na 17.
YANG Model Hanyoyi don Masu Sa ido
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/ masu saka idanu… |
| masu saka idanu | /. |
| Monitor[name] | / duba |
| suna | /lura/suna |
| bayanin | /lura/bayani |
| ya fara | /lura/fara |
| samfuri | / duba / samfuri |
| ƙararrawa-configs | /monitor/alarm-configs |
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/monitors/monitor/alarm-configs… |
| ƙararrawa-config[mai ganowa] | /alarm-config |
| mai ganowa | /alarm-config/identifier |
| samfuri | /alarm-config/samfurin |
| imel | /alarm-config/email |
| snmp | /alarm-config/snmp |
| thr-es-critical | /alarm-config/thr-es-critical |
| thr-es-critical-clear | /alarm-config/thr-es-critical-cler |
| thr-es-major | /alarm-config/thr-es-major |
| thr-es-major-bayyanai | /alarm-config/thr-es-major-clear |
| thr-es-minor | /alarm-config/thr-es-minor |
| thr-es-minor-bayyanai | /alarm-config/thr-es-minor-clear |
| thr-es-gargadi | /alarm-config/thr-es-warning |
| thr-es-gargadi-bayyanai | /alarm-config/thr-es-warning-clear |
| babu-bayanai-tsanani | /alarm-config/no-data-severity |
| babu-data-lokaci | /alarm-config/no-data-timeout |
| aiki | /alarm-config/action |
| girman taga | /alarm-config/window-size |
| tazara | /alarm-config/interval |
| aika-kawai- sau ɗaya | /alarm-config/aika-kawai-sau ɗaya |
| snmp-trap-per-rafi | /alarm-config/snmp-trap-per-stream |
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/ masu saka idanu… |
| sigogi | /lura/parameters |
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/ masu saka idanu/ duba/ siga… |
| siga[key] | /parameter |
| key | /parameter/key |
| (nau'in darajar) | /parameter |
| :(Integer) | /parameter |
| lamba | /parameter/ lamba |
| :(tashi) | /parameter |
| yi iyo | /parameter/tasoshi |
| :(zaure) | /parameter |
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/ masu saka idanu/ duba/ siga… |
| kirtani | /parameter/string |
| : (wakilin gwaji-musamman) | /parameter |
| gwajin-wakilin-musamman | /parameter/wakilin gwaji-musamman |
| gwajin-agent-interface["1" a shafi na 58 | /parameter/masu amfani-wakilin gwaji/ |
| asusu | /parameter/wakili-wakili-interfaces/gwajin-wakilin-interface/account |
| wakilin gwaji | /parameter/wakilin-masu-masu-masu-masu-matsayi/wakilin-wakili-interface/wakilin-gwaji |
| dubawa | /parameter/wakilin gwaji-interfaces/wakilin gwaji-interface/interface |
| ip-version | /parameter/wakili-wakili-interfaces/gwajin-wakilin-interface/ip-version |
| :(twamp- masu nuni) | /parameter |
| twamp-masu nuni | /parameter/twamp-masu nuni |
| twamp-reflector[suna] | /parameter/twamp-masu kallo/twamp-mai nuni |
| suna | /parameter/twamp-masu kallo/twamp-mai nunawa/suna |
| : (y1731-meps) | /parameter |
| y1731-meps | /parameter/y1731-meps |
| y1731-mep[suna] | /parameter/y1731-meps/y1731-mep |
| suna | /parameter/y1731-meps/y1731-mep/name |
| :(sIP-accounts) | /parameter |
| sip-accounts | /parameter/sip-accounts |
| sip-account["2" a shafi na 58] | /parameter/sip-accounts/sip-account |
| asusu | /parameter/sip-accounts/sip-account/account |
| wakilin gwaji | /parameter/sip-accounts/sip-account/wakilin gwaji |
| dubawa | /parameter/sip-accounts/sip-account/interface |
| sip-address | /parameter/sip-accounts/sip-account/sip-address |
| :(iptv-tashoshi) | /parameter |
| iptv-tashoshi | /parameter/iptv-tashoshi |
| iptv-tashar[suna] | /parameter/iptv-channels/iptv-channel |
| suna | /parameter/iptv-channels/iptv-channel/name |
- asusu gwajin-wakilin dubawa
- asusu test-agent interface sip-address
| Abu | Hanyar samfurin YANG: /accounts/account/ masu saka idanu… |
| matsayi | / duba / matsayi |
| karshe-15-mintuna | /mai dubawa/status/na karshe-15-mintuna |
| matsayi | /mai dubawa/status/na karshe-15-mintuna/status |
| matsayi-darajar | /mai dubawa/status/minti 15 na ƙarshe/matsayin-darajar |
| karshe-awa | /lura/status/karshe awa |
| matsayi | /mai duba/status/sa'ar karshe/status |
| matsayi-darajar | /mai dubawa/status/ƙarar-awa/ƙimar-darajar |
| karshe-24-hours | /mai duba/status/na karshe-24-hours |
| matsayi | /mai duba/status/na karshe-24-hours/status |
| matsayi-darajar | /mai dubawa/matsayi/na ƙarshe-24-hours/matsayin-darajar |
| samfuri | / samfuri |
| samfuri[name] | / samfuri / samfuri |
| suna | /template/template/name |
| bayanin | /template/tambari/bayani |
| sigogi | /template/template/parameters |
| siga[key] | /template/template/parameters/parameter |
| key | /template/template/parameters/parameter/key |
| nau'in | /template/template/parameters/parameter/type |
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don Kula da Orchestration
Kafin ka iya fara saka idanu ta hanyar NETCONF ta amfani da ncclient, kana buƙatar gina samfurin dubawa a cikin Cibiyar Gudanarwa GUI kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin taimakon in-app a ƙarƙashin "Gwaji da saka idanu"> "Ƙirƙirar samfuri". Duk filayen da aka kayyade azaman “Shigarwar Samfurin” a cikin wannan samfuri za'a buƙaci su azaman sigogi a cikin XML lokacin da ake tsara ƙaddamar da samfuri.
Samun Ma'aunin shigarwa daga Samfuran Kulawa
A ƙasa, ana nuna samfuri biyu. Na farko shine don saka idanu na UDP tsakanin musaya na Agent na Gwaji guda biyu, na biyu kuma na HTTP ne ta amfani da ma'aunin Agent guda ɗaya.
Don gano sigogin shigarwar samfuri, danna akwatin da ke wakiltar samfuri. Don samfurin HTTP, sigogi na iya yin kama da haka:
Muna buƙatar ayyana waɗannan sigogi a mataki na gaba lokacin fara mai duba.
Fara Kulawa
Yin amfani da Wakilan Gwaji waɗanda muka ayyana kuma muka tura su a cikin sashin "Ƙirƙirar da Ƙirƙiri Sabon Wakilin Gwaji" a shafi na 17, za mu iya fara mai duba daga samfurin "HTTP" kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa.
Ga kowane siga, da sifa yana buƙatar kawowa. Maɓalli yayi kama da sunan mai canzawa na siga a Cibiyar Sarrafa. Kuna iya duba mabambantan sunaye kamar haka:
- Danna Kulawa a gefen mashaya kuma zaɓi Sabuwar Kulawa.
- Danna Samfurana.
- Danna hanyar haɗin Gyaran da ke ƙasa da samfurin sha'awa.
- Danna maɓallin shigar da gyara a kusurwar dama ta sama.
A cikin tsohon muample, kuma ta hanyar tsoho, sunaye masu canzawa su ne ƙananan ƙananan nau'ikan sunayen nuni da aka gani a Cibiyar Sarrafa ("url" vs. "URL”, da sauransu). Koyaya, a cikin GUI Cibiyar Kulawa, zaku iya sake suna masu canji zuwa duk abin da kuke so.
Bayan maɓalli, kowane siga yana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun nau'insa: misaliample, domin URL. Lura cewa ana samun cikakken bayani akan nau'in siga a cikin ƙirar YANG. Don musaya na Wakilin Gwaji nau'in yana da tsari mai rikitarwa, kamar yadda aka shaida a lambar da ke ƙasa.
A cikin exampidan ya biyo baya, babu ƙararrawa da ke da alaƙa da mai duba. Don misaliampko da ya haɗa da ƙararrawa, je zuwa sashin “Farawa Mai Kula da Ƙararrawa” a shafi na 62.
Fara Kulawa tare da Ƙararrawa
Don haɗa ƙararrawa tare da mai saka idanu, zaku iya ko dai nuna samfurin ƙararrawa wanda aka ayyana, ko kuna iya samar da duk tsarin ƙararrawa lokacin ƙirƙirar na'urar. Za mu ba daya exampkowane tsarin da ke ƙasa.
Saita Ƙararrawar Kulawa ta hanyar Nunawa zuwa Samfuran Ƙararrawa
Domin yin amfani da samfurin ƙararrawa, dole ne ku san ID ɗin sa. Don wannan, da farko dawo da duk samfuran ƙararrawar ku kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sashin “Mayar da Duk Samfuran Ƙararrawa” a shafi na 39 kuma lura da sunan samfurin da ya dace. Sannan zaku iya komawa ga wannan samfuri kamar haka:
Saita Ƙararrawar Kulawa ta hanyar daidaita shi Directly
A madadin, zaku iya saita ƙararrawa don mai duba ta hanyar samar da duk tsarin sa yayin ƙirƙirar mai duba, ba tare da nuni ga samfurin ƙararrawa ba. Ana yin haka kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin example.
Maido da Masu Sa ido Masu Gudu
Don dawo da duk masu saka idanu waɗanda ke aiwatarwa a halin yanzu, gudanar da wannan rubutun:
tare da manaja. connect (host=args.host, port=args.port, username=args. sunan mai amfani, kalmar sirri=args.password, hostkey_verify=Karya) kamar yadda m:
Fitarwa shine jerin duk masu saka idanu masu gudana kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa:
Maido da Matsayin SLA don Mai Sa ido
Anan ga yadda ake dawo da matsayin SLA don mai duba. A cikin wannan example, muna dawo da matsayin SLA don mai saka idanu "Ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa" na tsawon lokaci uku: mintuna 15 na ƙarshe, sa'a ta ƙarshe, da sa'o'i 24 na ƙarshe.
Fitowar zata yi kama da haka:
Fadakarwa NETCONF
Sanarwar NETCONF don masu saka idanu ana haifar da su ta hanyar keta haddin SLA. Waɗannan suna faruwa lokacin da SLA don mai saka idanu ya faɗi ƙasa da madaidaicin SLA ("Mai kyau" ko "An yarda da shi") a cikin taga lokacin da aka bayar, ta tsohuwa mintuna 15 na ƙarshe. Ya kamata a lura cewa sanarwar cin zarafi na SLA suna saurin bayyana bayan wani lamari ya shafi sabis, yayin da matsayin SLA zai koma "Mai kyau" kawai bayan mintuna 15, kuma kawai idan babu wani ƙarin cin zarafi.
Ana iya canza taga lokacin ta hanyar gyara saitin SLA_STATUS_WINDOW (darajar cikin dakika) a ciki /etc/netrounds/netrounds.conf.
Fitarwa da Shigo da Samfuran Kulawa
Ana yin wannan daidai daidai da samfuran gwaji; kwatanta sashin “Fitarwa da Shigo da Samfuran Gwaji” a shafi na 52. snippets ɗin lambar da ke ƙasa suna kwatanta yadda ake fitarwa da shigo da samfuri don masu saka idanu.
Ana Fitar da Samfuran Kulawa
Ana shigo da Samfuran Kulawa
Tags An bayyana a cikin Paragon Active Assurance za a iya amfani da shi zuwa:
- masu saka idanu
- duba samfuri
- Wakilan Gwaji
- TWAMP masu haskakawa
- Ping runduna.
Don misaliample, ka iya tag Monitor mai iri daya tag a matsayin sashe na Wakilan Gwaji waɗanda za su gudanar da duba. Wannan fasalin yana da taimako musamman idan kuna da ɗimbin adadin na'urori da aka ayyana su.
Idan kun saita ƙararrawa tare da tarko na SNMP don saka idanu, to za a sanya tarkon SNMP iri ɗaya. tags a matsayin Monitor, idan akwai.
Ƙirƙirar Tags
A ƙasa muna nuna yadda ake ƙirƙirar a tag tare da suna da launi kamar yadda XML ya ayyanatag> substructure.
Sanya a Tag
Don sanya a tag zuwa albarkatun, kuna ƙara shi azaman sabotag> element a karkashintags> element don wannan albarkatun.
Ga yadda ake sanya a tag zuwa Wakilin Gwaji:
Don sanya a tag ku TWAMP reflector, yi kamar haka:
Sanya a tag to ana sarrafa su kamar haka:
A madadin, zaku iya sanya mai wanzuwa tag zuwa kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan albarkatun lokacin ƙirƙirar albarkatun, ta haɗa datags> abun da ke dauke da tag cikin tambaya.
Ana ɗaukaka a Tag
Ana ɗaukaka wani data kasance tag tare da sababbin halaye daidai yake da ƙirƙirar a tag:
Rashin sanyawa a Tag
Don rashin sanyawa a tag daga albarkatun, ƙara sifa nc:operation=”share” zuwa gatag> abun da ke cikin albarkatun. A ƙasa, ba mu sanya a tag daga mai duba.
Share a Tag
Domin share a tag gaba ɗaya daga Cibiyar Kulawa, an sake amfani da sifa nc:operation=”share”, amma wannan lokacin ana amfani da shi ga tag kanta, ayyana karkashin .
Shirya matsala
Matsala: Maɗaukaki da Tabbataccen Aiki na Paragon Daga Aiki tare
Mawaƙa da kuma Paragon Active Assurance na iya ƙarewa ba tare da daidaitawa ba na tsohonampto idan an yi canje-canjen daidaitawa a cikin Cibiyar Kulawa ta GUI, ko kuma idan amfani da tsarin bai yi nasara ba kuma ya ci tura zuwa jihar da ta gabata.
Idan an kasa juyowa, uwar garken NETCONF ba za ta ƙara karɓar canje-canjen sanyi ba; zai ba da amsa tare da saƙon kuskure yana bayyana cewa an kulle tsarin sai an dawo cikin aiki tare. Don dawowa cikin aiki tare da buše canje-canje na sanyi, kuna buƙatar gudanar da umarni rpc sync-from-ncc wanda ke aiki tare da duk sanyi daga Cibiyar Sarrafa zuwa bayanan daidaitawa.
NOTE: The confd@netrounds.com mai amfani (ko duk abin da aka saita) dole ne ya sami gatan mai amfani don duk abin da za a daidaita cikin nasara. Ana iya samun wannan tare da umarnin ncc user-update confd@netrounds.com -is-superuser Idan mai amfani ba shine babban mai amfani ba, gargadi zai bayyana yana cewa ba za a iya daidaita komai ba, amma duk abin da za'a iya sarrafa ya kasance.
NOTE: Idan mawallafin ku kuma ya adana tsarin, kuna buƙatar sake daidaitawa wanda kuma tun lokacin da aka nema (tsarin da ƙungiyar makaɗa ke tsammanin Cibiyar Kulawa ta samu) ba za a yi amfani da shi ba.
Matsala: Aiki tare na farko (sync-from-ncc) Ba a yi nasara ba saboda albarkatu marasa tallafi
Idan kayi ƙoƙarin gudanar da rpc sync-from-ncc akan asusun da aka ƙirƙira shi a cikin Cibiyar Kulawa GUI, zaku iya fuskantar matsaloli idan asusun ya ƙunshi albarkatu maras tallafi. Ana ba da shawarar cewa ku fara da asusun da ba komai ba kuma kuyi duk tsarin sa ta hanyar NETCONF. In ba haka ba, idan kun ci karo da batutuwa tare da rikice-rikicen albarkatu, dole ne ku cire albarkatun da ke karo da juna daga asusun.
Matsala: umarnin NETCONF sun kasa tare da ncclient.operations.rpc.RPCError: gazawar sadarwar aikace-aikacen
Sabar NETCONF baya mayar da haɗin kai zuwa uwar garken Cibiyar Sarrafa ta atomatik idan Cibiyar Kulawa ta sake farawa. Don dawo da haɗin kai zuwa Cibiyar Kulawa, sake kunna tsarin NETCONF: sudo systemctl sake kunna netrounds-confd.
Bayanan kula akan Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji da Kayan Aikin Wakilin Gwaji
Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji a cikin ConfD
Daga cikin Wakilan Gwaji, (sabon) Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji yana aiki da ɗan bambanta da na (tsohuwar) Kayan aikin Wakilin Gwaji.
Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji ba sa goyan bayan daidaitawar mu'amala a halin yanzu. Don haka, tsarin YANG yana ba da damar ƙididdige saitin mu'amala mara komai don irin waɗannan Wakilan Gwaji. Dubi "wannan sashe" a shafi na 23 don tsohonample.
Lokacin aiki tare da bayanan ConfD tare da Cibiyar Sarrafa ta amfani da umarnin daidaitawa-daga-ncc, kuna son daidaitawar mu'amala ta zama fanko kuma kar a sake rubuta shi da abin da aka samo a Cibiyar Sarrafa. Don haka kuna buƙatar amfani da tuta ta musamman -without_interface_config tare da waccan umarni lokacin aiki tare da Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji.
Kanfigareshan Tsaftace Maɓalli don Kayan Aikin Wakilin Gwaji
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji baya goyan bayan daidaitawar mu'amala, don haka yana yiwuwa a bar musanyawa a cikin tsarin YANG.
Amma akwai kuma lokuta masu amfani da za ku so a ƙetare ƙa'idar keɓancewa daga Kayan Aikin Agent na Gwaji. ExampWannan na iya zama yanayin ƙungiyar kade-kade inda kuke zazzage Wakilin Gwaji ta amfani da girgije-init, kuma kuna son a yi amfani da tsarin dubawa daga can, maimakon barin ConfD ya sake rubuta shi yayin da Wakilin Gwaji ya zo kan layi.
Canje-canjen Tsare-tsaren YANG Game da Mahimman Bayanan da ba a bayyana ba
Tunda an ba da izinin saitin mu'amala mara komai (daga sigar 2.34.0 gaba), yana yiwuwa a saka kowane suna na mu'amala a matsayin shigarwa zuwa aikin da ke gudana azaman ɓangare na gwaji ko saka idanu.
Ana buƙatar wannan don samun damar amfani da Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji, tunda ga waɗannan ba a fayyace sunaye na keɓancewa a cikin ConfD. Lura, duk da haka, wannan kuma yana nufin za ku iya shiga cikin matsaloli idan ta hanyar haɗari kun saita gwaji ko saka idanu don amfani da mahaɗin da ba ya wanzu. Don haka don Allah a kula da wannan.
Iyakoki Lokacin Yin Rajista Wakilin Gwaji da Aka Ƙirƙiri a cikin ConfD
Lokacin ƙirƙirar Wakilin Gwaji ta hanyar REST ko NETCONF/YANG API, ba za mu iya sanin irin nau'in sa ba: Kayan Aiki na Gwaji ko Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji. Wannan yana bayyana ne kawai bayan Wakilin Gwaji ya yi rajista.
Da zarar an yi rajistar Wakilin Gwajin kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan siminti, ba za a ba ku damar sake yin rajista a matsayin wani nau'in Wakilin Gwaji na daban ba. Wannan yana nufin ba a ba ku izinin fara rajistar ta azaman Kayan Ajiye na Gwaji ba, sannan ku sake yin rijista a matsayin Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Gwaji, ko akasin haka. Idan kuna buƙatar Wakilin Gwaji na nau'i daban-daban, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar sabon Wakilin Gwaji.
Shafi: Tsarin Bishiyar Cikakkun Samfurin YANG
A cikin wannan rataye, sashin “Legend” a shafi na 81 ya bayyana ma’anar tsarin tsarin itacen YANG da aka samar tare da bishiyar pyang -f.
Sashen "YANG Model Tree Structure" a shafi na 82 yana ba da fitarwa daga wannan umarnin da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa netrounds-ncc.yang. Ana sake fitar da sassan wannan fitowar a wani wuri a cikin takaddar.
Labari
YANG Tsarin Bishiyar Model
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