Koyarwar Timer 555
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Bayanin samfur
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai:
- Sunan samfur: 555 Timer IC
- Gabatarwa: Sama da shekaru 40 da suka gabata
- Ayyuka: Mai ƙidayar lokaci a cikin yanayin monostable da square wave oscillator
a cikin yanayin astable - Kunshin: 8-pin DIP
Umarnin Amfani da samfur
Kanfigareshan Kewaye Mai Sauƙi:
- Haɗa Pin 1 (Ground) zuwa ƙasa mai kewayawa.
- Aiwatar da ƙaramin voltage bugun jini zuwa Pin 2 (Trigger) don yin fitarwa
(Pin 3) tafi babba. - Yi amfani da resistor R1 da capacitor C1 don tantance fitarwa
tsawon lokaci. - Yi lissafin ƙimar R1 ta amfani da R1 = T * 1.1 * C1, inda T shine
lokacin da ake so. - Guji yin amfani da capacitors electrolytic don ingantaccen lokaci.
- Yi amfani da ma'auni na resistor tsakanin 1K ohms da 1M ohms don ma'auni
555 lokaci.
Tsare-tsare na Da'ira:
- Haɗa Pin 1 (Ground) zuwa ƙasa mai kewayawa.
- Capacitor C1 yana caji ta hanyar resistors R1 da R2 a cikin astable
yanayin. - Fitowa yana da girma yayin da capacitor ke caji.
- Fitowa yana raguwa lokacin da voltage fadin C1 ya kai 2/3 na
wadata voltage. - Fitowa yana sake yin girma lokacin da voltage fadin C1 ya sauka a kasa
1/3 na wadata voltage. - Grounding Fin 4 (Sake saitin) yana tsayar da oscillator kuma ya saita
fitarwa zuwa ƙasa.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)
Tambaya: Menene maƙasudin shigarwar Ƙaddamarwa da Ƙofar a cikin a
555 lokacin?
A: Shigar da Ƙaddamarwa yana sa abin da ake fitarwa ya yi girma idan ya yi ƙasa sosai
voltage ana amfani da shi, yayin da shigarwar Threshold ya dakatar da fitarwa daga
kasancewa high lokacin da high voltage yana shafa.
Tambaya: Menene shawarar ƙimar ƙimar resistor don lokaci
a cikin daidaitaccen lokacin 555?
A: Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙimar resistor tsakanin 1K ohms da
1M ohms don ingantaccen lokaci a cikin daidaitaccen mai ƙidayar lokaci 555
daidaitawa.
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Yadda Ake Saita 555 Timer IC
Koyarwar Timer 555
Daga Philip Kane An ƙaddamar da mai ƙidayar lokaci 555 sama da shekaru 40 da suka gabata. Saboda sauƙi na dangi, sauƙin amfani da ƙananan farashi an yi amfani da shi a zahiri dubban aikace-aikace kuma har yanzu yana samuwa. Anan mun bayyana yadda ake saita daidaitaccen 555 IC don aiwatar da ayyuka guda biyu na gama gari - azaman mai ƙidayar lokaci a cikin yanayin monostable kuma azaman oscillator na murabba'i a cikin yanayin astable. Bundle Koyawa Mai ƙididdigewa 555 Ya haɗa da:
Sigina 555 da Pinout (PIN DIP 8)
Hoto 1 yana nuna alamun shigarwa da fitarwa na mai ƙidayar lokaci 555 yayin da aka shirya su a kusa da daidaitaccen fakitin layi na 8 pin dual inline (DIP).
Fil 1 – Ground (GND) Wannan fil ɗin yana haɗe da ƙasa mai kewayawa.
Fin 2 – Tara (TRI) Ƙananan juzu'itage (kasa da 1/3 na wadata voltage) da aka yi amfani da shi na ɗan lokaci zuwa shigarwar Ƙarfafa yana sa fitarwa (fitin 3) ya yi girma. Abin da ake fitarwa zai kasance babba har zuwa babban voltage ana amfani da shi zuwa shigarwar Ƙarfi (fin 6).
Fitowar Fin 3 (OUT) A cikin fitarwa ƙasa ƙasa da voltage zai kasance kusa da 0V. A cikin fitarwa babban matsayi voltage zai zama ƙasa da 1.7V fiye da wadataccen voltage. Don misaliample, idan wadata voltage shine 5V fitarwa high voltage zai zama 3.3 volts. Fitowar na iya samowa ko nutsewa har zuwa 200mA (mafi girman ya dogara da voltagda).
Hoto 1: 555 Sigina da Pinout
Fil 4 Sake saitin (RES) ƙaramin voltage (kasa da 0.7V) da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa fil ɗin sake saiti zai sa fitarwa (fitin 3) ya yi ƙasa. Ya kamata wannan shigarwar ta kasance tana haɗi zuwa Vcc lokacin da ba a yi amfani da ita ba.
Fin 5 Control voltage (CON) Za ka iya sarrafa bakin kofa voltage (pin 6) ta hanyar shigar da sarrafawa (wanda aka saita a ciki zuwa 2/3 na samar da voltage). Kuna iya bambanta shi daga 45% zuwa 90% na wadatar voltage. Wannan yana ba ku damar bambanta tsayin bugun bugun bugun jini a cikin yanayin da ake iya ɗauka ko mitar fitarwa a yanayin astable. Lokacin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba ana ba da shawarar cewa a haɗa wannan shigarwar zuwa ƙasa mai kewayawa ta hanyar ƙarfin 0.01uF.
Fin 6 Ƙarfin (TRE) A cikin yanayin da ba a iya gani ba da kuma na yau da kullun voltage a duk faɗin capacitor lokaci ana lura da shi ta hanyar shigar da Ƙofar. Lokacin da voltage a wannan shigarwar ta haura sama da ƙimar ƙofa abin fitarwa zai tashi daga sama zuwa ƙasa.
Fin 7 Discharge (DIS) lokacin da voltage a fadin capacitor na lokaci ya zarce ƙimar kofa. Ana fitar da capacitor na lokaci ta wannan shigarwar
Fin 8 Supply Voltage (VCC) Wannan shine ingantaccen wadata voltagda tasha. The wadata voltage kewayon yawanci tsakanin +5V da +15V. Tazarar lokaci na RC ba zai bambanta da yawa fiye da wadatar voltage kewayon (kimanin 0.1%) a cikin ko dai a iya daidaitawa ko yanayin da ba a iya gani ba.
Monostable Circuit
Hoto na 2 yana nuna ainihin da'irar mai ƙidayar lokaci 555.
Hoto 2: Basic 555 monostable multivibrator circuit. Dangane da zanen lokaci a adadi na 3, ƙaramin juzu'itage bugun jini da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa shigar da fararwa (pin 2) yana haifar da fitarwa voltage a fil 3 don tafiya daga ƙasa zuwa babba. Ƙimar R1 da C1 sun ƙayyade tsawon lokacin da fitarwa zai kasance mai girma.
Hoto 3: Jadawalin lokaci na 555 a cikin yanayin da ba a iya jurewa. A lokacin tazarar lokaci, yanayin shigar da jawo ba shi da wani tasiri akan fitarwa. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi na 3, idan har yanzu shigarwar faɗakarwa tana ƙasa kaɗan a ƙarshen tazarar lokaci abin fitarwa zai kasance babba. Tabbatar cewa bugun bugun jini ya fi guntu fiye da tazarar lokacin da ake so. Da'irar a cikin adadi 4 yana nuna hanya ɗaya don cim ma wannan ta hanyar lantarki. Yana haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci ƙananan bugun bugun jini lokacin da aka rufe S1. An zaɓi R1 da C1 don samar da bugun bugun jini wanda ya fi guntu fiye da tazarar lokaci.
Hoto na 4: Gefen kewayawa. Kamar yadda aka nuna a adadi na 5, saita fil 4 (Sake saita) zuwa ƙasa kafin ƙarshen tazarar lokaci zai dakatar da mai ƙidayar lokaci.
Hoto 5: Sake saita mai ƙidayar lokaci kafin ƙarshen tazarar lokaci. Sake saitin dole ne ya koma sama kafin a iya haifar da wani tazara na lokaci. Ƙididdigar tazarar lokaci Yi amfani da wannan dabarar don ƙididdige tazarar lokaci don da'ira mai ƙarfi: T = 1.1 * R1 * C1 Inda R1 shine juriya a cikin ohms, C1 shine ƙarfin ƙarfin farads, kuma T shine tazarar lokaci. Don misaliample, idan kun yi amfani da 1M ohm resistor tare da 1 micro Farad (.000001 F) capacitor lokaci tazara zai zama 1 seconds: T = 1.1 * 1000000 * 0.000001 = 1.1 Zaɓin abubuwan RC don Monostable aiki 1. Na farko, zaɓi ƙimar C1.
(Abin da ke akwai na ƙimar capacitor ƙarami ne idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar resistor. Yana da sauƙi a sami ƙimar resistor da ta dace da capacitor da aka ba.)
2. Na gaba, ƙididdige ƙimar R1 wanda, a hade tare da C1, zai samar da lokacin da ake so.
R1 = T 1.1 * C1
Kauce wa amfani da electrolytic capacitors. Ainihin ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin su na iya bambanta sosai daga ƙimar ƙimar su. Hakanan, suna zubar da caji wanda zai iya haifar da ƙimar ƙima mara kyau. Madadin haka, yi amfani da ƙaramin capacitor mai ƙima da mafi girman ƙima.
Don daidaitattun masu ƙidayar lokaci 555 suna amfani da ƙimar juriyar lokaci tsakanin 1K ohms da 1M ohms.
Monostable Circuit ExampHoto na 6 yana nuna cikakken da'irar multivibrator 555 monostable tare da jan hankali mai sauƙi. Maɓallin rufewa S1 yana farawa tazarar lokaci na biyu kuma yana kunna LED1. A ƙarshen tazarar lokaci LED1 zai kashe. Lokacin aiki na yau da kullun S2 yana haɗa fil 4 zuwa voltage. Don tsayar da mai ƙidayar lokaci kafin ƙarshen tazarar lokacin saita S2 zuwa matsayin “Sake saitin” wanda ke haɗa fil 4 zuwa ƙasa. Kafin fara wani tazara na lokaci dole ne ka mayar da S2 zuwa matsayin "Timer".
Cikakken 555 mai ƙididdigewa sake saitin kewayawa.
Hoto na 7 na Astable Circuit yana nuna ainihin da'irar astable 555.
Hoto na 6:
Hoto 7: Basic 555 astable multivibrator circuit.
A cikin yanayin astable, capacitor C1 yana caji ta hanyar resistors R1 da R2. Yayin da capacitor ke caji, abin da ake fitarwa yana da yawa. Lokacin da voltage fadin C1 ya kai 2/3 na samar da voltage C1 yana fitarwa ta hanyar resistor R2 kuma fitowar ta yi ƙasa. Lokacin da voltage fadin C1 ya sauke ƙasa da 1/3 na wadatar voltage C1 ya sake dawo da caji, abin da aka fitar ya sake yin girma kuma sake zagayowar ta sake maimaitawa.
Jadawalin lokaci a cikin adadi na 8 yana nuna fitowar mai ƙidayar lokaci 555 a cikin yanayin astable.
yanayin.
Hoto 8: 555 mai ƙidayar lokaci a cikin Astable
Kamar yadda aka nuna a adadi na 8, saukar da fil ɗin Sake saitin (4) yana dakatar da oscillator kuma yana saita fitarwa zuwa ƙasa. Mayar da fil ɗin Sake saitin zuwa babba yana sake kunna oscillator.
Ƙididdigar lokaci, mita da zagayowar aiki Hoto na 9 yana nuna cikakken zagayowar raƙuman murabba'in 555 da aka samar.
Hoto na 9: Tsayayyen kalaman murabba'i cikakke zagaye ɗaya.
Lokacin (lokacin da za a kammala zagaye ɗaya) na maɗaukakiyar igiyar ruwa shine jimlar yawan fitarwa (Th) da ƙananan lokutan (Tl). Wato:
T = T + Tl
inda T shine lokacin, a cikin dakika.
Kuna iya ƙididdige yawan fitarwar lokaci mai girma da ƙananan (a cikin daƙiƙa) ta amfani da dabaru masu zuwa:
Th = 0.7 * (R1 + R2) * C1 Tl = 0.7 * R2 * C1
ko, ta amfani da dabarar da ke ƙasa, zaku iya lissafin lokacin kai tsaye.
T = 0.7 * (R1 + 2*R2) * C1
Don nemo mitar, kawai ɗauki madaidaicin lokacin ko amfani da dabara mai zuwa:
f =
1 T
=
1.44 (R1 + 2*R2) * C1
Inda f yake cikin hawan keke a sakan daya ko hertz (Hz).
Don misaliample, a cikin da'irar astable a cikin adadi 7 idan R1 shine 68K ohms, R2 shine 680K Ohms, kuma C1 shine 1 micro Farad, mitar yana kusan 1 Hz:
=
1.44 (68000 + 2 * 680000) * 0.000001
= 1.00 Hz
Zagayen aiki shine kashi ɗayatage na lokaci cewa fitarwa yana da girma a yayin zagayowar cikakke guda ɗaya. Don misaliample, idan abin da aka fitar ya yi tsayi na daƙiƙa Th kuma ƙasa kaɗan na Tl seconds to aikin sake zagayowar (D) shine:
D =
Ta + Tl
* 100
Koyaya, da gaske kuna buƙatar sanin ƙimar R1 da R2 don ƙididdige zagayowar aikin.
D =
R1+R2 R1+2*R2
* 100
C1 yana caji ta hanyar R1 da R2 amma fitarwa ta hanyar R2 kadai don haka sake zagayowar aiki zai fi kashi 50. Koyaya, zaku iya samun sake zagayowar aiki kusa da 50% ta zaɓin haɗin resistor don mitar da ake so kamar R1 ya fi R2 ƙarami sosai.
Don misaliampIdan R1 shine 68,0000 ohms kuma R2 shine 680,000 ohms aikin sake zagayowar zai zama kusan kashi 52:
D =
68000 + 680000 68000 + 2 * 680000
100 = 52.38%
An kwatanta ƙarami R1 zuwa R2 mafi kusancin sake zagayowar aiki zai kasance zuwa 50%.
Don samun zagayen aiki wanda bai wuce 50% haɗa diode a layi daya da R2.
Zaɓin abubuwan RC don aikin Astable 1. Zaɓi C1 da farko. 2. Yi lissafin jimlar ƙimar haɗin resistor (R1 + 2*R2) wanda zai samar da mitar da ake so.
(R1 + 2*R2) =
1.44 f*C1
3. Zaɓi ƙimar R1 ko R2 kuma ƙididdige sauran ƙimar. Don misaliample, ka ce (R1 + 2*R2) = 50K kuma ka zaɓi resistor 10K don R1. Sannan R2 dole ne ya zama resistor 20K ohm.
Don sake zagayowar aiki kusa da 50%, zaɓi ƙimar R2 wanda ya fi R1 girma sosai. Idan R2 yana da girma dangane da R1 za ku iya fara watsi da R1 a cikin lissafin ku. Don misaliample, ɗauka darajar R2 zai zama sau 10 R1. Yi amfani da wannan fasalin da aka gyara na dabarar da ke sama don ƙididdige ƙimar R2:
R2 =
0.7 f*C1
Sannan raba sakamakon da 10 ko mafi girma don nemo ƙimar R1.
Don daidaitattun masu ƙidayar lokaci 555 suna amfani da ƙimar juriyar lokaci tsakanin 1K ohms da 1M ohms.
Astable Circuit Example
Hoto na 10 yana nuna oscillator mai murabba'in murabba'in 555 tare da mitar kusan 2 Hz da zagayen aiki na kusan kashi 50. Lokacin da SPDT switch S1 ke cikin "Fara" matsayi na fitarwa yana canzawa tsakanin LED 1 da LED 2. Lokacin da S1 ke cikin "Tsaya" matsayi LED 1 zai kasance a kunne kuma LED 2 zai kasance a kashe.
Hoto 10: Cikakken da'irar oscillator na murabba'in murabba'in 555 tare da farawa / dakatarwa.
Ƙananan nau'ikan iko
Ma'auni na 555 yana da ƴan halaye waɗanda ba a so don da'irori masu ƙarfin baturi. Yana buƙatar ƙaramin aiki voltage na 5V da in mun gwada da high quiescent wadata halin yanzu. Yayin jujjuyawar fitarwa yana samar da karukan yanzu har zuwa 100mA. Bugu da ƙari, son zuciya ta shigar da shi da buƙatun ƙofa na yanzu suna sanya iyaka akan matsakaicin ƙimar juriya na lokaci, wanda ke iyakance matsakaicin tazarar lokaci da mitar mai ƙarfi.
Ƙananan nau'ikan CMOS na mai ƙidayar lokaci 555, kamar 7555, TLC555 da CSS555 mai shiri, an ƙirƙira su don samar da ingantacciyar aiki, musamman a aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da baturi. Sun dace da daidaitaccen na'ura, suna da faffadan wadata voltage range (don example 2V zuwa 16V don TLC555) kuma yana buƙatar ƙananan aiki na yanzu. Hakanan suna da ikon samar da mitocin fitarwa mafi girma a cikin yanayin astable (1-2 MHz ya danganta da na'urar) da kuma tazarar lokaci mai tsayi a cikin yanayin da ake iya canzawa.
Wadannan na'urori suna da ƙananan ƙarfin fitarwa na yanzu idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun 555. Don lodi fiye da 10 50 mA (dangane da na'urar) kuna buƙatar ƙara haɓaka haɓakawa na yanzu tsakanin fitarwa na 555 da kaya.
Don ƙarin bayani
Yi la'akari da wannan ɗan gajeren gabatarwa zuwa 555 mai ƙidayar lokaci. Don ƙarin bayani tabbatar da yin nazarin takardar bayanan masana'anta don takamaiman ɓangaren da kuke amfani da su. Hakanan, kamar yadda binciken Google mai sauri zai tabbatar, babu guntutage na bayanai da ayyukan da aka keɓe ga wannan IC akan web. Don misaliample, masu zuwa web rukunin yanar gizon yana ba da ƙarin dalla-dalla akan daidaitattun nau'ikan nau'ikan CMOS na 555 mai ƙidayar lokaci www.sentex.ca/~mec1995/gadgets/555/555.html.
Takardu / Albarkatu
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Jamesco 555 Timer Tutorial [pdf] Jagorar mai amfani 555 Timer Tutorial, 555, Timer Tutorial, Koyawa |