intel MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface User Manual

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1 MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

2 Takardu / Albarkatu

2.1 Magana

3 Labarai masu alaka

MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

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Avalon® Ƙayyadaddun Fassara
An sabunta don Intel® Quartus® Prime Design Suite: 20.1

Sigar Kan layi Aika Amsa

MNL-AVABUSREF

ID: 683091 Shafin: 2022.01.24

Abubuwan da ke ciki

Abubuwan da ke ciki
1. Gabatarwa ga Mahimman Bayanai na Avalon®……………………………………………………………… 4 1.1. Kayayyakin Avalon da Sigogi……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 1.2. Matsayin Sigina……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Interface Timeing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5 1.3. Example: Avalon Interfaces a cikin Tsarin Tsare-tsare………………………………………………………………………. 5
2. Avalon Clock da Sake saitin hanyoyin sadarwa……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 2.1. Matsayin Siginar Siginar Avalon Clock……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 2.2. Properties Clock Sink………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-agogo …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.3. Matsayin Siginar Tushen agogon Avalon………………………………………………………………………………………………..9 2.4. Kayayyakin Tushen agogo……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Sake saita nutsewa………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.5. Sake saitin Abubuwan Mu'amalar Rukunin Ruwa……………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.6. Hanyoyin Sake saitin Haɗe-haɗe ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Sake saitin Tushen……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10 2.7. Sake saitin Abubuwan Interface Source……………………………………………………………………………………….10
3. Abubuwan Taswirar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Avalon…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Gabatarwa zuwa Matsalolin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Avalon………………………………………………………………… 12 3.1. Matsayin Siginar Matsala ta Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Avalon…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 3.2. Abubuwan Sadarwa………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14 3.3. Lokaci……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….17 3.4. Canje-canje………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Canja wurin Karatu da Rubutu Na Musamman……………………………………………………………………………… 20 3.5. Canje-canje Ta Amfani da Kayayyakin Ba da izinin jira………………………………………… Karanta da Rubuta Canje-canje tare da Kafaffen Jihohi………………………………………….. 20 3.5.1. Canja wurin bututu……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 3.5.2. Canja wurin Fashe………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 3.5.3. Karanta kuma Rubuta Amsoshi……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 3.5.4. Daidaita Adireshi……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 27 3.5.5. Jawabin Wakilin Avalon-MM………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Avalon Interrupt Interfaces……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38 4.1. Mai Katsewa…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..38 4.1.1. Matsayin Siginar Mai Aiko Mai Katsewa Avalon……………………………………………………………….38 4.1.2. Abubuwan Katse Mai Aiki……………………………………………………………………………….. 38 4.2. Mai karɓar Katsewa………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Matsayin Siginar Mai Karɓawa Avalon……………………………………………………………….. 39 4.2.1. Kayayyakin Karɓar Mai karɓa……………………………………………………………………………………………… Lokacin Katsewa………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Avalon Yawo Interfaces……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40 5.1. Sharuɗɗa da Ka'idoji………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Matsayin Siginar Mutun Mutuwar Avalon Yawo……………………………………………………………….. 41 5.2. Tsarin Sigina da Lokaci ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Interface Mai Daidaitawa……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Agogo Yana Kunna………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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5.4. Abubuwan Interface Avalon-ST……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….43 5.5. Canja wurin Bayanai Na Musamman……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Bayanin Sigina……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Layout Data……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44 5.6. Canja wurin bayanai ba tare da matsi na baya ba……………………………………………………………………………….. 44 5.7. Canja wurin bayanai tare da matsi na baya………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
5.9.1. Canja wurin Bayanai Ta Amfani da Latency na shirye-shiryen da kuma ba da izini………………………………….. 47 5.9.2. Canja wurin bayanai Ta amfani da shirye-shiryen Latency………………………………………………………………………. 49 5.10. Canja wurin Bayanan Fakiti……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50 5.11. Bayanin Sigina……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Cikakken Bayani……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….51
6. Hanyoyin Sadarwar Kiredit na Avalon……………………………………………………………………………………………… Sharuɗɗa da Ka'idoji ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Matsayin Siginar Mutuwar Kiredit Avalon Yawo……………………………………………………….. 53 6.1. Interface Mai Daidaitawa……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Canja wurin Bayanai Na Musamman……………………………………………………………………………………………………….53 6.2. Mayar da Mahimmanci…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 54 6.2.1. Siginonin Mai Amfani da Kiredit Avalon yawo……………………………………………………………………………………………… 55 6.2.2. Siginan Mai Amfani Na-Kwafi………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56 6.2.3. Siginar mai amfani da kowane fakiti………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Matsalolin Hannun Hannun Avalon………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….60 7.1. Matsayin Sigina na Avalon……………………………………………………………………………………………… 61 7.2. Properties ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
8. Avalon Tristate Conduit Interface……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 62 8.1. Matsayin Sigina na Avalon Tristate……………………………………………………………………………….. 64 8.2. Kayayyakin Gudun Wuta na Tristate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 65 8.3. Lokaci Mai Sauƙi na Tristate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….65
A. Siginonin da aka yanke………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
B. Tarihin Bita na Takardu don Ƙayyadaddun Fassarar Avalon……………………………… 68

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1. Gabatarwa zuwa Avalon® ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai

Abubuwan musaya na Avalon® suna sauƙaƙe ƙirar tsarin ta hanyar ba ku damar haɗa abubuwan cikin sauƙi a cikin Intel® FPGA. Iyalin mu'amalar Avalon suna ma'anar musaya masu dacewa don yawo bayanai masu sauri, karantawa da rubuta rajista da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da sarrafa na'urorin kashe guntu. Abubuwan da ake samu a Platform Designer sun haɗa waɗannan madaidaitan mu'amala. Bugu da ƙari, zaku iya haɗa mu'amalar Avalon a cikin abubuwan da suka dace, haɓaka hulɗar ƙira.
Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin Avalon ne. Bayan karanta wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, yakamata ku fahimci waɗanne musaya ne suka dace da abubuwan haɗin ku da waɗanne ayyukan sigina don amfani da su don takamaiman halaye. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana bayyana ma'amala guda bakwai masu zuwa:
Interface Avalon Streaming Interface (Avalon-ST) – ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai wanda ke goyan bayan kwararar bayanai na unidirectional, gami da rafuka masu yawa, fakiti, da bayanan DSP.
Avalon Memory Mapped Interface (Avalon-MM) – tushen adireshi mai karantawa/rubutu nau'in haɗin gwiwar Mai watsa shiri.
Avalon Conduit Interface – nau'in mu'amala wanda ke ɗaukar siginoni ɗaya ko ƙungiyoyin sigina waɗanda basu dace da kowane nau'in Avalon ba. Kuna iya haɗa hanyoyin haɗin magudanar ruwa a cikin tsarin Tsarin Platform Designer. A madadin, zaku iya fitar da su don haɗawa zuwa wasu kayayyaki a cikin ƙira ko zuwa fil ɗin FPGA.
· Avalon Tri-State Conduit Interface (Avalon-TC) - abin dubawa don tallafawa haɗin kai zuwa abubuwan da ke kashe guntu. Maɓallai da yawa na iya raba fil ta hanyar ɗimbin sigina, rage adadin fil na FPGA da adadin alamun akan PCB.
· Avalon Interrupt Interface – abin dubawa wanda ke ba da damar abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don sigina abubuwan da suka faru zuwa wasu abubuwan.
Avalon Clock Interface - abin dubawa wanda ke motsa ko karɓar agogo.
· Avalon Sake saitin Interface – dubawar da ke ba da sake saitin haɗin kai.
Bangare guda ɗaya na iya haɗawa da kowane adadin waɗannan musaya kuma yana iya haɗawa da lokuta da yawa na nau'in mu'amala ɗaya.

Lura:

Avalon musaya madaidaicin buɗaɗɗe ne. Babu lasisi ko sarauta da ake buƙata don haɓakawa da siyar da samfuran da suke amfani da su ko aka dogara akan musaya na Avalon.

Bayanai masu alaƙa
Gabatarwa zuwa Intel FPGA IP Cores Yana ba da cikakken bayani game da duk Intel FPGA IP Cores, gami da daidaitawa, ƙirƙira, haɓakawa, da kwaikwaiyon ƙirar IP.
Ƙirƙirar Rubutun Saita Haɗaɗɗen Simulator Ƙirƙiri rubutun kwaikwaiyo waɗanda baya buƙatar ɗaukakawar hannu don haɓaka nau'in software ko IP.

Kamfanin Intel. An kiyaye duk haƙƙoƙi. Intel, tambarin Intel, da sauran alamun Intel alamun kasuwanci ne na Kamfanin Intel Corporation ko rassan sa. Intel yana ba da garantin aiwatar da samfuran FPGA da semiconductor zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai na yanzu daidai da daidaitaccen garanti na Intel, amma yana da haƙƙin yin canje-canje ga kowane samfuri da sabis a kowane lokaci ba tare da sanarwa ba. Intel ba ya ɗaukar wani nauyi ko alhaki da ya taso daga aikace-aikacen ko amfani da kowane bayani, samfur, ko sabis da aka kwatanta a nan sai dai kamar yadda Intel ya yarda da shi a rubuce. An shawarci abokan cinikin Intel su sami sabon sigar ƙayyadaddun na'urar kafin su dogara ga kowane bayanan da aka buga kuma kafin sanya oda don samfur ko ayyuka. *Wasu sunaye da tambura ana iya da'awarsu azaman mallakar wasu.

ISO 9001: 2015 Rajista

1. Gabatarwa ga Avalon® Ƙayyadaddun Ƙididdigar Ƙira 683091 | 2022.01.24
· Gudanar da Ayyuka Mafi kyawun Jagororin Ayyuka don ingantaccen gudanarwa da ɗaukar nauyin aikin ku da IP files.
1.1. Avalon Properties and Parameters
Abubuwan musaya na Avalon suna bayyana halayensu tare da kaddarorin. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kowane nau'in dubawa yana bayyana duk kaddarorin dubawa da ƙimar tsoho. Domin misaliampHar ila yau, maxChannel dukiya na Avalon-ST musaya yana ba ku damar tantance adadin tashoshi da ke goyan bayan hanyar sadarwa. Ƙimar ƙimar agogo ta Avalon Clock tana ba da mitar siginar agogo.
1.2. Matsayin Sigina
Kowane Avalon dubawa yana bayyana matsayin sigina da halayen su. Yawancin ayyukan sigina na zaɓi ne. Kuna da sassauƙa don zaɓar ayyukan siginar da ake buƙata don aiwatar da aikin da ake buƙata. Don misaliampHar ila yau, ƙirar Avalon-MM ta haɗa da zaɓin farawabursttransfer na zaɓi da matsayi na siginar fashewa don abubuwan da ke tallafawa fashewa. Fakitin Avalon-ST ya haɗa da zaɓin farawa na fakiti da ayyukan siginar ƙarshen fakiti don musaya masu goyan bayan fakiti.
Ban da musaya na Avalon Conduit, kowane mu'amala yana iya haɗawa da sigina ɗaya kawai na kowace rawar sigina. Yawancin ayyuka na sigina suna ba da izinin sigina marasa ƙarfi. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da sigina masu ƙarfi a cikin wannan takaddar.
1.3. Lokacin Interface
Babi na gaba na wannan daftarin aiki sun haɗa da bayanin lokacin da ke bayanin canja wuri don nau'ikan mu'amalar mutum ɗaya. Babu tabbacin aiki ga kowane ɗayan waɗannan mu'amala. Ayyukan gaske ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da ƙirar sassa da aiwatar da tsarin.
Yawancin musaya na Avalon dole ne su kasance masu kula da sigina ban da agogo da sake saiti. Wasu sigina na iya canzawa sau da yawa kafin su daidaita. Madaidaicin lokacin sigina tsakanin gefuna agogo ya bambanta dangane da halayen Intel FPGA da aka zaɓa. Wannan ƙayyadaddun bai ƙayyadaddun halayen lantarki ba. Koma zuwa takaddun na'urar da suka dace don ƙayyadaddun lantarki.
1.4. Fitample: Avalon Interfaces a cikin Tsarin Tsarin
A cikin wannan exampMai sarrafa Ethernet ya ƙunshi nau'ikan mu'amala daban-daban guda shida: · Avalon-MM · Avalon-ST · Avalon Conduit · Avalon-TC · Avalon Interrupt · Avalon Clock.
Mai sarrafa Nios® II yana samun dama ga sarrafawa da rijistar matsayi na abubuwan da ke kan guntu ta hanyar dubawar Avalon-MM. Watsawa suna tattara DMAs aika da karɓar bayanai ta hanyar musaya na Avalon-ST. Abubuwa hudu sun haɗa da katsewa

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Hoto na 1.

musaya da software ke aiki akan na'urar sarrafa Nios II. PLL yana karɓar agogo ta hanyar Avalon Clock Sink interface kuma yana ba da tushen agogo biyu. Abubuwa guda biyu sun haɗa da musaya na Avalon-TC don samun damar abubuwan ƙwaƙwalwar guntu. A ƙarshe, mai sarrafa DDR3 yana samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar DDR3 ta waje ta hanyar Avalon Conduit interface.

Mu'amalar Avalon a cikin Tsarin Tsari tare da Scatter Gather DMA Controller da Nios II Processor

Bugawa Hukumar da'ira

SSRAM Flash

DDR3

Intel FPGA
M Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri Cn Avalon Conduit S Avalon-MM AgentTCM Avalon-TC Mai watsa shiri Src Avalon-ST Source TCS Avalon-TC Wakilin Snk Avalon-ST Sink CSrc Avalon Clock Source
CSnk Avalon Clock Sink

Cn Tristate Conduit
Farashin TCS
TCM Tristate Conduit
Pin Sharer TCS TCS

IRQ4 IRQ3 Nios II

Farashin IRQ1C1

UART S

Farashin IRQ2

TCM

Tristate Cntrl SSRAM

Tristate Cntrl Flash

Cn DDR3 Controller
S

Avalon-MM

Hanya

Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na Avalon-ST

Ethernet Controller
Snk

FIFO Buffer Avalon-ST

Avalon-ST

FIFO Buffer

SM Scatter GatheIrRQ4
DMA Snk

S C2

Avalon-ST

Src

Farashin IRQ3

Scatter Gather DMA

CSrc

CSnkPLL C1

Ref Clk

CSrc

A cikin adadi mai zuwa, na'ura mai sarrafawa na waje yana samun dama ga sarrafawa da rikodin matsayi na abubuwan haɗin kan-chip ta hanyar gadar bas ta waje tare da haɗin Avalon-MM. Tushen Tushen PCI Express yana sarrafa na'urori akan allon da'irar da aka buga da sauran abubuwan FPGA ta hanyar tuƙi akan guntu PCI Express Endpoint tare da mahaɗan AvalonMM. Na'urar sarrafawa ta waje tana ɗaukar katsewa daga sassa biyar. PLL tana karɓar agogon tunani ta hanyar dubawar Avalon Clock kuma tana ba da agogo biyu

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Hoto na 2.

kafofin. Filasha da ƙwaƙwalwar SRAM suna raba fil ɗin FPGA ta hanyar haɗin Avalon-TC. A ƙarshe, mai sarrafa SDRAM yana samun dama ga ƙwaƙwalwar SDRAM ta waje ta hanyar Avalon Conduit interface.
Matsalolin Avalon a cikin Tsarin Tsare-tsare tare da Ƙarshen Ƙarshen PCI da Mai sarrafawa na waje

Bugawa Hukumar da'ira

PCI Express Tushen Port

CPU na waje

Intel FPGA
Farashin IRQ1
Ethernet MAC

IRQ2 Custom Logic
M
Avalon-MM

PCI Express Endpoint

Bayanan Bayani na IRQ3IRQ5IRQ4IRQ3
Farashin IRQ2

External Bus Protocol Bridge
M

Tristate Cntrl SSRAM TCS

Tristate Cntrl Flash TCS

SDRAM Controller

Farashin IRQ4

Farashin IRQ5

Farashin C2

Abubuwan da aka bayar na TCM TCM
Pin Sharer TCS
TCM Tristate Conduit
Gadar Cn

Ref Clk

CSrc CSnk PLL C1
Farashin C2

SSRAM

Filashi

Bayanin SDRAM

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2. Avalon Clock da Sake saitin Interfaces

Hoto na 3.

Hanyoyin musaya na Avalon Clock suna bayyana agogo ko agogon da wani sashi ke amfani da shi. Abubuwan da aka haɗa suna iya samun abubuwan shigar agogo, abubuwan agogo, ko duka biyun. Madaidaicin madaidaicin lokaci (PLL) shine tsohonample na wani bangaren da ke da duka shigarwar agogo da kuma agogo.

Hoto mai zuwa shine ƙaƙaƙƙarfan hoto wanda ke nuna mahimman bayanai da abubuwan da ake fitarwa na ɓangaren PLL.

PLL Core Clock Outputs and Input

PLL Core

Altpll Intel FPGA IP

sake saiti

Sake saiti

Agogo

nutse

Source

Interface Fitar Agogo1

Tushen agogo

Interface Fitar Agogo2

ref_clk

Agogo

nutse

Source

Interface Fitar Agogo_n

2.1. Matsayin Siginar Siginar Avalon Clock

Agogon nutsewa yana ba da bayanin lokaci don wasu musaya da dabaru na ciki.

Tebur 1.

Matsayin Siginar Agogo

Matsayin siginar clk

Fadin 1

Shigar da Hanyar

Da ake bukata Ee

Bayani
Alamar agogo. Yana ba da aiki tare don dabaru na ciki da kuma wasu musaya.

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2.2. Clock Sink Properties

Tebur 2.

Clock Sink Properties

Sunan clockRate

Default Value 0

Darajar Shari'a 0

Bayani
Yana nuna mitar a cikin Hz na agogon sink dubawa. Idan 0, ƙimar agogo yana ba da damar kowane mita. Idan ba sifili ba, Platform Designer yana ba da gargaɗi idan tushen agogon da aka haɗa ba ƙayyadadden mitar bane.

2.3. Haɗe-haɗen Clock Interfaces
Duk musaya masu aiki tare suna da kayan haɗin agogo wanda ke ƙayyadaddun tushen agogo akan abin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman bayanin aiki tare don dubawa. An kwatanta wannan dukiya a cikin adadi mai zuwa.
Hoto 4. hadeClock Property

rx_clk agogo
nutse

Dual Clock FIFO

Agogo tx_clk
nutse

rx_data ST relatedClock = "rx_clk"
nutse

relatedClock = "tx_clk" ST tx_data
Source

2.4. Matsayin Siginar Tushen Avalon Clock

Tushen agogon Avalon yana fitar da siginar agogo daga wani abu.

Tebur 3.

Matsayin Siginar Tushen Agogo

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

clk

Fitowa

Da ake bukata Ee

Bayanin siginar agogon fitarwa.

2.5. Clock Source Properties

Tebur 4.

Clock Source Properties

Sunan haɗin kaiDirectClock

Default Value
N/A

Yawan agogo

clockRateKnown

karya

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

shigarwa Sunan shigar agogon da ke tafiyar da fitowar agogon wannan agogo kai tsaye, idan akwai.

Yana nuna mita a cikin Hz inda ake fitar da fitowar agogo.

gaskiya, ƙarya

Yana nuna ko an san mitar agogo ko a'a. Idan an san mitar agogo, zaku iya siffanta sauran abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin.

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2.6. Sake saita nutsewa

Tebur 5.

Sake saita Matsayin Siginar shigarwa
Siginar reset_req sigina ce ta zaɓin da zaku iya amfani da ita don hana ɓarna abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar sake saitin musafaha kafin tabbatar da sake saitin asynchronous.

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

Da ake bukata

Bayani

sake saiti, sake saiti_n

Shigarwa

Yana sake saita dabaru na ciki na mu'amala ko sashi

zuwa yanayin da aka ayyana mai amfani. The synchronous Properties na

An bayyana sake saitin ta hanyar synchronousEdges

siga.

sake saiti_req

shigarwa

A'a

Alamun farko na siginar sake saiti. Wannan siginar yana aiki azaman a

aƙalla gargaɗin sake zagayowar lokaci ɗaya na sake saitin da ake jira don ROM

na farko. Yi amfani da reset_req don kashe kunna agogo

ko rufe bas ɗin adireshi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kan guntu, zuwa

hana adireshin daga canzawa lokacin da wani

an tabbatar da shigar da sake saitin asynchronous.

2.7. Sake saita Abubuwan Interface na nutsewa

Tebur 6.

Sake saita Matsayin Siginar shigarwa

Sunan hadeClock

Default Value
N/A

Daidaitawa-Edges

DEASSERT

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

sunan agogo

Sunan agogon da aka haɗa wannan haɗin gwiwa zuwa gare shi. Ana buƙata idan ƙimar synchronousEdges DEASSERT ne ko duka biyu.

BABU DEASSERT
DUKA

Yana nuna nau'in aiki tare da shigar da sake saitin yana buƙata. An bayyana ma'auni masu zuwa:
Babu buƙatar aiki tare saboda ɓangaren ya haɗa da dabaru don aiki tare na ciki na siginar sake saiti.
KYAUTA bayanin sake saitin bai yi daidai da abin da za a yi ba kuma kayan zaki yana aiki tare.
DOMIN sake saitin da kuma abin ciye-ciye suna aiki tare.

2.8. Abubuwan Sake saitin Abubuwan haɗin gwiwa
Duk musaya masu aiki tare suna da alaƙar Sake saitin kayan aiki wanda ke ƙayyadaddun siginar sake saiti da ke sake saita dabarun mu'amala.

2.9. Sake saita Tushen

Tebur 7.

Sake saita Matsayin Siginar fitarwa
Siginar reset_req sigina ce ta zaɓin da zaku iya amfani da ita don hana ɓarna abun ciki na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar sake saitin musafaha kafin tabbatar da sake saitin asynchronous.

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

Da ake bukata

Bayani

sake saita saitin_n

Fitowa

Yana sake saita dabaru na ciki na mu'amala ko sashi

zuwa yanayin da aka ayyana mai amfani.

sake saiti_req

Fitowa

Na zaɓi Yana ba da damar sake saitin buƙatun ƙirƙira, wanda farkon

siginar da aka tabbatar kafin sake saita tabbacin. Sau ɗaya

tabbatarwa, ba za a iya ɗanɗana wannan ba har sai an sake saiti

kammala.

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2.10. Sake saitin Abubuwan Interface Source

Tebur 8.

Sake saitin Abubuwan Sadarwa

Suna

Default Value

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

hadeClock

N/A

agogo

Sunan agogon da wannan ke dubawa

suna

aiki tare. Da ake bukata idan darajar

synchronousEdges DEASSERT ne ko duka biyu.

hadeDirectReset

N/A

sake saiti

Sunan shigar da sake saitin wanda ke tafiyar da wannan kai tsaye

suna

sake saita tushe ta hanyar mahaɗin ɗaya zuwa ɗaya.

hadeResetSinks

N/A

sake saiti

Yana ƙayyadaddun shigarwar sake saiti wanda ke haifar da tushen sake saitin zuwa

suna

tabbatar da sake saiti. Don misaliample, sake saitin aiki tare wanda

yana aiwatar da wani aiki OR tare da abubuwan sake saiti da yawa zuwa

haifar da sake saiti fitarwa.

Madaidaicin Gefe

DEASSERT

BABU DEASSERT
DUKA

Yana nuna aikin aiki tare na sake saitin fitarwa. An bayyana ma'auni masu zuwa:
Babu wani abin dubawar sake saitin asynchronous.
KYAUTA bayanin sake saitin bai yi daidai da abin da za a yi ba kuma kayan zaki yana aiki tare.
DUBI KYAUTA KYAUTA DA KYAUTA KYAUTA.

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3. Avalon Memory-Mapped Interfaces
3.1. Gabatarwa zuwa Matsalolin Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Avalon
Kuna iya amfani da mu'amalar Avalon Memory-Mapped (Avalon-MM) don aiwatar da karantawa da rubuta musaya don abubuwan Mai watsa shiri da Wakili. Wadannan su ne exampAbubuwan da aka haɗa waɗanda yawanci sun haɗa da musaya masu taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya: · Microprocessors · Memories · UARTs · DMAs · Timeers Avalon-MM musaya daga sauki zuwa hadaddun. Don misaliampHar ila yau, SRAM musaya waɗanda ke da ƙayyadaddun karantawa da rubuta canja wuri suna da sauƙaƙan musaya na Avalon-MM. Hanyoyin musayar bututu masu iya fashe canja wuri suna da rikitarwa.

ISO 9001: 2015 Rajista

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Hoto na 5.

Mayar da hankali kan Canja wurin Wakilin Avalon-MM
Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna tsarin da aka saba, yana nuna alamar haɗin haɗin wakili na Avalon-MM zuwa masana'anta na haɗin kai.
Ethernet PHY

Valon-MM System
Mai sarrafawa Avalon-MM
Mai watsa shiri

Ethernet MAC
Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri

Hankali na al'ada
Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri

Haɗin kai

Avalon-MM Agent
Mai sarrafa Flash

Avalon-MM Agent
SRAM Controller

Avalon-MM Agent
RAM Controller

Avalon-MM Agent
UART

AvAavloanlon- MM SlaAvgeePnotrt
Lor Custom
Hankali

Wakilin Conduit Tristate
Mai Rarraba Hannun Hannun Tristate & Gadar Conduit
Mai watsa shiri na Tristate Conduit

Wakilin Conduit Tristate
Flash Memory

Wakilin Conduit Tristate
SRAM Memory

RAM Memory

Saukewa: RS-232

Abubuwan Avalon-MM yawanci sun haɗa da siginonin da ake buƙata don dabaru na ɓangaren.

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Hoto na 6.

ExampLe Agent Bangaren

Maƙasudin I/O gabaɗaya 16-bit da aka nuna a cikin adadi mai zuwa yana amsa buƙatun rubuta kawai. Wannan bangaren ya ƙunshi siginonin Wakili kawai da ake buƙata don rubuta canja wuri.

Bayanan Rubutun Avalon-MM[15..0] D

Aikace-aikace-

pio_out[15..0] Musamman
Interface

Avalon-MM Interface
(Avalon-MM rubutaccen Interface Agent)
clk

CLK_EN

Kowane sigina a cikin wakili na Avalon-MM yayi daidai da ainihin rawar siginar Avalon-MM ɗaya. Keɓancewar Avalon-MM na iya amfani da misali ɗaya kawai na kowane rawar sigina.

3.2. Matsayin Siginar Matsala Taswirar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Avalon

Matsayin sigina yana bayyana nau'ikan sigina waɗanda ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Avalon ta tsara taswirar mai watsa shiri da tashar jiragen ruwa wakili suka ƙyale.

Wannan ƙayyadaddun ba ya buƙatar duk sigina don wanzuwa a cikin taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Avalon. Babu sigina ɗaya da ake buƙata koyaushe. Matsakaicin buƙatun don ƙirar taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Avalon sune bayanan karantawa don dubawar karantawa kawai, ko rubuta bayanai da rubuta don dubawar rubutu-kawai.

Tebur mai zuwa yana lissafin matsayin sigina don ƙirar ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Avalon:

Tebur 9.

Matsayin Siginar Taswirar Ƙwaƙwalwar Avalon
Wasu sigina taswirar žwažwalwar ajiyar Avalon na iya zama babba mai aiki ko ƙananan aiki. Lokacin ƙarancin aiki, sunan siginar yana ƙare da _n.

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

Da ake bukata

Bayani

adireshin

1 - 64 Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

byteenable byteenable_n

2, 4, 8, 16,
32, 64, 128

Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

Mahimman Sigina

A'a

Runduna: Ta tsohuwa, siginar adireshin tana wakiltar byte

adireshin Dole ne ƙimar adireshin ya daidaita zuwa faɗin bayanai.

Don rubuta zuwa takamaiman bytes a cikin kalmar bayanai, dole ne mai watsa shiri ya yi amfani da shi

sigina na byteenable. Koma zuwa mahallin adireshin Units

dukiya don yin magana.

Agents: Ta hanyar tsoho, haɗin haɗin yana fassara adireshin byte zuwa adireshin kalma a cikin sararin adireshin wakili. Daga mahangar wakili, kowane damar samun damar wakili shine kalmar bayanai.

Don misaliample, adireshin = 0 yana zaɓar kalmar farko ta wakilin. address = 1 yana zaɓar kalma ta biyu na wakili. Koma zuwa kaddarorin mu'amalar adireshi don yin magana ta byte.

A'a

Yana ba da damar takamaiman hanyoyin byte ɗaya ko fiye yayin kunnawa

musaya na nisa fiye da 8 bits. Kowane bit a cikin byteenable

yayi daidai da byte a cikin bayanan rubutu da bayanan karatu. Mai masaukin baki

bit na byteenable yana nuna ko byte ana kasancewa

ci gaba…

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Matsayin Sigina
debugaccess karanta read_n readdata amsa [1:0] rubuta write_n writedata

Nisa

Hanyar da ake buƙata

Bayani

rubuta zuwa. Lokacin rubutawa, byteenables suna ƙayyade waɗanne bytes ake rubuta wa. Sauran bytes yakamata wakili yayi watsi da su. Lokacin karantawa, ƙwararrun 'yan shekaru suna nuna waɗanne bytes ne mai masaukin yake karantawa. Ma'aikatan da ke dawo da bayanan karatu kawai ba tare da wani tasiri ba suna da 'yanci don yin watsi da 'yan shekaru goma yayin karantawa. Idan mai dubawa ba shi da siginar goma sha huɗu, canja wurin yana ci gaba kamar duk an tabbatar da shekarun goma.
Lokacin da aka tabbatar fiye da ɗaya daga cikin siginar goma sha biyar, duk hanyoyin da aka tabbatar suna kusa.

Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

A'a

Lokacin da aka tabbatar, yana bawa mai sarrafa Nios II damar yin rubutu akan guntu

ƙwaƙwalwar da aka saita azaman ROMs.

Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

A'a

An tabbatar don nuna canja wurin karantawa. Idan akwai, readdata yana

ake bukata.

8, 16, Mai watsa shiri Agent

A'a

Bayanan karatun da aka kora daga wakili zuwa mai watsa shiri don amsawa

32,

canja wurin karatu. Da ake buƙata don musaya masu goyan bayan karantawa.

64,

128,

256,

512,

1024

Mai watsa shiri Agent

A'a

Siginar amsa sigina ce ta zaɓi wacce ke ɗauke da

matsayin amsa.

Lura: Saboda an raba siginar, mai dubawa ba zai iya bayarwa ko karɓar amsa rubutattun amsa da amsa karantawa a cikin zagayowar agogo ɗaya ba.

· 00: OKAY – Nasarar amsa don ciniki.

01: AJALI – An tanadar da rikodi.

· 10: SLVERR – Kuskure daga wakili na ƙarshe. Yana nuna ciniki mara nasara.

· 11: DECODEERROR – Yana nuna yunƙurin samun damar zuwa wurin da ba a bayyana ba.

Don karanta martani:

Ana aika amsa ɗaya tare da kowane bayanan karantawa. Tsawon fashe da aka karanta na sakamakon N a cikin martanin N. Ƙananan martani ba su da inganci, ko da a lokacin kuskure. Ƙimar siginar amsa na iya bambanta ga kowane bayanan karantawa a cikin fashe.

Dole ne mai dubawa ya kasance yana da siginar sarrafawa. Taimakon bututun yana yiwuwa tare da siginar karanta bayanai.

· A kan kurakuran karantawa, daidaitattun bayanan karatun “kada ku damu”.

Don rubuta martani:

● Dole ne a aika da amsa guda ɗaya don kowane umarni na rubutu. Fashe rubuta yana haifar da amsa ɗaya kawai, wanda dole ne a aika bayan an karɓi canja wurin rubutu na ƙarshe a fashe.

Idan marubucin ba ya aiki, dole ne a cika duk umarnin rubuta tare da rubuta martani.

Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

A'a

An tabbatar don nuna canjin rubutu. Idan akwai, rubuta bayanai shine

ake bukata.

8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024

Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

A'a

Bayanai don canja wurin rubutu. Faɗin dole ne ya zama iri ɗaya da na

nisa na bayanan karantawa idan duka suna nan. Da ake buƙata don musaya

goyon baya ya rubuta.

Sigina na Jiha

ci gaba…

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Kulle rawar sigina
jiran jiran buƙatar buƙatun_ n
karantadatavali d readdatavali d_n
martanin rubuce-rubuce ba su da inganci

Fadin 1
1
1 1

Hanyar da ake buƙata

Bayani

Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

A'a

kulle yana tabbatar da cewa da zarar mai watsa shiri ya ci nasara, mai nasara

yana kula da samun dama ga wakili don ma'amaloli da yawa. Kulle

ya tabbatar daidai da farkon karantawa ko rubuta na kulle

jerin ma'amaloli. Kulle kayan zaki a wasan ƙarshe

ma'amala na kulle-kulle jerin ma'amaloli. kulle tabbatarwa

baya bada garantin cewa an yi nasara a sasantawa. Bayan kulle-

An ba da tabbacin mai masaukin baki, mai masaukin yana riƙe da kyauta har sai

kulle ne deasserted.

Mai watsa shiri sanye da kulle ba zai iya zama mai fashe ba. An yi watsi da ƙimar fifikon sasantawa ga runduna masu kulle-kulle.

kulle yana da amfani musamman don ayyukan karanta-gyara-rubutu (RMW). Ayyukan karanta-gyara-rubutu na yau da kullun sun haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:

1. Mai watsa shiri yana tabbatar da kulle kuma yana karanta bayanan 32-bit waɗanda ke da filayen bit da yawa.

2. Mai watsa shiri Kulle kayan zaki, canza filin bit guda, kuma ya rubuta bayanan 32-bit baya.

kulle yana hana mai watsa shiri B yin rubutu tsakanin Mai watsa shiri A karanta da rubutawa.

Mai watsa shiri Agent

A'a

Wani wakili yana tabbatar da buƙatar jira lokacin da ya kasa amsawa

karanta ko rubuta request. Tilastawa mai watsa shiri ya jira har sai lokacin

haɗin haɗin kai yana shirye don ci gaba da canja wuri. A farkon

duk canja wuri, mai watsa shiri ya fara canja wuri kuma yana jira har sai

buƙatun jira an ɗanɗana. Dole ne mai gida ya yi zato

game da tabbatar da halin jira lokacin da mai gida ba ya aiki:

buƙatar jira na iya zama babba ko ƙasa, ya danganta da tsarin

kaddarorin.

Lokacin da aka tabbatar da buƙatar jira, siginonin sarrafa mai watsa shiri zuwa ga wakili dole ne su kasance akai-akai ban da farkon farawa. Don zanen lokaci mai kwatanta siginar farawa, koma ga adadi a cikin Read Bursts.

Wakilin taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Avalon na iya ƙaddamar da buƙatar jira yayin zagayowar aiki. Mai tsara taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Avalon na iya fara ciniki lokacin da aka tabbatar da buƙatun jira kuma a jira wannan siginar da za a ɗanɗana. Don gujewa kullewar tsarin, na'urar wakili yakamata ta tabbatar da buƙatar jira lokacin da aka sake saitawa.

Siginan bututu

Mai watsa shiri Agent

A'a

An yi amfani da shi don canzawa-latency, canja wurin karanta bututu. Yaushe

tabbatarwa, yana nuna cewa siginar bayanan karantawa ya ƙunshi ingantattun bayanai.

Don fashe karatu tare da fashe ƙima , da

Dole ne a tabbatar da siginar readdata inganci sau, sau ɗaya don

kowane abun karantawa. Dole ne a sami aƙalla zagayowar latency

tsakanin yarda da karantawa da tabbatarwa

karantadata inganci. Don zanen lokaci wanda ke kwatanta siginar da aka karanta bayanan, koma zuwa Canja wurin Karatun Pipelined tare da Sauyawa Latency.

Wakili na iya tabbatar da readdatavalid don canja wurin bayanai zuwa mai masaukin baki ba tare da la'akari da ko wakilin yana dakatar da sabon umarni tare da buƙatar jira ba.

Ana buƙata idan mai watsa shiri yana goyan bayan bututun karantawa. Rukunin fashewa tare da aikin karanta dole ne su haɗa da siginar karanta bayanai.

Mai watsa shiri Agent

A'a

Sigina na zaɓi. Idan akwai, abubuwan dubawa suna rubutawa

martani don rubuta umarni.

Lokacin da aka tabbatar, ƙimar siginar amsa ingantacciyar amsa ce ta rubuta.

Writeresponsevalid ana tabbatar da zagayowar agogo ɗaya kawai ko fiye bayan an karɓi umarnin rubutawa. Akwai aƙalla jinkirin zagayowar agogo ɗaya daga karɓar umarni zuwa tabbatarwa

rubuta amsa ba daidai ba.

ci gaba…

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Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar da ake buƙata

Bayani

Ana ɗaukar umarnin rubutawa lokacin da aka bayar da bugun ƙarshe na fashe ga wakili kuma buƙatar jira ta yi ƙasa. writersponsevalid ana iya tabbatar da zagayowar agogo ɗaya ko fiye bayan an fitar da bugun ƙarshe na fashe.

fashewa

1 11 Wakilin Mai watsa shiri

Fashe Sigina

A'a

Ana amfani da su ta fashe runduna don nuna adadin canja wuri a ciki

kowace fashe. Matsakaicin madaidaicin ma'aunin fashewar ƙima

dole ne ya zama iko na 2. Fashe ƙididdiga na faɗin na iya shigar da max fashe girman 2( -1). Don misaliampku, 4-bit

siginar burstcount na iya tallafawa matsakaicin adadin fashewar 8.

Mafi ƙarancin fashewa shine 1. The

EverBurstBehavior kadarorin yana sarrafa lokaci na

siginar fashewa. Fashe runduna tare da aikin karanta dole ne

sun haɗa da siginar readdata inganci.

Don fashe runduna da wakilai ta amfani da adiresoshin byte, ƙuntatawa mai zuwa ya shafi faɗin adireshin:

>= +
log2( )
Don fashe runduna da wakilai ta amfani da adiresoshin kalma, kalmar log2 da ke sama an tsallake.

faraburstr

Haɗin kai

amsa

Wakili

A'a

An tabbatar da zagayowar farko na fashe don nuna lokacin fashewa

canja wuri yana farawa. Wannan siginar ana deasserted bayan zagayowar daya

ba tare da la'akari da ƙimar jiran aiki ba. Don zanen lokaci

mai kwatanta farawa bursttransfer, koma ga adadi a cikin Karanta

Fashewa

startbursttransfer zaɓi ne. Wakili koyaushe na iya ƙididdige farkon ma'amalar fashe na gaba ta ƙirga canja wurin bayanai.

Gargaɗi: kar a yi amfani da wannan siginar. Wannan siginar ya wanzu don tallafawa masu sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar gado.

3.3. Interface Properties

Table 10. Avalon-MM Interface Properties

Sunan adireshi Units

Default Value
Wakilin Alamomin Mai watsa shiri -
kalmomi

Ƙimar Shari'a
kalmomi, alamomi

Bayani
Yana ƙayyade naúrar don adireshi. Alama yawanci byte ne. Koma zuwa ma'anar adireshi a cikin Teburin Nau'in Siginar Matsala Taswirar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa na Avalon don amfanin yau da kullun na wannan kadarorin.

Kullum BurstMaxBurst fashewa

kalmomin ƙarya

gaskiya, ƙarya
kalmomi, alamomi

Idan gaskiya ne, yana nuna cewa mai watsa shiri koyaushe yana ba da iyakar tsawon fashe. Matsakaicin tsayin fashe shine 2burstcount_width - 1. Wannan siga ba shi da wani tasiri ga mu'amalar wakili na Avalon-MM.
Wannan kadarar tana ƙayyadaddun raka'a don siginar fashewa. Don alamomi, ana fassara ƙimar fashewa azaman adadin alamomin (bytes) a fashe. Don kalmomi, ana fassara ƙimar fashewa azaman adadin canja wurin kalma a cikin fashe.

fasheOnBurstBoundaries Kawai

karya

gaskiya, ƙarya

Idan gaskiya ne, fashe canja wurin da aka gabatar zuwa wannan keɓancewa yana farawa ne daga adireshi waɗanda ke da matsakaicin girman fashe.
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Sunan koyausheBurstBehavior
holdTime(1) linewrapBursts
iyakarPendingReadTransacti ons (1)
MatsakaicinPendingWriteTransact ions mafi ƙarancin amsa Latency

Default Value Mai watsa shiri -wakilin karya -karya
0 karya
1 (2)
0 1

Ƙimar Shari'a gaskiya, ƙarya
0 1000 hawan keke
gaskiya, ƙarya
1
1

Bayani
Runduna: Idan gaskiya ne, yana bayyana cewa mai watsa shiri yana riƙe adireshi da fashe ƙidaya a duk lokacin fashewar ma'amala. Lokacin da ƙarya (tsoho), ya bayyana cewa mai watsa shiri yana riƙe adireshi da fashe ƙidaya kawai don bugun farko na fashe. Ma'aikata: Idan gaskiya ne, yana bayyana cewa wakilin yana tsammanin adireshi da fashe ƙididdiga za a ci gaba da kasancewa a ko'ina cikin fashe. Lokacin da ƙarya (tsoho), ya bayyana cewa wakilin sampadireshi da fashewa kawai a farkon bugun fashe.
Ƙayyadaddun lokaci a cikin lokaciRaka'a tsakanin ƙayyadaddun rubutawa da ƙaddamar da adireshi da bayanai. (kawai ya shafi rubuta ma'amaloli.)
Wasu na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya suna aiwatar da fashewar abin rufe fuska maimakon ƙara fashewa. Lokacin da fashe fashe ya kai iyakar fashe, adireshin yana naɗewa zuwa iyakar fashe da ta gabata. Ana buƙatar raƙuman ƙasa kaɗan kawai don kirga adireshi. Don misaliample, abin rufewa ya fashe don magance 0xC tare da fashe iyakoki kowane 32 bytes a kan 32-bit interface yana rubuta zuwa adiresoshin masu zuwa: · 0xC · 0x10 · 0x14 · 0x18 · 0x1C · 0x0 · 0x4 · 0x8
Ma'aikata: Wannan siga ita ce matsakaicin adadin karatun da ake jira wanda wakili zai iya yin layi. Dole ne ƙimar ta zama mara sifili ga kowane wakili tare da siginar karanta bayanai.
Koma zuwa Canja wurin Karatun Rubutun tare da Latency Mai Sauƙi don zane na lokaci wanda ke kwatanta wannan kadarar da ƙarin bayani game da amfani da buƙatar jira da karanta bayanai tare da fitattun karantawa.
Runduna: Wannan kadarar ita ce matsakaicin adadin fitattun ma'amalolin karantawa wanda mai watsa shiri zai iya samarwa.
Lura: Kar a saita wannan siga zuwa 0. (Don dacewa da baya, software tana goyan bayan saitin siga na 0. Duk da haka, bai kamata ku yi amfani da wannan saitin a cikin sabbin ƙira ba).
Matsakaicin adadin da ba a buga ba ya rubuta cewa wakili zai iya karɓa ko mai watsa shiri na iya fitarwa. Wani wakili yana tabbatar da buƙatar jira da zarar haɗin haɗin gwiwa ya kai wannan iyaka, kuma mai watsa shiri ya daina ba da umarni. Matsakaicin ƙimar shine 0, wanda ke ba da izinin ma'amalar rubutu mara iyaka ga mai watsa shiri wanda ke goyan bayan rubuta amsa. Wakilin da ke goyan bayan rubuta martani dole ne ya saita wannan zuwa ƙimar mara sifili.
Don musaya masu goyan bayan readdatavalid ko rubutawa ba daidai ba, yana ƙayyadad da mafi ƙarancin adadin zagayowar tsakanin umarnin karantawa ko rubuta da martani ga umarnin.
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Sunan readLatency(1) readWaitTime(1) settingsTime(1) timeUnits(1) waitrequestAllowance
rubutaWaitTime (1)
hadeClock

Default Value

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

Karanta latency don ƙayyadaddun latency Avalon-MM wakilai. Za a

zanen lokaci wanda ke amfani da tsayayyen karatun latency, koma zuwa

Canja wurin Karatu Mai Bututu tare da Kafaffen Latency.

Wakilan Avalon-MM waɗanda ke ƙayyadaddun latency dole ne su samar da ƙimar wannan kayan haɗin gwiwar. Wakilan Avalon-MM

waɗancan latency masu canzawa suna amfani da siginar readdata inganci don tantance ingantattun bayanai.

0 1000 Don musaya da ba sa amfani da buƙatar jira

hawan keke

sigina. readWaitTime yana nuna lokacin shiga

lokacin raka'a kafin wakilai su karɓi karatu

umarni. Lokacin yana kama da wakilin ya tabbatar

buƙatar jira don sake zagayowar WaitTime.

0 1000 Yana ƙayyade lokaci a cikin lokaciRaka'a tsakanin ikirari

hawan keke

na adireshi da bayanai da tabbatar da karantawa ko rubutawa.

hawan keke

hawan keke,
nanosecond s

Yana ƙayyade raka'a don saitinTime, holdTime,
rubutaWaitTime kuma karantaWaitTime. Yi amfani da keken keke don na'urori masu aiki tare da nanoseconds don na'urorin asynchronous. Kusan duk na'urorin wakili na Avalon-MM suna aiki tare.
Abun Avalon-MM wanda ke gada daga keɓancewar wakili na AvalonMM zuwa na'urar kashe guntu na iya zama asynchronous. Wannan na'urar kashe guntu na iya samun ƙayyadadden lokacin daidaitawa don juyar da bas.

Yana ƙayyadadden adadin canja wurin da za a iya bayarwa ko

karɓa bayan an tabbatar da buƙatar jira.

Lokacin da aka ba da izinin jira ya zama 0, rubuta,
karantawa da siginonin buƙatun suna kula da halayensu na yau da kullun kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Teburin Matsayin Siginar Avalon-MM.

Lokacin da izinin jiran buƙatar ya fi 0, kowane agogon agogon da aka tabbatar da rubutu ko karantawa ana ƙididdige shi azaman canja wurin umarni. Da zarar an tabbatar da buƙatar jira, kawai waitrequestAllowance ƙarin canja wurin umarni ne na doka yayin da ake ci gaba da tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Bayan an kai ga ba da izinin jira, rubuta da karantawa dole ne a ci gaba da zama abin zaki muddin an tabbatar da buƙatar jira.

Da zarar an ajiye buƙatu, canja wuri na iya ci gaba a kowane lokaci ba tare da hani ba har sai an sake tabbatar da buƙatar jira. A wannan lokacin, waitrequestAllowance na iya kammala ƙarin canja wuri yayin da ake ci gaba da tabbatar da buƙatar jira.

0 1000 Don musaya da ba sa amfani da buƙatar jira

Zagaye

sigina, rubutaWaitTime yana ƙayyade lokacin shiga

Raka'a kafin wakili ya karɓi rubutu. The

lokacin yana kama da wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatun jira don rubuta keken WaitTime ko nanoseconds.

Don zanen lokaci wanda ke kwatanta amfani da rubutaWaitTime, koma zuwa Karatu da Rubuta Canja wurin tare da Kafaffen Jihohin Jira.

Abubuwan Hulɗar Sadarwar Sadarwa

N/A

Sunan agogon agogon wanda wannan Avalon-MM

dubawa yana aiki tare.

ci gaba…

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Suna

Default Value

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

hade sake saiti

N/A

Sunan sake saitin dubawa wanda ke sake saita dabaru akan

wannan Avalon-MM dubawa.

gadojiToHost

Avalon-MM Gadar Avalon-MM ta ƙunshi wakili da mai watsa shiri,

Sunan mai watsa shiri kuma yana da kadarorin da samun dama ga wakili

a kan

Neman byte ko bytes yana haifar da wannan byte ko

iri daya

bytes da mai gida ya nema. Avalon-MM

bangaren Pipeline Bridge a cikin bangaren Mai tsara Platform

ɗakin karatu yana aiwatar da wannan aikin.

Bayanan kula:
1. Ko da yake wannan kadara ta siffata na'urar wakili, runduna za su iya ayyana wannan kadara don ba da damar haɗin kai kai tsaye tsakanin rundunonin da suka dace da mu'amalar wakili.
2. Idan ma'auni na wakili yana karɓar ƙarin canja wurin karantawa fiye da izini, haɗin haɗin haɗin da ke jiran karatun FIFO na iya yin ambaliya tare da sakamako marasa tabbas. Wakilin na iya rasa bayanan karantawa ko hanyar karanta bayanan zuwa mahaɗan mara kyau. Ko, tsarin na iya kullewa. Dole ne mai haɗin keɓaɓɓen wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira don hana wannan ambaliya.

Bayani mai alaƙa · Matsayin Siginar Mahimman Bayanan Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa a shafi na 14 · Karanta kuma Rubuta Martani a shafi na 34
A cikin Jagorar Mai Amfani da Zane-zane: Intel Quartus® Prime Pro Edition

3.4. Lokaci
Fannin Avalon-MM yana aiki tare. Kowane mu'amalar Avalon-MM yana aiki tare da haɗin agogo mai alaƙa. Alamun na iya zama haɗuwa idan an kore su daga abubuwan da aka fitar na rijistar da suka yi aiki tare da siginar agogo. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ba ya yin bayanin yadda ko lokacin da sigina ke canzawa tsakanin gefuna agogo. Zane-zane na lokaci ba su da cikakkun bayanai na lokaci.

3.5. Canja wurin
Wannan sashe yana bayyana mahimman ra'ayoyi guda biyu kafin gabatar da nau'ikan canja wuri:
Canja wurin – Canja wurin aiki ne na karantawa ko rubuta kalma ko ɗaya ko fiye da alamar bayanai. Canje-canje yana faruwa tsakanin haɗin Avalon-MM da haɗin haɗin gwiwa. Canja wurin yana ɗaukar agogo ɗaya ko fiye don kammalawa.
Dukansu runduna da wakilai ɓangare ne na canja wuri. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon-MM ya fara canja wuri kuma wakilin Avalon-MM ya amsa.
· Biyu-Agent-Mai watsa shiri-Wannan kalmar tana nufin keɓancewar mai watsa shiri da keɓancewar wakili da ke cikin canja wuri. A lokacin canja wuri, ikon sarrafa mai watsa shirye-shirye da siginar bayanai suna wucewa ta masana'anta ta haɗin kai kuma suna yin hulɗa tare da ƙirar wakili.

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3.5.1. Canja wurin karatu da rubutu na al'ada

Wannan sashe yana bayyana ƙa'idar Avalon-MM na yau da kullun wanda ke goyan bayan karantawa da rubuta canja wuri tare da buƙatar jira mai sarrafa wakili. Wakilin na iya dakatar da haɗin kai don yawan hawan keke kamar yadda ake buƙata ta hanyar tabbatar da siginar jiran aiki. Idan wakili ya yi amfani da buƙatun jira don karantawa ko rubuta canja wuri, dole ne wakili ya yi amfani da buƙatar jira don duka biyun.

Wakili yawanci yana karɓar adireshi, mai shekaru goma sha huɗu, karantawa ko rubutawa, da rubuta bayanai bayan tashin agogon. Wakili yana tabbatar da buƙatar jira kafin tashin agogon agogon don kashe canja wuri. Lokacin da wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira, ana jinkirin canja wurin. Yayin da ake tabbatar da buƙatar jira, adireshi da sauran sigina na sarrafawa ana riƙe su akai-akai. Canja wurin ya cika a gefen tasowar clk na farko bayan da wakilin keɓaɓɓen kayan zaki ya ba da buƙatun jira.
Babu iyaka kan tsawon lokacin da keɓancewar wakili zai iya tsayawa. Don haka, dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa keɓancewar wakili ba ta tabbatar da buƙatar jira har abada ba. Hoto mai zuwa yana nuna karantawa da rubuta canja wuri ta amfani da buƙatar jira.

Lura:

Ana iya raba buƙatar jira daga karantawa da rubuta siginar buƙatun. Ana iya tabbatar da buƙatar jira yayin zagayawa marasa aiki. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon-MM na iya fara ciniki lokacin da aka tabbatar da buƙatun jira kuma a jira wannan siginar da za a ɗanɗana. Yanke buƙatar jira daga karantawa da rubuta buƙatun na iya inganta lokacin tsarin. Ƙaddamarwa tana kawar da madaidaicin madauki wanda ya haɗa da karantawa, rubutawa, da siginonin jiran aiki. Idan har ma ana buƙatar ƙarin haɗin gwiwa, yi amfani da dukiyar waitrequestAllowance. waitrequestAllowance yana samuwa farawa da Quartus® Prime Pro v17.1 Stratix® 10 ES Editions.

Hoto na 7.

Karanta kuma Rubuta Canje-canje tare da Taimakon Jira

clk

adireshin

mai yiwuwa

karanta rubuta bayanan jiran aiki

karatu

amsa

rubuta data

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Lambobin da ke cikin wannan zane-zane na lokaci, suna yin alamar canji mai zuwa: 1. adireshi, da ba za a iya ɗauka ba, da kuma karantawa ana tabbatar da su ne bayan hawan clk. The
wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira, yana dakatar da canja wurin. 2. buqatar jira shine sampjagoranci. Domin an tabbatar da buƙatar jira, zagayowar ta zama
a jira-jihar. adireshi, karantawa, rubutawa, da kuma waɗanda ba za a iya jurewa ba sun kasance koyaushe. 3. Wakilin deasserts waitrequest bayan tashin gefen clk. Wakilin ya tabbatar
karanta bayanai da amsa. 4. Mai gida samples readdata, amsa da deasserted jirage
kammala canja wuri. 5. adireshi, writedata, byteenable, da rubuta sigina ana tabbatarwa bayan da
tashi gefen clk. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira ya dakatar da canja wurin. 6. Wakilin deasserts waitrequest bayan tashin gefen clk. 7. Wakilin yana ɗaukar bayanan da aka rubuta yana ƙare canja wuri.

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3.5.2. Canje-canje Ta Amfani da Kayayyakin Ba da izinin jira

Kayayyakin waitrequestAllowance yana ƙayyadaddun adadin canja wurin mai masaukin AvalonMM zai iya bayarwa ko kuma dole ne wakilin Avalon-MM ya karɓa bayan an tabbatar da siginar jiran aiki. waitrequestAllowance yana samuwa farawa tare da sakin software na Intel Quartus Prime 17.1.
Tsohuwar ƙimar waitrequestAllowance shine 0, wanda yayi daidai da halayen da aka siffanta a Yawan Canja wurin Karatu da Rubutu, inda ikirari na jira ya hana canja wuri na yanzu daga bayarwa ko karɓa.
Wakilin Avalon-MM tare da ba da izinin jira fiye da 0 yawanci yana ba da buƙatar jira lokacin da buffer na ciki zai iya karɓar ƙarin shigarwar jiragequestAllowance kawai kafin ya cika. Avalon-MM runduna tare da waitrequestAllowance fiye da 0 suna da waitrequestAllowance ƙarin hawan keke don dakatar da aika canja wuri, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin bututun mai a cikin dabaru na rundunar. Dole ne mai watsa shiri ya sanya siginar karantawa ko rubutawa lokacin da aka kashe izinin buƙatun jira.
Ƙimar jiran izinin ba da izini sama da 0 yana goyan bayan ƙira mai sauri inda nau'ikan matsi na baya nan da nan zai iya haifar da raguwa a matsakaicin mitar aiki (FMAX) sau da yawa saboda haɗakar dabaru a cikin hanyar sarrafawa. Dole ne wakili na Avalon-MM ya goyi bayan duk yuwuwar lokacin canja wuri wanda ya dace da ƙimar jiran buƙatar izinin ba da izini. Don misaliample, wakili tare da waitrequestAllowance = 2 dole ne ya iya karɓar kowane nau'in canja wurin mai watsa shiri da aka nuna a cikin tsohon mai zuwa.amples.

Bayani Mai Mahimmanci Na Yawan Karatu da Rubutu Canje-canje a shafi na 21

3.5.2.1. waitrequestAllowance Daidai Biyu
Jadawalin lokaci mai zuwa yana kwatanta lokacin da mai masaukin Avalon-MM wanda ke da zagayowar agogo biyu don farawa da dakatar da aika canja wuri bayan kayan abinci na wakilin Avalon-MM ko kuma tabbatar da buƙatun jira, bi da bi.

Hoto 8. Mai watsa shiri rubuta: waitrequestAllowance yayi daidai da hawan agogo biyu

1 2

3 4

agogo

rubuta

bukatar jira

bayanai[7:0]

Bayani na 0A1A2

A3 A4

B0 B1

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Alamomi a cikin wannan adadi suna nuna abubuwan da suka faru:
1. Avalon-MM> Mai watsa shiri ya rubuta da bayanai.
2. Wakilin Avalon-MM> ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Saboda waitrequestAllowance shine 2, mai watsa shiri zai iya kammala ƙarin canja wurin bayanai guda 2.
3. Mai masaukin kayan zaki ya rubuta kamar yadda ake buƙata saboda wakili yana tabbatar da buƙatar jira don sake zagayowar na uku.
4. Avalon-MM> Mai watsa shiri ya rubuta da bayanai. Wakilin baya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Rubutun cikakke.
5. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon yana tafiyar da rubutu da bayanai duk da cewa wakili yana tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Domin ba da izinin jiran buƙatun keke biyu ne, rubutun ya ƙare.
6. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon yana tafiyar da rubutu da bayanai. Wakilin baya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Rubutun ya ƙare.

3.5.2.2. waitrequestAllowance Yayi Daidai da Daya
Jadawalin lokaci mai zuwa yana kwatanta lokacin da mai masaukin Avalon-MM wanda ke da zagayowar agogo ɗaya don farawa da dakatar da aika canja wuri bayan da wakilin Avalon-MM ya yi deasserts ko kuma tabbatar da buƙatar jira, bi da bi:
Hoto 9. Mai watsa shiri Rubuta: waitrequestAllowance daidai da zagayowar agogo ɗaya

1 klkc

23 4

6 7

rubuta

bukatar jira

bayanai[7:0]

Bayani na 0A1A2

A3 A4

B1 B2

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan adadi suna nuna abubuwan da suka faru:
1. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon-MM yana tafiyar da rubutu da bayanai.
2. Wakilin Avalon-MM ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Saboda waitrequestAllowance shine 1, mai watsa shiri na iya kammala rubutun.
3. Mai masaukin kayan abinci ya rubuta saboda wakili yana tabbatar da buƙatar jira don sake zagayowar na biyu.
4. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon-MM yana tafiyar da rubutu da bayanai. Wakilin baya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Rubutun cikakke.
5. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Saboda waitrequestAllowance shine zagaye 1, rubutun ya cika.

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6. Avalon-MM mai watsa shiri ya rubuta da bayanai. Wakilin baya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Rubutun ya ƙare.
7. Wakilin Avalon-MM ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Saboda waitrequestAllowance shine 1, mai watsa shiri na iya kammala ƙarin canja wurin bayanai guda ɗaya.
8. Mai watsa shiri na Avalon yana tafiyar da rubutu da bayanai. Wakilin baya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Rubutun ya ƙare.

3.5.2.3. waitrequestAllowance Daidai da Biyu – Ba Shawarwari ba

Hoton da ke gaba yana kwatanta lokaci don mai masaukin Avalon-MM> wanda zai iya aika canja wuri biyu bayan an tabbatar da buƙatar jira.

Wannan lokacin doka ne, amma ba a ba da shawarar ba. A cikin wannan exampMai watsa shiri yana ƙididdige adadin ma'amaloli maimakon adadin zagayowar agogo. Wannan hanya tana buƙatar ƙira wanda ke sa aiwatarwa ya fi rikitarwa kuma yana iya shafar rufewar lokaci.
Lokacin da mai watsa shiri ya ƙayyade lokacin da za a fitar da ma'amaloli tare da siginar jiran aiki da adadin yawan hawan keke, mai watsa shiri yana farawa ko dakatar da ma'amaloli dangane da sigina masu rijista.

Hoto 10. Ba da izinin jira yayi daidai da Canje-canje guda biyu

1 ku

rubuta

bukatar jira

data

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan adadi suna nuna abubuwan da suka faru masu zuwa: 1. Avalon-MM> mai masaukin baki yana rubutawa da sarrafa bayanai.
2. Wakilin Avalon-MM> ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira.
3. Avalon-MM> Mai watsa shiri ya rubuta da bayanai. Saboda waitrequestAllowance shine 2, mai watsa shiri yana fitar da bayanai cikin zagayowar 2 a jere.
4. Avalon-MM> mai masaukin kayan abinci ya rubuta saboda mai watsa shiri ya kashe 2-canja wurin jiran aikiAllowance.
5. Mai masaukin baki Avalon-MM> yana ba da rubutu da zaran an shayar da buƙatar jira.
6. Avalon-MM> Mai watsa shiri ya rubuta da bayanai. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira don sake zagayowar 1.
7. Don amsa buƙatar jira, mai masaukin Avalon-MM> yana riƙe da bayanai don hawan keke 2.

3.5.2.4. Haɗin Haɗin Ba da izinin jiran buƙata don Mai watsa shiri na Avalon-MM da Matsalolin Agent
Avalon-MM runduna da wakilai waɗanda ke goyan bayan siginar jiran aiki suna goyan bayan matsin lamba. Runduna tare da matsi na baya koyaushe suna iya haɗawa da wakilai ba tare da matsi na baya ba. Runduna ba tare da matsi na baya ba ba za su iya haɗawa da wakilai tare da matsi na baya ba.

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Tebura 11. Dacewar Buƙatun Ba da izinin Avalon-MM Mai Runduna da Wakilai

Mai watsa shiri da Wakilin jiran buƙatarAllowance

Daidaituwa

mai watsa shiri = 0 wakili = 0
mai gida = 0 wakili > 0

Yana bin ƙa'idodin daidaitawa iri ɗaya kamar daidaitattun musaya na Avalon-MM.
Haɗin kai tsaye ba zai yiwu ba. Ana buƙatar daidaitawa mai sauƙi don yanayin mai watsa shiri tare da siginar jiran aiki. Haɗin ba zai yiwu ba idan mai watsa shiri baya goyan bayan siginar jiran aiki.

mai watsa shiri> 0 wakili = 0
Mai watsa shiri> 0 wakili> 0

Haɗin kai tsaye ba zai yiwu ba. Ana buƙatar daidaitawa (masu buffer) yayin haɗawa da wakili tare da siginar jiran aiki ko ƙayyadaddun jihohin jira.
Ba a buƙatar daidaitawa idan izinin mai gida <= izinin wakili. Idan izinin mai masaukin <allancin wakili, ana iya saka rajistar bututun mai. Don haɗin kai-zuwa-aya, zaku iya ƙara rajistar bututun akan siginar umarni ko siginonin jiran aiki. Har zuwa yin rijista stages za a iya saka a inda shine bambanci tsakanin alawus. Haɗa mai watsa shiri tare da mafi girman jiran buƙatarAllowance fiye da wakili yana buƙatar buffering.

3.5.2.5. Sharuɗɗan Kuskuren Ba da izini
Halin ba shi da tabbas don idan ƙirar Avalon-MM ta keta ƙayyadaddun izinin izinin jira.
Idan mai masaukin baki ya keta ma'ajin waitrequestAllowance = ƙayyadaddun bayanai ta hanyar aika fiye da canja wuri, ana iya watsar da canja wuri ko lalata bayanai na iya faruwa.
Idan wakili ya tallata mafi girma jiran izininAllowance fiye da yuwuwa, ana iya watsar da wasu canja wuri ko lalata bayanai na iya faruwa.
3.5.3. Karanta kuma Rubuta Canje-canje tare da Kafaffen Jihohin Jiran
Wakili na iya ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun jihohin jira ta amfani da readWaitTime da rubuta kaddarorinWaitTime. Amfani da kafaffen jihohin jira shine madadin amfani da buƙatar jira don dakatar da canja wuri. Adireshin da siginonin sarrafawa (na goma sha huɗu, karantawa, da rubutawa) ana yin su akai-akai na tsawon lokacin canja wuri. Saita readWaitTime ko rubutaWaitTime zuwa yayi daidai da tabbatar da buƙatar jira don hawan keke ta hanyar canja wuri.
A cikin adadi mai zuwa, wakilin yana da rubutaWaitTime = 2 kuma ya karantaWaitTime = 1.

Ƙayyadaddun Fassarar Avalon® 26

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Hoto na 11.

Karanta kuma Rubuta Canja wurin tare da Kafaffen Jihohin Jira a Ma'auni na Agent

clk

adireshin

mai yiwuwa

karanta

rubuta bayanan mayar da martani rubuta bayanan

amsa karanta bayanai

rubuta data

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan zane na lokaci suna yin alamar canji mai zuwa:
1. Mai watsa shiri ya ba da adireshi kuma ya karanta a gefen hawan clk.
2. Gefen hawan clk na gaba yana nuna ƙarshen farkon da zagayowar jiha kawai. Adadin WaitTime shine 1.
3. Wakilin yana tabbatar da bayanan karantawa da amsawa akan haɓakar gefen clk. Canja wurin karatu ya ƙare.
4. writedata, adireshi, byteenable, da rubuta sigina suna samuwa ga wakili.
5. Rubutun canja wuri yana ƙare bayan zagayowar jihohi 2.
Ana amfani da canja wuri tare da jihar jira guda ɗaya don abubuwan kashe guntuwar kekuna da yawa. Wurin yana ɗaukar adireshi da sigina na sarrafawa a gefen haɓakar clk. Wurin yana da cikakken zagayowar guda ɗaya don dawo da bayanai.
An ba da izinin abubuwan da ba su da sifili. Koyaya, abubuwan da ke da sifilin jira na iya rage mitar da ake iya samu. Jihohin jira ba safai suna buƙatar ɓangaren don samar da amsa a cikin zagayowar da aka gabatar da buƙatar.

3.5.4. Canja wurin bututu
Canja wurin karanta bututun Avalon-MM yana haɓaka kayan aiki don na'urorin wakili na aiki tare waɗanda ke buƙatar hawan keke da yawa don dawo da bayanai don samun damar farko. Irin waɗannan na'urori na iya yawanci dawo da ƙimar bayanai ɗaya a kowane zagaye na ɗan lokaci bayan haka. Sabbin canja wurin karanta bututun na iya farawa kafin a dawo da bayanan karanta bayanan da suka gabata.
Canja wurin karanta bututu yana da lokacin adireshi da lokacin bayanai. Mai watsa shiri yana fara canja wuri ta hanyar gabatar da adireshin yayin lokacin adireshin. Wakili yana cika canja wuri ta hanyar isar da bayanan yayin lokacin bayanan. Matsayin adireshin sabon canja wuri (ko canja wuri da yawa) na iya farawa kafin lokacin canja wuri na baya ya ƙare. Ana kiran jinkirin latency. Latency na bututu shine tsawon lokaci daga ƙarshen lokacin adireshin zuwa farkon lokacin bayanan.

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Lokacin canja wuri don jihohin jira da jinkirin bututun bututu suna da bambance-bambance masu zuwa:
Jihohin jira – Jihohin jira sun ƙayyade tsawon lokacin adireshin. Jihohin jira sun iyakance iyakar abin da ake fitarwa na tashar jiragen ruwa. Idan wakili yana buƙatar jihar jira guda ɗaya don amsa buƙatun canja wuri, tashar jiragen ruwa tana buƙatar hawan agogo biyu a kowane canja wuri.
Latency Pipeline – Lat ɗin bututu yana ƙayyade lokacin har sai an dawo da bayanai ba tare da lokacin adireshin ba. Wakilin bututun da ba shi da jahohin jirage zai iya ɗaukar canja wuri ɗaya a kowane zagaye. Koyaya, wakili na iya buƙatar sake zagayowar latency da yawa don dawo da rukunin farko na bayanai.
Ana iya tallafawa jihohin jira da karatun bututun mai a lokaci guda. Latency bututun na iya zama ko dai ƙayyadaddun ko m.

3.5.4.1. Canja wurin Karatu Mai Rubutu tare da Sauyawa Latency
Bayan ɗaukar adireshi da siginar sarrafawa, wakili mai bututun Avalon-MM yana ɗaukar hawan keke ɗaya ko fiye don samar da bayanai. Wakilin mai bututun na iya samun canja wurin karantawa da yawa a kowane lokaci.
Canja wurin karanta bututun mai canzawa-latency:
Ana buƙatar ƙarin sigina ɗaya, readdatavalid, wanda ke nuna lokacin da bayanan karanta suke aiki.
Haɗa saitin sigina iri ɗaya kamar canja wurin karantawa mara bututu.
A cikin canja wurin karanta bututun mai-latency, Maɓallan Wakilan da ke amfani da readdatavalid ana ɗaukar su bututu tare da latency mai canzawa. Ana iya tabbatar da bayanan karantawa da siginoni marasa inganci waɗanda suka dace da umarnin karantawa bayan an tabbatar da umarnin karantawa, da farko.
Dole ne wakili ya dawo da bayanan karatu a cikin tsari guda wanda aka karɓi umarnin karantawa. Mashigai masu bututun mai tare da latency mai canzawa dole ne suyi amfani da buƙatar jira. Wakilin na iya tabbatar da buƙatar jira don dakatar da canja wurin don kiyaye adadin karbabben canja wurin da ake jira. Wakili na iya tabbatar da readdata ingantacce don canja wurin bayanai zuwa mai masaukin baki ba tare da la'akari da ko wakilin yana dakatar da sabon umarni tare da buƙatar jira ba.

Lura:

Matsakaicin adadin canja wuri mai jiran aiki mallakin keɓantawar wakili ne. Ƙirƙirar haɗin haɗin kai yana gina ma'ana don hanyar karanta bayanan zuwa neman runduna ta amfani da wannan lambar. Ƙwararren wakili, ba masana'anta mai haɗin kai ba, dole ne ya bi diddigin adadin adadin karatun da ake jira. Dole ne wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira don hana adadin karatun da ake jira ya wuce matsakaicin lamba. Idan wakili yana da waitrequestAllowance> 0, dole ne wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira da wuri don jimlar canja wurin da ake jira, gami da waɗanda aka karɓa yayin da ake tabbatar da buƙatar jira, ba za su wuce iyakar adadin canja wurin da aka kayyade ba.

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Hoto na 12.

Canja-canjen Karatu tare da Canja-canjen Latency

Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna adadin masu karantawa da yawa. Ana bututun wakili tare da latency mai canzawa. A cikin wannan adadi, wakilin zai iya karɓar iyakar canja wuri biyu masu jiran gado. Wakilin yana amfani da buƙatar jira don guje wa wuce gona da iri.

clk

adireshin

addr1

addr2

addr3

addr4

addr5

karanta

bukatar jira

karanta bayanan karatun inganci

data 1

data2

data 3

data4

data5

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan zane na lokaci, yi alama ga canje-canje masu zuwa:
1. Mai watsa shiri ya tabbatar da adireshi kuma ya karanta, yana fara canja wurin karantawa.
2. Wakilin ya kama addr1.
3. Wakilin ya kama addr2.
4. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatun jira saboda wakilin ya riga ya karɓi iyakar karatu biyu masu jiran gado, yana haifar da canja wuri na uku ya tsaya.
5. Wakilin yana tabbatar da bayanai1, amsa ga addr1. Wakilin ya ba da buƙatun jira.
6. Wakilin ya kama addr3. Haɗin haɗin yana ɗaukar bayanai1.
7. Wakilin ya kama addr4. Haɗin haɗin yana ɗaukar bayanai2.
8. Wakilin yana fitar da readdatavalid da readdata don mayar da martani ga canja wurin karatu na uku.
9. Wakilin ya kama addr5. Haɗin kai yana ɗaukar bayanai3. Siginar karantawa an ɗanɗana. Darajar buƙatar jira ba ta da dacewa.
10. Haɗin kai yana ɗaukar bayanai4.
11. Wakilin yana tafiyar da data5 kuma yana faɗin readdatavalid yana kammala tsarin bayanan don canja wurin karantawa na ƙarshe.
Idan wakilin ba zai iya ɗaukar canja wurin rubutu ba yayin aiwatar da canja wurin karantawa, dole ne wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira kuma ya dakatar da aikin rubuta har sai an kammala canja wurin karatun. Ƙididdigar Avalon-MM ba ta ayyana ƙimar bayanan karantawa a yayin da wakili ya karɓi canja wurin rubutu zuwa adireshin iri ɗaya azaman canja wurin karantawa a halin yanzu.
3.5.4.2. Canja wurin Karatu Mai Bututu tare da Kafaffen Latency
Matsayin adireshin don ƙayyadadden canja wurin karanta latency yayi daidai da yanayin latency mai canzawa. Bayan lokacin adireshi, bututun mai tare da tsayayyen jinkirin karantawa yana ɗaukar ƙayyadadden adadin zagayowar agogo don dawo da ingantaccen bayanan karantawa. Kaddarar readLatency tana ƙayyadaddun adadin zagayowar agogo don dawo da ingantaccen bayanan karantawa. Haɗin haɗin gwiwar yana ɗaukar bayanan karantawa a kan madaidaicin agogo mai tashi, yana ƙare lokacin bayanan.

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Yayin lokacin adireshin, mai iya ba da buƙatar jira don dakatar da canja wuri. Ko, da ƙaramar Latency don ƙayyadadden adadin jihohin jira. Matsayin adireshin yana ƙarewa a gefen haɓaka na gaba na clk bayan jihohin jira, idan akwai.

A lokacin lokacin bayanan, masu sarrafa bayanan bayanan bayan tsayayyen latency. Don jinkirin karatu na , dole ne ya gabatar da ingantaccen bayanan karantawa akan tasowa gefen clk bayan ƙarshen lokacin adireshin.

Hoto na 13.

Canja wurin Karatu Mai Rubutu tare da Kafaffen Latency na Kewayoyin Biyu

Hoto mai zuwa yana nuna yawan canja wurin bayanai tsakanin mai watsa shiri da bututun mai. Neman jiran tuƙi don dakatar da canja wuri kuma yana da ƙayyadaddun lattin karantawa na hawan keke 2.

clk

adireshin

addr1

addr2 addr3

karanta

bukatar jira

karatu

data1

data2 data3

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan zane na lokaci, yi alama ga canje-canje masu zuwa: 1. Mai watsa shiri yana fara canja wurin karatu ta hanyar tabbatar da karantawa da addr1. 2. An tabbatar da buƙatar jira don dakatar da canja wuri na zagaye ɗaya. 3. Abubuwan kama addr1 a gefen hawan clk. Matsayin adireshin ya ƙare a nan. 4. The gabatar m readdata bayan 2 hawan keke, kawo karshen canja wuri. 5. addr2 da karantawa an tabbatar da su don sabon canja wurin karatu. 6. Mai watsa shiri ya fara canja wurin karantawa na uku a lokacin zagaye na gaba, kafin bayanan daga
an mayar da kafin canja wuri.

3.5.5. Fashe Canja wurin
Fashe yana aiwatar da canja wuri da yawa azaman naúrar, maimakon kula da kowace kalma da kanta. Fashewa na iya haɓaka kayan aiki don tashar jiragen ruwa na wakilai waɗanda ke samun ingantaccen aiki yayin sarrafa kalmomi da yawa a lokaci guda, kamar SDRAM. Tasirin fashewa shine don kulle yanke hukunci na tsawon lokacin fashe. Fashewar Avalon-MM mai fashewa wanda ke goyan bayan karantawa da rubutu duka dole ne su goyi bayan fashe karatu da rubutu.
Fashewar musaya na Avalon-MM sun haɗa da siginar fitarwa mai fashewa. Idan wakili yana da shigarwar ƙididdiga, wakilin yana iya fashe.
Siginar fashewa yana aiki kamar haka:
· A farkon fashe, ƙididdige ƙididdiga yana gabatar da adadin canja wuri a cikin fashe.
· Domin fadin na fashewa, matsakaicin tsayin fashe shine 2( -1) .Ƙarancin fashe tsawon shari'a ɗaya ne.

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Don tallafawa wakili karanta fashe, wakili kuma dole ne ya goyi bayan:
· Jiran jihohi tare da siginar jiran aiki.
Canja wuri mai bututu tare da latency mai canzawa tare da siginar karanta bayanai.
A farkon fashe, wakilin yana ganin adireshin da ƙimar tsayin fashe akan fashe ƙididdiga. Don fashe tare da adireshi da ƙimar fashewa , dole ne wakili ya yi canja wuri a jere daga adireshi . Fashewar ya cika bayan wakilin ya karɓi (rubuta) ko ya dawo (karanta) ɗin maganar data. Dole ne wakili mai fashewa ya ɗauki adireshi da fashe ƙidaya sau ɗaya kawai ga kowane fashe. Dole ne maƙasudin wakili ya ba da adireshi ga kowa amma canja wurin farko a cikin fashe. Wakili kuma na iya amfani da siginar shigarwa ta farawa fashewa, wanda haɗin haɗin gwiwar ke faɗi akan zagayowar farko na kowane fashe.
3.5.5.1. Rubuta Fashe
Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna aiki lokacin da fashewar rubutu ta fara da fashe ƙirga fiye da ɗaya:
· Lokacin fashewar ƙididdiga na an gabatar da shi a farkon fashe, dole ne wakili ya karɓa raka'o'in rubuta bayanai masu zuwa don kammala fashe. Ana ci gaba da zama a kulle sasantawa tsakanin wakilai-mai masaukin baki har sai fashewar ta ƙare. Wannan makullin yana ba da garantin cewa babu wani mai watsa shiri da zai iya aiwatar da ma'amaloli akan wakili har sai an gama rubutawa.
● Dole ne wakili ya ɗauki bayanan rubutu kawai lokacin da aka rubuta fayyace. A lokacin fashe, mai watsa shiri na iya yin kayan zaki da rubutu wanda ke nuna cewa bayanan rubutu ba su da inganci. Rubutun Deasserting baya ƙare fashe. Rubutun kayan zaki yana jinkirta fashe kuma babu wani mai watsa shiri da zai iya samun dama ga wakili, yana rage ingancin canja wuri.
· Wakilin yana jinkirta canja wuri ta hanyar tabbatar da buƙatun jira don tilasta rubuta bayanai, rubutawa, ƙididdige ƙididdiga, da waɗanda za a iya ɗauka akai akai.
Ayyukan siginar goma sha ɗaya iri ɗaya ne don fashewa da abubuwan da ba su fashe ba. Don fashe-rubutu na 32-bit zuwa wakili 64-bit, farawa daga adireshin byte 4, canja wurin rubutu na farko da wakilin ya gani yana a adireshinsa 0, tare da byteenable = 8'b11110000. The byteenables na iya canzawa don kalmomi daban-daban na fashe.
Ba lallai ne a tabbatar da sigina goma sha goma ba. Fashe mai masaukin baki rubuta sassan kalmomi na iya amfani da siginar goma sha biyar don gane bayanan da ake rubutawa.
· Rubuce-rubuce tare da sigina goma sha huɗu kasancewar duk 0 ana aika su kawai ga wakilin AvalonMM azaman ingantacciyar ma'amala.
· Ƙimar BurstBehavior na dindindin yana ƙayyadaddun halayen fashewar sigina.
- Lokacin da akai-akaiBurstBehavior gaskiya ne ga mai watsa shiri, mai watsa shiri yana riƙe adireshi da fashe kirga a duk lokacin fashe. Lokacin da gaskiya ga wakili, akai-akaiBurstBehavior yana bayyana cewa wakilin yana tsammanin adireshi da fashewar ƙididdiga za su kasance tabbatacciya a duk lokacin fashewa.
- Lokacin da akai-akaiBurstBehavior karya ne, mai watsa shiri yana riƙe adireshi da fashe kirga kawai don ma'amala ta farko ta fashe. Lokacin da akai-akaiBurstBehavior karya ne, wakilin sampadireshi da fashewa kawai akan ma'amala ta farko ta fashe.

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Hoto na 14.

Rubuta Fashe tare da Saitin BurstA koyaushe zuwa Ƙarya don Mai watsa shiri da Wakili

Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna wakili ya rubuta fashe tsawon 4. A cikin wannan misaliample, wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira sau biyu yana jinkirta fashe.

clk

adireshin

addr1

farabursttransfer

fashewa

rubuta

rubuta data

data1

data2

data3

data4

bukatar jira

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan zane na lokaci suna yin alamar canji mai zuwa:
1. Mai watsa shiri yana tabbatar da adireshi, ƙididdige ƙididdigewa, rubuta, kuma yana fitar da rukunin farko na rubuta bayanai.
2. Nan da nan wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira, yana nuna cewa wakilin bai shirya ci gaba da canja wurin ba.
3. Neman jira yana da ƙasa. Wakilin yana ɗaukar addr1, burstcount, da rukunin farko na rubuta bayanai. A kan zagayowar canja wuri na gaba, adireshi da fashe ƙidaya ba a yi watsi da su.
4. Wakilin yana ɗaukar raka'a na biyu na bayanai a gefen tasowa na clk.
5. An dakatar da fashe yayin da ake rubutu.
6. Wakilin yana ɗaukar raka'a na uku na bayanai a gefen haɓakar clk.
7. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira. Don amsawa, duk abubuwan da aka fitar ana riƙe su akai-akai ta wani zagayowar agogo.
8. Wakilin yana ɗaukar raka'a na ƙarshe na bayanai akan wannan tashin gefen clk. Wakilin ya rubuta fashe ƙarewa.
A cikin hoton da ke sama, ana tabbatar da siginar farawa don zagayen agogo na farko na fashe kuma ana yayyafa shi akan zagayowar agogo na gaba. Ko da wakili ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira, ana tabbatar da siginar farawa na farawa don zagayowar agogon farko.
Bayanai masu alaƙa
Interface Properties a shafi na 17

3.5.5.2. Karanta Fashe
Fashewar karantawa yayi kama da tura bututun karantawa tare da latency mai canzawa. Fashewar karatun yana da adireshi daban-daban da matakan bayanai. readdatavalid yana nuna lokacin da wakili ke gabatar da ingantaccen bayanan karantawa. Ba kamar canja wurin karanta bututun ba, adireshin fashe karantawa ɗaya yana haifar da canja wurin bayanai da yawa.

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Waɗannan ƙa'idodi sun shafi karanta fashe:
· Lokacin da mai watsa shiri ya haɗa kai tsaye zuwa wakili, adadin fashe yana nufin dole ne wakili ya dawo kalmomin karatun bayanan don kammala fashewa. Don lokuta inda haɗin kai ya haɗu da mai watsa shiri da nau'i-nau'i na wakili, haɗin haɗin yana iya kashe umarnin karantawa da aka aika daga mai watsa shiri zuwa wakili. Domin misaliampko, idan mai watsa shiri ya aika umarnin karantawa tare da ƙima mai ƙima na 0, haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa zai iya kashe karatun. Sakamakon haka, wakilin baya amsa umarnin karantawa.
· Wakilin yana gabatar da kowace kalma ta hanyar samar da bayanan karantawa da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen karantawa don sake zagayowar. Ƙaddamar da jinkirin da aka karanta bayanan amma baya ƙare lokacin fashe bayanai.
Don karantawa tare da fashewa> 1, Intel yana ba da shawarar tabbatar da duk shekarun goma sha biyar.

Lura:

Intel ya ba da shawarar cewa fashe masu iya aiki ba su da illolin karantawa. (Wannan ƙayyadaddun ba ya bada garantin yawan bytes da mai watsa shiri ya karanta daga wakilin don biyan bukata.)

Hoto na 15.

Karanta Fashe

Hoto mai zuwa yana kwatanta tsarin tare da fashe runduna guda biyu masu shiga wakili. Lura cewa Mai watsa shiri B na iya tuƙi

buqatar karantawa kafin bayanan sun dawo don Mai watsa shiri A.

clk

Adireshin A0 (Mai watsa shiri A) Mai watsa shiri A1 (B)

karanta

farabursttransfer

bukatar jira

fashewa

karantadata inganci

karatu

D(A0)D(A0+1) D(A0+2D)(A0+3)D(A1)D(A1+1)

Lambobin da ke cikin wannan zane na lokaci, yi alama ga canje-canje masu zuwa:
1. Mai watsa shiri A yana ba da adireshi (A0), ƙididdige ƙididdiga, da karantawa bayan tashin gefen clk. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatar jira, yana haifar da duk abubuwan da aka shigar sai dai fara fashewar canja wuri akai-akai ta wani zagayen agogon.
2. Wakilin ya ɗauki A0 da fashe ƙididdiga a wannan haɓakar gefen clk. Sabuwar canja wuri na iya farawa a zagaye na gaba.
3. Mai watsa shiri B adireshi (A1), fashewa, da karantawa. Wakilin ya tabbatar da buƙatun jira, yana haifar da duk abubuwan da aka shigar banda fara fashewar canja wuri akai-akai. Wakilin zai iya dawo da bayanan karantawa daga buƙatun karantawa na farko a wannan lokacin, da farko.

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4. Wakilin yana gabatar da ingantaccen bayanan karantawa kuma yana faɗin readdatavalid, yana canja kalmar farko na bayanai don mai watsa shiri A.
5. Ana canja wurin kalma ta biyu na mai watsa shiri A. Wakilin kayan zaki yana karanta bayanan daidaitaccen dakatar da fashewar karatun. Tashar jiragen ruwa na wakili na iya ci gaba da karantawa ingantacciyar deaserted don adadin sa'o'i na sabani.
6. An dawo da kalmar farko na mai masaukin B.
3.5.5.3. Fashewar Layi
Na'urori masu sarrafawa tare da caches na umarni suna samun inganci ta amfani da fashe-nade-tsaye. Lokacin da na'ura mai sarrafawa ke buƙatar bayanan da ba a cikin cache ba, dole ne mai sarrafa cache ya cika dukkan layin cache. Don na'ura mai sarrafawa mai girman layin cache na 64 bytes, kuskuren cache yana sa ana karanta bytes 64 daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Idan mai sarrafawa ya karanta daga adireshin 0xC lokacin da cache ya ɓace, to, mai sarrafa cache mara inganci zai iya ba da fashe a adireshin 0, yana haifar da bayanai daga adiresoshin karanta 0x0, 0x4, 0x8, 0xC, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18, . . . 0x3c ku. Ba a samun bayanan da aka nema har sai an karanta na huɗu. Tare da fashe layin layi, odar adireshin shine 0xC, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18, . . . 0x3C, 0x0, 0x4, da 0x8. Ana dawo da bayanan da aka nema tukuna. Duk layin cache yana ƙarshe yana cika daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
3.5.6. Karanta kuma a Rubuta Amsoshi
Ga kowane wakilin Avalon-MM, dole ne a sarrafa umarni ta hanyar da ba ta da haɗari. Karanta kuma rubuta batun martani a cikin tsari da umarnin da aka karɓa.
3.5.6.1. Odar ciniki don Avalon-MM Karanta kuma Rubuta Amsoshi (Masu Runduna da Wakilai)
Ga kowane mai masaukin Avalon-MM: · Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mu'amalar Avalon yana ba da garantin yin umarni ga wakili iri ɗaya.
isa ga wakili a cikin oda, kuma wakilin ya amsa cikin oda. Wakilai daban-daban na iya karɓa da amsa umarni a cikin wani tsari daban wanda mai watsa shiri ya ba su. Lokacin da ya yi nasara, wakilin yana amsawa a cikin oda. Amsoshi (idan akwai) suna dawowa cikin tsari na umarni, ko da kuwa karanta ko rubuta umarnin na wakilai iri ɗaya ne ko daban-daban. Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mu'amalar Avalon baya bada garantin odar ciniki tsakanin runduna daban-daban.
3.5.6.2. Avalon-MM Karanta kuma Rubuta Amsoshi Tsarin Lokaci
Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna karɓar umarni da odar batun umarni don karantawa da rubuta martani ga Avalon-MM. Saboda mu'amalar karantawa da rubutawa suna raba siginar amsawa, mai dubawa ba zai iya fitowa ko karɓar amsa rubutawa da martanin karantawa a cikin zagayowar agogo ɗaya ba.
Karanta martani, aika amsa ɗaya don kowane bayanan karantawa. Tsawon lokacin karatu ya fashe sakamako a martani.

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Rubuta amsa, aika amsa guda ɗaya don kowane umarni rubuta. Rubutun fashe yana haifar da amsa ɗaya kawai. Ƙwararren wakili yana aika amsa bayan karɓar canja wurin rubutu na ƙarshe a cikin fashe. Lokacin da keɓancewa ya haɗa da siginar amsawa mara inganci, duk umarnin rubutawa dole ne ya cika tare da rubuta martani.

Hoto 16. Avalon-MM Karanta kuma Rubuta Amsoshi Tsarin Lokaci

clk

adireshin

karanta

rubuta

karantadata inganci

rubuta amsa ba daidai ba

amsa

3.5.6.2.1. Mafi qarancin amsa Latency Jadawalin lokaci tare da ingantaccen karanta bayanai ko rubuta amsa ba daidai ba

Don musaya tare da ingantaccen karantawa ko rubutawa ba daidai ba ne, tsoho mafi ƙarancin kewayon ResponseLatency na iya haifar da wahalar rufe lokaci akan rundunonin Avalon-MM.

Zane-zane na lokaci masu zuwa suna nuna ɗabi'a don ƙaramin amsa Lantarki na zagayowar 1 ko 2. Lura cewa ainihin jinkirin mayar da martani na iya zama mafi ƙarancin ƙima da aka yarda kamar yadda waɗannan zane-zanen lokaci suka kwatanta.

Hoto 17. mafi ƙarancin amsa Latency daidai da Zagaye ɗaya

karanta clk
bayanan karantawa

1 mafi ƙarancin jinkirin sake zagayowar

Hoto 18. mafi ƙarancin amsa Latency Daidai da Kewaya Biyu clk
karanta mafi ƙarancin zagayawa 2 ResponseLatency
bayanan karantawa

Daidaituwa
Abubuwan mu'amala tare da mafi ƙarancin amsa Latency suna yin mu'amala ba tare da wani karbuwa ba. Idan mai watsa shiri yana da mafi ƙarancin amsa Latency fiye da wakili, yi amfani da rajistar bututun don rama bambance-bambance. Dole ne a yi rajistar bututun mai

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jinkirta karanta bayanan daga wakili. Idan wakilin yana da mafi ƙarancin amsa Latency fiye da mai watsa shiri, mu'amalar suna iya mu'amala da juna ba tare da daidaitawa ba.

3.6. Daidaita adireshin
Haɗin haɗin kai yana goyan bayan hanyoyin shiga masu layi ɗaya kawai. Mai watsa shiri na iya fitar da adireshi masu yawa na fadin bayanansa a alamomin kawai. Mai masaukin baki na iya rubuta sassan kalmomi ta hanyar desserting wasu 'yan shekarun baya. Domin misaliample, abubuwan da aka rubuta na 2 bytes a adireshin 2 shine 4'b1100.

3.7. Avalon-MM Agent Jawabin

Ƙimar bas mai ƙarfi tana sarrafa bayanai yayin canja wuri tsakanin nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na ma'auni na bayanai daban-daban. Bayanan wakilai suna daidaitawa a cikin baiti masu jujjuyawa a cikin sararin adireshi mai masaukin baki.

Idan faɗin bayanan rundunar ya fi faɗin bayanan wakili, kalmomi a cikin taswirar sararin adireshin uwar gida zuwa wurare da yawa a cikin sararin adireshin wakili. Don misaliample, mai watsa shiri 32-bit da aka karanta daga wakili na 16-bit yana haifar da canja wurin karantawa guda biyu a gefen wakili. Ana karantawa zuwa adiresoshin jere.

Idan mai masaukin ya fi wakili kunkuntar, to, haɗin gwiwar yana sarrafa hanyoyin byte na wakili. Yayin canja wurin karatun mai masaukin baki, haɗin gwiwar yana gabatar da hanyoyin byte ɗin da suka dace kawai na bayanan wakili ga mafi ƙanƙanta mai watsa shiri. A lokacin da mai masaukin baki rubuta canja wuri, haɗin haɗin gwiwa
yana tabbatar da sigina goma sha biyar ta atomatik don rubuta bayanai kawai zuwa ƙayyadadden hanyoyin byte na wakili.

Dole ne wakilai su sami faɗin bayanai na 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 ko 1024 bits. Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna jeri don bayanan wakilai na faɗin faɗin daban-daban a cikin ma'aikacin 32-bit yana yin cikakken damar shiga kalma. A cikin wannan tebur, OFFSET[N] yana nufin adadin adadin kalmar da aka saita zuwa sararin adireshin wakili.

Tebura 12. Matsakaicin Girman Bus ɗin Mai watsa shiri-zuwa-Aikin Adireshin Taswirar

Adireshin Byte Mai watsa shiri (1)

Shiga

0 x00

0 x04

0 x08

32-Bit Mai watsa shiri Data

Lokacin Samun damar Interface Agent 8-Bit

Lokacin Samun damar Interface Agent 16-Bit

KASHE[0]7...0

KASHE[0]15...0 (2)

OFFSET[1]7..0 OFFSET[2]7..0 OFFSET[3]7..0

KASHE[1]15...0 — —

KASHE[4]7...0

KASHE[2]15...0

OFFSET[5]7..0 OFFSET[6]7..0 OFFSET[7]7..0

KASHE[3]15...0 — —

KASHE[8]7...0

KASHE[4]15...0

KASHE[9]7...0

KASHE[5]15...0

Lokacin Samun damar Interface Interface 64-Bit Agent OFFSET[0]31..0 — — —
KASHE[0]63..32 — — —
KASHE[1]31...0 —
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Adireshin Byte Mai watsa shiri (1)

Shiga

Lokacin Samun damar Interface Agent 8-Bit

32-Bit Mai watsa shiri Data
Lokacin Samun damar Interface Agent 16-Bit

KASHE[10]7...0

—

KASHE[11]7...0

—

0x0c ku

KASHE[12]7...0

KASHE[6]15...0

KASHE[13]7...0

KASHE[7]15...0

KASHE[14]7...0

—

4 Da sauransu

OFFSET[15]7..0 Da sauransu

- Da sauransu

Bayanan kula: 1. Ko da yake mai watsa shiri yana fitar da adiresoshin byte, mai watsa shiri yana samun cikakkun kalmomi 32-bit. 2. Ga duk shigarwar wakili, [ ] shine kalmar kashewa kuma ma'auni na lissafin su ne bits a cikin kalmar.

Lokacin Samun damar Interface Agent 64-Bit - -
OFFSET[1]63..32 — — — Da sauransu

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4. Avalon Interrupt Interfaces
Abubuwan musaya na Avalon Interrupt suna ba da damar abubuwan da suka shafi wakili don siginar abubuwan da suka faru don ɗaukar nauyin abubuwan. Don misaliample, mai sarrafa DMA na iya katse mai sarrafa masarrafa bayan ya gama canja wurin DMA.

4.1. Mai aikawa da Katsewa
Mai aikawa da katse yana fitar da siginar katse guda ɗaya zuwa mai karɓar katsewa. Dole ne lokacin siginar irq ya kasance daidai da ƙarshen tashin agogon da ke da alaƙa. irq ba shi da dangantaka da kowane canja wuri a kan kowane nau'i. Dole ne a tabbatar da irq har sai an yarda da shi akan haɗin haɗin Avalon-MM wakili.
Katsewa takamaiman sassa ne. Mai karɓar yawanci yana ƙayyade martanin da ya dace ta karanta rajistar matsayi na katsewa daga mahaɗin wakili na Avalon-MM.

4.1.1. Matsayin Siginar Mai Aiko Katse Avalon

Tebura 13. Katse Ayyukan Siginar Aiki

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

Da ake bukata

irq irq_n

1-32

Fitowa

Bayani
Neman Katsewa. Mai aikawa da katse yana fitar da siginar katsewa zuwa mai karɓar katsewa.

4.1.2. Katse Kayayyakin Masu aikawa

Tebur 14. Katse Kayayyakin Masu aikawa

Sunan Dukiya

Default Value

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

hadeAddressabl

N/A

ePoint

hadeClock

N/A

Sunan wakilin Avalon-MM akan wannan bangaren.
Sunan agogon agogo akan wannan
bangaren.

Sunan wakilin Avalon-MM wanda ke ba da damar yin rajista don sabis na katsewa.
Sunan agogon agogon da wannan mai aika katsewa yayi aiki tare. Mai aikawa da mai karɓa na iya samun ƙima daban-daban don wannan kadarorin.

hade sake saiti

N/A

Sunan sake saiti

Sunan hanyar sake saiti wanda wannan ya katse zuwa gare shi

dubawa akan wannan

mai aikawa yana aiki tare.

bangaren.

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4.2. Katse mai karɓa
Maɓallin mai karɓar katsewa yana karɓar katsewa daga mu'amalar mai aikawa. Abubuwan da ke tare da mu'amalar mai masaukin baki na Avalon-MM na iya haɗawa da mai karɓar katsewa don gano katsewa da aka tabbatar ta hanyar abubuwan da aka haɗa tare da katse musanya mai aikawa. Mai karɓar katse yana karɓar buƙatun katse daga kowane mai aikawa da katse azaman keɓantaccen bit.

4.2.1. Matsayin Siginar Mai Karɓar Avalon

Tebur 15. Matsayin Siginar Mai karɓa Katsewa

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

Da ake bukata

irq

Shigarwa

Bayani
irq da -bit vector, inda kowane bit yayi daidai kai tsaye ga mai aikawa na IRQ guda ɗaya ba tare da wani zato na fifiko ba.

4.2.2. Katse Kayayyakin Mai karɓa

Tebur 16. Katse Kayayyakin Mai karɓa

Sunan Dukiya

Default Value

Ƙimar Shari'a

Bayani

Abubuwan da ake magana da shi

N/A

Sunan sunan Avalon-MM mai masaukin baki da aka yi amfani da shi don

An sami katsewar sabis na Avalon-MM akan wannan ƙa'idar.

mai masaukin baki

dubawa

hadeClock

N/A

Sunan wani sunan Avalon Clock interface wanda wannan

Avalon

katse mai karɓa yana aiki tare. Mai aikawa da

Agogo

mai karɓa na iya samun ƙima daban-daban don wannan kadarar.

dubawa

hade sake saiti

N/A

Sunan sunan sake saitin dubawa wanda wannan ya katse zuwa gare shi

Avalon

mai karɓa yana aiki tare.

Sake saiti

dubawa

4.2.3. Katse Lokaci

Mai masaukin Avalon-MM yana ba da fifiko 0 katsewa kafin fifiko 1 katsewa.

Hoto na 19.

Katse Lokaci

A cikin adadi mai zuwa, katse 0 yana da fifiko mafi girma. Mai karɓar katsewa yana kan aiwatar da sarrafa int1

lokacin da int0 aka tabbatar. Ana kiran mai sarrafa int0 kuma ya kammala. Sannan, mai sarrafa int1 ya koma. The

zane yana nuna kayan zaki int0 a lokaci 1. int1 kayan zaki a lokaci 2.

clk

Buƙatun int0 guda ɗaya
zan 1

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5. Avalon Streaming Interfaces

Kuna iya amfani da musaya na Avalon Streaming (Avalon-ST) don abubuwan da ke fitar da babban bandwidth, ƙarancin latency, bayanan unidirectional. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da rafuka masu yawa, fakiti, da bayanan DSP. Sigina na dubawa na Avalon-ST na iya bayyana hanyoyin sadarwa na gargajiya da ke tallafawa rafi guda na bayanai ba tare da sanin tashoshi ko iyakokin fakiti ba. Har ila yau, keɓancewar za ta iya goyan bayan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke iya fashe da canja wurin fakiti tare da fakitin da aka shiga tsakanin tashoshi da yawa.

Lura:

Idan kana buƙatar babban aiki mai amfani da bayanan yawo, koma zuwa Babi na 6 Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces.

Hoto 20. Avalon-ST Interface - Aikace-aikace na yau da kullum na Avalon-ST Interface

Bugawar Hukumar da'ira Intel FPGA Avalon-ST Interfaces (Jirgin Bayanai)

Mai tsara jadawalin

Shigarwar Avalon-ST

Rx IF Core ch

Tushen 0-2 nutse 1

Interface Avalon-MM (Tsarin Jirgin Sama)

Source

Tx IF Core Sink

Avalon-ST fitarwa

Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri Interface
Mai sarrafawa

Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri Interface
IO Control

Interface Avalon-MM Agent
SDRAM Cntl
SDRAM Memory

Duk tushen Avalon-ST da musaya na nutsewa ba lallai bane ana iya yin aiki da su. Koyaya, idan musaya biyu suna ba da ayyuka masu jituwa don sararin aikace-aikacen iri ɗaya, ana samun adaftar don ba su damar yin aiki tare.

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Abubuwan musaya na Avalon-ST suna tallafawa hanyoyin bayanai waɗanda ke buƙatar fasalulluka masu zuwa:
· Ƙananan latency, canja wurin bayanai mai girma-zuwa aya
Tashoshi da yawa suna goyan bayan fakiti masu sassaucin ra'ayi
· Sigina na gefe na tashar, kuskure, da farawa da ƙarshen keɓe fakiti
· Taimako don fashewar bayanai
· Daidaitawa ta atomatik
5.1. Sharuɗɗa da Ka'idoji
Ƙa'idar mu'amala ta Avalon-ST ta bayyana waɗannan sharuɗɗa da dabaru masu zuwa:
Tsarin Yawo na Avalon–Tsarin yawo na Avalon ya ƙunshi haɗin Avalon-ST ɗaya ko fiye waɗanda ke canja wurin bayanai daga mahaɗar tushen tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa. Tsarin da aka nuna a sama ya ƙunshi musaya na Avalon-ST don canja wurin bayanai daga shigarwar tsarin zuwa fitarwa. Avalon-MM iko da matsayi rajista musaya suna samar da sarrafa software.
Abubuwan Yawo na Avalon-Tsarin al'ada ta amfani da mu'amalar Avalon-ST yana haɗa nau'ikan ayyuka masu yawa, waɗanda ake kira abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Mai tsara tsarin yana daidaita abubuwan da aka haɗa kuma ya haɗa su tare don aiwatar da tsarin.
Madogararsa da Matsalolin Sink da Haɗin kai-Lokacin da abubuwa biyu suka haɗa, bayanan suna gudana daga mahaɗar tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa. Ƙayyadaddun Ƙididdigar Interface na Avalon yana kiran haɗin haɗin maɓuɓɓuka na tushe mai haɗawa zuwa mahaɗar nutsewa hanyar haɗi.
Matsi na baya-Matsi na baya yana ba da damar nutsewa don siginar tushe don dakatar da aika bayanai. Taimako don matsawa baya zaɓi ne. Ruwan ruwa yana amfani da matsi na baya don dakatar da kwararar bayanai saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
- Lokacin da FIFOs na nutsewa sun cika
- Lokacin da akwai cunkoso akan kayan aikin sa
Canja wurin da Shirye-shiryen Zagaye-Sakamakon canja wuri a cikin bayanai da yaɗuwar sarrafawa daga mahaɗar tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa. Don mu'amalar bayanai, shirye-shiryen sake zagayowar shine zagayowar lokacin da nutsewa zai iya karɓar canja wuri.
Alama – Alama ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta naúrar bayanai. Ga mafi yawan mu'amalar fakiti, alama ita ce byte. Alamomi ɗaya ko fiye sun ƙunshi raka'a ɗaya na bayanan da aka canjawa wuri a zagaye.
Channel–Tashar hanya ce ta zahiri ko ta hankali ko kuma hanyar da bayanai ke ratsawa tsakanin tashoshi biyu.
Beat–Buga shine canja wuri guda ɗaya tsakanin maɓuɓɓuka da mahallin nutse wanda ya ƙunshi alamomi ɗaya ko fiye.
Fakiti – Fakiti shine tarin bayanai da siginar sarrafawa waɗanda tushen ke watsawa lokaci guda. Fakiti na iya ƙunsar kan kai don taimakawa masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa da sauran na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa kai tsaye fakitin zuwa madaidaicin makoma. Aikace-aikacen yana bayyana tsarin fakiti, ba wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba. Fakitin Avalon-ST na iya zama mai canzawa a tsayi kuma ana iya shiga tsakani a kan haɗin gwiwa. Tare da musaya na Avalon-ST, amfani da fakitin zaɓi ne.

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5.2. Matsayin Siginar Matsala ta Avalon Streaming

Kowace sigina a cikin tushen rafi na Avalon ko mahallin nutsewa yayi daidai da rawar siginar Avalon guda ɗaya. Matsakaicin raɗaɗin raɗaɗin Avalon na iya ƙunsar misali ɗaya kawai na kowace rawar sigina. Duk ayyukan siginar yawo na Avalon sun shafi duka tushe da nutsewa kuma suna da ma'ana iri ɗaya ga duka biyun.

Tebur 17.

Siginonin Interface na Avalon Streaming
A cikin tebur mai zuwa, duk ayyukan sigina suna aiki babba.

Matsayin Sigina

Nisa

Hanyar

Da ake bukata

Bayani

An shirya kuskuren bayanan tashar
m

1 128 1 8,192 1 256
1
1

Mahimman Sigina

Source Sink

A'a

Lambar tashar don canja wurin bayanai

akan zagayowar yanzu.

Idan dubawa yana goyan bayan siginar tashar, da

dubawa dole ne kuma ya ayyana ma'aunin maxChannel.

Source Sink

A'a

Siginar bayanai daga tushen zuwa nutsewa,

yawanci yana ɗaukar mafi yawan bayanan kasancewa

canja wuri.

Siga ya kara ayyana abubuwan da ke ciki da

tsarin siginar bayanai.

Source Sink

A'a

Wani abin rufe fuska don alamar kurakurai da ke shafar bayanan

ana canjawa wuri a cikin zagayowar yanzu. Guda guda

na siginar kuskure ya rufe kowane kuskuren

bangaren gane. Mawallafin kuskure

yana bayyana kaddarorin siginar kuskure.

Tushen Tuba

A'a

Yana tabbatar da girma don nuna cewa nutsewa zai iya karɓa

data. shirye an tabbatar da nutsewa akan sake zagayowar

don yin alamar zagayowar a matsayin shiri

sake zagayowar. Tushen na iya tabbatar da inganci kuma

canja wurin bayanai yayin shirye-shiryen hawan keke.

Tushen ba tare da shirye-shiryen shigarwa ba ba sa goyan bayan matsi. Nitsewa ba tare da shirye-shiryen fitarwa ba baya buƙatar komawa baya.

Source Sink

A'a

Majiyar ta tabbatar da wannan siginar don cancantar duk sauran

tushen don nutse sigina. A nutse samples data kuma

sauran sigina na tushen-zuwa nutsewa akan shirye-shiryen hawan keke

inda aka tabbatar da inganci. Duk sauran zagayowar sune

watsi.

Madogara ba tare da ingantaccen fitarwa ba a fakaice suna ba da ingantattun bayanai akan kowane zagayowar cewa nutsewa baya tabbatar da matsi na baya. Sinks ba tare da ingantacciyar shigarwar suna tsammanin ingantaccen bayanai akan kowane zagayowar da ba sa ja da baya.

fanko
endopacket fara fakiti

1
1 1

Siginonin Canja wurin fakiti

Source Sink

A'a

Yana nuna adadin alamomin da babu komai,

wato, ba sa wakiltar ingantattun bayanai. Babu komai

sigina ba lallai ba ne a kan musaya inda akwai

alama ɗaya ce a kowace bugun.

Source Sink

A'a

Majiyar ta tabbatar da alamar ƙarshen a

fakiti

Source Sink

A'a

An tabbatar da tushen don alamar farkon

fakiti.

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5.3. Sigina Sequencing da Lokaci

5.3.1. Interface mai aiki tare
Duk canja wurin haɗin Avalon-ST yana faruwa daidai gwargwado zuwa gefen tashin siginar agogo mai alaƙa. Duk abubuwan da aka fitar daga mahaɗar tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa, gami da bayanai, tashoshi, da siginar kuskure, dole ne a yi rijista a gefen agogo mai tasowa. Abubuwan shigarwa zuwa mahallin mahaɗar ruwa ba dole ba ne a yi rajista. Rijista sigina a tushen yana sauƙaƙe aiki mai girma.
5.3.2. Agogo Yana Kunna
Abubuwan Avalon-ST yawanci basa haɗa da shigar da agogo. Siginar Avalon-ST da kanta ya isa don ƙayyade kewayon da wani sashi ya kamata kuma bai kamata a kunna shi ba. Abubuwan da suka dace na Avalon-ST na iya samun agogo yana ba da damar shigarwa don dabaru na ciki. Koyaya, abubuwan da ke amfani da agogon agogo dole ne su tabbatar da cewa lokacin dubawar ya bi ka'ida.

5.4. Avalon-ST Interface Properties

Table 18. Avalon-ST Interface Properties

Sunan kadara mai alaƙaClock

Default Value
1

Ƙimar Shari'a
Agogon dubawa

Bayani
Sunan agogon Avalon wanda wannan haɗin Avalon-ST ke aiki tare.

hade Sake saita bugunPerCycle

Sake saiti

Sunan Avalon Sake saitin dubawa wanda wannan

Interface Avalon-ST yana aiki tare.

1,2,4,8 Yana ƙayyade adadin bugun da aka canjawa wuri guda

sake zagayowar. Wannan kayan yana ba ku damar canja wurin 2 daban,

amma rafukan da ke da alaƙa ta amfani da iri ɗaya

farkon_packet, ƙarshen_packet, shirye kuma

m sigina.

BeatsPerCycle sigar da ba kasafai ake amfani da ita ba na ka'idar AvalonST.

dataBitsPerSymbol

1 512 Yana bayyana adadin ragowa akan kowace alama. Don misaliample,

musaya masu daidaita byte suna da alamomin 8-bit. Wannan darajar

ba'a iyakance shi don zama iko na 2 ba.

komai cikinPacket

karya

gaskiya, arya Lokacin gaskiya, komai yana aiki ga fakiti duka.

kuskureDescriptor

Jerin

Jerin kalmomin da ke bayyana kuskuren da ke tattare da su

igiyoyi

kowane bit na siginar kuskure. Dole ne tsawon jerin sunayen

zama daidai da adadin rago a cikin siginar kuskure.

Kalma ta farko a cikin jeri ta shafi tsari mafi girma

bit. Don misaliample, "crc, overflow" yana nufin wannan bit[1]

kuskure yana nuna kuskuren CRC. Bit[0] yana nuna wani

kuskure ambaliya.

Alamar farkoInHigh OrderBits

gaskiya

gaskiya, ƙarya

Lokacin da gaskiya, alamar oda ta farko ana turawa zuwa mafi mahimmancin raƙuman mu'amalar bayanai. Ana yiwa alama mafi girman tsari D0 a cikin wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Lokacin da aka saita wannan kadara zuwa arya, alamar farko tana bayyana akan ƙananan rago. D0 ya bayyana a bayanai[7:0]. Don bas 32-bit, idan gaskiya ne, D0 yana bayyana akan ragowa[31:24].
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Sunan kadara maxChannel readyLatency
shirye-shirye (1)

Default Value
0 0
0

Ƙimar Shari'a 0 255
0
0

Bayani
Matsakaicin adadin tashoshi waɗanda mahaɗin bayanai zai iya tallafawa.
Yana bayyana alakar da ke tsakanin tabbatar da siginar shirye da tabbatar da siginar inganci. Idan shiryeLatency = inda n> 0, ana iya tabbatar da inganci kawai hawan keke bayan tabbatar da shirye. Don misaliample, idan readyLatency = 1, lokacin da nutsewa ya tabbatar a shirye, tushen yana buƙatar amsawa tare da ingantaccen tabbaci aƙalla 1 sake zagayowar bayan ya ga tabbacin da aka shirya daga nutsewa.
Yana bayyana adadin canja wurin da ɗigon ruwa zai iya kamawa bayan an shirya kayan zaki. Lokacin da aka ba da izini = 0, magudanar ruwa ba zai iya karɓar kowane canja wuri ba bayan an shirya kayan zaki. Idan shiryeAllowance = ina ya fi 0 girma, magudanar ruwa na iya karɓa har zuwa canja wurin bayan shirye ne deasserted.

Lura:

Idan kun samar da haɗin haɗin raƙuman ruwa na Avalon tare da tushen kwararar Avalon / nutse BFMs ko abubuwan al'ada kuma waɗannan BFMs ko abubuwan al'ada suna da buƙatun shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen daban-daban, Mai ƙirar Platform zai shigar da adaftar a cikin haɗin haɗin da aka samar don karɓar bambance-bambancen latency tsakanin tushen da mahallin nutsewa. Ana sa ran tushen ku da dabaru na nutsewa suna manne da kaddarorin haɗin haɗin da aka samar.

5.5. Yawan Canja wurin Bayanai
Wannan sashe yana ba da ma'anar canja wurin bayanai daga mahaɗar maɓuɓɓuka zuwa mahallin nutsewa. A kowane hali, tushen bayanai da madaidaicin bayanai dole ne su bi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Batun nutsewar bayanai bashi da alhakin gano kurakuran ka'idar tushe.

5.6. Cikakken Bayani
Adadin yana nuna siginar da musaya na Avalon-ST yawanci ya haɗa da su. Avalon-ST tushen dubawa na yau da kullun yana fitar da ingantaccen, bayanai, kuskure, da siginar tashoshi zuwa nutsewa. Ruwan ruwa na iya amfani da matsi na baya tare da shirye-shiryen sigina.

(1) · Idan readyLatency = 0, shirye-shiryen ba da izini na iya zama 0 ko sama da 0.
· Idan shiryeLatency> 0, shirye-shiryen ba da izini dole ne ya zama daidai da ko ya fi girma Latency.
· Idan tushen ko magudanar ruwa ba su ƙididdige ƙima don ba da izini ba to readyAllowance = readyLatency. Zane-zane baya buƙatar ƙari na shirye-shiryenAllowance sai dai idan kuna son tushen ko nutsewa ya ɗauki advantage na wannan siffa.

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Hoto 21. Alamar Avalon-ST Siginonin Bayanai Tushen
ingantacciyar tashar kuskuren bayanai

A shirye Data nutse

Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da waɗannan sigina:
· Shirye – A kan musaya masu goyan bayan matsi na baya, magudanar ruwa yana tabbatar da shirye don yin alamar zagayowar inda za a iya canja wuri. Idan an shirya an tabbatar akan sake zagayowar , sake zagayowar ana ɗaukar shirin sake zagayowar.
· inganci – Siginar da ta dace ta cancanci ingantaccen bayanai akan kowane zagayowar tare da canja wurin bayanai daga tushe zuwa nutsewa. A kan kowane ingantaccen zagayowar magudanar ruwa samples siginar bayanai da sauran tushen don nutse sigina.
· bayanai–Siginar bayanan yana ɗaukar mafi yawan bayanan da aka canjawa wuri daga tushen zuwa ga nutsewa. Siginar bayanai ta ƙunshi alamomi ɗaya ko fiye da aka canjawa wuri akan kowane zagayowar agogo. Ma'aunin dataBitsPerSymbol yana bayyana yadda aka raba siginar bayanai zuwa alamomi.
Kuskure–A cikin siginar kuskure, kowane bit yayi daidai da yuwuwar yanayin kuskure. Ƙimar 0 akan kowane zagayowar yana nuna bayanan da ba shi da kuskure akan wannan zagayowar. Wannan ƙayyadaddun ba ya ayyana aikin da wani sashi ke ɗauka lokacin da aka gano kuskure.
Tashoshi – Tushen yana fitar da siginar zaɓin tashar don nuna wa wacce tashar bayanai ta ke. Ma'anar tashar don haɗin da aka ba da ita ya dogara da aikace-aikacen. A wasu aikace-aikace, tashar tana nuna lambar dubawa. A wasu aikace-aikace, tashar tana nuna lambar shafi ko adadin lokuta. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da siginar tashar, duk bayanan da aka canjawa wuri a cikin kowane zagayowar aiki na tasha ɗaya ne. Tushen na iya canzawa zuwa wani tashoshi daban akan zagayowar aiki masu zuwa.
Hanyoyin sadarwa masu amfani da siginar tashar dole ne su ayyana ma'aunin maxChannel don nuna matsakaicin lambar tashar. Idan adadin tashoshi mai mu'amala yana goyan bayan canje-canje a hankali, maxChannel yana nuna matsakaicin adadin da ke dubawa zai iya tallafawa.

5.7. Layout Data

Hoto na 22.

Alamomin Bayanai

Hoto na gaba yana nuna siginar bayanai 64-bit tare da dataBitsPerSymbol=16. Alamar 0 ita ce mafi girma

alama mai mahimmanci.

48 47 32 31 16 15

alama 0 alama 1 alama 2 alama 3

Avalon Streaming interface yana goyan bayan duka manyan-endian da ƙananan-endian halaye. Hoton da ke ƙasa wani tsohon neampna yanayin babban-endian, inda Alamar 0 ke cikin manyan ragi.

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Hoto na 23.

Layout of Data
Jadawalin lokaci a cikin adadi mai zuwa yana nuna tsohon 32-bitampinda dataBitsPerSymbol=8, da beatsPerCycle=1.
clk
shirye
m

kuskuren tashar
data[31:24] data[23:16] data[15:8] data[7:0]

D10

D11

DA DE

D12

DB DF

D13

5.8. Canja wurin bayanai ba tare da matsi na baya ba

Canja wurin bayanai ba tare da matsi na baya ba shine mafi mahimmanci na canja wurin bayanan Avalon-ST. A kowane zagayowar agogon da aka bayar, ƙirar ƙirar tushe tana sarrafa bayanai da tashar zaɓi da siginar kuskure, kuma tana tabbatar da inganci. Ma'anar nutsewa sampKadan waɗannan sigina a gefen tashin agogon tunani idan an tabbatar da inganci.

Hoto na 24.

Canja wurin bayanai ba tare da matsi na baya ba

clk inganci

bayanan kuskuren tashar

D0D1

D2D3

5.9. Canja wurin bayanai tare da matsi na baya
Ruwan ruwa yana tabbatar da shirye don sake zagayowar agogo ɗaya don nuna ya shirya don zagayowar aiki. Idan nutsewa yana shirye don bayanai, sake zagayowar shiri ne. A lokacin shirye-shiryen sake zagayowar, tushen zai iya tabbatar da inganci kuma ya ba da bayanai ga magudanar ruwa. Idan tushen ba shi da bayanan da za a aika, tushen deasserts ingantacce kuma zai iya fitar da bayanai zuwa kowace ƙima.
Hanyoyin da ke goyan bayan matsi na baya suna bayyana ma'aunin shirye-shiryen Latency don nuna adadin zagayowar daga lokacin da aka tabbatar har sai an iya fitar da ingantaccen bayanai. Idan ReadLatency ba sifili bane, sake zagayowar shirye-shiryen sake zagayowar ne idan a shirye aka tabbatar akan sake zagayowar .
Lokacin da readyLatency = 0, canja wurin bayanai yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da aka shirya kuma an tabbatar da inganci akan zagayowar guda ɗaya. A cikin wannan yanayin, tushen baya karɓar shirye-shiryen siginar nutsewa kafin aika ingantaccen bayanai. Tushen yana ba da bayanan kuma yana tabbatar da inganci a duk lokacin da tushen yana da ingantaccen bayanai. Madogaran yana jiran magudanar ruwa don ɗaukar bayanai kuma a ce a shirye. Tushen na iya canza bayanai a kowane lokaci. Ruwan ruwa yana ɗaukar bayanan shigarwa daga tushen lokacin da aka shirya kuma an tabbatar da inganci.

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Lokacin da aka shiryaLatency>= 1, nutsewar tana tabbatar da shirye kafin shirye-shiryen sake zagayowar kanta. Tushen na iya ba da amsa yayin zagayowar da ta dace ta hanyar tabbatar da inganci. Madogaran ƙila ba za ta iya tabbatar da inganci yayin hawan keke waɗanda ba a shirye suke ba.
ReadAllowance yana bayyana adadin canja wurin da magudanar ruwa zai iya ɗauka lokacin da aka shirya. Lokacin da aka ba da izini = 0, magudanar ruwa ba zai iya karɓar kowane canja wuri ba bayan an shirya kayan zaki. Idan shiryeAllowance = inda n> 0, magudanar ruwa zai iya karɓa har zuwa canja wurin bayan shirye ne deasserted.
5.9.1. Canja wurin bayanai Ta amfani da shirye-shiryen Latency da kuma ba da izini

Dokoki masu zuwa suna aiki yayin canja wurin bayanai tare da shirye-shiryen Latency da kuma ba da izini.
Idan shirye-shiryen Latency shine 0, readyAllowance na iya zama mafi girma ko daidai da 0.
Idan shirye-shirye ya fi 0 girma, shirye-shiryen ba da izini na iya zama mafi girma ko daidai da Latency.

Lokacin da readyLatency = 0 da readyAllowance = 0, canja wurin bayanai yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da duka shirye da inganci aka tabbatar. A wannan yanayin, tushen baya karɓar siginar shirye-shiryen nutsewa kafin aika ingantaccen bayanai. Madogarar tana ba da bayanai kuma tana tabbatar da inganci a duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Madogaran yana jiran magudanar ruwa don ɗaukar bayanai kuma a ce a shirye. Tushen na iya canza bayanai a kowane lokaci. Ruwan ruwa yana ɗaukar bayanan shigarwa daga tushen lokacin da aka shirya kuma an tabbatar da inganci.

Hoto 25. readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance = 0

Lokacin readyLatency = 0 da readyAllowance = 0 tushen zai iya tabbatar da inganci a kowane lokaci. Ruwan ruwa yana ɗaukar bayanai daga tushe kawai lokacin da aka shirya = 1.

Hoto mai zuwa yana nuna waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru: 1. A cikin sake zagayowar 1 tushen yana ba da bayanai kuma yana tabbatar da inganci. 2. A cikin sake zagayowar 2, nutsewa yana tabbatar da shirye kuma D0 yana canjawa. 3. A cikin sake zagayowar 3, D1 yana canzawa. 4. A cikin sake zagayowar 4, nutsewa yana tabbatar da shirye, amma tushen baya fitar da ingantaccen bayanai. 5. Tushen yana ba da bayanai da kuma tabbatar da inganci akan sake zagayowar 6. 6. A cikin sake zagayowar 8, nutsewa yana tabbatar da shirye, don haka D2 yana canjawa. 7. Canja wurin D3 a zagayowar 9 da canja wurin D4 a zagaye na 10.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

shirye

data

D0D1

D3D4

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Hoto 26. readyLatency = 0, readyAllowance = 1

Lokacin da readyLatency = 0 da readyAllowance = 1 nutsewa zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin canja wurin bayanai bayan shirye = 0.

Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru: 1. A cikin sake zagayowar 1 tushen yana ba da bayanai kuma yana tabbatar da inganci yayin da nutsewa ya faɗi a shirye. D0 canja wuri. 2. Ana canjawa wuri D1 a cikin zagayowar 2. 3. A cikin sake zagayowar 3, shirye-shiryen deasserts, duk da haka tun da aka ba da izini = 1 an ba da izinin canja wuri ɗaya, don haka D2
canja wuri. 4. A cikin sake zagayowar 5 duka inganci da shirye-shiryen tabbatarwa, don haka D3 yana canja wurin. 5. A cikin sake zagayowar 6, tushen deasserts inganci, don haka babu canja wurin bayanai. 6. A cikin sake zagayowar 7, ingantattun fa'idodi da shirye-shiryen deasserts, duk da haka tun readyAllowance = 1 ƙarin canja wuri guda.
an yarda, don haka D4 yana canja wurin.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

shirye

data

D0D1D2

D5D6

Hoto 27. readyLatency = 1, readyAllowance = 2

Lokacin da readyLatency = 1 da kuma readyAllowance = 2 nutsewa na iya canja wurin bayanai zagayowar daya bayan shirye-shiryen da aka shirya, kuma ana ba da izinin sake zagaye biyu na canja wuri bayan shirye-shiryen kayan zaki.

Hoton da ke gaba yana nuna waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru: 1. A cikin sake zagayowar 0 na nutsewa ya ce a shirye. 2. A cikin sake zagayowar 1, tushen yana ba da bayanai kuma yana tabbatar da inganci. Canja wurin yana faruwa nan da nan. 3. A cikin sake zagayowar 3, kayan abinci na nutse a shirye, amma tushen har yanzu yana tabbatar da inganci, kuma yana fitar da ingantaccen bayanai
saboda nutsewa na iya ɗaukar bayanai sake zagayowar biyu bayan shirye-shiryen deassert. 4. A cikin sake zagayowar 6, nutsewa yana tabbatar da shirye. 5. A cikin sake zagayowar 7, tushen yana ba da bayanai kuma yana tabbatar da inganci. An karɓi wannan bayanan. 6. A cikin sake zagayowar 10, nutsewa ya shirya shirye-shiryen, amma tushen yana tabbatar da inganci kuma yana fitar da ingantaccen bayanai saboda
nutsewa na iya ɗaukar bayanan zagayowar biyu bayan shirye-shiryen deasserts.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 clk0

shirye

data

Saukewa: D0D1D2D3

D4D5

D6D7

Bukatun daidaitawa Tebu mai zuwa yana bayyana ko musaya na asali da na nutsewa suna buƙatar daidaitawa.

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Tebur 19. Abubuwan Buƙatun Daidaita Tushen / Ruwa

shiryeLatency

readyAllowance

Daidaitawa

Source readyLatency = Zurfafa Tushen readyAllowance =

shiryeLatency

Tsarkake shiryeAllowance

Babu daidaitawa da ake buƙata: Ruwan ruwa zai iya ɗaukar duk canja wuri.

Tushen shirye-shiryenAllowance> Bayar da izini

Ana buƙatar daidaitawa: Bayan an shirya shi, tushen zai iya aika da ƙarin canja wuri fiye da yadda narke zai iya kamawa.

Source readyAllowance < Sink readyAllowance

Babu karbuwa da ake buƙata: Bayan an shirya kayan zaki, kwandon ruwa zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin canja wuri fiye da yadda tushen zai iya aikawa.

Tushen readyLatency > Tushen Shirye-shiryen Ba da izini =

shiryeLatency

Tsarkake shiryeAllowance

Babu karbuwa da ake buƙata: Bayan an tabbatar da shirye-shiryen, tushen zai fara aikawa daga baya fiye da yadda ma'aunin ruwa zai iya kamawa. Bayan an shirya kayan zaki, tushen zai iya aika da yawa canja wuri kamar yadda nutsewa zai iya kamawa.

Tushen shirye-shiryenAllowance> Bayar da izini

Ana buƙatar daidaitawa: Bayan an shirya shi, tushen zai iya aika da ƙarin canja wuri fiye da yadda narke zai iya kamawa.

Source readyAllowance<Sink readyAllowance

Babu karbuwa da ake buƙata: Bayan an shirya kayan zaki, tushen yana aika ƴan canje-canje fiye da yadda natsuwa zai iya kamawa.

SourceReadLatency < SinkreadyLatency

Source readyAllowance = Bayar da izini

Ana buƙatar daidaitawa: Tushen na iya fara aika canja wuri kafin nutsewa ya kama.

Tushen shirye-shiryenAllowance> Bayar da izini

Ana buƙatar daidaitawa: Tushen na iya fara aika canja wuri kafin magudanar ruwa ta iya kamawa. Hakanan, bayan an shirya kayan zaki, tushen zai iya aika ƙarin canja wuri fiye da na nutsewa zai iya kamawa.

Source readyAllowance < Sink readyAllowance

Ana buƙatar daidaitawa: Tushen na iya fara aika canja wuri kafin magudanar ruwa ta iya kamawa.

5.9.2. Canja wurin bayanai Amfani da readyLatency
Idan tushen ko magudanar ruwa ba su ƙididdige ƙima don ba da izini ba to readAllowance = readyLatency. Zane-zanen da ke amfani da tushe da nutsewa baya buƙatar ƙari na shirye-shiryen ba da izini sai dai idan kuna son tushen ko sink ɗin ya ɗauki advan.tage na wannan siffa.

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Hoto na 28.

Canja wurin tare da matsi na baya, readyLatency=0
Hoton da ke gaba yana kwatanta waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru:

1. Tushen yana ba da bayanai kuma yana tabbatar da inganci akan sake zagayowar 1, kodayake ba a shirya nutsewa ba.

2. Tushen yana jira har sai sake zagayowar 2, lokacin da nutsewa ya tabbatar da shirye, kafin motsawa zuwa zagayowar bayanai na gaba.

3. A cikin sake zagayowar 3, tushen yana fitar da bayanai akan wannan zagayowar kuma nutsewar tana shirye don karɓar bayanai. Canja wurin yana faruwa nan da nan.
4. A cikin sake zagayowar 4, nutsewa yana tabbatar da shirye, amma tushen baya fitar da ingantaccen bayanai.

012345678 klkc

shirye

tashar

kuskure

data

D0D1

D2D3

Hoto na 29.

Canja wurin tare da matsi na baya, readyLatency=1

Lissafi masu zuwa suna nuna canja wurin bayanai tare da readyLatency=1 da kuma readyLatency=2, bi da bi. A cikin waɗannan lokuta guda biyu, an tabbatar da shirye kafin sake zagayowar shirye-shiryen, kuma tushen yana amsa zagayowar 1 ko 2 daga baya ta hanyar samar da bayanai da tabbatar da inganci. Lokacin da readLatency ba 0 ba, dole ne tushen kayan zaki ya zama mai inganci akan kewayon da ba shiri.
clk

shirye

tashar

kuskure

data

D0D1

D2D3D4

Hoto na 30.

Canja wurin tare da matsi na baya, readyLatency=2

clk

shirye

tashar

kuskure

data

D0D1

D2D3

5.10. Fakitin Data Canja wurin
Kayan canja wurin fakiti yana ƙara goyan baya don canja wurin fakiti daga mahaɗar tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa. An ayyana ƙarin sigina guda uku don aiwatar da canja wurin fakiti. Duk maɓuɓɓugan tushe da mahaɗar ruwa dole ne su haɗa da waɗannan ƙarin sigina don tallafawa fakiti. Kuna iya haɗa tushen tushe da musaya masu nutse da su kawai

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madaidaicin fakitin kaddarorin. Platform Designer ba ya ƙara farawa ta atomatik, fakitin ƙarewa, da sigina mara komai zuwa tushe ko mahaɗar nutsewa waɗanda basu haɗa da waɗannan sigina ba.

Hoto 31. Avalon-ST Fakitin Interface Data Tushen

Data Sink

shirye
m
tashar kuskure data fara fakiti
jakar karshen fanko

5.11. Cikakken Bayani
Startofpacket – Duk musaya masu goyan bayan fakitin canja wurin suna buƙatar siginar fara fakiti. startofpacket yana alamar zagayowar aiki mai ɗauke da farkon fakitin. Ana fassara wannan siginar ne kawai lokacin da aka tabbatar da inganci.
Fakitin ƙarewa–Duk musaya masu goyan bayan fakitin canja wurin suna buƙatar siginar fakitin ƙarewa. endofpacket yana alamar zagayowar aiki mai ɗauke da ƙarshen fakitin. Ana fassara wannan siginar ne kawai lokacin da aka tabbatar da inganci. farapacket da endofpacket za a iya tabbatar da su a cikin zagaye guda. Ba a buƙatar zagayawa marasa aiki tsakanin fakiti. Siginar farawa na fakiti na iya biyo baya nan da nan bayan siginar ƙarshen fakitin da ya gabata.
Babu komai – Siginar fanko na zaɓi yana nuna adadin alamomin da babu komai yayin zagayowar fakitin ƙarewa. Ruwan ruwa yana bincika ƙimar fanko ne kawai yayin zagayowar aiki wanda aka tabbatar da fakitin ƙarewa. Alamun mara komai koyaushe sune alamomin ƙarshe a cikin bayanai, waɗanda ƙananan raƙuman ƙima ke ɗauka lokacin da firstSymbolInHighOrderBits = gaskiya. Ana buƙatar sigina mara komai akan duk mu'amalar fakiti waɗanda siginar bayanansu ke ɗaukar alama fiye da ɗaya na bayanai kuma suna da tsarin fakiti mai tsayi mai canzawa. Girman siginar da ba komai a cikin ragowa ceil[log2( )].

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5.12. Bayanin Protocol

Canja wurin bayanan fakiti yana biye da ƙa'ida ɗaya kamar yadda aka saba canja wurin bayanai tare da ƙari na fakitin farawa, fakitin ƙarewa, da fanko.

Hoto na 32.

Canja wurin fakiti
Hoto mai zuwa yana kwatanta canja wurin fakitin 17-byte daga mahaɗar tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa, inda readyLatency=0. Wannan zane na lokaci yana kwatanta abubuwan da suka faru:

1. Canja wurin bayanai yana faruwa akan zagayowar 1, 2, 4, 5, da 6, lokacin da aka tabbatar da shirye da inganci.

2. A lokacin sake zagayowar 1, farapacket an tabbatar. Ana canja wurin bytes 4 na farko na fakiti.

3. A lokacin sake zagayowar 6, an tabbatar da fakitin endofpacket. komai yana da darajar 3. Wannan ƙimar tana nuna cewa wannan shine ƙarshen fakitin kuma 3 daga cikin alamomin 4 babu komai. A cikin zagayowar 6, babban tsari na byte, bayanai[31:24] yana fitar da ingantattun bayanai.

1234567 klkc

shirye

fara fakiti

karshen fakiti

fanko

tashar

000

kuskure

000

bayanai[31:24]

D0D4

D8D12D16

bayanai[23:16]

D1D5

D9D13

bayanai[15:8]

D2D6

D10D14

bayanai[7:0]

D3D7

D11D15

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6. Avalon Streaming Credit Interfaces
Avalon Streaming Credit musaya don amfani ne tare da abubuwan da ke fitar da babban bandwidth, ƙarancin latency, bayanan unidirectional. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da rafuka masu yawa, fakiti, da bayanan DSP. Sigina na Avalon Streaming Credit interface yana iya bayyana musaya masu yawo na gargajiya da ke tallafawa rafi guda na bayanai, ba tare da sanin tashoshi ko iyakokin fakiti ba. Har ila yau, keɓancewar za ta iya goyan bayan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodi masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke iya fashe da canja wurin fakiti tare da fakitin da aka shiga tsakanin tashoshi da yawa.
Duk tushen Avalon Streaming Credit da musaya na nutsewa ba lallai bane ana iya aiki da su. Koyaya, idan musaya biyu suna ba da ayyuka masu jituwa don sararin aikace-aikacen iri ɗaya, ana samun adaftar don ba su damar yin aiki tare.
Hakanan zaka iya haɗa tushen Avalon Streaming Credit zuwa nutsewar Avalon Streaming ta hanyar adaftar. Hakazalika, zaku iya haɗa tushen Avalon Streaming zuwa nutsewar Avalon Streaming Credit ta hanyar adaftar.
Avalon Streaming Credit musaya yana goyan bayan hanyoyin bayanai waɗanda ke buƙatar fasalulluka masu zuwa:
· Ƙananan latency, canja wurin bayanai mai girma-zuwa aya
Tashoshi da yawa suna goyan bayan fakiti masu sassaucin ra'ayi
· Sigina na gefe na tashar, kuskure, da farawa da ƙarshen keɓe fakiti
· Taimako don fashewar bayanai
· Siginonin mai amfani azaman sigina na gefe don masu amfani da ayyuka suna ayyana

6.1. Sharuɗɗa da Ka'idoji
Avalon Streaming Credit interface Protocol yana bayyana waɗannan sharuɗɗa da dabaru masu zuwa:
· Avalon Streaming Credit System – Tsarin Kiredit na Avalon ya ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye da haɗin haɗin Avalon Streaming wanda ke canja wurin bayanai daga madaidaicin tushe zuwa madaidaicin nutsewa.
Abubuwan Kiredit na Avalon Streaming- Tsarin al'ada ta amfani da mu'amalar Avalon Streaming yana haɗa nau'ikan ayyuka masu yawa, waɗanda ake kira abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Mai tsara tsarin yana daidaita abubuwan da aka haɗa kuma ya haɗa su tare don aiwatar da tsarin.
Madogararsa da Matsalolin Ruwa da Haɗuwa - Lokacin da aka haɗa abubuwa biyu, ƙididdigewa suna gudana daga kwatami zuwa tushen; kuma bayanan suna gudana daga maƙasudin tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa. Haɗin haɗin haɗin tushen tushen da aka haɗa zuwa mahallin nutsewa ana kiransa haɗi.
Canja wurin- Canja wurin yana haifar da bayanai da yaɗuwar sarrafawa daga mahaɗar tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa. Don mu'amalar bayanai, tushen zai iya fara canja wurin bayanai kawai idan yana da ƙididdigewa. Hakazalika, nutsewa zai iya karɓar bayanai kawai idan yana da fitattun ƙididdiga.

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Alama – Alama ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta naúrar bayanai. Alamomi ɗaya ko fiye sun ƙunshi raka'a ɗaya na bayanan da aka canjawa wuri a zagaye.
Beat–Buga shine canja wuri guda ɗaya tsakanin maɓuɓɓuka da mahallin nutse wanda ya ƙunshi alamomi ɗaya ko fiye.
Fakiti – Fakiti shine tarin bayanai da siginonin sarrafawa waɗanda ake watsa tare. Fakiti na iya ƙunsar kan kai don taimakawa masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa da sauran na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa kai tsaye fakitin zuwa madaidaicin makoma. An bayyana tsarin fakiti ta aikace-aikacen, ba wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai ba. Fakitin yawo na Avalon na iya zama mai canzawa a tsayi kuma ana iya shiga tsakani a kan hanyar haɗi. Tare da Avalon Streaming Credit interface, amfani da fakiti zaɓi ne.

6.2. Matsayin Siginar Mutuwar Kiredit Avalon Streaming

Kowane sigina a cikin tushen Kiredit na Avalon Streaming ko mahallin nutsewa yayi daidai da rawar siginar Avalon Streaming Credit guda ɗaya. Ƙididdigar Kiredit na Avalon na iya ƙunsar misali ɗaya kawai na kowane rawar sigina. Duk ayyukan siginar Kiredit na Avalon Streaming sun shafi duka tushe da nutsewa kuma suna da ma'ana iri ɗaya ga duka biyun.

Table 20. Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Signals

Sunan siginar

Hanyar

sabunta

nutse zuwa

tushe

Nisa

bashi

nutse zuwa

1-9

tushe

Na zaɓi / Ana buƙata

Bayani

Da ake bukata

Sink yana aika sabuntawa da sabunta tushen abin da ke akwai. Sink yana aika sabuntawa zuwa tushe lokacin da aka yi ciniki daga ma'ajin sa.
Ƙimar ƙididdiga a tushen yana ƙaruwa ta ƙimar kan bas ɗin bashi daga nutsewa zuwa tushe.

Da ake bukata

Yana nuna ƙarin ƙima da ke akwai a nutse lokacin da aka tabbatar da ɗaukakawa.
Wannan bas ɗin yana ɗaukar ƙima kamar yadda mashigar ruwa ta kayyade. Nisa na bas ɗin kuɗi shine ceilog2(MAX_CREDIT + 1). Sink yana aika da ƙimar ƙima akan wannan bas wanda ke nuna adadin ma'amaloli da zai iya karɓa. Tushen yana ɗaukar ƙimar kiredit
kawai idan an tabbatar da siginar sabuntawa.

return_credit Source zuwa nutse 1

data inganta
kuskure

Tushen nutsewa
Tushen nutsewa

1-8192 1

Tushen nutsewa

1-256

Ana Bukatar Bukatar Bukatar Zabi

An tabbatar ta hanyar tushe don dawo da kiredit 1 zuwa nutsewa.
Lura: Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai, koma zuwa Sashe na 6.2.3 Mayar da Kiredit.
An raba bayanai zuwa alamomi kamar yadda aka saba ma'anar Avalon Streaming.
Majiyar ta tabbatar da cancantar duk sauran tushen don nutsar da sigina. Tushen zai iya tabbatar da inganci ne kawai lokacin da kuɗin da ake da shi ya wuce 0.
Wani abin rufe fuska da ake amfani da shi don yiwa kurakurai da ke shafar bayanan da ake canjawa wuri a halin yanzu. Ana amfani da guda ɗaya cikin kuskure don kowane kurakurai da sashin ya gane, kamar yadda kaddarar kuskureDescriptor ta ayyana.
ci gaba…

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Tashar Sunan siginar
fara jakar fakitin komai

Hanyar Hanyar nutsewa
Tushen nutsewa Tushen nutsewa Tushen nutsewa
Tushen nutsewa
Tushen nutsewa

Nisa

Na zaɓi / Ana buƙata

Bayani

1-128

Na zaɓi

Lambar tashar don canja wurin bayanai akan zagayowar yanzu.
Idan dubawa yana goyan bayan siginar tashar, dole ne kuma ya ayyana ma'aunin maxChannel.

Siginonin Canja wurin fakiti

Na zaɓi

Majiyar ta tabbatar da alamar farawa

na fakiti.

Na zaɓi

Majiyar ta tabbatar da alamar ƙarshen

fakiti.

ceil(log2(NUM_SYMBOLS)) Na zaɓi

Yana nuna adadin alamomin da babu komai, wato, basa wakiltar ingantattun bayanai. Ba a amfani da siginar mara komai akan musaya inda akwai alama ɗaya kowace bugun.

Siginan mai amfani

1-8192

Na zaɓi

Kowane adadin siginonin mai amfani na kowane fakiti na iya kasancewa akan musaya na tushe da nutsewa. Tushen yana saita ƙimar wannan siginar lokacin
farapacket an tabbatar. Kada tushe ya canza darajar wannan siginar har sai an fara sabon fakiti. Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai suna cikin sashin siginar mai amfani.

1-8192

Na zaɓi

Kowane adadin siginar mai amfani na kowane-alama zai iya kasancewa akan tushe da nutsewa. Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai suna cikin sashin siginar mai amfani.

6.2.1. Interface mai aiki tare

Duk canja wurin haɗin Avalon Streaming yana faruwa daidai gwargwado zuwa gefen tashin siginar agogo mai alaƙa. Duk abubuwan da aka fitar daga mahaɗar tushen tushe zuwa mahallin nutsewa,
ciki har da bayanai, tashar, da siginar kuskure, dole ne a yi rijista a gefen agogo mai tasowa. Abubuwan shigarwa zuwa mahallin mahaɗar ruwa ba dole ba ne a yi rajista. Rijista sigina a tushen yana sauƙaƙe aiki mai girma.

Table 21. Avalon Streaming Credit Interface Properties

Sunan Dukiya

Default Value

Darajar Shari'a

Bayani

hadeClock

Agogo

Sunan Avalon Clock interface wanda wannan

dubawa

Avalon Streaming interface yana aiki tare.

hade sake saiti

Sake saiti

Sunan Avalon Sake saitin dubawa wanda wannan

dubawa

Avalon Streaming interface yana aiki tare.

dataBitsPerSymbol alamominPerBeat

Yana bayyana adadin ragowa kowace alama. Don misaliample,

musaya masu daidaita byte suna da alamomin 8-bit. Wannan darajar ita ce

ba'a iyakance shi don zama iko na 2 ba.

Adadin alamomin da aka canjawa wuri akan kowane

m sake zagayowar.

maxCredit

256

1-256

Matsakaicin adadin ƙididdigewa wanda mai mu'amalar bayanai zai iya tallafawa.
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Kuskuren Sunan Mallaka Mai Bayani

Default Value
0

Alamar farkoInHighOrderBits gaskiya

maxChannel

Darajar Shari'a

Bayani

Jerin igiyoyi

Jerin kalmomin da ke bayyana kuskuren da ke da alaƙa da kowane ɗan siginar kuskure. Dole ne tsawon lissafin ya zama daidai da adadin rago a cikin siginar kuskure. Kalma ta farko a cikin jeri ta shafi mafi girman tsari. Don misaliample, "crc, overflow" yana nufin cewa bit[1] na kuskure yana nuna kuskuren CRC. Bit[0] yana nuna kuskuren ambaliya.

gaskiya, ƙarya

Matsakaicin adadin tashoshi waɗanda bayanan ke dubawa

iya tallafawa.

6.2.2. Yawan Canja wurin Bayanai
Wannan sashe yana ba da ma'anar canja wurin bayanai daga mahaɗar maɓuɓɓuka zuwa mahallin nutsewa. A kowane hali, tushen bayanai da madaidaicin bayanai dole ne su bi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Ba alhakin nutsewar bayanai ba ne don gano kurakuran ka'idar tushe.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna sigina waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su a cikin ƙirar Avalon Streaming Credit interface.
Hoto 33. Siginonin Kiredit Na Yawo Na Musamman Avalon

Kamar yadda wannan adadi ya nuna, ƙayyadaddun ƙirar tushen Avalon Streaming Credit yana fitar da ingantaccen, bayanai, kuskure, da siginonin tashoshi zuwa nutsewa. Ruwan ruwa yana fitar da sabuntawa da siginonin kuɗi.

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Hoto 34. Hannun Kiredit da Canja wurin Bayanai

Hoton da ke sama yana nuna ƙima na yau da kullun da canja wurin bayanai tsakanin tushe da nutsewa. Ana iya samun jinkiri na sabani tsakanin mai tabbatar da sabuntawar nutsewa da tushen karɓar sabuntawa. Hakazalika, ana iya samun jinkiri na son rai tsakanin tushen tabbatar da ingancin bayanai da nutsewar karɓar wannan bayanan. Jinkirta kan hanyar bashi daga nutsewa zuwa tushe kuma hanyar bayanai daga tushe zuwa nutsewa baya buƙatar zama daidai. Waɗannan jinkirin na iya zama zagayowar 0 kuma, watau lokacin da ma'aunin ruwa ya tabbatar da sabuntawa, tushen yana ganin sa a cikin wannan zagayowar. Akasin haka, lokacin da tushen ya tabbatar da inganci, ana ganin shi ta wurin nutsewa a cikin wannan zagayowar. Idan tushen yana da sifili credits, ba zai iya tabbatar da inganci ba. Kididdigar da aka canjawa wuri suna tarawa. Idan sink ya canza ƙirƙira daidai da maxCredit dukiyarsa, kuma bai karɓi kowane bayanai ba, ba zai iya tabbatar da sabuntawa ba har sai ya karɓi aƙalla bayanai 1 ko kuma ya sami bugun bugun_credit daga tushen.
Sink ba zai iya mayar da bayanai daga tushe idan nutsewa ya samar da ƙididdiga ga tushen, watau nutsewa dole ne ya karɓi bayanai daga tushe idan akwai fitattun ƙididdiga. Tushen ba zai iya tabbatar da inganci ba idan ba ta sami wani kiredit ba ko kuma ta ƙare kiredit ɗin da aka karɓa, watau ta riga ta aika da bayanan a madadin kiredit ɗin da aka karɓa.
Idan tushen ba shi da kiredit na sifili, tushen ba zai iya fara canja wurin bayanai a cikin zagayowar da ta karɓi ƙididdiga ba. Hakazalika, idan sink ya canza ƙirƙira daidai da maxCredit dukiya kuma yana karɓar bayanai, sink ba zai iya aika sabuntawa a cikin zagayowar da ta karɓi bayanai ba. An sanya waɗannan ƙuntatawa don kauce wa madaukai masu haɗuwa a cikin aiwatarwa.
6.2.3. Mayar da Kiredit
Avalon Streaming Credit Protocol yana goyan bayan siginar return_credit. Ana amfani da wannan ta hanyar tushe don mayar da kiredit ɗin zuwa nutsewa. Kowace zagayowar wannan siginar ana tabbatar da ita, yana nuna tushen yana ba da ƙima 1. Idan tushen yana son dawo da ƙididdiga masu yawa, ana buƙatar tabbatar da wannan siginar don hawan keke da yawa. Domin misaliampTo, idan tushen yana so ya dawo da fitattun ƙididdiga 10, yana tabbatar da siginar return_credit don hawan keke 10. Ya kamata Sink ta yi lissafin ƙididdiga da aka dawo a cikin ƙididdigan kula da kiredit na ciki. Ana iya dawo da kiredit ta tushe a kowane lokaci a cikin lokaci muddin yana da ƙididdigewa sama da 0.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana misalta ƙididdige ƙididdiga na asali. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi, outstanding_credit shine madaidaicin ciki don tushen. Lokacin da tushen ya dawo da kiredit, wannan na'urar tana raguwa.

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Lura:

Ko da yake zanen da ke sama yana nuna dawowar ƙididdigewa lokacin da aka ƙera inganci, za a iya tabbatar da return_credit yayin da aka tabbatar da inganci. A wannan yanayin, tushen yadda ya kamata yana kashe ƙididdiga 2: ɗaya don inganci, ɗaya kuma don return_credit.

6.3. Siginonin Mai Amfani da Kiredit Avalon
Sigina na mai amfani sigina ne na zaɓi na gefen gefe waɗanda ke gudana tare da bayanai. Ana ɗaukar su inganci ne kawai lokacin da bayanai ke aiki. Ganin cewa siginar mai amfani ba su da wata ma'ana ko manufa, dole ne a yi amfani da hankali yayin amfani da waɗannan sigina. Yana da alhakin mai tsara tsarin don tabbatar da cewa IP guda biyu da aka haɗa da juna sun yarda akan ayyukan siginar mai amfani.
Ana ba da shawarar nau'ikan siginar mai amfani guda biyu: siginar mai amfani ta kowace alama da siginar mai amfani kowane fakiti.
6.3.1. Siginar Mai Amfani Ta-Wata-ala
Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, bayanan suna ma'anar siginar mai amfani ta kowace alama (symbol_user) kowace alama. Kowace alama a cikin bayanan na iya samun siginar mai amfani. Domin misaliample, idan adadin alamomin da ke cikin bayanan ya kasance 8, kuma faɗin alamar_user shine bit 2, jimillar faɗin siginar_mai amfani shine 16 bits.
Symbol_user yana aiki ne kawai lokacin da bayanai ke aiki. Tushen na iya canza wannan siginar kowane zagayowar lokacin da bayanai ke aiki. Sink na iya yin watsi da ƙimar symbol_user bits don alamomin wofi.
Idan tushen da ke da wannan siginar yana da alaƙa da nutsewa wanda ba shi da wannan siginar akan mahaɗin sa, siginar daga tushe ya kasance mai raɗaɗi a cikin haɗin haɗin da aka samar.
Idan tushen da ba shi da wannan siginar an haɗa shi da mashin ruwa wanda ke da wannan siginar akan mahaɗin sa, siginar shigar mai amfani da na'urar yana da alaƙa da 0.
Idan duka tushen da nutsewa suna da daidai adadin alamomin a cikin bayanan, to siginar mai amfani na duka biyu dole ne su kasance da faɗin faɗin daidai. In ba haka ba, ba za a iya haɗa su ba.

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Idan an haɗa tushe mai faɗi da kunkuntar nutsewa, kuma duka biyun suna da siginonin mai amfani na kowane-iri, to dole ne duka biyun su sami daidaitattun raƙuman siginar mai amfani da ke da alaƙa da kowace alama. Don misaliample, idan tushen alamar 16 yana da 2 ragowa na siginar mai amfani da ke da alaƙa da kowace alama (don jimlar 32 ragowa na siginar mai amfani), to dole ne madaidaicin alamar 4 ya sami siginar mai fa'ida mai girman 8-bit (2 ragowa masu alaƙa da su). kowace alama). Adaftan tsarin bayanai na iya canza bayanan tushen alamar 16 zuwa bayanan nutse mai alamar 4, da siginar mai amfani 32-bit zuwa siginar mai amfani 8-bit. Adaftan tsarin bayanai yana kiyaye haɗin alamomi tare da madaidaitan siginar mai amfani.
Hakazalika, idan ƙunƙuntaccen tushe yana da alaƙa da babban nutse mai faɗi, kuma duka biyun suna da siginar kowane alama, to duka biyun dole ne su sami daidaitattun siginar mai amfani da ke da alaƙa da kowace alama. Domin misaliample, idan tushen alamar 4 yana da 2 ragowa na siginar mai amfani da ke da alaƙa da kowace alama (don jimlar 8 ragowa na siginar mai amfani), to dole ne madaidaicin alamar 16 ya sami siginar mai fa'ida mai faɗin 32-bit (2 bits hade da kowace alama). Adaftan tsarin bayanai na iya canza bayanan tushen 4-alama zuwa bayanan nutse mai alamar 16, da siginar mai amfani 8-bit zuwa siginar mai amfani 32-bit. Adaftan tsarin bayanai yana kiyaye haɗin alamomi tare da daidaitattun siginar mai amfani. Idan fakitin ya yi ƙasa da rabon faɗin bayanai, adaftar tsarin bayanai yana saita ƙimar fanko daidai gwargwado. Ya kamata Sink ya yi watsi da ƙimar raƙuman mai amfani da ke da alaƙa da alamun wofi.
6.3.2. Siginar mai amfani da kowane fakiti
Baya ga symbol_user, ana iya ayyana siginar mai amfani kowane fakiti (packet_user) akan mahaɗin. Packet_user na iya zama mai faɗin sabani. Ba kamar symbol_user ba, packet_user dole ne ya ci gaba da kasancewa a ko'ina cikin fakitin, watau ana saita ƙimar sa a farkon fakitin kuma dole ne ya kasance iri ɗaya har zuwa ƙarshen fakitin. Wannan ƙuntatawa yana sa aiwatar da adaftar tsarin bayanai ya zama mafi sauƙi yayin da yake kawar da zaɓi don yin kwafi ko sara (fadi mai faɗi, kunkuntar nutsewa) ko haɗaka (ƙunƙuntaccen tushe, faffadan nutse) packet_user.
Idan tushen yana da fakiti_user kuma ba ya nutse, fakitin_user daga tushe ya kasance mai raɗaɗi. A irin wannan yanayin, mai tsara tsarin dole ne ya yi hankali kuma kada ya watsa duk wani muhimmin bayani game da wannan sigina kamar yadda aka yi watsi da shi gaba daya ko wani bangare.
Idan tushen ba shi da fakitin_user kuma mashin ɗin yana da, fakitin mai amfani don nutse yana daura da 0.

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7. Avalon Conduit Interfaces

Lura:

Avalon Conduit musaya yana ƙungiyar tarin sigina na sabani. Kuna iya ƙididdige kowace rawa don siginar magudanar ruwa. Koyaya, lokacin da kuka haɗa magudanar ruwa, dole ne matsayi da faɗin su daidaita, kuma kwatancen dole ne su kasance akasin haka. Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaddamarwa na Ƙaddamarwa zai iya haɗawa da shigarwa, fitarwa, da sigina biyu. Module na iya samun mu'amalar Avalon Conduit da yawa don samar da haɗakar siginar ma'ana. Hanyoyin sadarwa na iya bayyana agogo mai alaƙa. Lokacin da hanyoyin haɗin magudanan ruwa suka kasance a cikin yankuna na agogo daban-daban, Mai tsara Platform yana haifar da saƙon kuskure.
Idan za ta yiwu, ya kamata ku yi amfani da madaidaitan musaya na Avalon-MM ko Avalon-ST maimakon ƙirƙirar ƙirar Avalon Conduit. Platform Designer yana ba da inganci da daidaitawa don waɗannan musaya. Platform Designer ba zai iya samar da inganci ko daidaitawa don mu'amalar Avalon Conduit ba.
Abubuwan mu'amalar igiyoyi galibi ana amfani da su don fitar da siginonin na'urar kashe guntu, kamar adireshin SDRAM, bayanai da siginonin sarrafawa.

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Hoto 36. Mayar da hankali kan Interface Mai Rarraba

Ethernet PHY

Tsarin Avalon-MM
Mai sarrafawa Avalon-MM
Mai watsa shiri

Ethernet MAC
Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri

Hankali na al'ada
Avalon-MM Mai watsa shiri

Fabric Interconnect System

Avalon-MM Agent
SDRAM Controller

Avalon Agent
Hankali na al'ada

Interface Interface
SDRAM Memory

Takardu / Albarkatu

intel MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface [pdf] Manual mai amfani
MNL-AVABUSREF, Avalon Interface, MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

Magana

Manual mai amfani

MNL-AVABUSREF Avalon Interface

Takardu / Albarkatu

Magana

Bar sharhi

Soke amsa