Abubuwan da aka ba da umarni Zana ECG Mai Aiki Tare da Ƙirƙirar Siginar Halitta ta atomatik
Ƙirƙirar ECG mai Aiki Tare da Ƙararren Ƙwararren Halitta
Wannan aikin yana haɗa duk abin da aka koya wannan semester kuma yana amfani da shi zuwa ɗawainiya ɗaya. Ayyukanmu shine ƙirƙirar da'ira wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman electrocardiogram (ECG) ta amfani da kayan aiki. amplififier, matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa, da madaidaicin filter. ECG yana amfani da na'urorin lantarki da aka sanya akan mutum don aunawa da nuna ayyukan zuciya. An yi lissafin ƙididdiga bisa matsakaitan zuciyar balagaggu, kuma an ƙirƙiri ainihin tsarin da'ira akan LTSpice don tabbatar da riba da raguwa. Makasudin wannan aikin zane sune kamar haka:
- Aiwatar da ƙwarewar kayan aiki da aka koya a cikin lab wannan semester
- Zane, ginawa, da tabbatar da aikin na'urar sayan sigina
- Tabbatar da na'urar akan batun ɗan adam
Kayayyaki:
- LTSpice na'urar kwaikwayo (ko software mai kama da ita) Allon burodi
- Resistors daban-daban
- Daban-daban capacitors
- Opamps
- Wayoyin lantarki
- Shigar da kunditage tushen
- Na'urar don auna fitarwa voltage (watau oscilloscope)
Mataki 1: Yi Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Ƙirar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa
Hotunan da ke sama suna nuna lissafin kowace da'ira. A ƙasa, yana ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan da aka haɗa da lissafin da aka yi.
Kayan aiki Amplififi
Kayan aiki amplifier, ko IA, yana taimakawa samar da babban adadin riba don ƙananan sigina. Yana taimakawa wajen ƙara girman siginar don haka ya fi bayyane kuma ana iya nazarin tsarin igiyar ruwa.
Don ƙididdiga, mun zaɓi ƙimar resistor bazuwar R1 da R2, waɗanda sune 5 kΩ da 10 kΩ, bi da bi. Muna kuma son ribar ta zama 1000 don haka siginar zai kasance da sauƙin tantancewa. Ana warware rabon R3 da R4 don haka ta hanyar ma'auni mai zuwa:
Vout / (Vin1 - Vin2) = [1 + (2*R2 / R1)] * (R4/R3) -> R4/R3 = 1000 / [1 + 2*(10) / (5)] -> R4/ R3 = 200
Sa'an nan kuma muka yi amfani da wannan rabo don yanke shawarar abin da kowace ƙimar resistor za ta kasance. Ma'auni sune kamar haka:
R3 = 1 kΩ
Daraja mai daraja
Tace mai daraja tana rage sigina a cikin ƙunƙun madauri na mitoci ko cire mitar guda ɗaya. Mitar da muke son cirewa a wannan yanayin shine 60 Hz saboda yawancin karar da na'urorin lantarki ke samarwa suna a wannan mitar. AQ factor shine rabo na mitar cibiyar zuwa bandwidth, kuma yana taimakawa wajen kwatanta siffar girman ma'aunin. Babban ma'aunin Q yana haifar da kunkuntar tasha. Don ƙididdigewa, za mu yi amfani da ƙimar Q na 8.
Mun yanke shawarar zaɓar ƙimar capacitor da muke da shi. Don haka, C1 = C2 = 0.1 uF, da C2 = 0.2 uF.
Ma'auni da za mu yi amfani da su don ƙididdige R1, R2, da R3 sune kamar haka:
R1 = 1 / (4*pi*Q*f*C1) = 1 / (4*pi*8*60*0.1E-6) = 1.6 kΩ
R2 = (2*Q) / (2*pi*f*C1) = (2*8) / (2*pi*60*0.1E-6) = 424 kΩ
R3 = (R1*R2) / (R1 + R2) = (1.6*424) / (1.6 + 424) = 1.6 kΩ
Tace Lowpass
Ƙarƙashin matattarar wucewa yana rage yawan mitoci yayin da yake barin ƙananan mitoci su wuce. Matsakaicin yankewa zai sami ƙimar 150 Hz saboda wannan shine madaidaicin ƙimar ECG ga manya. Hakanan, riba (ƙimar K) za ta zama 1, kuma madaidaitan a da b sune 1.414214 da 1, bi da bi.
Mun zaɓi C1 don daidaita 68 nF saboda muna da capacitor. Don nd C2 mun yi amfani da ma'auni mai zuwa:
C2 >= (C2*4*b) / [a^2 + 4*b(K-1)] = (68E-9*4*1) / [1.414214^2 + 4*1(1-1)] -> C2> 1.36E-7
Saboda haka, mun zaɓi C2 zuwa daidai 0.15 uF
Don ƙididdige ƙimar resistor guda biyu, dole ne mu yi amfani da ma'auni masu zuwa:
R1 = 2 / (2*pi*f*[a*C2 + sqrt([a^2 + 4*b(K-1)]*C2^2 – 4*b*C1*C2)] = 7.7 kΩ
R2 = 1 / (b*C1*C2*R1*(2*pi*f)^2) = 14.4 kΩ
Mataki 2: Ƙirƙiri Tsari akan LTSpice
An ƙirƙiri dukkan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa guda uku kuma an gudanar da su daban-daban akan LTSpice tare da nazarin sharewar AC. Ƙimar da aka yi amfani da ita sune waɗanda muka ƙididdige su a mataki na 1.
Mataki 3: Gina Kayan Aikin Amplira
Mun gina kayan aiki amplififi akan allon burodi ta bin tsari akan LTSpice. Da zarar an gina shi, shigar (rawaya) da fitarwa (kore) voltagan nuna su. Layin kore kawai yana da riba na 743.5X idan aka kwatanta da layin rawaya.
Mataki 4: Gina Tace mai daraja
Bayan haka, mun gina matattarar ƙima akan allon burodi bisa tsarin da aka yi akan LTSpice. An gina shi kusa da kewayen IA. Sai muka yi rikodin shigarwa da fitarwa voltage ƙima a mitoci daban-daban don tantance girman. Sa'an nan, mun zana girman da mita akan makircin don kwatanta shi da simintin LTSpice. Abinda kawai muka canza shine ƙimar C3 da R2 waɗanda sune 0.22 uF da 430 kΩ, bi da bi. Hakanan, mitar da yake cirewa shine 60 Hz.
Mataki 5: Gina Tace Mai Lowpass
Daga nan mun gina matattarar ƙarancin izinin wucewa akan allon burodi bisa tsari akan LTSpice kusa da matatar daraja. Sai muka yi rikodin shigarwa da fitarwa voltages a mitoci daban-daban don sanin girman. Sannan, mun tsara girman da mita don kwatanta shi da simintin LTSPice. Ƙimar kawai da muka canza don wannan tace shine C2 wanda shine 0.15 uF. Mitar yankewa da muke tabbatarwa shine 150 Hz.
Mataki 6: Gwaji akan Batun Dan Adam
Da farko, haɗa nau'ikan da'irar guda uku tare. Bayan haka, gwada shi tare da bugun zuciya mai kwaikwaya don tabbatar da cewa komai yana aiki. Sa'an nan, sanya electrodes a kan mutum don haka tabbatacce yana kan wuyan hannu na dama, korau yana kan idon hagu, kuma ƙasa yana kan idon dama. Da zarar mutum ya shirya, haɗa baturin 9V don kunna opamps kuma nuna alamar fitarwa. Lura cewa yakamata mutum ya tsaya cak na kusan daƙiƙa 10 don samun ingantaccen karatu.
Taya murna, kun yi nasarar ƙirƙirar ECG mai sarrafa kansa!
Takardu / Albarkatu
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Abubuwan da aka ba da umarni Zana ECG Mai Aiki Tare da Ƙirƙirar Siginar Halitta ta atomatik [pdf] Umarni Ƙirƙirar ECG mai Aiki Tare da Ƙararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙirar Halitta, Ƙirar ECG mai Aiki, ECG na Aiki, Ƙirar Siginar Halitta |
