1. Brewing Espresso
- Prepare Ground Coffee: Use freshly ground coffee. For optimal results, grind coffee beans to a fine consistency suitable for espresso.
- Fill Portafilter: Place the desired filter basket (single or double shot) into the portafilter. Fill the basket with ground coffee.
- Tamp Coffee: Use the tamper to press the coffee grounds firmly and evenly. Ensure the surface is level.
- Attach Portafilter: Insert the portafilter into the group head and turn it to the right until it is securely locked in place.
- Place Cup: Position your espresso cup(s) on the drip tray directly under the portafilter spouts.
- Select Shot: Press the single shot button for one espresso or the double shot button for two espressos. The machine will automatically stop when the programmed volume is dispensed.
- Monitor Pressure: Observe the pressure gauge during brewing. The needle should ideally be in the optimal range for proper extraction.

Figure 7: Espresso being extracted into two glasses, demonstrating the brewing process.












