1. Introduction
This manual provides essential information for the assembly, installation, operation, and maintenance of the Anern 12KW Hybrid Solar Inverter (Model AN-FGI-S12000). This multifunctional solar inverter integrates an MPPT solar charge controller, a high-frequency pure sine wave inverter, and a UPS function module into a single unit. It is designed for off-grid backup power and self-consumption applications and can operate with or without batteries.
The inverter supports coordinated control of multiple energy sources, including photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries, and diesel generators. Its energy flow adheres to a clear priority principle to maximize clean energy utilization while ensuring power supply reliability. The built-in or plug-and-play WiFi module allows users to monitor the PV system's status from a mobile phone or website anytime, anywhere.
2. Safety Instructions
Please read and keep this manual for future reference. Adhere strictly to all safety precautions to prevent injury or damage to the equipment.
2.1. Important Safety Information
- WARNING! High voltage: Above 50Vac or 75Vdc. Electrical Hazard!
- WARNING! Do not disconnect under load!
- WARNING! Start maintaining the INVERTER at least 5 minutes after the INVERTER is disconnected from all external power supplies.
- WARNING! All wiring must be performed by qualified personnel.
- WARNING! Do not disassemble the unit. Refer to a qualified service center for repairs. Incorrect re-assembly can lead to electric shock or fire.
- WARNING! To reduce the risk of electric shock, disconnect all wirings before attempting any maintenance or cleaning. Turning off the unit alone does not eliminate this risk.
- WARNING! Do not ground the positive or negative terminals of the PV modules, as this can severely damage the inverter.
- WARNING! Exposure to sunlight can generate lethal high voltages in photovoltaic strings. Strictly adhere to safety precautions listed in photovoltaic string and related documents.
- WARNING! Make sure to connect the PV terminals to the corresponding ports on the inverter, as reversing the polarity can damage the inverter.
- WARNING! Do not connect any DC switches or AC/DC circuit breakers before completing the electrical connections.
- WARNING! Shock Hazard! Installation must be performed with care due to high battery voltage in series.
- WARNING! Do not place anything between the flat part of the inverter terminal and the DT terminal. Overheating may occur.
- WARNING! Do not apply anti-oxidant substance on the terminals before terminals are connected tightly.
- WARNING! Before making the final DC connection or closing DC breaker/disconnector, ensure positive (+) is connected to positive (+) and negative (-) to negative (-).
- CAUTION! Only charge deep-cycle lead-acid type rechargeable batteries and lithium batteries. Other battery types may burst.
- CAUTION! Be very cautious when working with metal tools on or around batteries to avoid short circuits or explosions.
- CAUTION! Install circuit breakers for all lines. Do not connect or disconnect lines at will after power is applied.
2.2. General Guidelines
- Read all instructions and cautionary markings on the unit, batteries, and all appropriate sections of this manual before use.
- All electrical installations must comply with local electrical safety standards.
- When installing PV modules during the daytime, cover them with opaque materials to avoid danger from high terminal voltage.
- NEVER charge a frozen battery.
- For optimal operation, select appropriate cable sizes as specified in this manual.
3. Installation
3.1. Unpacking and Inspection
Upon receiving the product, inspect the packaging for any damage. If damaged, contact your distributor immediately. Open the box to check if the inverter or internal equipment is damaged.3.2. Installation Tools
The following tools are recommended for installation:
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Multi-meter | For electrical measurements |
| Protective gloves | For safety during handling |
| Insulated anti-smashing shoes | For foot protection |
| Safety glasses | For eye protection |
| ESD wrist strap | To prevent electrostatic discharge |
| Hammer drill | For drilling mounting holes |
| Electric screwdriver | For tightening screws |
| Cross screwdriver | For various screw types |
| Rubber mallet | For gentle tapping |
| Spirit level | For ensuring level installation |
| Wire cutter / stripper | For preparing cables |
| Terminal crimping tool | For securing cable terminals |
3.3. Mounting Unit
Consider the following for installation location:
- Do not mount on flammable materials.
- Mount on a solid surface at eye level for LCD visibility.
- Ambient temperature should be between -10°C and 60°C.
- Install vertically on the wall.
- Ensure sufficient space (30cm clearance on all sides) for heat dissipation and wiring.
- Use an Ø8 drilling bit to drill holes for mounting. The distance between holes is 110mm. Insert M6 expansion screw tubes.
- Align the inverter's top screw holes with the installed expansion tubes and fix the inverter with screws.
- Before connecting wires, remove the bottom cover by unscrewing four screws.
3.4. AC Input / Output Connection
Install a separate AC breaker (recommended 80A) between the inverter and the AC input power source. There are three terminal blocks: 'AC IN', 'AC OUT1', 'AC OUT2'. Do NOT mis-connect input and output connectors. Ensure correct polarity (L and N wires).
Recommended AC Input Wire Size:
| Gauge | Cable (mm²) |
|---|---|
| 6 AWG | 13.3 |
Recommended AC Output Wire Sizes:
| Terminal | Gauge | Cable (mm²) |
|---|---|---|
| AC OUT1 (Max current is 70A) | 6 AWG | 13.3 |
| AC OUT2 (Max current is 40A) | 10 AWG | 5.26 |
WARNING! AC OUT2 terminal cannot be connected with a load current > 40A, or an error will be raised.
AC Input Connection Steps:
- Open the AC circuit breaker.
- Remove 12mm insulation from cable ends, shorten conductor to 10mm, insert into tubular terminal, and crimp tightly.
- Insert AC input cables according to polarities (PE: yellow-green, L: brown/black, N: blue) and tighten screws. Connect PE cable first.
- Ensure all cables are securely connected.
3.5. PV Connection
Install a separate DC circuit breaker between the inverter and PV modules. Ensure correct polarity for PV connections.
Recommended PV Module Cable Size:
| Gauge | Cable (mm²) |
|---|---|
| 10AWG | 5.26 |
PV Module Selection Parameters:
- Open circuit Voltage (Voc) of PV modules must not exceed max. PV array open circuit voltage of inverter (500Vdc).
- Open circuit Voltage (Voc) of PV modules should be higher than start-up voltage (80Vdc).
- PV Array MPPT Voltage Range: 60Vdc~450Vdc.
PV Module Connection Steps:
- Open the DC circuit breaker.
- Remove 12mm insulation from cable ends, shorten conductor to 10mm, insert into tubular terminal, and crimp tightly.
- Use a multi-meter to check polarities.
- Insert PV cables according to polarities (PV+: red, PV-: black) and tighten screws.
- Ensure cables are securely connected.
- PV1 and PV2 can be connected to different panel strings. If connected to the same string, change setting 62 to enable PV parallel mode.
3.6. Battery Connection
Install a separate DC over-current protector or disconnect device (recommended 250A) between the battery and inverter. Choose a 48V nominal voltage battery (AGM, FLD, or Lithium).
Recommended Battery Cable and Terminal Size:
| Gauge | Cable (mm²) |
|---|---|
| 000 AWG | 85 |
Battery Connection Steps:
- Unscrew pre-fixed screws on battery poles. Prepare 2 DT terminals.
- Remove 10mm insulation from cable ends, insert into DT terminal, and crimp tightly.
- Pass battery cables through the bottom shell's installation hole and tighten terminal screws. Ensure correct polarity (BAT+ and BAT-).
- Connect all battery packs as required. A minimum 200Ah capacity battery is suggested.
Lithium Battery Connection:
If using a lithium battery, check protocol compatibility. Connect the RJ45 terminal of the battery communication cable to the BMS communication port of the inverter. The protocol should be RS485 or CAN. Ensure the BMS communication cable is connected between the battery and the inverter.
3.7. Smart Communication Stick Connection (Optional)
The smart communication stick (WIFI) connects to the cloud platform. Insert the stick into the COM port directly. Some models have built-in WIFI monitoring.
3.8. Final Assembly
After all wiring is connected, reinstall the bottom cover by screwing in the four screws.
4. Operation
4.1. Power ON/OFF
Once the unit is properly installed and batteries are connected, press the ON/OFF switch (located on the bottom of the case) to turn on the unit.
4.2. Operation and Display Panel
The front panel features four indicators, four function keys, and an LCD display to show operating status and input/output power information.
LED Indicators:
| Indicator | State | Message |
|---|---|---|
| AC (Green) | Solid On | Mains power is normal and in operation. |
| Flashing | Mains power is normal but not yet in operation. | |
| Off | Mains power is abnormal. | |
| Invert (Yellow) | Solid On | Output powered by battery or PV in battery mode. |
| Off | Other states. | |
| Charging (Yellow) | Solid On | Battery is in float charging. |
| Flashing | Battery is in constant voltage charging. | |
| Off | Other states. | |
| Fault (Red) | Solid On | Fault occurs in the inverter. |
| Flashing | Warning condition occurs in the inverter. | |
| Off | Inverter is working properly. |
Function Buttons:
| Button | Description |
|---|---|
| ESC | To exit setting mode |
| UP | To go to previous selection |
| DOWN | To go to next selection |
| ENTER | To confirm the selection in setting mode or enter setting mode |
4.3. LCD Display Icons and Settings
The LCD displays various information, including battery status, AC input/output, PV input, and load capacity. You can navigate through information using the UP/DOWN keys. To enter settings mode, press and hold the ENTER button for 2 seconds. Use UP/DOWN to select programs and ENTER to confirm.
Key settings include Output Voltage (220V/230V/240V), Output Frequency (50Hz/60Hz), Output Source Priority (Grid First, Solar First, SBU Priority, SUB Priority), Input Mode (APP, UPS, GEN), Charger Source Priority (PV and Grid, Only PV, PV First), Grid Charging Current (up to 160A), Maximum Charging Current (up to 160A), Energy-saving Mode, and various battery-related settings (e.g., battery type, low voltage points, equalization).
5. Maintenance
5.1. Battery Equalization
The equalization function helps reverse negative chemical effects in lead-acid batteries, such as stratification and sulfation, which can reduce battery capacity. This function is not recommended for lithium batteries.
How to Apply Equalization Function:
Enable battery equalization in LCD setting Program 32 or choose immediate equalization on Program 35. Then, set:
- Equalization voltage point (Program 31).
- Equalization charging time (Program 32).
- Equalization delay time (Program 33).
- Equalization interval time (Program 34).
- Immediate equalization mode activation (Program 35).
The controller will enter the Equalize stage when the set equalization interval is reached or immediate equalization is activated.
6. Troubleshooting
This section provides guidance on identifying and resolving common issues indicated by fault and alarm codes.
6.1. Fault Reference Code
When a fault occurs, the fault indicator is always on, and the buzzer sounds for 10 seconds before stopping. The system will attempt to restart automatically. If it fails after six attempts, the machine and LCD will remain in fault status. You must power off the machine completely or wait 15 minutes to restart.
| Fault Code | Meaning | Trigger Conditions | Resume Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bus boost fail | Grid soft start process starts but bus voltage does not reach set value | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 2 | Bus over voltage | Bus voltage is higher than set value | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 3 | Bus below voltage | Bus voltage is lower than set value | Restore after 15 seconds |
| 4 | Battery over current | Battery current is higher than set value | Cannot restore |
| 5 | System over temperature | Temperature is higher than set value or fan is not connected | Restore after temperature lower than set value and fan connected for 15 minutes |
| 6 | Battery over voltage | Battery voltage is higher than set value | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 7 | Bus soft start failed | Battery soft start process starts but the bus voltage has not reached set value | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 8 | Bus short circuit | Bus voltage is lower than set value | Cannot restore |
| 9 | Inverter soft start failed | Inverter soft start process starts but the inverter voltage has not reached set value | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 11 | Inverter under voltage | The inverter voltage is lower than the set value in battery mode | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 12 | Inverter short circuit | Inverter voltage is less than the set value and current is higher than the set value | Restore after reaching the set voltage for 15 seconds |
| 13 | Inverter negative power | The inverter power is negative and exceeds the set value for a period of time | Restore after reaching the set value for 15 seconds |
| 14 | Over load | The load current is higher than the set value | Restore after reaching the set value for 15 seconds |
| 17 | Program updating | Inverter updating or OTA | Restore after updating |
| 18 | PV reverse connection | PV reverse connection | Restore after connecting correctly for 15 seconds |
| 26 | BMS fault | Error code in BMS message. | Restore after BMS fault resolved |
| 29 | Inverter load abnormal | Abnormal inverter load leads to abnormal voltage | Restore after voltage returning normal for 15 seconds |
6.2. Alarm Reference Code
When an alarm occurs, the inverter does not enter fault mode; the red LED light flashes, and the LCD displays the alarm code.
| Alarm Code | Meaning | Trigger Conditions | Resume Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | Battery open | Battery disconnected for no more than 10 minutes | Restore after battery connected for 2 minutes |
| 51 | Battery under voltage | Battery voltage is lower than BAU set value | Restore after the battery voltage exceeding the BAU set value by 2V |
| 52 | Battery low voltage | Battery voltage is lower than BAL set value | Restore after the battery voltage exceeding the BAL set value by 2V |
| 53 | Battery charge short circuit | Battery voltage is less than 24V and the charging current exists. | Restore after the short circuit is eliminated. |
| 56 | BMS loss | Communication failure after BMS communication function is enabled | Restore after communication function disabled or communication success |
| 58 | Fan error | No fan speed signal detected | Restore after fan speed signal detected |
| 59 | EEPROM error | EEPROM read/write exception | Cannot restore |
| 60 | Overload | The mains current/battery discharge current/load power is higher than the rated value. | Restore after the mains current/battery discharge current/load power is less than the rated value. |
| 62 | PV energy weak | When the battery is not connected, the bus voltage is lower than the set value | Restore after battery connected or grid connected, or 10 minutes later. |
| 68 | Battery under SOC shutdown | BMS reports SOC lower than BSU set value | Restore after meeting one of the following: 1. Disable low SOC shutdown function. 2. Disable BMS communication function. 3. SOC is higher than the set value by 5%. |
| 69 | Battery below SOC warning | Lithium battery SOC is lower than set value+5% (grid mode or battery mode), lower than set value+10% (standby mode). | Restore after meeting one of the following: 1. Disable low SOC shutdown function. 2. Disable BMS communication function. 3. SOC is higher than the set value by 10%. |
| 72 | Battery can not startup | During standby, battery voltage is lower than the allowed startup voltage | Restore after the battery voltage is higher than the allowed startup voltage |
| 77 | Grid power is unstable | Lost of grid power three times within 5 minutes | Restore after 5 mins |
| 78 | Meter Loss | When the grid power is connected and the grid connected inverter function is set to Meter, the meter communication is disconnected | Restore after grid is disconnected, or detection device is not set to Meter, or meter communication restore |
7. Specifications
Detailed technical specifications for the Anern 12KW Hybrid Solar Inverter (AN-FGI-S12000).
| AC Input | |
|---|---|
| Rated Input Voltage (VAC) | 220/230/240; L+N+PE |
| Voltage Range (VAC) | 90~280 (APP mode); 170~280 (UPS mode) |
| Frequency (Hz) | 50/60 (Auto Adaptive) |
| AC Output | |
|---|---|
| Rated Capacity (kW) | 12 (Max current of AC output 1 is 70A. Max current of AC output 2 is 40A) |
| Surge Power (kVA) | 24 |
| Voltage (VAC) | 220/230/240 |
| Power Factor (PF) | 1 |
| Frequency (Hz) | 50/60±0.1% |
| Switch Time (ms) | 10 (APP/UPS mode) / 20 (GEN mode) |
| WaveForm | Pure Sine Wave |
| Overload Capacity (Battery Mode) | 1min@ 102%~125% load; 10s@ >125% load |
| Max. Efficiency (Battery Mode) | 94%@48V |
| Charger (PV/AC) | |
|---|---|
| Solar Charger Type | MPPT |
| Max PV Input Current/Power | Single PV Input: 27A/9000W; Dual PV Input: 22.5*2A/15000W |
| MPPT Range@Operating Voltage (VDC) | 60~450 |
| PV Start-up Voltage | 80Vdc |
| Max PV Open Circuit Voltage (VDC) | 500 |
| Max PV Charge Current (A) | 160 |
| Max AC Charge Current (A) | 160 |
| Max. Charge Current (PV+AC) (A) | 160 |
| Battery | |
|---|---|
| Normal Voltage (VDC) | 48 |
| Battery Type | Lithium and Lead-acid |
| General Data | |
|---|---|
| HMI | LCD |
| Interface | RS232/RS485/CAN |
| Monitoring | WiFi (Optional) |
| Ingress Protection | IP21 |
| Operating Temperature | -10°C~60°C |
| Relative Humidity | 5%~95% (Non-condensing) |
| Storage Temperature | -15°C~60°C |
| Max. Operating Altitude | 4000m (Derating above 1000m) |
| Size | 53*43*14cm |
| Weight | 16kg |
8. User Tips
- Flexible Operation: This inverter can function both with and without a battery, and can draw power from the mains or solar panels. This offers versatility for various energy setups.
- Inductive Load Sizing: For inductive loads (e.g., air conditioners, refrigerators), ensure their starting power is at least three times the inverter's rated power to prevent damage. Select a suitable model based on your appliance requirements.
- Professional Installation: It is highly recommended to have a professional worker install the inverter to ensure correct wiring and prevent potential damage or hazards.
- Correct Connection Sequence: Always follow the specified connection and disconnection sequences:
- Starting: Battery switch ON → Inverter ON → PV, Mains, and Load switches ON.
- Shutdown: Load, PV, and Mains switches OFF → Inverter OFF → Battery switch OFF.
9. Warranty and Support
For detailed warranty information, service, and support, please refer to the complete user manual PDF available for download. The manufacturer is not responsible for issues arising from non-compliance with the instructions in this manual.
You can access the full user manual PDF here: Anern 12KW Hybrid Solar Inverter User Manual (PDF)