1. Introduction
Thank you for choosing the APISQUEEN Lightning 2-6S 35A/45A Waterproof Bi-Directional Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). This ESC is designed for robust performance in demanding environments, particularly for underwater thrusters, motors, and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs). Its waterproof design ensures reliability, while the bi-directional capability offers versatile control. This manual provides essential information for proper setup, operation, and maintenance to ensure optimal performance and longevity of your ESC.
2. Specifications
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Brand Name | ApisQueen |
| RC Parts & Accs | Motors |
| Material | Composite Material |
| Is Electric | No Battery |
| Is it battery/power supply | N |
| Is it charger/adapter | N |
| Is Batteries Included | No |
| High-concerned chemical | None |
| Origin | Mainland China |
| Recommend Age | 14+y |
| Use | Vehicles & Remote Control Toys |
3. Setup and Wiring
Proper wiring is crucial for the safe and correct operation of your ESC. Follow the diagram below for connecting the ESC to your battery, receiver, BEC (if applicable), and motor.
Wiring Instructions:
- Signal Wire: The white wire is the signal wire.
- Ground Wire: The black wire is the ground wire.
- Motor Connection: Connect the motor's three-phase cables (ABC) to the ESC's corresponding ABC terminals. If the motor's steering is not as expected, you can interchange any two of the three ABC lines to reverse the direction of rotation.
- Insulation: Always ensure all solder joints are properly insulated with heat shrink tubing or other appropriate insulating material to prevent short circuits, especially in wet environments.
4. Operating Instructions
PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) Control
The ESC operates using Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as a duty cycle signal. This signal determines the proportion of the high-level duration to the total signal period, controlling the motor's speed and direction.
- Signal Period: The total period for PWM is 2ms.
- Stop Position: A PWM signal of 1.5ms (75% duty cycle) corresponds to the motor stopping.
- Forward Rotation: A PWM signal between 1.5ms and 2ms (75% to 100% duty cycle) controls forward rotation, with 2ms (100%) being maximum forward speed.
- Reverse Rotation: A PWM signal between 1.5ms and 1ms (75% to 50% duty cycle) controls reverse rotation, with 1ms (50%) being maximum reverse speed.
The ESC can adjust the motor's speed by varying the PWM duty cycle. When the PWM is gradually changed from 75% to 50%, the motor will smoothly transition from stop to maximum reverse speed. Similarly, changing the PWM from 75% to 100% will accelerate the motor from stop to maximum forward speed. The effective control range for PWM is from 50% to 100%.
PWM Signal Frequency
The frequency of the PWM signal can be set to 50Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz, or 500Hz. A higher control frequency results in a shorter period and control interval, leading to a faster response speed from both the ESC and the motor. Conversely, a lower control frequency will result in a longer period and control interval, and thus a slower response.
5. Maintenance
The APISQUEEN Lightning ESC is designed to be waterproof, making it suitable for underwater applications. To ensure its longevity and reliable performance:
- Regular Inspection: Periodically inspect all wiring and connections for any signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Ensure all solder joints remain insulated.
- Cleaning: After use in water, especially saltwater, rinse the ESC with fresh water to remove any salt or debris. Allow it to dry completely before storage or next use.
- Storage: Store the ESC in a dry, cool place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures.
- Avoid Physical Damage: Protect the ESC from impacts or crushing, which could compromise its waterproof integrity or internal components.
6. Troubleshooting and Protections
The ESC incorporates several protection mechanisms to safeguard itself and the connected components. Understanding these can help in diagnosing and resolving common issues.
Protection Mechanisms:
- Start-up Protection:
- If the motor fails to start within 3 seconds of accelerating the throttle, the ESC will cut off its output. To restart, move the throttle stick back to the bottom position and then re-accelerate. Common causes for this protection to trigger include: bad connection or disconnection between the ESC and motor, or blocked propellers.
- Over-current Protection:
- The ESC will cut off power output if the load current exceeds 1 to 2 times the high current threshold. Operation will resume after moving the throttle stick to the bottom position. The ESC will automatically attempt to restart after an over-current event.
- Throttle Signal Loss Protection:
- If the ESC detects a loss of throttle signal for more than 0.2 seconds, it will either cut off power output or adjust the output to prevent greater loss from continuous high-speed propeller rotation. The ESC will resume the corresponding output once a normal signal is restored.
7. User Tips
No specific user tips are available at this time. Always ensure all connections are secure and insulated, especially when operating in wet conditions.
8. Warranty and Support
For warranty claims, technical support, or service inquiries, please contact the APISQUEEN Official Store directly through your purchase platform. Keep your proof of purchase handy for faster service. Please note that damage due to improper installation, misuse, or unauthorized modifications may void your warranty.