1. Introduction
What is a Battery Equalizer?
A battery equalizer is a device designed to maintain the charge and discharge balance between individual batteries within a battery pack, whether connected in series or parallel. In battery systems, variations in chemical composition, temperature, or even self-discharge rates among cells can lead to imbalances during operation. This imbalance can cause some batteries to be overcharged or over-discharged while others remain undercharged, accelerating battery degradation and leading to premature failure of the entire pack.
How the Heltec Battery Equalizer Works
The Heltec battery equalizer is an energy transfer equalizer that actively balances batteries in both directions. When the voltage difference between series-connected batteries exceeds 50 millivolts, the equalizer activates. It transfers current from the higher-voltage battery to the lower-voltage battery, effectively balancing their charge levels. This process occurs automatically and continuously, ensuring long-term battery balance without manual intervention. The equalizer can be permanently connected to the battery pack.
This equalizer is compatible with various battery types, including lead-acid, Li-ion, LiFePO4, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-hydrogen batteries. It operates with individual battery voltages between 7V and 18V, making it suitable for systems ranging from 12V to high-voltage setups like 48V, 60V, 72V, 96V, 110V, 220V, and 240V. Multiple equalizers can be connected in parallel to manage larger battery banks. Its rail-type buckle installation allows for easy integration into distribution boxes.
Illustration of battery sulfation before and after equalization with the HT-10N model.
Illustration of battery sulfation before and after equalization with the HT-10C/HT-10E models.
2. Specifications
Combined specifications for HT-10N, HT-10E, and HT-10C models.
| Feature | HT-10N | HT-10E | HT-10C |
|---|---|---|---|
| Display method | No Indicator | LED Indicator | LCD |
| Rated Voltage Scope | 2-18V | 7-18V | 7-18V |
| Optimizing Current | 0-10A | ||
| Quiescent Current | 5mA | 6mA | 10mA |
| Connection method | Parallel Connect or Series Connect | ||
| Multi-module parallel connection | Support | ||
| Product Size | 85*75*30mm | ||
| Product Weight | 245g | 200g | 160g |
| Packing Quantity | 50pcs/Ctn | ||
| Carton Size | 56*35*27cm | ||
Battery Model Settings (for HT-10C)
| Model No | Quantity of the cells | Rated Voltage | Battery Type | Max charge voltage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B01 | 2S x 3.7V | 7.4V | Lithium Ion Battery | 8.4V |
| B02 | 3S x 3.7V | 11.1V | Lithium Ion Battery | 12.6V |
| B03 | / | 12V | Lead-acid battery | 14.8V |
| B04 | 4S x 3.2V | 12.8V | LiFePO4 Battery | 14.4V |
| B05 | 4S x 3.7V | 14.8V | Lithium Ion Battery | 16.8V |
Note: Default mode is B03 for Lead-acid batteries.
3. Package Contents
The product package typically includes:
- Heltec Battery Equalizer unit (HT-10C, HT-10N, or HT-10E model)
- Two pairs of battery connection terminal wires
- One pair of parallel wiring (for connecting multiple equalizers)
Heltec HT-10C Battery Equalizer with included connection wires and packaging.
4. Safety Information
- Always confirm the positive (+) and negative (-) poles of each battery before connecting the equalizer to avoid short circuits or reverse connections.
- Ensure all connections are secure and properly insulated to prevent electrical hazards.
- Do not attempt to open or modify the equalizer unit. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
- Keep the device away from water, moisture, and extreme temperatures.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety glasses and gloves when working with batteries.
Important warning to read installation steps carefully.
5. Setup and Installation
Before installing the Battery Equalizer, please read the installation steps carefully to avoid damage to the device.
Single Equalizer Connection (for 2 Batteries)
- **Verify Polarity**: Before connecting, carefully confirm the positive and negative poles of each battery to prevent short circuits and reverse connections between the equalizer terminals.
- **Measure Battery Voltages**: Measure the voltages of the two batteries separately to ensure they are within the normal operating range (7V-18V for HT-10C/HT-10E, 2-18V for HT-10N).
- **Connect First Battery & Set Type**: Connect the battery equalizer's B1+ and B1- terminals to Battery 1. For HT-10C models, long-press the 'SET' button for 5 seconds until 'B00' flashes. Use the 'SET' or 'DOWN' button to select the correct battery model number (e.g., B03 for 12V Lead-acid). The system will automatically save the setting after 5 seconds of no button operation.
- **Connect Second Battery**: After setting the battery type, connect the battery equalizer's B2+ and B2- terminals to Battery 2.
Connection examples for HT-10N, HT-10E, and HT-10C with two batteries.
Detailed diagram of HT-10C LCD display and battery port connections.
Multiple Equalizer Connection (for 3+ Batteries)
If you need to connect more than two batteries, you can use multiple battery equalizers in parallel. Connect the P1 and P2 terminals of two adjacent battery equalizers in parallel. After completing the connection of multiple equalizer modules, allow several hours for the system to achieve complete voltage balance across all batteries.
Example connections for 2, 4, and 6 batteries using multiple HT-10C units.
Comprehensive connection diagrams for 2 to 12 batteries using multiple HT-10C units.
Video demonstrating the Heltec battery equalizer (HT-10C) in operation with two batteries.
6. Operating Instructions
LCD Display (HT-10C)
The HT-10C model features an LCD display that provides real-time information about your battery system. The display typically shows:
- Total Battery Power (as a percentage)
- Individual Battery Voltages (Bat.1, Bat.2)
- Battery Model (e.g., B03)
- Equalization status
Front view of the Heltec HT-10C Battery Equalizer with its LCD display.
Illustration of the equalization process as displayed on the HT-10C LCD.
Setting Battery Type (HT-10C)
To set the battery type on the HT-10C model:
- Ensure the equalizer is connected to at least one battery (B1+ and B1-).
- Long-press the 'SET' button for approximately 5 seconds. The display will show 'B00' and it will start flashing.
- Use the 'SET' or 'DOWN' buttons to cycle through the available battery model numbers (B01, B02, B03, B04, B05). Refer to the 'Battery Model Settings' table in the Specifications section for details on each model.
- Once the correct battery model is displayed, release the button. The system will automatically save the selected battery type after 5 seconds of inactivity.
7. Troubleshooting
Common Issues and Solutions
- **Equalizer does not display or operate normally:**
- Check the polarity of the B1 and B2 connections. The standard battery group voltage polarity relationship should be +,-,-,+. If your battery group voltage polarity is -,-,+,+ (as shown in Pic.2 below), connect the battery equalizer as per Pic.2. Incorrect polarity will prevent normal operation.
- Ensure the battery voltage is within the rated scope (7-18V for HT-10C/HT-10E, 2-18V for HT-10N). - **No equalization occurring or slow equalization:**
- Verify that the voltage difference between the batteries exceeds 50mV for the equalizer to activate.
- Confirm that the correct battery type is selected in the settings (for HT-10C). - **Device not turning on:**
- Check all wiring connections for looseness or damage.
- Ensure the battery terminals are clean and provide good contact.
Correct (Pic.1) and incorrect (Pic.2) polarity connections for troubleshooting display issues.
8. User Tips
- **Battery Compatibility**: For optimal performance, it is crucial that the two batteries connected to a single equalizer are of the same type. Differences in capacity or age between batteries can significantly impact the effectiveness of the equalization process.
- **One Equalizer per Two Batteries**: Each Heltec battery equalizer unit is designed to balance two batteries. For systems with more than two batteries, you will need to use multiple equalizer modules.
- **Scalability**: Multiple battery equalizers can be connected in parallel to balance a larger number of batteries in a battery pack. Theoretically, there is no limit to the number of batteries that can be balanced using this modular approach.
- **Gel Batteries**: If you are using gel batteries, select battery model B03, which is designated for 12V Lead-acid batteries.
- **Series and Parallel Connections**: The equalizer supports both series and parallel battery connections. For 2 batteries, they can be connected in series or parallel to the equalizer.
- **Operation during Charge/Discharge**: The equalizer functions during both charging and discharging cycles, actively maintaining balance to prolong battery life.
9. Maintenance
- **Regular Inspection**: Periodically inspect all wiring and connections to ensure they are tight and free from corrosion or damage.
- **Cleaning**: Keep the equalizer unit clean and free of dust and debris. Use a dry, soft cloth for cleaning. Do not use liquid cleaners.
- **Environmental Conditions**: Ensure the equalizer is installed in a well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, excessive heat, or moisture.
10. Warranty and Support
The Heltec Battery Equalizer is CE certified, indicating compliance with European safety, health, and environmental protection standards.
Product certifications.
For technical support, warranty claims, or further inquiries, please contact your seller or the manufacturer directly. Refer to your purchase documentation for specific contact information.
