Iphepha elimhlophe eliNika a
Inqanaba Eliphezulu Ngaphezuluview yeAudio
Iinketho kwiRaspberry Pi SBCs
I-Raspberry Pi Ltd

eColophon

© 2022-2025 Raspberry Pi Ltd
Olu xwebhu lunelayisensi phantsi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND).
Inguqulelo 1.0
Umhla wokwakhiwa: 28/05/2025

Isaziso esisemthethweni sokuzihlangula

IDATHA YOBUGCISA NEENKONZO YEEMVELISO ZERASPBERRY PI (KUQUKA IIDAASHETHI) NJENGOKO ZILUNGISWE NGAMAXESHA NGETHUBA (“IZIBONELELO”) ZINIKEZELWA YI-RASPBERRY PI LTD (“RPL”) “NJENGOKO ZINJALO” KUNYE NAYO NAYIPHI NA INKCAZELO OKANYE OKUNGABAXEKIYO, UNGAHLANGANISIWEYO, UKUYA, IZIQINISEKISO EZIXINWEYO ZOKURHWEBA NOKULUNGELA NGENJONGO ETHILE ZIXINWE. NGENXA EYENZAYO EKUVUNYIWE NGAYO UMTHETHO OSEBENZAYO KUKHO AKUKHO SIGANEKO I-RPL AYIYI KUTHWALAPHA NALUPHI NA INDLELA ETHILE, ENGACHAPHAZANGA, ESAYISEhlo, EZIKHETHEKILEYO, OMZEKELO, OKANYE OKUPHUMELELEYO (KUbandakanywa, KODWA AKUNIKEZELWA MTHETHO, UKUNIKEZELWA KOMTHETHO; , OKANYE IINZUZO OKANYE UKUPHAZAMISEKA KWESHISHINI) NANGONA NAKUMBI KUBANGELEKILEYO KUNYE NAKUYAYIPHI NA ITHIYORI YOBUXHOXO, ENOBA KUKWEMVUMELWANO, UXANDUVA OLUQINISEKILEYO, OKANYE UKUBANDAKANYA KUNGAKHATHALISEKI OKANYE NGENXA YOKUFAKA NGAYO NAYIPHI NA IINDLELA EZIPHUMA KWISIBONELELO SOKUSETYENZISWA KWESINXEKO UMONAKALO OLULO.
I-RPL inelungelo lokwenza naluphi na uphuculo, uphuculo, izilungiso okanye naluphi na olunye uhlengahlengiso kwi-RESOURCES okanye naziphi na iimveliso ezichazwe kuzo nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye ngaphandle kwesaziso esongezelelweyo.
I-RESOURCES yenzelwe abasebenzisi abanezakhono abanamanqanaba afanelekileyo olwazi loyilo. Abasebenzisi banoxanduva kuphela lokukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-RESOURCES kunye naluphi na usetyenziso lweemveliso ezichazwe kuzo. Umsebenzisi uyavuma ukuhlawula kunye nokubamba i-RPL ingenabungozi kuwo onke amatyala, iindleko, umonakalo okanye enye ilahleko evela kusetyenziso lwabo lwe-RESOURCES. I-RPL inika abasebenzisi imvume yokusebenzisa i-RESOURCES kuphela ngokudibana neemveliso zeRaspberry Pi. Konke okunye ukusetyenziswa kwe-RESOURCES akuvumelekanga. Akukho layisenisi inikwa nayiphi na enye i-RPL okanye elinye ilungelo lepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
IMISEBENZI YOMNGCIPHEKO OMKHULU. Iimveliso zeRaspberry Pi aziyilwanga, zenziwe okanye zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobungozi ezifuna ukungaphumeleli kokusebenza okukhuselekileyo, njengokusebenza kwezixhobo zenyukliya, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya okanye iinkqubo zonxibelelwano, ulawulo lwezithuthi zomoya, izixhobo zezixhobo okanye izicelo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko (kubandakanywa neenkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi kunye nezinye izixhobo zonyango), apho ukusilela kweemveliso kunokukhokelela ekufeni ngokuthe ngqo, ukwenzakala okanye ukonakala okukhulu ngokwasemzimbeni okanye umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo (“). I-RPL ayibangi ngokungqalileyo nayiphi na iwaranti echaziweyo okanye echaziweyo yokufaneleka kwiMisebenzi yoMngcipheko oMkhulu kwaye ayamkeli xanduva lokusebenzisa okanye ukubandakanywa kweemveliso zeRaspberry Pi kwiMisebenzi yoMngcipheko oMkhulu. Iimveliso zeRaspberry Pi zibonelelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiRPL's Imigaqo esemgangathweni. Ubonelelo lwe-RPL lweZIXHOBO azinandisi okanye aziguqule ngenye indlela ii-RPL's Imigaqo esemgangathweni kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwiziqinisekiso kunye neziqinisekiso ezichazwe kuzo.

Imbali yoguqulelo loxwebhu

Umda woxwebhu
Olu xwebhu lusebenza kwezi mveliso zilandelayo Raspberry Pi:

Intshayelelo

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iinketho ezikhoyo zokukhutshwa kweaudio kwiRaspberry Pi SBCs (iikhompyuter ezinebhodi enye) ziye zaba zininzi, kwaye indlela eziqhutywa ngayo kwisoftware itshintshile.
Olu xwebhu luza kugqitha kwiinketho ezininzi ezikhoyo zemveliso yeaudiyo kwisixhobo sakho seRaspberry Pi kwaye inike imiyalelo yokusebenzisa iinketho zomsindo kwidesktop kunye nomgca womyalelo.
Eli phepha limhlophe lithatha ukuba isixhobo seRaspberry Pi siqhuba iRaspberry Pi OS kwaye sihlaziyiwe ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-firmware yamva nje kunye neekernel.

Raspberry Pi audio hardware

HDMI
Zonke ii-Raspberry Pi SBCs zinedibansi ye-HDMI exhasa i-HDMI yomsindo. Ukuqhagamshela iRaspberry Pi SBC yakho kwimonitha okanye umabonwakude onezithethi kuya kwenza ngokuzenzekelayo imveliso yomsindo weHDMI ngokusebenzisa ezo zithethi. I-audio ye-HDMI yisignali yedijithali ephezulu, ngoko ke iziphumo zinokuba zihle kakhulu, kwaye i-audio ye-multichannel njenge-DTS iyaxhaswa.
Ukuba usebenzisa i-HDMI ividiyo kodwa ufuna isignali ye-audio yahlulwe - umzekeloample, kwi ampi-lifier engayixhasi igalelo le-HDMI - ngoko kuya kufuneka usebenzise inxalenye eyongezelelweyo ye-hardware ebizwa ngokuba yi-splitter ukukhupha isignali ye-audio kwisignali ye-HDMI. Oku kunokuba yindleko, kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela, kwaye ezi zichazwe ngezantsi.
I-analogue PCM/3.5 mm jack
Iimodeli zeRaspberry Pi B+, 2, 3, kunye ne-4 zine-4-pole 3.5 mm ijekhi yomsindo enokuxhasa isandi kunye nemiqondiso yevidiyo edibeneyo. Le yimveliso ye-analogue ephantsi eveliswe kwi-PCM (i-pulse-code modulation) isignali, kodwa isafanelekile kwii-headphones kunye nezithethi ze-desktop.
PHAWULA
Akukho mveliso yomsindo we-analogue kwiRaspberry Pi 5.
Iimpawu ze-jack plug zichazwe kwitheyibhile elandelayo, iqala ukusuka ekupheleni kwentambo kwaye iphele kwincam. Iintambo ziyafumaneka ngezabelo ezahlukeneyo, ke qiniseka ukuba uneyona ichanekileyo.

Iibhodi zeadaptha ezisekelwe kwi-I2S
Zonke iimodeli ze-Raspberry Pi SBCs zine-peripheral ye-I2S ekhoyo kwi-header ye-GPIO. I-I2S ngumgangatho wojongano lwebhasi yombane esetyenziselwa ukuqhagamshela izixhobo ezimanyelwayo zedijithali kunye nokunxibelelana nedatha ye-PCM yomsindo phakathi kweeperipherals kwisixhobo sombane. I-Raspberry Pi Ltd ivelisa uluhlu lweebhodi zomsindo ezidibanisa kwi-header ye-GPIO kwaye isebenzise i-interface ye-I2S ukudlulisa idatha yomsindo kwi-SoC (inkqubo kwi-chip) kwi-add-on board.
Phawula: Iibhodi ezongezelelweyo ezidibanisa nge-header ye-GPIO kwaye zihambelana neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-HAT (i-Hardware eqhotyoshelwe Phezulu). Iinkcukacha zabo zinokufumaneka apha: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/
Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwee-HAT zomsindo zinokubonwa kwi-Raspberry Pi Ltd webindawo: https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/
Kukwakho nenani elikhulu leeHAT zomntu wesithathu ezifumanekayo kwimveliso yomsindo, kwi-example ukusuka ePimoroni, HiFiBerry, Adafruit, njl., kwaye ezi zibonelela ngobuninzi beempawu ezahlukeneyo.
USB audio
Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufaka i-HAT, okanye ukhangele indlela ekhawulezayo nelula yokudibanisa i-jack plug ye-headphone output okanye i-microphone input, ngoko i-adapter ye-audio ye-USB yinto efanelekileyo. Ezi zixhobo zilula, zitshiphu eziplaga kwelinye lamazibuko e-USB-A kwiRaspberry Pi SBC.
I-Raspberry Pi OS ibandakanya abaqhubi be-audio ye-USB ngokungagqibekanga; nje ukuba isixhobo siplagwe, kufuneka sivele kwimenyu yesixhobo evelayo xa i icon yesithethi kwibar yomsebenzi icofa-ekunene.
Inkqubo iya kuphinda ibone ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba isixhobo se-USB esiqhotyoshelweyo sinegalelo lemakrofoni kwaye sivumele inkxaso efanelekileyo.
ibluetooth
I-audio yeBluetooth ibhekiselele kukuhanjiswa kwedatha yesandi ngaphandle kwamacingo ngobuchwepheshe beBluetooth, esetyenziswa kakhulu. Ivumela iRaspberry Pi SBC ukuba ithethe nezithethi zeBluetooth kunye nee-headphones / ii-earbuds, okanye nasiphi na esinye isixhobo somsindo esinenkxaso yeBluetooth. Uluhlu lufutshane ngokufanelekileyo - malunga ne-10 m ubuninzi.
Izixhobo zeBluetooth kufuneka 'zidityaniswe' kunye neRaspberry Pi SBC kwaye ziya kuvela kwiisethingi zeaudio kwidesktop nje ukuba yenziwe. IBluetooth ifakwe ngokungagqibekanga kwiRaspberry Pi OS, kunye nelogo yeBluetooth evela kwibar yomsebenzi wedesktop kuzo naziphi na izixhobo ezinehardware yeBluetooth efakiweyo (enokwakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye ngeBluetooth USB dongle). Xa iBluetooth yenziwe, i icon iya kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; xa ivaliwe, i icon izakuba ngwevu.

Inkxaso yeSoftware

Isoftware yenkxaso yomsindo esisiseko itshintshe kakhulu kumfanekiso opheleleyo weRaspberry Pi OS, kwaye, kumsebenzisi wokugqibela, olu tshintsho lubonakala elubala. Inkqubo esezantsi yesandi esetyenzisiweyo ibiyi ALSA. I-Pulse Audio iphumelele i-ALSA, ngaphambi kokuba ithatyathelwe indawo yinkqubo yangoku, ebizwa ngokuba yiPipe Wire. Le nkqubo inomsebenzi ofanayo kunye nePulse Audio, kunye ne-API ehambelanayo, kodwa inezandiso zokusingatha ividiyo kunye nezinye iimpawu, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwevidiyo kunye nomsindo kube lula kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba iPipe Wire isebenzisa i-API efanayo nePulse Audio, izixhobo zePulse Audio zisebenza kakuhle kwi-Pipe Wire system.
Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kwi-exampngaphantsi ngezantsi.
Ukugcina ubungakanani bomfanekiso uphantsi, iRaspberry Pi OS Lite isasebenzisa i-ALSA ukubonelela ngenkxaso yomsindo kwaye ayibandakanyi naluphi na ucingo lwePipe, iPulse Audio, okanye iilayibrari ezivakalayo zeBluetooth. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukufaka iilayibrari ezifanelekileyo ukongeza ezo mpawu njengoko zifunwa, kwaye le nkqubo ichazwe ngezantsi.
Idesktop
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, imisebenzi yomsindo iphathwa nge icon yesithethi kwibar yomsebenzi wedesktop. Ukucofa ekhohlo kwi icon kuzisa isilayidi sevolumu kunye neqhosha lesimumu, ngelixa ukucofa ekunene kuzisa uluhlu lwezixhobo zomsindo ezikhoyo. Cofa ngokulula kwisixhobo somsindo ofuna ukusisebenzisa. Kukho ukhetho, ngokucofa-ekunene, ukutshintsha iprofiles isetyenziswa sisixhobo ngasinye. Ezi profiles idla ngokubonelela ngemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yobulunga.
Ukuba inkxaso yemakrofoni yenziwe, i icon yombhobho iya kuvela kwimenyu; ukunqakraza-ekunene koku kuza kuvelisa iinketho zemenu ye-microphone, ezinjengokhetho lwesixhobo songeniso, ngelixa ukucofa-ekhohlo kuzisa useto lwenqanaba longeniso.
ibluetooth
Ukubhanqa isixhobo seBluetooth, cofa ekhohlo kwi icon yeBluetooth kwibar yomsebenzi, emva koko ukhethe 'Yongeza isixhobo'. Inkqubo iya kuthi ke iqalise ukukhangela izixhobo ezikhoyo, eziya kufuna ukuba zifakwe kwimowudi ethi 'Discover' ukuze ibonwe. Cofa kwisixhobo xa sivela kuluhlu kwaye izixhobo kufuneka zibhanqe. Nje ukuba zibhanqiwe, isixhobo somsindo siya kuvela kwimenyu, ekhethwe ngokucofa i icon yesithethi kwibar yomsebenzi.
Umgca womyalelo
Ngenxa yokuba iPipe Wire isebenzisa i-API efanayo nePulse Audio, uninzi lwemiyalelo yePulse Audio esetyenziselwa ukulawula umsebenzi womsindo kwiPipe Wire. iipacts yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulawula iPulse Audio: chwetheza indoda pactl kumgca womyalelo ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Izinto ezifunekayo kwiRaspberry Pi OS Lite
Kufakelo olupheleleyo lweRaspberry Pi OS, zonke izicelo ezifunekayo zomgca womyalelo kunye namathala eencwadi sele efakiwe. Kwinguqulo yeLite, nangona kunjalo, iPipe Wire ayifakwanga ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye kufuneka ifakwe ngesandla ukuze ikwazi ukudlala isandi.
Ukufakela amathala eencwadi afunekayo ocingo lwePipe kwiRaspberry Pi OS Lite, nceda ufake oku kulandelayo: sudo apt install pipewire pipewire-pulse pipewire-audio pulseaudio-utils
Ukuqalisa kwakhona emva kofakelo yeyona ndlela ilula yokwenza yonke into isebenze.
Ukudlala okuvakalayo exampLes
Bonisa uluhlu lweemodyuli ezifakiweyo zePulse audio ngendlela emfutshane (ifomu ende iqulethe ulwazi oluninzi kwaye kunzima ukuyifunda): $ pactl uluhlu lweemodyuli ezimfutshane Bonisa uluhlu lwePulse Audio sinki ngendlela emfutshane:
Uluhlu lwe-pactl lutshona mfutshane
KwiRaspberry Pi 5 eqhagamshelwe kwi-HDMI esweni ngesandi esakhelwe ngaphakathi kunye nekhadi lesandi elongezelelweyo le-USB, lo myalelo unika oku kulandelayo: Uluhlu lwe-pactl lutshona mfutshane.
179 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED 265 alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_00peo-Sound_Sound_Sound_anapulog- s16le 2ch 48000Hz INGISISWE
PHAWULA
I-Raspberry Pi 5 ayinayo i-analogue ngaphandle.
Ufakelo lweRaspberry Pi OS Lite kwiRaspberry Pi 4 - eneHDMI kunye ne-analogue ngaphandle - oku kulandelayo kubuyiswa: $ pactl uluhlu lutshona mfutshane
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
Ukubonisa kunye nokutshintsha isinki engagqibekanga ukuya kwi-HDMI yomsindo (uqaphela ukuba isenokuba yinto engagqibekanga) kolu fakelo lweRaspberry Pi OS Lite, chwetheza ku:
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback
$ pactl iseti-ehlala ikho-isinki 70
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo
Ukudlala kwakhona njengeampLe, kufuneka kuqala ilayishwe kwi sample cache, kulo mzekelo kwi sinki engagqibekanga. Ungatshintsha i-sink ngokongeza igama layo ekupheleni kwe-pactl play-sample command:
$ pactl ukulayisha-sample sample.mp3 pamplename
$ pactl play-sample samplename
Kukho umyalelo wePulse Audio ekulula ngakumbi ukuwusebenzisa ukudlala iaudio emva:
$ paplay sample.mp3
i-pactl inokhetho lokuseta umthamo wokudlala kwakhona. Kuba idesktop isebenzisa izixhobo zePulse Audio ukufumana kunye nokuseta ulwazi lweaudio, ukwenziwa kolu tshintsho lwelayini yomyalelo luya kubonakaliswa kwisilayidi sevolumu kwidesktop.
Le example yehlisa umthamo nge-10%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10%
Le exampsimisela umthamo ukuya kuma-50%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 50%
Kukho imiyalelo emininzi yePulse Audio engakhankanywanga apha. Umsindo wePulse webindawo (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/) kunye namaphepha omntu omyalelo ngamnye anikezela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga nenkqubo.
ibluetooth
Ukulawula iBluetooth kumgca womyalelo kunokuba yinkqubo enzima. Xa usebenzisa iRaspberry Pi OS Lite, imiyalelo efanelekileyo sele ifakiwe. Owona myalelo uluncedo yibluetoothctl, kunye nezinye exampiinxalenye zayo ezisetyenziswayo zinikwe ngezantsi.
Yenza isixhobo sifumaneke kwezinye izixhobo:
Ibluetoothctl ifumaneka kwi
Yenza isixhobo sihambelane nezinye izixhobo:
$ bluetoothctl edityanisiweyo kwi
Skena izixhobo zeBluetooth kuluhlu:
$ bluetoothctl scan on
Cima ukuskena:
$ bluetoothctl scan off bluetoothctl also has an interactive mode, ebhengezwa ngokusebenzisa umyalelo ongena parameters. Le ex ilandelayoample iqhuba indlela esebenzisanayo, apho umyalelo woluhlu ungeniswa khona kunye neziphumo ezibonisiweyo, kwiRaspberry Pi 4 eqhuba iRaspberry Pi OS Lite Bookworm: $ bluetoothctl
Ummeli obhalisiweyo
[bluetooth]# uluhlu
Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Pi4Lite [ehlala ikho] [bluetooth]#
Ungachwetheza ngoku imiyalelo kwitoliki kwaye iya kuphunyezwa. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokubhanqa kunye, kwaye emva koko iqhagamshele kuyo, isixhobo sinokufundeka ngolu hlobo: $ bluetoothctl
Iarhente ebhalisiweyo [bluetooth]# iyafunyanwa kwi
Ukutshintsha okufunyenweyo kuphumelele
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Funyaniseka kwi [bluetooth]# parable on
Ukutshintsha iperirable kuphumelele
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Imataniswe kwi [bluetooth]# scan on
< inokuba luluhlu olude lwezixhobo kwindawo >
[bluetooth]# iperi [idilesi ye-mac yesixhobo, ukusuka kumyalelo wokuskena okanye kwisixhobo ngokwaso, ngendlela xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] [bluetooth]# icinyiwe
[bluetooth]# qhagamshela [idilesi ye-mac efanayo] Isixhobo seBluetooth ngoku kufuneka sivele kuluhlu lweesinki, njengoko kubonisiwe kule ex.ample ukusuka kufakelo lweRaspberry Pi OS Lite:
Uluhlu lwe-pactl lutshona mfutshane
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
71 bluez_output.CA_3A_B2_CA_7C_55.1 Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz SUSPENDED
$ pactl iseti-ehlala ikho-isinki 71
$ paplayample_audio_file>
Ngoku unokwenza oku kube yinto engagqibekanga kwaye udlale kwakhona iaudio kuyo.
Izigqibo
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa imveliso yomsindo evela kwizixhobo zeRaspberry Pi Ltd, ukulungiselela uninzi lweemfuno zabasebenzisi. Eli phepha-mhlophe liye lachaza ezo ndlela kwaye lanika ulwazi malunga noninzi lwazo. Kuyathenjwa ukuba ingcebiso eboniswe apha iya kunceda umsebenzisi wokugqibela akhethe iskimu esifanelekileyo semveliso yeaudio yeprojekthi yakhe. Ex simpleampIzifundo zendlela yokusebenzisa iisistim zeaudio zinikiwe, kodwa umfundi kufuneka ajonge iimanyuwali kunye namaphepha omntu malunga nemiyalelo yeaudio kunye neBluetooth ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

IRaspberry Pi luphawu lwentengiso lweRaspberry Pi Ltd
I-Raspberry Pi Ltd

Amaxwebhu / Izibonelelo

I-Raspberry Pi SBCS yeBhodi enye yeKhompyutha [pdf] Isikhokelo somsebenzisi IKhompyutha yeBhodi enye ye-SBCS, i-SBCS, iKhompyutha yeBhodi enye, iKhompyutha yeBhodi, iKhompyutha

Iimbekiselo

• Incwadi yokusebenzisa