A Whitepaper Fana a
Boemo bo Phahameng ka ho Fetisisaview ea Audio
Likhetho ho Raspberry Pi SBCs
Raspberry Pi Ltd

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© 2022-2025 Raspberry Pi Ltd
Litokomane tsena li ngolisitsoe ka tlas'a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND).
Phetolelo ea 1.0
Letsatsi la kaho: 28/05/2025

Tsebiso ea molao ea boikhutso

DATA YA BOTEKENE LE HO TSHEPAHALA BAKENG SA RASPBERRY PI (HO KENYELETSA LE DATASHEETS) JOALOKAHA E FETOTSWA NAKO LE NAKO (“RESOURCES”) E FUMANA KE RASPBERRY PI LTD (“RPL”) “JOALOKAHA E LE” LE MOKHOA OA MANG KAPA OFE KAPA O FELENG KAPA MOLAO OA MOLAO OA MOLAO OA BONA HO, LITEKISO TSE FUMANENG TSA THEKISO LE HO LOKELANG BAKENG SA LENTSOE LE KHETHANG LI A HLAHISOA. Ho isa bohōleng bo phahameng haholo ka molao o sebetsang ntle le ketsahalo e tla beoa bakeng sa ho beoa ka kotloloho, e kenyeletsang, empa e kenyelletsa le maemo , KAPA PHALETSO; KAPA TŠITISO EA LIKHOEBO) LE HOJA E BAKILE LE HO KA KHOPOLO EFE KA EFE EA MOLAMO, Ebang ke KONterakeng, BOIKARABELO BO TUMELENG, KAPA TLHOKOMELISO (Ho kenyeletsoa ho se tsotelle KAPA HANG-HANG) E TSOANG KA TSELA EFE KAOFELA HO TSOA TŠEBELETSO EA TŠEBELETSO. TSIETSO E TS'ENYE.
RPL e na le tokelo ea ho etsa lintlafatso, lintlafatso, litokiso kapa litokiso tse ling ho RESOURCES kapa lihlahisoa life kapa life tse hlalositsoeng ho tsona ka nako efe kapa efe ntle le tsebiso.
MESEBETSI e reretsoe basebelisi ba nang le litsebo ba nang le maemo a loketseng a tsebo ea moralo. Basebelisi ke bona feela ba ikarabellang bakeng sa khetho ea bona le ts'ebeliso ea MESEBETSI le ts'ebeliso efe kapa efe ea lihlahisoa tse hlalositsoeng ho tsona. Mosebedisi o dumela ho buseletsa le ho tshwara RPL e se kotsi kgahlanong le melato, ditjeho, ditshenyehelo kapa ditahlehelo tse ding tse bakilweng ke tshebediso ya bona ya RESOURCES. RPL e fa basebelisi tumello ea ho sebelisa RESOURCES ka kopanelo le lihlahisoa tsa Raspberry Pi. Tšebeliso eohle e meng ea RESOURCES e thibetsoe. Ha ho laesense e fuoang RPL efe kapa efe kapa tokelo e 'ngoe ea thepa ea bohlale ea motho e mong.
LIEKETSENG TSE PHAHAMENG. Lihlahisoa tsa Raspberry Pi ha lia etsoa, ​​​​ha li entsoe kapa li reretsoe ho sebelisoa libakeng tse kotsi tse hlokang ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng, joalo ka ts'ebetsong ea lisebelisoa tsa nyutlelie, tsamaiso ea sefofane kapa litsamaiso tsa puisano, taolo ea sephethephethe sa sefofane, lisebelisoa tsa libetsa kapa lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa polokeho (ho kenyeletsoa lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa bongaka), moo ho se sebetse ha lihlahisoa ho ka lebisang lefung ka kotloloho, ho tsoa kotsi kapa kotsi e mpe ea 'mele kapa ea tikoloho ("). RPL ha e fane ka tiisetso leha e le efe e hlakileng kapa e boletsoeng ea ho ikoetlisa bakeng sa Mesebetsi ea Kotsi e Phahameng 'me ha e amohele boikarabelo ba ho sebelisoa kapa ho kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa Raspberry Pi mesebetsing ea Kotsi e Phahameng. Lihlahisoa tsa Raspberry Pi li fanoa ho latela RPL's Melao e Tloaelehileng. Tokisetso ea RPL ea RESOURCES ha e atolose kapa hona ho fetola li-RPL Melao e Tloaelehileng ho kenyelletsa empa ho sa felle feela ho boitlamo le litiisetso tse hlahisitsoeng ho tsona.

Nalane ea mofuta oa tokomane

Sebaka sa tokomane
Tokomane ena e sebetsa ho lihlahisoa tse latelang tsa Raspberry Pi:

Selelekela

Ho theosa le lilemo, likhetho tse fumanehang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea molumo ho Raspberry Pi SBCs (likhomphutha tse nang le boto e le 'ngoe) li se li le ngata, mme tsela eo li tsamaisoang ka eona ho tsoa ho software e fetohile.
Tokomane ena e tla feta likhethong tse ngata tse fumanehang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea molumo sesebelisoa sa hau sa Raspberry Pi mme e fane ka litaelo tsa ho sebelisa likhetho tsa audio ho tsoa komporong le mola oa taelo.
Pampiri ena e tšoeu e nka hore sesebelisoa sa Raspberry Pi se ntse se sebetsa Raspberry Pi OS 'me se ntse se le teng ka botlalo ka firmware le kernels tsa morao-rao.

Lisebelisoa tsa audio tsa Raspberry Pi

HDMI
Li-Raspberry Pi SBC tsohle li na le sehokelo sa HDMI se tšehetsang molumo oa HDMI. Ho hokela Raspberry Pi SBC ea hau ho sebali kapa thelevishene e nang le libui ho tla etsa hore molumo oa HDMI o tsoe ka libui tseo. Molumo oa HDMI ke lets'oao la boleng bo holimo la dijithale, kahoo liphetho li ka ba ntle haholo, 'me molumo oa li-multichannel joalo ka DTS oa tšehetsoa.
Haeba u sebelisa video ea HDMI empa u batla hore lets'oao la molumo le arohane - bakeng sa mohlalaample, ho a amplifier e sa tšehetseng tlhahiso ea HDMI - joale o tla hloka ho sebelisa sekhechana se seng sa hardware se bitsoang splitter ho ntša lets'oao la molumo ho tsoa ho lets'oao la HDMI. Sena se ka ba theko e boima, empa ho na le likhetho tse ling, 'me tsena li hlalositsoe ka tlase.
Analogue PCM/3.5 mm jeko
Mefuta ea Raspberry Pi ea B+, 2, 3, le 4 e na le jack ea audio ea 4-pole 3.5 mm e ka tšehetsang matshwao a mamelwang le a metswako ya video. Ena ke sehlahisoa sa boleng bo tlase sa analogue se hlahisoang ke lets'oao la PCM (pulse-code modulation), empa e ntse e loketse li-headphone le libui tsa komporo.
HLOKOMELA
Ha ho na tlhahiso ea molumo oa analog ho Raspberry Pi 5.
Lipontšo tsa jack plug li hlalositsoe tafoleng e latelang, ho qala ho tloha qetellong ea cable ho ea qetellong. Lithapo li teng ka mesebetsi e fapaneng, kahoo etsa bonnete ba hore u na le e nepahetseng.

Liboto tsa adaptara tse thehiloeng ho I2S
Mefuta eohle ea Raspberry Pi SBCs e na le peripheral ea I2S e fumanehang hloohong ea GPIO. I2S ke tekanyetso ea serial bus interface e sebelisoang ho hokahanya lisebelisoa tsa audio tsa dijithale le ho buisana ka data ea audio ea PCM lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Raspberry Pi Ltd e etsa mefuta e mengata ea liboto tsa molumo tse hokahantsoeng le hlooho ea GPIO mme e sebelisa sebopeho sa I2S ho fetisetsa data ea audio ho tsoa ho SoC (system on chip) ho ea botong ea tlatsetso.
Hlokomela: Li-add-on boards tse hokahanyang ka hlooho ea GPIO le ho khomarela lintlha tse nepahetseng li tsejoa e le HATs (Hardware Attached on Top). Litlhaloso tsa bona li ka fumanoa mona: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/
Mefuta e felletseng ea li-HAT tsa audio e ka bonoa ho Raspberry Pi Ltd websebaka: https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/
Ho boetse ho na le palo e kholo ea li-HAT tsa mokha oa boraro tse fumanehang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea molumo, bakeng sa example ho tloha Pimoroni, HiFiBerry, Adafruit, joalo-joalo, 'me tsena li fana ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng.
USB audio
Haeba ho ke ke ha khoneha ho kenya HAT, kapa u batla tsela e potlakileng le e bonolo ea ho hokela plug ea jack bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-headphone kapa ho kenya microphone, joale adapter ea audio ea USB ke khetho e ntle. Tsena ke lisebelisoa tse bonolo, tse theko e tlaase tse hokelang ho e 'ngoe ea likou tsa USB-A ho Raspberry Pi SBC.
Raspberry Pi OS e kenyelletsa bakhanni ba audio ea USB ka boiketsetso; hang ha sesebelisoa se hokeloa, se lokela ho hlaha ho menu ea sesebelisoa se hlahang ha lets'oao la sebui se letlapeng la mosebetsi le tobetse ka ho le letona.
Sistimi e tla iponela ka bo eona hore na sesebelisoa sa USB se hokelletsoeng se na le kenyeletso ea maekrofono ebe se thusa tšehetso e nepahetseng.
bluetooth
Molumo oa Bluetooth o bolela phetiso ea data ea molumo ka waelese ka theknoloji ea Bluetooth, e sebelisoang haholo. E nolofalletsa Raspberry Pi SBC ho bua le libui tsa Bluetooth le li-headphones / li-earbud, kapa sesebelisoa leha e le sefe sa molumo se nang le tšehetso ea Bluetooth. Mefuta e fapaneng e khuts'oane haholo - hoo e ka bang 10 m boholo.
Lisebelisoa tsa Bluetooth li hloka ho 'mahanngoa' le Raspberry Pi SBC 'me li tla hlaha litlhophisong tsa molumo komporong ea komporo hang ha sena se phethiloe. Bluetooth e kentsoe ka ho sa feleng ho Raspberry Pi OS, 'me lets'oao la Bluetooth le hlaha ka har'a komporo ea mesebetsi ea komporo ho lisebelisoa life kapa life tse kentsoeng lisebelisoa tsa Bluetooth (ebang li hahiloe ka hare kapa ka Bluetooth USB dongle). Ha Bluetooth e nolofalitsoe, letšoao le tla ba le putsoa; ha e koaletsoe, letšoao le tla ba bohlooho.

Tšehetso ea software

Software e ka tlase ea tšehetso ea molumo e fetohile haholo setšoantšong se felletseng sa Raspberry Pi OS, 'me, bakeng sa mosebelisi oa ho qetela, liphetoho tsena hangata li hlakile. Sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa molumo se sebelisitsoeng e ne e le ALSA. Pulse Audio e atlehile ALSA, pele e nkeloa sebaka ke sistimi ea hajoale, e bitsoang Pipe Wire. Sistimi ena e na le ts'ebetso e ts'oanang le Pulse Audio, le API e lumellanang, empa e boetse e na le likeketso tsa ho sebetsana le video le likarolo tse ling, ho etsa hore ho kopanya video le molumo ho be bonolo haholo. Hobane Pipe Wire e sebelisa API e tšoanang le Pulse Audio, lisebelisoa tsa Pulse Audio li sebetsa hantle tsamaisong ea Pipe Wire.
Lisebelisoa tsena li sebelisoa maemong a holimoampka tlase.
Ho boloka boholo ba setšoantšo bo le tlase, Raspberry Pi OS Lite e ntse e sebelisa ALSA ho fana ka tšehetso ea molumo mme ha e kenyelle Pipe Wire, Pulse Audio, kapa lilaebrari tsa audio tsa Bluetooth. Leha ho le joalo, hoa khoneha ho kenya lilaebrari tse nepahetseng ho eketsa likarolo tseo kamoo ho hlokahalang, 'me ts'ebetso ena e boetse e hlalosoa ka tlase.
Desktop
Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, ts'ebetso ea molumo e sebetsoa ka lets'oao la sebui ho baraka ea mesebetsi ea desktop. Ho tobetsa aekhoneng ka ho le letšehali ho hlahisa selaete sa molumo le konopo ea semumu, ha ho tobetsa ka ho le letona ho hlahisa lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa molumo tse fumanehang. Tobetsa feela sesebelisoa sa molumo seo u batlang ho se sebelisa. Hape ho na le khetho, ka ho tobetsa ka ho le letona, ho fetola profiles sebelisoa ke sesebelisoa ka seng. Li-profiles hangata e fana ka maemo a fapaneng a boleng.
Haeba tšehetso ea maekerofounu e nolofalitsoe, letšoao la microphone le tla hlaha ho menu; ho tobetsa ka ho le letona ho sena ho tla hlahisa likhetho tse ikhethileng tsa maekrofono, joalo ka khetho ea sesebelisoa sa ho kenya, ha ho tobetsa ka ho le letšehali ho hlahisa litlhophiso tsa boemo ba ho kenya.
bluetooth
Ho para sesebelisoa sa Bluetooth, tobetsa ka ho le letšehali ho letšoao la Bluetooth bareng ea mosebetsi, ebe u khetha 'Eketsa Sesebelisoa'. Sistimi e tla qala ho batla lisebelisoa tse fumanehang, tse tla hloka ho kenngoa ka har'a "Discover" mode hore e bonoe. Tobetsa sesebelisoa ha se hlaha lethathamong mme lisebelisoa li lokela ho kopana. Hang ha e pentiloe, sesebelisoa sa molumo se tla hlaha ho menu, e khethiloeng ka ho tobetsa letšoao la sebui holim'a lebokose la mosebetsi.
Mola oa taelo
Hobane Pipe Wire e sebelisa API e tšoanang le Pulse Audio, boholo ba litaelo tsa Pulse Audio tse sebelisoang ho laola mosebetsi oa molumo ho Pipe Wire. pacts ke mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho laola Pulse Audio: thaepa man pactl moleng oa taelo bakeng sa lintlha tse ling.
Lintho tse hlokahalang bakeng sa Raspberry Pi OS Lite
Ha ho kentsoe Raspberry Pi OS ka botlalo, lits'ebetso tsohle tse hlokahalang tsa line ea litaelo le lilaebrari li se li kentsoe. Leha ho le joalo, mofuta oa Lite, Pipe Wire ha e ea kengoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng 'me e tlameha ho kenngoa ka letsoho hore e khone ho bapala molumo.
Ho kenya lilaebrari tse hlokahalang bakeng sa Pipe Wire ho Raspberry Pi OS Lite, ka kopo kenya tse latelang: sudo apt install pipewire pipewire-pulse pipewire-audio pulseaudio-utils Haeba u ikemiselitse ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse sebelisang ALSA, u tla hloka hape ho kenya tse latelang: sudo apt install pipewire-alsa
Ho qala bocha ka mor'a ho kenya ke tsela e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ea ho etsa hore tsohle li tsamaee.
Papali ea molumo examples
Hlahisa lenane la li-module tsa Pulse audio tse kentsoeng ka mokhoa o mokhuts'oane (sebopeho se selelele se na le tlhaiso-leseling e ngata mme ho thata ho e bala): $ pactl list modules short Bontša lenane la lisinki tsa Pulse Audio ka mokhoa o mokhuts'oane:
$ pactl lenane le teba
Ho Raspberry Pi 5 e hokahaneng le sebali sa HDMI se nang le molumo o hahelletsoeng kahare le karete ea molumo e eketsehileng ea USB, taelo ena e fana ka tlhahiso e latelang: Lenane la $ pactl le teba hanyane.
179 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz E SEKETSOE 265 alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_Sound-Sound_00pulog-Sound-anapulog-Depulog- s16le 2ch 48000Hz E Emisitsoe
HLOKOMELA
Raspberry Pi 5 ha e na analogue kantle.
Bakeng sa ho kenya Raspberry Pi OS Lite ho Raspberry Pi 4 - e nang le HDMI le analogue out - tse latelang li khutlisetsoa: $ pactl list e teba hanyane.
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz E Emisitsoe
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz E Emisitsoe
Ho bonts'a le ho fetola sinki ea kamehla ho audio ea HDMI (ho hlokomela hore e kanna ea ba ea kamehla) ts'ebetsong ena ea Raspberry Pi OS Lite, thaepa ho:
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback
$ pactl set-default-sink 70
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo
Ho bapala hape joalo kaampLeha ho le joalo, e lokela ho qala ka ho kenngoa ho sample cache, tabeng ena ka sinki ea kamehla. U ka fetola sink ka ho eketsa lebitso la eona qetellong ea pactl play-sample command:
$ pactl upload-sampkea tsebaample.mp3 samplename
$ pactl play-sampkea tsebaamplename
Ho na le taelo ea Pulse Audio eo ho leng bonolo le ho feta ho e sebelisa ho bapala molumo oa morao:
$ papala sample.mp3
pactl e na le khetho ea ho seta molumo oa ho bapala hape. Hobane komporo e sebelisa lits'ebeletso tsa Pulse Audio ho fumana le ho beha tlhahisoleseling ea molumo, ts'ebetso ea liphetoho tsena tsa mola oa taelo e tla bonts'oa ho slide ea molumo ho komporong.
Exampe fokotsa molumo ka 10%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10%
Exampre beha molumo ho 50%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 50%
Ho na le litaelo tse ngata tsa Pulse Audio tse sa boleloang mona. The Pulse Audio websaete (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/) le maqephe a monna bakeng sa taelo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fana ka tlhahisoleseling e batsi mabapi le sistimi.
bluetooth
Ho laola Bluetooth ho tloha molaong oa taelo e ka ba mokhoa o rarahaneng. Ha u sebelisa Raspberry Pi OS Lite, litaelo tse nepahetseng li se li kentsoe. Taelo e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ke bluetoothctl, 'me ba bang ba examptse ling tsa eona tse sebelisoang li fanoe ka tlase.
Etsa hore sesebelisoa se bonahale ho lisebelisoa tse ling:
$ bluetoothctl e fumaneha ho
Etsa hore sesebelisoa se tsamaisane le lisebelisoa tse ling:
$ bluetoothctl e ka bapisoang le
Skena lisebelisoa tsa Bluetooth maemong a fapaneng:
$ bluetoothctl scan
Koala scanning:
$ bluetoothctl scan off bluetoothctl e boetse e na le mokhoa oa ho sebelisana, o khothalletsoang ka ho sebelisa taelo e se nang li-parameter. E latelang exampe tsamaisa mokhoa oa ho sebelisana, moo taelo ea lenane e kentsoeng le liphetho tse bontšitsoeng, ho Raspberry Pi 4 e tsamaisang Raspberry Pi OS Lite Bookworm: $ bluetoothctl
Moemeli ea ngolisitsoeng
[bluetooth]# lenane
Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Pi4Lite [default] [bluetooth]#
Joale u ka thaepa litaelo ho mofetoleli 'me li tla etsoa. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho kopanya le, ebe o hokela ho, sesebelisoa se ka baleha tjena: $ bluetoothctl
Moemeli ea ngolisitsoeng [bluetooth]# e fumaneha ka
Phetoho e ka bonoang e atlehile
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 E fumaneha ho [bluetooth]# e ka bapisoang le
Ho fetola papiso ho atlehile
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 E ka tshwannwa ho [bluetooth]# scan
< e ka ba lethathamo le lelelele la lisebelisoa tse haufi le moo >
[bluetooth]# para [aterese ea mac ea sesebelisoa, ho tsoa taelong ea ho skena kapa sesebelisoa ka bosona, ka sebopeho xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] [bluetooth]# scan
[bluetooth]# hokela [aterese e tšoanang ea mac] Hona joale sesebelisoa sa Bluetooth se lokela ho hlaha lenaneng la lisinki, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho ex.ample ho tsoa ho kopo ea Raspberry Pi OS Lite:
$ pactl lenane le teba
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz E Emisitsoe
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz E Emisitsoe
71 bluez_output.CA_3A_B2_CA_7C_55.1 Pipe Wire s32le 2ch 48000Hz E EMISITSOE
$ pactl set-default-sink 71
$ papaliample_molumo_file>
Hona joale o ka etsa hore sena e be sa kamehla 'me u bapale molumo ho eona.
Liqeto
Ho na le mekhoa e mengata e fapaneng ea ho hlahisa molumo ho tsoa ho lisebelisoa tsa Raspberry Pi Ltd, tse sebetsanang le litlhoko tse ngata tsa basebelisi. Whitepaper ena e hlalositse mekhoa eo mme e fane ka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le tse ngata tsa tsona. Ho na le tšepo ea hore keletso e fanoeng mona e tla thusa mosebedisi ho khetha mokhoa o nepahetseng oa tlhahiso ea molumo bakeng sa morero oa bona. ExampLintlha tsa mokhoa oa ho sebelisa litsamaiso tsa molumo li fanoe, empa 'mali o lokela ho sheba libuka le maqephe a batho bakeng sa litaelo tsa molumo le Bluetooth bakeng sa lintlha tse ling.

Raspberry Pi ke lets'oao la khoebo la Raspberry Pi Ltd
Raspberry Pi Ltd

Litokomane / Lisebelisoa

Raspberry Pi SBCS Single Board Computer [pdf] Bukana ea Mosebelisi SBCS Single Board Computer, SBCS, Single Board Computer, Board Computer, Computer

Litšupiso

• Bukana ea Mosebelisi