di ACM METER · Citato da 15 — INSTRUCTION MANUAL. AC MILLIVOLT METER ... This manual was prepared in common to four versions, major differences of which are as follows,.
115V,230V AC -10%, 50/60Hz. Approx. 1 OW. TMV-360 ACS-001x1, TMV-380 ACS-001x2, JMV-381 ACS-003x2. - 5 -. Page 9. Dlimensions~.
INSTRUCTION MANUAL AC MILLIVOLT METER MODEL:TMV-360/380/381 /381 R TABLE of CONTENTS General ··· . · .. Features ·· Specifications. Circuit Description ··· Block Diagram ····· · ··· Functional Controls. Operation ···· Applications. Maintenance ·· Alignment.... · ····· Cautions For Use ·· Component Layout · · Circuit Diagram ··· 2 4 7 · 11 .1 2 ····· 1 5 · ·····. 1 9 ·2 4 · 2 5 · ·· 2 8 · ··· · · · · 2 9 · 3 0 TIYIV-360 TMV-380 TMV-381 GENERAT TOPWARD'S Model TMV-380, TMV-381 and TMV-381R are dual-channel electronic voltmeter sets having two independent AC voltmeters in a single cabinet. Two- pointer meter allows easy dual measurements and inter-channel comparisons. They also are wideband, super high sensiti ve voltmete r for use anywhere voltage measurements are made. The easy-to- use vo lt me t er provides frequency response as wide as 5Hz to 1 MHz, measura ble ra ng e from 0 .3m V to 100V, (1 mV to 300V for TMV-380) and input impedance of 10 M The optional remote control feature is convenient for measurement in p r oducti on lin es. The Model TMV-381R range indicator lamp is prepared on t he top side of dual pointer meter and remote control of range s witc hing is ava ila b e to check the input range. TMV-381R is attached line decorder and the meas u ri ng range can be remotely controlled by ACS-017. This manual was prepared in common to fo ur v ersions, major differences of which are as follows, TMV-381, TMV-381R 300uV maximum sensitivity. TMV-380, TMV-360 1mV maximum sensitivity. ( TMV -360 single channel only) - 1- FEATURES A. All solid state circuitries provide high stability, rather short warm-up time, and low power consumption. B. Two power source circuits, positive and negative, are provided for very stable DC bias and recover from any overload in a very short time. C. Small-sized compact construction is easy to carry and large-sized twopointer meter is easy to read . 0. Two-color, four-scale dial plate and red and black pointers allow quick, and accurate voltage reading. E. Number of adjusting trimmers are minimized with amplifiers that are precisely calculated in open loop gains and are negative feedbacked th rough metalfilm resistors as accurate as 1% Amplifier characteristics therefore are free from secu lar cha nge. F. Input impedance is as high as 10 MD on all ranges and it s parallel capacitance less than 45 pF. G. Indirect attenuator switching by relay and FET ( field-ef fect transistor ) sw itch provides higher reliability,signal-to-noise ratio, and inter-channel - 2- crosstalk than most previous direct method of rotary switch. H. Remote range selection is possible in a simple way that optional remote control unit "ACS-017" can be connected to TMV-381R, since is attached remote function. I. Two channel ranga setting can be made either individually or together (in interlocked manner). J. A ground mode selector may float measuring circuit above ground. - 3- SPECIFICATIONS Values brackets ( are for the TMV-380, TMV-360 version l'letar Section Measurable voltages: 0.3mV-100V in 12 ranges: 0.3mV, 1mV, 3mV, 10mV, 30mV, 100mV, 0.3V, 1V, 3V, 10V, 30V and 100V full scales. (1mV-300V in 12 ranges: 1mV, 3mV, 10mV, 30mV, 100mV, 300mV, 1 V, 3V, 1 OV, 30V, 1OOV and 300V full scales.) dB: -90- +40dB ( DdB= 1V). dBm: -90 ,._ +42dBm ( -90 - +46dBm) ( Od8m=1 mW, 600.0.). Error: Within+- 3% of full scale at 1kHz. Frequency response: +- 10% at 5Hz- 1MHz, +- 5% at 1 DHz- 500kHz and +- 3% at 20Hz- 200kHz as +- 2% at 30Hz--... 1OOkHz referenceed to 1kHz response. Input impedance: 10Mn +-5%, with less than 45pF parallel capacitance. Durable input voltage : 500V (DC + AC peak ) 100V peak (DC+AC peak) up to -1DdB. · Stability: Within +-0.5% of full scale for +-10% line voltage fluctuation. - 4- Temperature coefficient: +-0.08~/°C. Residual voltage less than 30uV at shorted inputon TMV-381, 100uV on TMV-360 and 380. Operating temperature: o ~50°C'. Relative humidity: 80~. Crosstalk, Individual: Less than -BOdS with other input terminated with 600D. Interlock: Less than -SOdB with other input terminated with 600.0. Residual noise: Less than 30uV with input shorted on 0.3mV range. Amplifier Section Gain: Approx. ?OdB. Output voltage: 1Vrms +-10~. Output impedance: soon +-1 o~ . Distortion: Less than 1% at full scale. (Rated by signal-to-noise ratio in 0.3mV. 1mV and 1V ( 1mV 3mV and 3 V ) ranges.) Signal-to-noise ratio: Over 40dB at full scale. (Over 30dB at 0.3mV ( 1mV ) range) Frequency response: Wethin +-3d8 at 5Hz- 500kHz. Power Supply Section Line voltage: Power consumption: Accessory 115V,230V AC +-10%, 50/60Hz . Approx. 1OW TMV-360 ACS-001x1, TMV-380 ACS-001x2, JMV-381 ACS-003x2. - 5- Dlimensions~ Net weight: Accessories Power cable: Input cable: Instruction manual: 12S(138)W X 190{21~)H X 238(268)Dmm. Values in ( ) include protrusions. Jkg. 1 pc. BNC cord, 2 pes. 1 copy. - 6- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION In studying the operation of each circuit in voltmeter please refer to Figure 1. the "Block Diagram "· and the Schematic Diagram on the back. Outline of Operation A signal voltage to be measured. which is input from the INPUT connector. is passed through the First Attenuator and is converted to a low impedance by the lmpedance Converter. The impedance-conv~rted signal is normalized. or further attenuated in proportion to 1 Vrms fullscale value through the Second and Third Attenuator. The normalized signal is magnified 20-fold by the Main Amplifier and is fed to the Output Amplifier and the Absolute-Mean Value Detctor. The Output Amplifier magnifies the signal 50-fold and feeds to the OUTPUT connector. The Absolute-Mean Value Detector converts the signal from the Main Amplifier to DC current in proportion to the absolutemean value. The converted signal activates the Meter. The Attenuator Control encodes the signal led fro m the RANGE selector to generate an Attenuator Control s ignal. This signal controls the First. Second. and Third Attenuators to set the sensitivity corresponding to each range. The Power Supply feeds to the functional circuits +-5 V DC voltages stabilized by its IC regulator. - 7- ascription of Functional Circuits 1. First Attenuator A resistance divider attenuator. The amount of attenuation is switched in two s teps by relay contacts: OdB a nd -60dB. 2. Impedance Converter A three-fold no-phase-inverison amplifier having a FET differential input. This converts the First Attenuator output signal to a suffic iently low impe dance and feeds to the Second Attenuator. 3. Second Attenuator A resistance divider attenuator. The amoun t of attenuation is switched in two steps by rela y contacts : O dB and -30 dB . 4. Third Attenuator A resistance divider attenuator. The amount of attenuation is s witched in four steps by a FET switch: 0 dB, -10 dB, -20 dB, and -30 dB. 5. ~aln Amplifier A wideband, non-phase-inversion amplifier hav i ng a This has high input impedance, low output impedance, and output signal level is 20 mVrm s for the fullscale read on differential 20-fold gain. the Meter. input. This - 8- 6. Output Amplifier A wi deband, non-phase-inversion amplifier with a diff erential input . Thi s wo r ks stabl y even for capac itive loads. The gain i s 50 - fold and the out put imp e dance 600D The output signal level is 1 Vrms for the fullscale read ·on the Meter. 7. Absolute-~ean Value Detector An absolute-mean value detector comprised of a high t h rough-rate, high gain amplifier with a differential input. This has a ~ er y good l i nearity as negative feed back by the voltage detected from the current flow in g through the Mete r load. In switching, thi s provides a sufficiently wi de freq uency band so that the high frequenc y pa hse compensatio n circuit is reset. B. Attenuator Control A logic control circuit comprised of a diode matri x and outpu t buffer transistors. This encode s a 12-bit sign al from the RAN GE selector switc h to 6 bit signals, which c ontrol the Fi r s t, Second, a nd Third Attenuat ors. The remote control c a nnector is connected to th i s circuit . 9. Power Supply A power source of converting the AC input to +-SV DC outp u ts to suppl y. Thi s has a s ilicon diode bridge for full-wave r ectification, high - c apacitance electrolytic capacitors for smoothing, and an I C re gulator stab ilization . - 9- 10. RANGE-CH1 & 2 Selector A 12-contact rotary switch f or setting a desired channel 1 and 2 measurable voltage range. This fee ds a signal corre s ponding to the range into the Attenuato r Control . 11. RANGE-CH 2 Selector (Below descri ption are in TMV -380, TMV-381 only) A 12-contact rotary s witch for sett ing a desired channel 2 measurable voltage range. Thi s feeds a sig nal c orre sponding to th e rangQ into the Attenuator Control. 12. CH2 SELECTOR Switch A selector which is used to select either individual or interlocked range setting of channels 1 and 2. This selector, when set on the individual side (right position), allow s the RANGE-CH2 selector 11 to set a channel 2 range independently. At the left positio n (interlock s ide) , the RANGE-CH1 & 2 selector 10 ca~ set both channel 1 and 2 ranges at a time. 13. GNO ~ODE Switch A switch which is used to disconnect the input negative circuits from the casing ground. The switch, whe n in the GND position, connects both channel 1 and 2 negative leads to the grounding pas~ (casing). At the OPEN position, the input negative connectors are floated off ground. This allows grounding on the signal source side. - 10 - BLOCK DIAGRAM O~EN HCNI" +(.1 ~----- ._____._-r---+, = G"''O Figure 1 Block Diagram 11 FUNCTIONAL CONTROLS 0 0 ........-, TOPWARO ELECTRIC INSTIWMlfrlTS CO. LTO. . ... 2 CH AN NEL AC VOLT M ETER MOOE'-'TM V· 311 0 0 ...·. .. l:.- 0~ .1 ~ ..i.· ·!: "!: .:. . .. \ - 1 ' - -- ../ ·.J '!' ·v· cno· "~ t ··c :; c:: =~.~:; -=.'.' -::-.· L-----------i===========~~ Figure 2 - Front Panel View Figure J - Rear Panel View - 12 - Front panel (see Figure 2) 1. Power on indicator (LED). 2. POWER - Power on-off switch. 3. RANGE-CH1 & 2 - Channel 1 and 2 attenuator selector. 4. INPUT 1 - Channel 1 input connector. 5. CH2 SELECTOR - Individual-interlock range setting selector. 6. INPUT 2 - Channel 2 input connector. 7. RANGE-CH2 - Channel 2 attenuator selector. 8. GND ~ODE - Negative input f~oating switch. 9. Dual-pointer meter. Rear panel (see Figure 3) 10. GND - Casing grounding po s t. 11. OUTPUT-2- Channel 2 monitor output connector . - 13 - 12. Line voltage selector. 13. Power cable connector. 14. Fuse holder. 15. OUTPUT-1 - Channel 1 monitor output connector. 16. CONT-INPUT - TMV-380, TMV-381 types Remote control mouriting hole. TMV-380R types connector for Remote control. 23. Range indicator lamp (TMV-381R only). - 14 - OPERATION Set-up Values in brackets ( j are for the TMV-380, TMV-360 version . 1. Press the POWER pushswitch 2 in. The Power-on indicator 1, a lightemitting diode, will light, indicating that power has been applied. 2. Plug the signal calbes into the INPUT 1 and 2 connectors 4 and 6. 3. Set the CH2 SELECTOR switch 5 to the i ndi vidual side (right position). 4. Set the RANGE-CH 1 & 2 selector 3 and the RANGE-CH2 selector 7 to "100V [300V]". To measure an AC voltage superimposed on a DC voltage, be sure to set the selectors to the positions before connecting the cables to points to be measured. Otherwise, the DC voltage causes a high surge, which could burn voltmeter. 5. Set the GNO ~ODE selector 8 to "GND" (right position). 6. Connect the cables to points to be measure. 7. Turn the selectors 3 and 7 for proper ranges until each Meter pointer switngs over one third of the fullscale. B. Read the Meter. - 15 - (1). Voltage Scales There are two black voltage scales: a scale A graduated 0 to 10 and a scale B 0 to 3. When the RANGE se l ector 3 is at "1 V", for e xample , the division 10 on the scale A indicates 1 V. At the "300mV" posi ti on, the division 3 on the scale B indicates 300mV. Si milarly, the other RANGE selecto r positions show their full scale values. (2) . dB Scale In general, the dB values are e x pressed in dB V wh ich is a unit referenced by 0 dB equal to 1 V. (Note that the TMV-380, TMV-360 version has no dB scale. ) The division 10 at the scale A corre s po nd s t o 0 dB on the red dB scale, whi c h is a voltage ratio s c ale. Sinc e the RANGE s e lector has 12 range positions in steps of 10 dB, the voltage ratio o f 0.3mV to 100 V is 110 dB attenuation. Assume a reference voltage level on th e scale A be 1 V with the RANGE selector at "1 V", a given voltage c an be rea d as low as -70 dB (0.3mV) by t urning the selector downward. Further, as t he sc ale A allows reading to 20 dB ( 0.03mV ) , you can conti nuously measure the voltage ratio as high as -90 d B (0.03m V to 1 V) . The read of -90 dB mean s a si g na l-to-nois e ratio of around 10 dB. Al so , the dB s cale allows continuou s mea su ri ng up to +40 d B (1 to 100 V) by turing the selector upward. (3). dBm Scale In general, voltmeters have a re f eren c e le vel division of 0 dBm equal to - 16 - 0.775 V (1mW power) induced across a 600n resistance load , Therefore, the red dBm scale is available to measure a power level referenced to 0 dBm, with the impedance of the g1ven power circuit being 600fi pure resistance. Where measured across specific resistance loads, for example, 10kil other than the 600fi load, the levels are sometimes expressed in dBs. How to Use Remote Control Availability of the optional Remote Control is one of outstanding features of Voltmeters. T~V-3B1R : To attach the Remot~ Control, remove the blind plate at the rear of voltmeter. Install and plug the optional conn ec t or into the 16- pin connector on the PC board. Wire it to the multi - pin connector (plug) supplied with the option. Also, wire its pins to a RANGE pushs witch or rotary switch and to a PANEL-REMOTE switch and individual-i nt er lock s witch (toggle switch, pushswitch or slide switch). These switches allows you to change the measuring voltage range on your voltmeter from a distance place. T~V-3B1R type: The measuring range of TMV-381R can be remetely coutrolled by ACS-017(option ) . The outputs of remote cantrall c onn ector 16 are as table 1 and the input and output or each range are as tabel 2. - 17 - Co,;-nectorl P16 1 lA 2 Is 3 lc 4 lo 5 I G, j((!One":101 l P16 I i 6 I 10 -' 1 1 ' i 12 jG I REMOTE-PANEL i change over I GROUN D I - 5V I I I I ' I I C onnector( 161 ' 11 12 ' 3 14 15 16 I A I B 1C JD IG IG L I H I H t H 1L IL L tl h i HI L I L · HI H ' L I HI L I L I lmV LI H I L I H I L iL 3mV I H l I L I H I L I L IOmV L ~ L I H I L I L I 330mV I f' H H , L j l J L I I OOmV I l I H I H I L I L j L ' 300mV I H L I H I LI L I L Table Table 2 REMOTE : L PANEL : H The "H" indi c a t es th e open co lle ctor of more than SV. 1 2 3 14 5 6 A B C ID G G I V L L HI L l l 3 V IH H LI L L L 10 v L H L I L l L 30 V H L L I L L L IOOV L L LI L L L 300 v H H HjH L L , " '' ' I ' H L · ! ... .... > L H ' · I ·· H H (TIL Level) - 18 - APPLICATIONS The basic use of your voltmeter is to measure sinusoidal wave voltages as an AC voltmeter. In addition , it provides a wide variety of applications as described below. Amplifier Gain ~easurement Voltmeter is capable of measuring an ampl ifier gain , which is a signal magnification from point A to B in Figure 6 with a signal generator connected to the amplifier input. If the measured signal levels at poi nts A and B are a and b dB, respectively, then the gain is (b - a) dB . SIGNAL GENERATOR Figure 6 - Amplifier Gain ~easurement Also the method is applicable for measuring an open loop gain of each amplifier circuit with the negative-feedback signal leaves applied . Further, the method can be used for measuring the freq uency responses of given cixcuits by changing the signal generator frequenc y. Voltmeter is capable of directly reading a gain between two points as having two indspendent voltmeters . As an - 19 - example, let us calculate the open loop gain {from point A to B) of the negative-feedback amplifier shown in Figure B. Assume that the measured level at point A be +1.5 dB on the -60 dB range of the channel 1 and that of point B -4 dB on the +10 dB range of the channel 2. The gain from point A to B is then (+10 dB -4 dB) - {-60 dB+ 1.5 dB) = 64.5 dB. SIGNAL GENERATOR Figure 7 - Negative Feedback Amplifier Gain ~easurement Voltage Calculations of Some Special Waveforms An voltmeter of absolute-mean value indication type, reads root-mean-square values of sinusoidal wave inputs. Also it deflects the pointers in proportion to the abs olutemean value of a given input wave. If the form factor (=root-mean-square value/absolutemean value} of the input. wave and the crest factor (=peak value/root-mean-square value) are known; then the root-mean-square value and peak value can be calculated as follows. - 20 - Assume the Meter read V. Absolute-mean value v ~ 0.9 v. Root-mean-square value =(Absolute-mean val ue ) x (F orm f a c t or ). Peak value= (Root-mean-square value ) x (C r e s t f ac t or) . For rectangular wanes, their form factor and c res t f ac t or a r e un i t y (1 ). Absolute-mean value = v ,; o. s v. Root-mean-square value = 0.9 V. Peak value = 0.9 V. J3. For s awtooth waves, their form factor is 2/ [3 a nd the crest fact or Absolute- mean value = cff v 1C. Root-mean-square value= 2 ~ x Jt Peak value = f3 X V = 0. 9 v. 2 v 4~ J( _f3 = 1 · 8 v. v = 1 · 04 v. Wa ye To Better Dual-Channel Voltmeter Operation The two input channels and two meter poin t er s arranged specif i cally in Voltmeter are most useful for measuring an elec t ron i c equipment having two signal sources. For example, Voltmeter is far more convenient for measuring stereo left and - 21 right channel characteristics than using two units of usual single-channel voltmeter. (1)Frequency response STEREO AMP Ach CH 1 Lch CH 2 CHl & CH2 0 Figure 8 - Stereo Amplifier Frequency Response ~easurement Set the CH2 SELECTOR swi tch to the lift side ( in t erlock position) as most stereo amplifiers are not deviated vertually in th e left and rig ht channel levels. Set the GND ~ODE switch to " GND". If the given stereo amplifier output has no connector common to the left and right channels, then turnt he switch to "OPEN" and connect the GNO post on the rea r panel of voltmeter to that of the stereo amplifier. 22 {2)Crosstalk characteristic STEREO AMP [ I ] Rch CH1 Lch CH2 CH1 8,- CH2 0 - - Figure 9 - Stereo Amplifier Crosstalk ~easurement Crosstalk measurement is needed if there is a large difference between the left and right channel output levels. Slide the CH2 SELECTOR switch to right side (individual position). Set the RANGE-CH1 & 2 selector and RANGE-CH2 selector to proper positions for ease of read. Set the GND ~DOE switch for no adverse effect by hum as explained in above Example ( 1), the "Frequency response". - 23 - MAINTENANCE Removing the cesing 1. Remove the six screws holding the casing on the both sides and top using a Phillips screw driver. 2. Widen the bottom of the ?-shaped casing a little and pull it up for removal. Mounting the casin~ 1.Widen the bottom of the casing a little when c overin g it over the main body. 2. Fit the casing PC board retianer to the PC board. 3. Alternately tighten the six screws for uniform t orque. CAUTION: Exces siv e tightening could ca u se damaging the screw or breaking the vinyl leather. Be careful. Replacing the fuse 1 · Open the fuse holder using a Phi llip s s crew dri ver. 2. Replace the fuse. CAUTION: Be sure to select the f us e of rate d capacity . For a 100 to 120 V AC line s, use a 0.5 A fuse; for a 20 0 to 240 V AC lines, a 0 . 3 A fu s e. 24 ALIGNI'IENT Voltmeter was presicely aligned at the factory. However it can be aligned through the adjust holes located on the side with leaving is housed in the casing, if required. In realignment, first ad just the line to the rated voltage, use a precisely calibrated measuring instruments, and proceed as follows. Values in brackets ( J are in the TJYIV-380, TMV-360 version. Presert Controls on Side Panel (see Figure 4) The foolowing controls, placed on the Main PC boad ( 600041001 ), preset on the right-hand side panel. are to be IDENTIFICATION TC1 01 VR1 01 VR102 DESCRIPTION First Attenuator preset trimmer capacito r First Attenuator preset variable resisto r Meter Amplifier gain preset variable res istor 1. Before turning the POWER switch "ON", adjust the Meter zero-adjust screws (right for channel 1 and left for channel 2 ) on the front panel until the pointers correctly indicate "0". - 25 - 2. Set the CH2 SELECTOR switch to the right side ( individual position). 3. Connect a voltmeter calibrator 1 KHz (or 400 Hz) output to the INPUT conn ectbr 4. 4. Set the RANGE-CH1 & 2 selector 3 on your TMV-380 to the 30mV 100mV range and set the voltmeter calibrator output voltage to 30 mV ( 100m~. 5. Adjust VR102 until the pointer swings to the fullscale. 6. In turn, set the RANGE-CH1 & 2 selector 3 to the 10V (3DV) range and set the voltmeter ca librator output voltage to 10V ~0~ . 7. Adjust VR)01 until the pointer sw ings to the fullsca le. B. Disconnect the vo lt meter calibrator and connect a wideb and signal generator to ~ he INPUT 1 connector 4. 9. Set the sig nal generator frequency to 1 KHz and set the RANGE -CH1 & 2 selector 3 on voltmeter to the "1 V" range . 10. Adjust the signal ge nerator output level until the pointer swings to the full scale. - 26 - 11. Change the signal generator frequency fro m 1 k Hz to 50 kHz . 12. Adjust TC101 until the pointer swings t o the f ull s cale. 13. Repeat Steps 3 through 10. 14. For channel 2 alignment, similarly proce ed wit h Steps 3 through 13. VR102 VR1 01 T C101 LEFT RIGHT Figure 4 - Preset Controls on Side Panel - 27 - V R102 CAUTIONS FOR USE 1. Your voltmeter will work just when the POWER switch is pressed in. For accurate measurements, wait around five minutes for warm-up. 2. Avoid placing your voltmeter where magnetic field and electric field are to o strong. 3. The input signal cable other than supplied should be low-capacitance shielded cable, or coaxial cable. For measurements at higher than audio frequencies, terminate the input connetors with 50n or BOOn, resistor. 4. The continuous ma ximum input voltage allowable for your voltmeter is 80 Vrms with the RANGE selector at "-70d8" to "-10dB". Full care should be observed in measuring high voltages. 5. Be careful of a line noise and similar small noises as your voltmeter is a highly sensitive voltmeter ·. 6. 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