User Manual for RAK models including: v01 Indoor Air Quality Detector, v01, Indoor Air Quality Detector, Air Quality Detector, Quality Detector, Detector
IAQ Monitor with Multi-Sensors: Advanced Indoor Air Quality Management for Smart Buildings
Sep 18, 2024 — Features. ○ 24 Hour Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring: Provides real-time monitoring of PM2.5, PM10, CO2, TVOC, temperature, humidity.
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Indoor Air Quality Detector
USER MANUAL
Name Classification
v01
Document Information Indoor Air Quality Detector User Manual Technical Documentation
Revision Information 09/18/2024
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Table of Contents
1. Overview ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Description............................................................................................................ 4 1.2. Features ................................................................................................................ 4
2. Specifications ............................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Main Specifications ............................................................................................. 5 2.2. Interfaces .............................................................................................................. 5 2.2.1. LED Indicator and DIP Modes....................................................................... 5 2.2.1.a. DIP Switch Settings ................................................................................ 6 2.2.1.b LED Indicator Status ................................................................................ 6 2.3. Sensor Characteristics ........................................................................................ 7 2.4. RF Characteristics ................................................................................................ 9 2.5. Mechanical Characteristics................................................................................. 9 2.5.1. Design and Dimension .................................................................................. 9 2.5.2. Physical Properties .....................................................................................10 2.6. Environmental Characteristics..........................................................................10 2.7. Certification ........................................................................................................10
3. Installation ....................................................................................................................11 3.1. Wall Mounting ........................................................................................................11
4. Device Configuration....................................................................................................14 4.1. Wi-Fi Configuration ................................................................................................15 4.2. Data Description ....................................................................................................18 4.2.1. Decoding the Payload.....................................................................................18 4.2.2. Data Format.....................................................................................................23
1. Overview
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1.1. Description
Figure 1. Indoor Air Quality Sensor
The Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Sensor features a modular design specifically developed to monitor indoor air quality, providing accurate and stable monitoring data for temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, TVOC, PM2.5, and PM10. Additionally, it can monitor data for CO, HCHO, O3, and NO2 if needed.
This sensor complies with WELL and RESET standards, making it ideal for use in ventilation systems and real-time indoor air quality monitoring. It can continuously monitor indoor air quality and upload the data, making it highly suitable for applications in schools, residential spaces, offices, hotels, and shopping centers.
1.2. Features
· 24-Hour Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring: Provides real-time monitoring of PM2.5, PM10, CO2, TVOC, temperature, humidity. o (Optional) Other sensor data: CO, HCHO, O3, and NO2.
· Advanced Sensor Technology: Utilizes proprietary patented technology and integrated environmental temperature and humidity compensation to ensure accurate and stable measurements.
· Intelligent Data Processing: Employs big data processing and curve fitting calibration for TVOC measurement to avoid measurement jumps or deviations caused by external factors.
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· WELL v2 Compliance: Meets the stringent WELL v2 standard for indoor air quality.
· Easy Installation: Supports ceiling or wall installation to accommodate different decoration styles.
· LED Indicator (Optional): A light ring with a color-changing LED visually displays indoor air quality levels.
· IoT Connectivity: Allows remote monitoring and data analysis through integration with IoT systems, facilitating proactive air quality management and maintenance scheduling.
2. Specifications
2.1. Main Specifications
Table 2: Main Specifications
PARAMETER
SPECIFICATION
LoRaWAN® feature
RX Sensitivity: -140 dBm
Transmit Power
22 dBm
Frequency
Power Supply Ingress Protection Enclose material Operating environment
Installation Method
RU864, IN865, EU868, US915, AU915, KR920, AS9231/2/3/4 100~240VAC
IP30
PC + ABS (flame retardant material)
Temperature: 0~50° C Humidity: 0~90%RH
Ceiling and wall mounting
2.2. Interfaces 2.2.1. LED Indicator and DIP Modes
A light ring in the middle of the housing indicates the concentration range of the measured value. Its color changes according to the concentration.
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The indicator light's measured value can be set to an average of one-minute, one-hour, or 24-hour through the communication command.
By default, the light is controlled by the one-minute PM2.5 average. DIP (dual in-line package) switches adjust the indicator light to show AQI (Air Quality Index) changes, keep the green light on continuously, or turn off the light.
Figure 2. DIP switches
2.2.1.a. DIP Switch Settings
Indicator Lights OFF Switch OFF DIP1, DIP2, DIP3, and DIP4.
Three-color indicator lights (default) Switch ON DIP1, DIP2, and DIP3, and switch DIP4 OFF.
Green Indicator Lights (Normally ON) Switch OFF DIP1, DIP2, and DIP3, and switch DIP4 ON.
2.2.1.b LED Indicator Status
Below are indicator color changes corresponding to the AQI: Table 3: LED indicators
LED (ENABLED)
PM2.5
CO2
Green LED lights up
< 35 g/m3
< 800 ppm
Yellow LED lights up
35~75 g/m3
800~1200 ppm
Red LED lights up
> 75 g/m3
> 1200 ppm
2.3. Sensor Characteristics Table 4: Sensor Data Definitions
REGISTER NAME
SENSOR
DATA UNIT LENGTH
Temperature Humidity
Digital integrated temperature and humidity sensor
2 bytes 1 byte
° C % RH
RESOLUTION RANGE
ACCURACY
0.01% RH
10~100% RH 0~99% RH
· ±4%RH (10~20%RH) · ±2%RH (20~80%RH) · ±4%RH (80~100%RH)
±5.0% RH (10%~90% RH)
CO2
Non-
dispersive
Infrared
Detector
(NDIR)
TVOC
Multi-pixel gas sensor
PM 2.5 value PM 10 value
Laser particle sensor
2 bytes ppm
1 ppm
(unsigned)
2 bytes mg/m3
0.01° C
2 bytes ug/m3
1 g/ m3
2 bytes ug/m3
1 g/ m3
400~5000 ppm ±50 ppm + 5% @ 400~2000 ppm
0° C~60° C
±0.5° C (10~40° C)
0~1000 g/m3 ±5 g/m3 + 20% @ 1~100 g/m3
0~1000 g/m3 ±5 g/m3 + 20% @ 1~100 g/m3
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DECODED FIELD NAME temperature_3 humidity_2 co2_35
tvoc_16 pm2.5_41 pm10_42
Table 5: Optional Sensor Data
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REGISTER NAME CO
HCHO
O3
DATA LENGTH 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes
UNIT ppm ppb ppb
RESOLUTION RANGE
PRECISION
0.1 ppm
0.1~100 ppm ±1 ppm @ 0~10 ppm
1 ppb 1 ppb
20~1000 ppb ±20 ppb @ 0~100 ppb ESOLUTION
10~500 ppb ±10 ppb @ 0~200 ppb
TYPICAL LIFETIME
> 5 years (typ. application) > 3 years (typ. application)
REMARKS Optional Optional Optional
NO2
2 bytes
ppb 1 ppb
5~500 ppb
±20 ppb at 0-100 ppb
Optional
2.4. RF Characteristics
Table 6: Wireless Parameters
PARAMETER
SPECIFICATION
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Communication Protocol Standard LoRaWAN® protocol
Supported Frequency Band RU864, IN865, EU868, US915, AU915, KR920, AS9231/2/3/4
Transmit Power
22 dBm
Receive Sensitivity
-140 dBm
Network Join/Work Mode OTAA/ABP; Class A, B, and C
2.5. Mechanical Characteristics 2.5.1. Design and Dimension
Figure 3. Device Dimensions
2.5.2. Physical Properties
Table 7: Device physical properties
PARAMETER
SPECIFICATION
IP Rating
IP30
Dimension
130 mm × 130 mm × 45 mm (l × w × t)
Power Supply Installation Method
100 ~ 240VAC Ceiling and wall mounting
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2.6. Environmental Characteristics
Table 8: Operating and Storage Conditions
PARAMETER
SPECIFICATION
Operating Temperature
0° C ~ 50° C
Storage Temperature
10° C ~ 50° C
Storage Humidity
0 70 % RH
2.7. Certification
Table 9: Certification PARAMETER
Certification Standard (CE)
SPECIFICATION
SAR: EN 62479&50663 Health Assessment RF: ETSI EN 300 328 LVD (BlueTooth): EN 61010-1 EMC: EN61326-1 EMC (Wi-Fi): ETSI EN 301 489-1 V2.2.3 (2019-11) ETSI EN 301 489-17 V 3.2.4 (2020-09)
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3. Installation
The IAQ sensor is a complete node device, so no assembly is required after unboxing. Refer to the following sections for instructions on how to mount the sensor in the proper location and perform relevant sensor operations.
3.1. Wall Mounting
1. To separate the backboard and the detector, rotate the backboard clockwise according to the direction of the arrow.
Figure 4. Separate the backboard from the detector
2. Use a screwdriver to punch the threading hole on the backboard and remove the cover of the threading hole.
Figure 5. Remove the threading hole cover
3. Pull the cables on the wall through the threading hole.
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Figure 6. Pull the cables
4. Unplug the terminal block from the contact pin.
Figure 7. Unplug the terminal block
5. Connect the cable to the terminal block, then tightly lock the mounting screw.
Figure 8. Connect to the terminal block
6. Plug the contacted terminal block back into the contact pin.
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Figure 9. Plug the terminal block to the contact pin
7. Aim the dot located in the middle of two arrows on the side of the detector with the vertical lines on the backboard. Then rotate the detector following the FIX direction until it's tight.
Figure 10. Attach the sensor to the backplane
WARNING Installation Guidelines: Avoid installing near kitchens, heating units, air conditioners, direct sunlight, or
sources of heat and pollutants. This sensor is suitable for ceiling and wall installation only. Keep it away from high-power or electrostatic equipment to maintain accuracy. Ensure the location allows for regular maintenance. Install after construction or renovation is completed, and the area is cleaned. If renovations are needed, remove the monitor first and reinstall it afterward, or wrap it to protect it from paint and dust.
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Usage Instructions: Prevent damage from drops, impacts, or exposure to high concentrations of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can impair sensor accuracy. Allow the monitor to adapt to temperature changes before powering on. For
example, let it sit for 8 hours in a warm environment after receiving it in cold weather, or 2 hours if moving from air-conditioned to non-air-conditioned areas.
Maintenance Tips: Avoid painting the sensor's casing to avoid clogging the inlet and outlet. Do not use cigarettes for PM2.5 measurement testing, as it may cause
inaccuracies. Cigarette particles range from 0.1 to 0.3 microns, resulting in a significant PM2.5 measurement deviation. For accurate readings, power the monitor continuously for at least 48 hours after initial use or long periods of inactivity. The built-in CO2 sensor can self-calibrate. Initial readings may fluctuate but should stabilize after 2-7 days of continuous operation.
4. Device Configuration
Before configuring your IAQ sensor, make sure you have the recommended OS and browser. The list below only includes the minimum requirements. Any versions lower than the minimum requirement are not recommended for use.
Minimum requirement for Operating Systems (OS):
· Microsoft Windows 10 · Apple macOS 12 · Debian Linux 11 · Ubuntu Linux 22 · Apple iOS/iPadOS 12 · Android 12
Recommended browsers:
· Microsoft Edge 110 · Google Chrome 110 · Firefox 110
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4.1. Wi-Fi Configuration
1. Create a hotspot by powering on the monitor. If it does not connect after 90 seconds, the hotspot will be turned off automatically and you need to restart it to reconnect.
2. Open your PC or mobile device's WLAN/Wi-Fi settings and find the network signal that matches the client ID. Connect to the network and enter the default password. Default password: a1B2c3D4
Figure 11. Client ID
Note The Client ID is on the label on the device shell. Client ID: MSD-XXXXXXXX
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Figure 12. WLAN/Wi-Fi Settings
3. Open a browser and go to 192.168.9.1. If the browser fails to load the page, check for the following: Whether the system has successfully connected to the Wi-Fi network of the device. If the system failed to connect, restart the device and try again. Whether it is the recommended system and browser. If yes, try to switch the browser to incognito mode, re-power on the device and try again.
4. Enter the default username and password. Username: admin Password: public
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Figure 13. Log in with the default credentials
5. Go to the Configuration page.
Figure 14. Configuration Page
6. Navigate to the LoRaWAN interface, configure and check LoRaWAN connection information, and click the Submit button in the upper right corner to save the settings of the current page.
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Figure 15. LoRaWAN interface
Note Do not change the DevEUI, AppEUI, JoinEUI, AppKey and MAC address. They are generated by the communication module.
4.2. Data Description 4.2.1. Decoding the Payload
For detailed decoding scripts of this product on TTN and ChirpStack v2, refer to this decoder:
function lppDecode(bytes) { var sensor_types = { 0: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'digital_in', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 1: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'digital_out', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 2: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'analog_in', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 100 }, 3: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'analog_out', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 100 }, 100: { 'size': 4, 'name': 'generic', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 101: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'illuminance', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:Lux 102: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'presence', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 103: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'temperature', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 10 }, //unit: 104: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'humidity', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 2 }, 112: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'humidity_prec', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 10 }, //unit:%RH 113: { 'size': 6, 'name': 'accelerometer', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1000 }, 115: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'barometer', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 10 }, //unit:hPa 116: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'voltage', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 100 }, 117: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'current', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1000 }, 118: { 'size': 4, 'name': 'frequency', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 },
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120: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'percentage', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 121: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'altitude', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, 125: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'concentration', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 128: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'power', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 130: { 'size': 4, 'name': 'distance', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1000 }, 131: { 'size': 4, 'name': 'energy', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1000 }, 132: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'direction', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 133: { 'size': 4, 'name': 'time', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 134: { 'size': 6, 'name': 'gyrometer', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 100 }, 135: { 'size': 3, 'name': 'colour', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 136: { 'size': 9, 'name': 'gps', 'signed': true, 'divisor': [10000, 10000, 100] }, 137: { 'size': 11, 'name': 'gps', 'signed': true, 'divisor': [1000000, 1000000, 100] }, 138: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'voc', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 142: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'switch', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 188: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'soil_moist', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 10 }, 190: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'wind_speed', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 100 }, //unit:m/s 191: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'wind_direction', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:° 192: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'soil_ec', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1000 }, 193: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'soil_ph_h', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 100 }, 194: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'soil_ph_l', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 10 }, 195: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pyranometer', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 }, 203: { 'size': 1, 'name': 'light', 'signed': false, 'divisor': 1 },
//Tongdy 20230805 211: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'co2', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ppm 212: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'tvoc', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1000 }, //unit:mg/m3 213: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm0.3', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 214: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm0.5', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 215: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm1', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 216: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm2.5', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 217: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm4', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 218: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm10', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 219: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'pm100', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ug/m3 220: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'co', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 10 }, //unit:ppm 221: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'o3', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:ppb 222: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'so2', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, //unit:pbb 223: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'no2', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1 }, // unit:pbb 224: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'hcho', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 1000 }, //unit:pbb 225: { 'size': 2, 'name': 'noise', 'signed': true, 'divisor': 10 }, //unit:dB(A) };
function arrayToDecimal(stream, is_signed, divisor) {
var value = 0; for (var i = 0; i < stream.length; i++) {
if (stream[i] > 0xFF) throw 'Byte value overflow!';
value = (value << 8) | stream[i]; }
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if (is_signed) {
var edge = 1 << (stream.length) * 8; // 0x1000..
var max = (edge - 1) >> 1;
// 0x0FFF.. >> 1
value = (value > max) ? value - edge : value;
}
value /= divisor;
return value;
}
var sensors = [];
var i = 0;
while (i < bytes.length) {
var s_no = bytes[i++]; var s_type = bytes[i++]; if (typeof sensor_types[s_type] == 'undefined') {
throw 'Sensor type error!: ' + s_type; } var s_value = 0; var type = sensor_types[s_type]; switch (s_type) {
case 113: // Accelerometer case 134: // Gyrometer
s_value = { 'x': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 0, i + 2), type.signed,
type.divisor), 'y': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 2, i + 4), type.signed,
type.divisor), 'z': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 4, i + 6), type.signed,
type.divisor) }; break;
case 136: // GPS Location s_value = { 'latitude': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 0, i + 3),
type.signed, type.divisor[0]), 'longitude': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 3, i + 6),
type.signed, type.divisor[1]), 'altitude': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 6, i + 9),
type.signed, type.divisor[2]) }; break;
case 137: // Precise GPS Location s_value = { 'latitude': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 0, i + 4),
type.signed, type.divisor[0]), 'longitude': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 4, i + 8),
type.signed, type.divisor[1]),
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'altitude': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 8, i + 11), type.signed, type.divisor[2])
}; sensors.push({
'channel': s_no, 'type': s_type, 'name': 'location', 'value': "(" + s_value.latitude + "," + s_value.longitude + ")" }); sensors.push({ 'channel': s_no, 'type': s_type, 'name': 'altitude', 'value': s_value.altitude }); break; case 135: // Colour s_value = { 'r': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 0, i + 1), type.signed, type.divisor), 'g': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 1, i + 2), type.signed, type.divisor), 'b': arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i + 2, i + 3), type.signed, type.divisor) }; break;
default: // All the rest s_value = arrayToDecimal(bytes.slice(i, i + type.size), type.signed,
type.divisor); break;
} sensors.push({
'channel': s_no, 'type': s_type, 'name': type.name, 'value': s_value }); i += type.size; } return sensors; }
// For TTN, Helium and Datacake function Decoder(bytes, fport) {
// flat output (like original decoder): var response = {}; lppDecode(bytes, 1).forEach(function (field) {
response[field['name'] + '_' + field['channel']] = field['value']; });
return response; }
// For Chirpstack V3 // function Decode(fPort, bytes, variables) {
// flat output (like original decoder): // var response = {}; // lppDecode(bytes, 1).forEach(function (field) {
// response[field['name'] + '_' + field['channel']] = field['value']; // }); // return response; // }
// Chirpstack v3 to v4 compatibility wrapper // function decodeUplink(input) {
// return { // data: Decode(input.fPort, input.bytes, input.variables)
// }; // }
function encodeDownlink(input) { return { bytes: stringToBytes(JSON.stringify(input.data)), fPort: input.fPort, }
}
function stringToHex(str) { var hex = ''; for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { hex += '' + str.charCodeAt(i).toString(16); } return hex;
}
function hexToBytes(hex) { for (var bytes = [], c = 0; c < hex.length; c += 2) bytes.push(parseInt(hex.substr(c, 2), 16)); return bytes;
}
function stringToBytes(str) { return hexToBytes(stringToHex(str));
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}
function decodeDownlink(input) { return { data: { field: "value" }, warnings: ["warning 1", "warning 2"], errors: ["error 1", "error 2"] }
}
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4.2.2. Data Format
The packet data follows the Cayenne LPP packet format, but it contains additional channel IDs that are not included in the default Cayenne LPP specification. This is required because some sensor data does not fit into any of the existing channel IDs.
Table 10: Data Format
SENSOR DATA UNIT
ID (CHANNEL) TYPE
DATA
Temperature
1 Byte
1 Byte
2 Bytes
Humidity
1 Byte
1 Byte
1 Byte
CO2
1 Byte
1 Byte
2 Bytes
TVOC
1 Byte
1 Byte
2 Bytes
PM 2.5 value
1 Byte
1 Byte
2 Bytes
PM 10 value
1 Byte
1 Byte
2 Bytes
Data Sample 1: Payload (hex) received data: 036700FA02686B23D301CD10D4010E29D8001A2ADA001F Table 11. Sensor Data Sample 1
SENSOR DATA UNIT Temperature
ID (CHANNEL) 03
TYPE 67
Humidity
02
68
DATA 00FA 6B
CO2 TVOC PM 2.5 value PM 10 value
23
D3
10
D4
29
D8
2A
DA
Convert the sensor data from hexadecimal to decimal: 0367 (Temperature) - Data 00FA
00FA16 = 25010 250 x 0.1 (conversion factor) = 25° C
0268 (Humidity) - Data 6B 6B16 = 10710 250 x 0.7 (conversion factor) = 53.5 % RH
23D3 (CO2) - Data 01CD 01CD16 = 46110 = 461 ppm
10D4 (TVOC) - Data 010E 010E16 = 27010 270 x 0.001 (conversion factor) = 0.27 mg/m3
29D8 (PM2.5) - Data 001A 001A16 = 2610 = 26 ug/m3
2ADA (PM10) - Data 001F 001F16 = 3110 = 31 ug/m3
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01CD 010E 001A 001F