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RF TEST GUIDANCE FOR APOLLO® BASED EQUIPMENT 12/25/2018 Ambiq Micro, Inc https://ambiqmicro.com/ Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential Revision History Version Rev 1.0 Information about changes Original version Author Ray Date 2018-12-25 Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential Table of Contents 1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 1 2 References .............................................................................................................. 2 3 Definitions and Abbreviations .............................................................................. 3 3.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 4 4 RF Test System ....................................................................................................... 5 4.1 Conducted Test Configuration ..................................................................................... 5 4.2 Radiated Test Configuration ........................................................................................ 5 4.3 EUT Description .......................................................................................................... 6 4.4 Test Command Summary............................................................................................. 7 4.5 Environmental Condition............................................................................................. 7 4.6 Measurement Uncertainty ............................................................................................ 8 5 BLE RF-PHY Test Guidance ................................................................................... 9 5.1 Test Setup and Method................................................................................................. 9 5.1.1 Signaling Test Method .................................................................................................... 9 5.1.2 Non-signaling Test Method........................................................................................... 10 5.1.3 UART Interface Characteristics .................................................................................... 11 5.1.4 HCI RF Testing Command............................................................................................ 11 5.2 Transmitter Test Cases ............................................................................................... 12 5.3 Receiver Test Cases ................................................................................................... 12 5.4 Special Declaration .................................................................................................... 14 6 SRRC Compliance Test Guidance ....................................................................... 16 6.1 Test Items and Requirements ..................................................................................... 16 6.2 Peak Output Power .................................................................................................... 16 6.2.1 Measuring Parameter Settings ...................................................................................... 16 6.2.2 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 17 6.3 Frequency Tolerance .................................................................................................. 18 6.3.1 Measuring Parameter Settings ...................................................................................... 18 6.3.2 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 18 6.4 Frequency Range ....................................................................................................... 19 Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential i 6.4.1 Measuring Parameter Settings ...................................................................................... 19 6.4.2 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 19 6.5 Collateral Emissions of Transmitter........................................................................... 20 6.5.1 Measuring Parameter Settings ...................................................................................... 20 6.5.2 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 21 6.6 Collateral Emissions of Receiver............................................................................... 21 6.6.1 Measuring Parameter Settings ...................................................................................... 21 6.6.2 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 22 7 FCC Compliance Test Guidance ......................................................................... 23 7.1 Test Items and Requirements ..................................................................................... 23 7.2 EUT Configuration .................................................................................................... 23 7.3 Output Power ............................................................................................................. 24 7.3.1 Limit Requirement ........................................................................................................ 24 7.3.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 24 7.3.3 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 25 7.4 Occupied Bandwidth.................................................................................................. 25 7.4.1 Limit Requirement ........................................................................................................ 25 7.4.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 26 7.4.3 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 26 7.5 Conducted Spurious Emission ................................................................................... 27 7.5.1 Limit Requirement ........................................................................................................ 27 7.5.2 Test Procedure............................................................................................................... 27 7.5.3 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 28 7.5.4 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 29 7.6 Radiated Spurious Emission ...................................................................................... 30 7.6.1 Limit Requirement ........................................................................................................ 30 7.6.2 Test Setup...................................................................................................................... 31 7.6.3 Test Procedure............................................................................................................... 32 7.6.4 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 33 7.6.5 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 33 7.7 Band Edge.................................................................................................................. 34 7.7.1 Limit Requirement ........................................................................................................ 34 7.7.2 Test Procedure............................................................................................................... 35 7.7.3 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 35 7.7.4 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 36 7.8 Power Spectral Density.............................................................................................. 37 Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential ii 7.8.1 Limit Requirement ........................................................................................................ 37 7.8.2 Test Procedure............................................................................................................... 37 7.8.3 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 38 7.8.4 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 38 8 CE Conformance Test Guidance.........................................................................39 8.1 Test Items and Requirements ..................................................................................... 39 8.2 EUT Configuration .................................................................................................... 40 8.3 RF Output Power ....................................................................................................... 40 8.3.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 40 8.3.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 41 8.3.3 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 41 8.4 Power Spectral Density.............................................................................................. 42 8.4.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 42 8.4.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 42 8.5 Occupied Channel Bandwidth ................................................................................... 42 8.5.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 42 8.5.2 Test Procedure............................................................................................................... 43 8.5.3 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 43 8.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain ..................................... 44 8.6.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 44 8.6.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 44 8.6.3 Explanation of Test Result ............................................................................................ 45 8.7 Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain .......................................... 46 8.7.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 46 8.7.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 46 8.8 Receiver spurious emissions ...................................................................................... 47 8.8.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 47 8.8.2 Test Equipment Settings................................................................................................ 48 8.9 Receiver Blocking...................................................................................................... 48 8.9.1 Definition and Limit ..................................................................................................... 48 8.9.2 Test Set-up .................................................................................................................... 49 8.9.3 Test Procedure............................................................................................................... 49 Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential iii 1 Overview The present document provides generally applicable procedures for testing and verifying the RF performance of wireless equipments employing Apollo series BLE MCUs, including but not limited to: guidance for regional regulation tests compliance with SRRC / FCC / CE regulatory standards, guidance for Bluetooth qualification tests conforming to Bluetooth RF-PHY test specification, and guidance for other common RF tests for the purpose of optimization and improvement during R&D process. Customers shall follow these procedures defined in the present document to perform pre-tests for radio type approval, conformance test and shorten time-to-market of products based on Apollo series BLE MCUs in-house. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 1 2 References 1) ANSI C63.10-2013, American National Standard of Procedures for Compliance Testing of Unlicensed Wireless Devices 2) U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 47 -- Telecommunication, Chapter I -- Federal Communications Commission, Part 15--Radio Frequency Devices, Subpart C--Intentional Radiators (47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C) 3) ETSI EN 300 328 V2.1.1, Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU 4) ETSI EN 300 440 V2.1.1, Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU 5) Bluetooth RF-PHY.TS V4.2.2, Bluetooth® Test Specification, test structures and procedures for qualification testing of Bluetooth implementations of the Bluetooth Low Energy RF PHY Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 2 3 Definitions and Abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. adjacent channels: two channels on either side of the nominal channel separated by the nominal channel bandwidth. alternate channels: two channels on either side of the nominal channel separated by double the nominal channel bandwidth. Figure 3-1 Adjacent and alternate channel definitions continuous transmit mode: a mode in which the unlicensed wireless device is continuously transmitting at a 100% duty cycle. conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct connection to the EUT. DTS bandwidth: the minimum required 6 dB bandwidth for a DTS transmission. emission bandwidth (EBW): An unlicensed wireless device parameter determined by measuring the width of the signal between two points, one below the carrier center frequency and one above the carrier center frequency, which are 26 dB down relative to the maximum level of the modulated carrier based on the use of measurement instrumentation employing a peak detector function with an instrument resolution bandwidth approximately equal to 1.0% of the emission bandwidth of the device under measurement. equipment under test (EUT): A device or system being evaluated for compliance that is representative of a product to be marketed. nominal channel bandwidth: band of frequencies assigned to a single channel. occupied bandwidth (OBW): width of a frequency band such that, above the lower and below the upper frequency limits. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 3 out-of-band emissions: emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the occupied bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions. power spectral density: mean power in a given reference bandwidth. radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field. spurious emissions: emissions on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. NOTE: Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products, but exclude out-of-band emissions. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purpose of this document, the following acronyms apply. BLE Bluetooth Low Energy DTM Direct Test Mode DTS Digital Transmission System EBW Emission Bandwidth EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Raditated Power ERP Effective Radiated Power EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI Electromagnetic Interference (Disturbance) EUT Equipment Under Test GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying HCI Host Controller Interface LBT Listen Before Talk NSA Normalized Site Attenuation OBW Occupied Bandwidth PSD Power Spectral Density PER Packet Error Rate RBW Resolution Bandwidth RMS Root Mean Square VBW Video Bandwidth VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 4 4 RF Test System 4.1 Conducted Test Configuration The general RF conducted test system shall be configured as Figure 4-1 belowcomposed of EUT, host computer, test instruments such as spectrum analyzer, signal generator, additional accessories, and so on, with physical connections among them. The EUT can be placed in a shield box (not shown in Figure 4-1) in order to improve measurement accuracy with elimination of some uncertain radio interference over the free space. TX Parameter Measurement USB/LAN/GPIB Spectrum Analyzer RF Input Coaxial Cable HCI 2-Wire (UART) EUT Antenna Port RF Switch USB/LAN/GPIB Coaxial Cable RX Parameter Measurement Vector Signal Generator RF Output Figure 4-1 Brief block diagram of conducted test system 4.2 Radiated Test Configuration The general RF radiated test system shall be configured as Figure 4-2 below, composed of EUT, standard receiving antenna that need to be placed in anechoic chamber, preamplifier, spectrum analyzer or EMI receiver, and so on. The semi-anechoic chamber has met the requirement of NSA tolerance 4dB and applied for frequency below 1 GHz. The full-anechoic chamber has met the requirement of VSWR tolerance 6 dB and applied for frequency above 1 GHz. The test distance was 3m for 30 MHz ~ 18 GHz. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 5 Anechoic Chamber Note: The antenna form varies due to the different frequency band for testing. RX Antenna Spectrum Analyzer EMI Receiver RF Input 0.8 m 1~4 m 0~360° EUT Turntable 3 m Ground Plane Preamplifier Figure 4-2 Brief block diagram of typical radiated test system 4.3 EUT Description Since most of regulation tests, such as FCC and CE, have different requirements for different type of wireless product, please refer to the following technical information of EUTs based on Apollo series BLE MCUs listed in Table 4-1 below. The information shall be provided to 3rd authorized test facility as an initial condition for testing and reflected in the final test report. Table 4-1 Technical information of the EUT integrated with Apollo series BLE MCUs Item Content EUT type Stand-alone equipment Wireless connectivity Bluetooth 4.2 (BLE) Modulation types DTS for FCC regulatory requirement Wide band modulation for CE regulatory requirement Modulation technology GFSK Data transfer rate 1 Mbps Operating frequency range 2400 ~ 2483.5 MHz ISM band Number of channels 40 with intervals of 2 MHz Channel under test Low (2402 MHz), Middle (2440 MHz), High (2480 MHz) Nominal channel bandwidth 1 MHz Antenna type Declared by the manufacturer Antenna gain Declared by the manufacturer Smart Antenna System N/A (FCC regulatory requirement only) Beamforming Gain N/A (CE regulatory requirement only) Adaptive or non-adaptive Adaptive (CE regulatory requirement only) LBT or non-LBT based LBT based (CE regulatory requirement only) Receiver categories Category 2 (CE regulatory requirement only) Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 6 4.4 Test Command Summary For no matter BLE qualification test or regulatory test of EUT embedded with Apollo series BLE MCUs, the test commands defined in Table 4-2 below shall be used during each test process to configure EUT in correct test mode. Table 4-2 Overall HCI test commands and SSCOM32 strings Packaged HCI Commands Hexadecimal Strings Description HCI_RESET 01 03 0c 00 Reset EUT before each of tests. 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 00 `00' indicates normal test mode with PRBS9 sequence in payload. HCI_LE_TRANSMITTER_TEST (for Apollo3-Blue and Apollo2-Blue both) 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 01 `01' indicates normal test mode with repeated 0x0F sequence. 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 02 `02' indicates normal test mode with repeated 0x55 sequence. HCI_LE_TRANSMITTER_TEST 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 08 `08' indicates sending continuous carrier wave at center frequency. (for Apollo3-Blue only) 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 09 `09' indicates continuous transmit mode with duty cycle = 100%. HCI_EM_9304_TRANSMITTER_TEST 01 11 fc 04 01 xx 25 00 `01' indicates continuous transmit mode (PRBS9, duty cycle = 100%). (for Apollo2-Blue only) 01 11 fc 04 04 xx 25 00 `04' indicates continuous carrier wave at center frequency. HCI_LE_RECEIVER_TEST 01 1d 20 01 xx Set EUT in direct RX test mode. HCI_LE_TEST_END 01 1f 20 00 Stop the current test and be ready for the next one. Note: a) Normal test mode means Direct Test Mode (DTM) for BLE RF-PHY qualification test specified in Bluetooth Core Specification and Test Specification. b) `xx' in all hexadecimal strings above indicates the frequency of channel to be tested, which can be assigned with a range of 0x00~0x27. c) `0x25' in transmitter test commands above means typical payload length in a test packet = 37 octets, and which can be customized under the maximum limit of 255 octets. d) In Direct Test Mode, the longer test packet length is used, the higher duty cycle can test reach. When setting payload length to the maximization of 255 octets, the duty cycle 90%. 4.5 Environmental Condition Unless otherwise specified, the normal test environmental conditions shall be set as below: Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 7 1) Ambient Temperature: 15 ~ 35; 2) Relative humidity: 25% ~ 75%; 3) Atmospheric Pressure: 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa. Some tests in the present document need to be repeated at extreme temperatures. In this case, extreme test conditions of the operating temperature range for EUTs embedded with Apollo series BLE MCUs shall be set as below: 1) Low Temperature: -40 2) High Temperature: +85 4.6 Measurement Uncertainty The results of measurements of emissions from transmitters should reference the measurement instrumentation uncertainty considerations. Determining compliance should be based on the results of the compliance measurement, not taking into account measurement instrumentation uncertainty. Hence, the measurement uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation and its associated connections between the various instruments in the measurement chain should be calculated, and both the measurement results and the calculated uncertainty should be given in the test report. For the test methods, according to the present document, the measurement uncertainty figures shall be calculated and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1.96 or k = 2 (which provide confidence levels of respectively 95% and 95.45% in the case where the distributions characterizing the actual measurement uncertainties are normal (Gaussian)). The calculated value of the measurement uncertainty shall be equal to or less than the figures in Table 4-3 below for each measurement. Table 4-3 Maximum measurement uncertainty Measuring Parameter Uncertainty Value Occupied Channel Bandwidth ±5% RF Output Power, conducted ±1.5 dB Power Spectral Density, conducted ±3 dB Unwanted Emissions, conducted ±3 dB All emissions, radiated ±6 dB Supply Voltages ±3% Time ±5% Temperature ±3 Humidity ±5% Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 8 5 BLE RF-PHY Test Guidance BLE devices operate in the unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM frequency band at 2400-2483.5 MHz. The BLE system uses 40 RF channels that have center frequencies 2402 + n ×2 MHz, where n = 0,1,2...39. The BLE RF-PHY is the lowest layer of the BLE protocol stack. For simplicity and intuitive, this chapter lists all test cases and requirements for Bluetooth qualification testing of equipments employing Apollo series BLE MCUs only, while regarding test procedures and definition for each test case, please refer to Bluetooth® Test Specification RF-PHY.TS V4.2.2 for details. The two primary objectives of the BLE RF-PHY qualification tests are: 1) to ensure interoperability between all BLE devices in the marketplace; 2) to verify that a basic level of system performance is guaranteed for all BLE products. The BLE RF-PHY qualified test cases may be divided into two categories: transmitter tests and receiver tests. Under RF-PHY test mode, hopping is disabled and the EUT's transmit and receive frequencies are set fixedly according to specific test cases. 5.1 Test Setup and Method For BLE RF-PHY test, EUT shall be configured as Direct Test Mode (DTM) through burning test program at first. This test program is called test bridge for Apollo BLE MCU family. Please follow the settings given in Table 5-1 when using J-Flash tool to download test program. Table 5-1 J-Flash Programming settings for Apollo MCU family Chip Model Target Device Type Interface Speed Programming Start Address Apollo2-Blue Apollo3-Blue AMAPH1KK-KBR SWD 1000 0x00000000 0x0000C000 Direct Test Mode (DTM) is used to control the EUT and provides a report back to the Bluetooth tester. It shall be set up using one of two alternate methods: over HCI or through a 2-wire UART interface. Due to non-accessible HCI design for Apollo BLE MCU family, a 2-wire UART interface is routed out for transferring RF testing commands. However, no matter Bluetooth testers or computers, they do not have any built-in UART interface but plenty of USB interface resources, hence one USB-to-UART adapter is needed for protocol translation use. 5.1.1 Signaling Test Method One typical test setup connection between EUT, Bluetooth tester, and/or host computer is shown in Figure 5-1, which RF testing commands are automatically generated by tester and this may be called Bluetooth signaling test method. Note that the host computer is optional since when only running test scripts and generating test report automatically can it be needed. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 9 Host Computer USB HCI RF I/O Bluetooth® Tester Running Test Scripts Automatically Optional For R&S CMW Series USB-to-UART Adapter USB HCI-to-RS232 RS232-to-TTL Shifter RF Cable For Anritsu MT8852 Series 2-wire UART UART RF Port EUT Figure 5-1 The test setup for BLE signaling test method There are two most commonly used Bluetooth Tester models: R&S CMW series wideband radio communication tester and Anritsu MT8852 series Bluetooth test set. When USB-to-UART adapter is used, the driver must be installed on tester or computer appropriately at first. Due to RF testing commands can be only transferred over built-in HCI interface on MT8852 series tester, one HCI-to-RS232 adapter cable and one RS232-to-TTL shifter are needed instead of USB-to-UART adapter as shown in Figure 5-1. Generally, R&S CMW series Bluetooth tester is recommended for R&D use since it can be operated more flexibly, while Anritsu MT8852 series Bluetooth tester is more suitable for production test since it can run testing scripts and generate test report automatically. 5.1.2 Non-signaling Test Method Another test setup connection which is called non-signaling test method is shown in Figure 5-2 below. In this case, RF testing commands defined in Table 5-2 are sent by PC test software manually. Note that only R&S CMW series tester can support this method. Running Test Software Bluetooth® Tester RF I/O USB RF Cable USB-to-UART Adapter 2-wire UART UART RF Port EUT Figure 5-2 The test setup for BLE non-signaling test method Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 10 5.1.3 UART Interface Characteristics Apollo series BLE MCUs have two mainstream power supply schemes: 1.8V or 3.3V. Thus, the TTL level of UART interface on USB-to-UART adapter must be consistent with what power supply rail is used on EUT to avoid incapable of communication between them. The UART test interface characteristics of Apollo based EUTs shall be set to use the following parameters: Baud rate: 115200 Number of data bits: 8 No parity 1 stop bit No flow control (RTS or CTS) 5.1.4 HCI RF Testing Command As defined in Table 4-2, for all test cases of BLE RF-PHY, if non-signaling test method is utilized, then the RF testing commands listed in Table 5-2 shall be sent over PC test software manually during each test process to control EUT. Table 5-2 Definition of HCI test commands and SSCOM32 strings Packaged HCI Commands Hexadecimal Strings Description HCI_RESET 01 03 0c 00 Reset EUT before each of tests. 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 00 `0x00' means transmitting PRBS9 sequence in payload field HCI_LE_TRANSMITTER_TEST 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 01 `0x01' means transmitting repeated `11110000' sequence in payload field 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 02 `0x02' means transmitting repeated `10101010' sequence in payload field HCI_LE_RECEIVER_TEST 01 1d 20 01 xx Set EUT in direct RX test mode. HCI_LE_TEST_END 01 1f 20 00 Terminate the current test. Note: a) `xx' in all hexadecimal strings above indicates the frequency of channel to be tested, which can be assigned with a value within 0x00~0x27 corresponding to Channel 0 to 39. b) `0x25' in transmitter test commands above means typical payload length in a test packet = 37 octets, and which can be customized under the maximum limit of 255 octets (0xFF). c) In direct RX test mode, it will return the valid number of received packets (2 octets) through sending HCI_LE_RECEIVER_TEST command followed by HCI_LE_TEST_END command, then the PER can be calculated out according to the number of received packets. d) After sending each command listed above, EUT will return LE_STATUS packet where the last octet of it signifies whether the present command is processed successfully or not. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 11 5.2 Transmitter Test Cases There are 4 test cases in BLE qualified transmitter tests (TRM-LE) for EUT embedded with Apollo series BLE MCUs in total. The test items, requirements, payload pattern and RF channels (frequencies) for testing are listed in Table 5-3 below. Table 5-3 Transmitter test cases and requirements Test Items Limit Requirements Sending Payload Type RF Channels (frequencies) for Testing 0 (2402 MHz) Output Power -20 dBm PAVG +10 dBm PPEAK - PAVG 3 dB PRBS9 sequence 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) 0 (2402 MHz) In-band emissions PTX -20 dBm for (fTX ±2 MHz) PTX -30 dBm for (fTX ± n MHz]); where n 3 PRBS9 sequence 2 (2406 MHz) 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 37 (2476 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) Modulation Characteristics 225 kHz f1avg 275 kHz 99.9% f2max185 kHz f2avg / f1avg 0.8 f1avg: 11110000 sequence f2avg: 10101010 sequence 0 (2402 MHz) 12 (2426 MHZ) 19 (2440 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) Carrier frequency offset and drift Freq Offset (Accuracy) ±150 kHz Freq Drift ±50 kHz Initial frequency drif t ±23 kHz Maximum drift rate 20kHz/50s 10101010 sequence 0 (2402 MHz) 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) Note: a) The EUT is connected to the tester via a 50 connector. If there is no antenna interface, a temporary 50 interface such as one pig-tail cable may be used. b) The EUT is set to direct TX mode at maximum output power on fixed channel (frequency hopping off) for each test case. 5.3 Receiver Test Cases There are 6 test cases in BLE RF-PHY receiver tests (RCV-LE) for EUT embedded with Apollo series BLE MCUs in total. The test items, requirements, conditions and RF channels (frequencies) for testing are listed in Table 5-4 below. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 12 Table 5-4 Receiver test cases and requirements RF Channels Test Items Limit Requirements Test Conditions (frequencies) for Testing Receiver Sensitivity PER 30.8% when input power level = -70 dBm Receive a minimum of 1500 test packets with 37-byte PRBS9 payload in dirty transmitter mode. 0 (2402 MHz) 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) PER Report 50% PER 65.4% when Receive 1500 test packets with 12 (2426 MHz) Integrity input power level = -30 dBm intentionally corrupted CRC value. 19 (2440 MHz) Maximum input signal level PER 30.8% when input power level = -10 dBm Receive a minimum of 1500 test packets with 37-byte PRBS9 payload in direct RX mode. 0 (2402 MHz) 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) 0 (2402 MHz) C/I and Receiver Selectivity Performance PER 30.8% when C/I test parameter settings meet the requirements defined in Table 5-5. Receive a minimum of 1500 test packets with 37-byte PRBS9 payload in direct RX mode. 2 (2406 MHz) 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 37 (2476 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) Blocking Performance PER 30.8% when out-ofband blocking test parameter settings meet the requirements defined in Table 5-6. Receive a minimum of 1500 test packets with 37-byte PRBS9 payload in direct RX mode. 12 (2426 MHz) Intermodulation Performance PER 30.8% when test signal allocation alternatives meet the requirements defined in Table 5-7. Receive a minimum of 1500 test packets with 37-byte PRBS9 payload in direct RX mode. 0 (2402 MHz) 12 (2426 MHz) 19 (2440 MHz) 39 (2480 MHz) Note: a) The EUT is connected to the tester via a 50 connector. If there is no antenna interface, a temporary 50 interface such as one pig-tail cable may be used. b) The EUT is set to direct RX mode on fixed channel (frequency hopping off) for each test case. c) In receiver sensitivity test case, the dirty transmitter shall apply where the characteristics of test packets transmitted by tester, including frequency offset, frequency drift, modulation index and symbol timing error, etc., are not ideal and changed over time as specified in Bluetooth Test Specification. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 13 Table 5-5 C/I and receiver selectivity test parameter settings Interference Wanted signal (PRBS9) Interference (PRBS15) C/I Requirement frequency power level (dBm) power level (dBm) (dB) Co-channel -67 -88 21 Adjacent (±1MHz) -67 -82 15 Adjacent (±2MHz) -67 -50 -17 Adjacent [±(3+n) MHz] -67 -40 -27 Image frequency -67 -58 -9 Adjacent (±1MHz) to -67 image frequency -52 -15 Note: If two frequencies defined above refer to the same physical channel, the less stringent requirement will apply. Table 5-6 Out-of-band blocking performance and measurement parameters Interference signal Wanted signal (PRBS9) Blocking signal (Carrier Frequency step frequency range power level (dBm) wave) power level (dBm) size (MHz) 30 ~ 2000 MHz -67 -30 10 MHz 2003 ~ 2399 MHz -67 -35 3 MHz 2484 ~ 2997 MHz -67 -35 3 MHz 3 ~ 12.75 GHz -67 -30 25 MHz Table 5-7 Intermodulation test signal allocation alternatives in the frequency domain Testing signals Signal type Power level Frequency relation between at RF port wanted signal & interferences Wanted signal f0 Modulated signal with PRBS9 payload -64 dBm Interference signal f1 Sinusoidal, Un-modulated carrier wave -50 dBm f0 = 2*f1 - f2 and | f2 - f1 |= n*1 MHz where n = 3, 4 or 5 Interference signal f2 Continuous modulated signal with PRBS15 data -50 dBm 5.4 Special Declaration Due to differences in receiver architecture design between different chip manufacturers, the in-band image frequency (fimage) relative to the receiver frequency for C/I and receiver selectivity test, and the value of n for intermodulation test shall be declared to the testing facility by EUT manufacturer before performing formal qualification tests. For EUT embedded with Apollo series BLE MCUs, these two values shall be set as follows. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 14 Table 5-8 Special declaration for image frequency and value n Identifier Apollo3-Blue Apollo2-Blue Units In-band image frequency relative to receiver frequency -4 78 MHz Value n for intermodulation test 5 3 integer Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 15 6 SRRC Compliance Test Guidance SRRC is short for State Radio Regulatory Commission of P.R China, which is mandatory wireless certification requirement for those products with radio functions intended to be sold in mainland China. All wireless communication products sold and used within China must apply for radio type approval certification. 6.1 Test Items and Requirements Table 6-1 SRRC regulation test items and requirements Channels for No. Items Limit requirements Test Mode testing 1 Peak Output Power EIRP 10dBm Low/Mid/High Continuous Transmit Mode Continuous carrier 2 Frequency Tolerance ±20 ppm (~50 kHz) Low/Mid/High wave at center freq Frequency Range EIRP -30 dBm at 3 Low/High (Band edge) 2400 or 2483.5MHz Continuous Transmit Mode Collateral emissions 4 of transmitter See Table 6-2 Low/Mid/High Continuous Transmit Mode Collateral emissions 5 of receiver See Table 6-2 Low/Mid/High Receiver mode Table 6-2 Frequency range, bandwidth and limit requirement of Collateral Emission Tests Start Freq Stop Freq (MHz) (MHz) RBW (MHz) VBW (MHz) Detector Mode Limit (dBm) 30 1000 0.1 3×RBW Peak -36 2400 2483.5 0.1 3×RBW Peak -33 3400 3530 1 3×RBW Peak -40 5725 5850 1 3×RBW Peak -40 Other frequency bands 1 3×RBW Peak -30 within 1~12.75GHz 6.2 Peak Output Power 6.2.1 Measuring Parameter Settings Measurement Instrument Type: Spectrum Analyzer Test Mode: Continuous Transmit Mode (duty cycle = 100%) Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 16 Measuring Parameter: Maximum Conducted Output Power HCI Test Commands and SSCOM32 Strings: See Table 4-2 in clause 4.4 Spectrum Analyzer Settings: See Table 6-3 below Note: EIRP = Conducted Power + Antenna Gain (default value: 0 dBi) Table 6-3 Spectrum analyzer settings of peak output power test Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2440 / 2480 MHz Span 3 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 3 MHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 3 MHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold 6.2.2 Explanation of Test Result Figure 6-1 Example test plot of peak output power testing Figure 6-1 shows a typical spectrum and related settings displayed on the screen of spectrum analyzer while performing the peak output power test per SRRC. Note that the RBW should be greater than BLE channel bandwidth (i.e. 2 MHz) and the peak search function should be used to determine the maximum amplitude level until the trace is fully stabilized. In addition, the offset level should be set in the spectrum analyzer to compensate the RF cable loss and attenuation between antenna connector of EUT and RF input port of spectrum analyzer. With the offset compensation value, the reading level in spectrum analyzer is exactly equal to the RF output power level of EUT. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 17 6.3 Frequency Tolerance 6.3.1 Measuring Parameter Settings Measurement Instrument Type: Spectrum Analyzer Test Mode: Continuous Carrier Wave at Center Frequency Measuring Parameter: Frequency offset relative to nominal frequency HCI Test Commands and SSCOM32 Strings: See Table 4-2 in clause 4.4 Spectrum Analyzer Settings: See Table 6-4 below Table 6-4 Spectrum analyzer settings of frequency tolerance test Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2440 / 2480 MHz Span 100 kHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 10 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 10 kHz Detector mode Peak / Average Sweep time Auto Trace mode Free Run 6.3.2 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 6-2 shows a typical spectrum and related settings displayed on the screen of test instrument while performing the frequency tolerance test per SRRC. Note that the window size (i.e. span) is set as test limit requirement ±20ppm which is approximately equal to ±50 kHz. The test result can be judged as pass as long as the peak value of carrier wave falls in the window (see Marker 1 in Figure 6-2 below). Otherwise, it shall be regarded as fail. Figure 6-2 Example test plot of frequency tolerance testing Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 18 6.4 Frequency Range 6.4.1 Measuring Parameter Settings Measurement Instrument Type: Spectrum Analyzer Test Mode: Continuous Transmit Mode (duty cycle = 100%) Measuring Parameter: Maximum emission at edge of 2400~2483.5 MHz band HCI Test Commands & SSCOM32 Strings: See Table 4-2 in clause 4.4 Spectrum Analyzer Settings: See Table 6-5 below Table 6-5 Spectrum analyzer settings of frequency range test Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2480 MHz Span 5 MHz at 2402 MHz / 10 MHz at 2480 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 100 kHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold 6.4.2 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 6-3 shows a typical spectrum and related settings displayed on the display while performing the band edge test per SRRC. Note that the marker 1 in Figure 6-3 should be placed at 2400 MHz and its reading level indicates the emission at lower band edge. There are two methods of pass/fail verdict which one way is reading emission level at lower or upper band edge and see if it is less than -30 dBm; the other way is seeking the points with -30 dBm value and see if they fall within 2400~2483.5 MHz band. Figure 6-3 Example test plot of frequency range testing Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 19 6.5 Collateral Emissions of Transmitter 6.5.1 Measuring Parameter Settings Measurement Instrument Type: Spectrum Analyzer Test Mode: Continuous Transmit Mode (duty cycle = 100%) Measuring Parameter: Peak amplitude value within all frequency bands HCI Test Commands SSCOM32 Strings: See Table 4-2 in clause 4.4 Spectrum Analyzer Settings: See Table 6-6, Table 6-7 and Table 6-8 below When performing spurious emissions test at 2402 MHz (Ch0), the instrumental parameter settings of spectrum analyzer are shown as below: Table 6-6 Spectrum analyzer settings while transmitting at 2402 MHz Frequency Band (MHz) RBW (MHz) VBW (MHz) Detector Mode Limit Sweep Time & Trace Mode (dBm) 30~1000 0.1 1 10 ms -36 1000~2397 1 3 1.5 ms -30 2407~2483.5 0.1 3 95 s -33 2483.5~3400 1 3 1 ms Peak -30 3400~3530 1 3 19 s Max Hold -40 3530~5725 1 3 2.2 ms -30 5725~5850 1 3 17 s -40 5850~12750 1 3 10 s -30 When performing spurious emissions test at 2440 MHz (Ch19), the instrumental parameter settings of spectrum analyzer are shown as below: Table 6-7 Spectrum analyzer settings while transmitting at 2440 MHz Frequency Band (MHz) RBW (MHz) VBW (MHz) Detector Mode Limit Sweep Time & Trace Mode (dBm) 30~1000 0.1 1 10 ms -36 1000~2400 1 3 1.5 ms -30 2400~2435 0.1 3 38 s -33 2445~2483.5 0.1 3 2483.5~3400 1 3 3400~3530 1 3 57 s 1 ms 19 s -33 Peak -30 Max Hold -40 3530~5725 1 3 2.2 ms -30 5725~5850 1 3 17 s -40 5850~12750 1 3 10 s -30 Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 20 When performing spurious emissions test at 2480 MHz (Ch39), the instrumental parameter settings of spectrum analyzer are shown as below: Table 6-8 Spectrum analyzer settings while transmitting at 2480 MHz Frequency Band (MHz) RBW (MHz) VBW (MHz) Detector Mode Limit Sweep Time & Trace Mode (dBm) 30~1000 0.1 1 10 ms -36 1000~2400 1 3 1.5 ms -30 2400~2475 0.1 3 95 s -33 2483.5~3400 1 3 1 ms Peak -30 3400~3530 1 3 19 s Max Hold -40 3530~5725 1 3 2.2 ms -30 5725~5850 1 3 17 s -40 5850~12750 1 3 10 s -30 6.5.2 Explanation of Test Result Figure 6-4 shows an overall example test plot while performing collateral emissions of transmitter at the lowest channel of EUT. The peak amplitude level within each segment of frequency band shall be listed in test record for determining compliance with requirement above. Figure 6-4 Example test plot of collateral emissions of transmitter 6.6 Collateral Emissions of Receiver 6.6.1 Measuring Parameter Settings Measurement Instrument Type: Spectrum Analyzer Test Mode: Receiver Mode Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 21 Measuring Parameter: Peak amplitude value within all frequency bands HCI Test Commands SSCOM32 Strings: See Table 4-2 in clause 4.4 Spectrum Analyzer Settings: See Table 6-5 below The spectrum analyzer settings shall be the same as transmitter test described in section 6.5 while performing such measurements at Ch0, Ch19 or Ch39 respectively. 6.6.2 Explanation of Test Result Figure 6-5 shows an overall test plot while performing collateral emissions of transmitter at the highest channel of EUT. The peak amplitude level within each segment of frequency band shall be listed in test record for determining compliance with requirement above. Figure 6-5 Example test plot of collateral emissions of receiver Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 22 7 FCC Compliance Test Guidance 7.1 Test Items and Requirements Table 7-1 Applicable Standards for FCC Compliance Test No. Identity Document Title 1 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart C Miscellaneous Wireless Communication Services Guidance for Performing Compliance Measurements on FCC KDB 558074 D01 DTS 2 Digital Transmission Systems (DTS) Operating Under Meas Guidance v05 §15.247 3 ANSI C63.10-2013 American National Standard for Testing Unlicensed Wireless Devices Table 7-2 FCC compliance test items and requirements No. Measurement items Limit Channels for testing FCC rule section 1 Output Power EIRP 30dBm Low/Mid/High 15.247(b) 2 Occupied Bandwidth 500 kHz Low/Mid/High 15.247(a) 3 Conducted Spurious Emission See Table 7-6 Low/Mid/High 4 Radiated Spurious Emission See Table 7-9 Low/Mid/High 5 Band Edge 6 Power Spectral Density See Table 7-12 Low/High 8 dBm/3kHz Low/Mid/High 15.247(d) 15.209 15.247(d) 15.209 15.247(d) 15.247(e) 7.2 EUT Configuration According to ANSI C63.10, the number of fundamental frequencies to be tested shall be set to 3 for BLE devices operating within unlicensed 2400~2483.5 MHz ISM band: 2402 MHz, 2440 MHz and 2480MHz. Furthermore, the unlicensed wireless device shall be configured to operate in continuous transmit mode (i.e., 100% duty cycle). For systems incapable of supporting 100% duty cycle, the unlicensed device shall be operated using the maximum possible duty cycle. As defined in Table 4-2, EUT with Apollo series BLE MCUs can be set to continuous transmit mode by following HCI test commands defined in Table 7-3 below. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 23 Table 7-3 Transmitter test commands to achieve 100% duty cycle Packaged HCI Commands Hexadecimal Strings Description HCI_LE_TRANSMITTER_TEST (for Apollo3-Blue) 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 09 `09' indicates sending continuously modulated signal. HCI_EM_9304_TRANSMITTER_TEST (for Apollo2-Blue) 01 11 fc 04 01 xx 25 00 `01' indicates sending continuously modulated signal. Note: `xx' in hexadecimal strings above indicates channel to be tested, which the 3 typical low, middle and high channels can be represented by `0x00' (2402 MHz), `0x13' (2440 MHz) and `0x27' (2480 MHz) respectively. The measurement procedures are based on the use of an antenna-port conducted test configuration. Antenna-port conducted measurements shall be performed using test equipment that matches the nominal impedance of the antenna assembly to be used with the EUT. Additional attenuation may be required in the conducted RF path to prevent overloading of the measurement instrument. The measured power levels shall be adjusted to account for all losses or gains introduced into the conducted RF path, including cable loss, external attenuation or amplification. For antenna-port conducted test, conducted value is equal to measurement value plus all losses. However, if antenna-port conducted tests cannot be performed on EUT (e.g., portable or handheld devices with integrated PCB or chip antenna), then radiated tests are acceptable for demonstrating compliance to the conducted emission requirements. 7.3 Output Power 7.3.1 Limit Requirement For systems using digital modulation techniques in the 2400~2483.5 MHz bands, the maximum peak conducted output power of the EUT shall not exceed: 30 dBm. As an alternative to a peak power measurement, compliance with the limit can be based on a measurement of the maximum conducted output power. Maximum Conducted Output Power is defined as the total transmit power delivered to all antennas and antenna elements averaged across all symbols in the signaling alphabet when the transmitter is operating at its maximum power control level. Power must be summed across all antennas and antenna elements. 7.3.2 Test Equipment Settings This procedure shall be used when the spectrum analyzer has an available RBW that is greater than the DTS bandwidth (i.e., occupied bandwidth). Peak search function shall be used to determine the peak amplitude level until spectral trace is fully stabilized. The main instrumental parameter settings are shown in Table 7-4 below. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 24 Table 7-4 Spectrum analyzer settings of output power measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2440 / 2480 MHz Span 3 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 1 MHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 3 MHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold 7.3.3 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 7-1 shows a typical spectrum and related settings displayed on the screen of spectrum analyzer while performing the maximum peak conducted output power test per FCC standard. Note that the RBW should be greater than DTS bandwidth and the peak search function should be used to determine the maximum amplitude level until the trace fully stabilizes. In addition, the offset level shall be set in the spectrum analyzer to compensate the RF cable loss and attenuation between antenna port of EUT and RF input port of spectrum analyzer. With the offset compensation value, the reading level in spectrum analyzer is exactly equal to the maximum peak conducted output power of EUT. Figure 7-1 Example test plot of maximum conducted output power 7.4 Occupied Bandwidth 7.4.1 Limit Requirement Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 25 The minimum 6 dB bandwidth of a DTS transmission shall be at least 500 kHz. 7.4.2 Test Equipment Settings Table 7-5 Spectrum analyzer settings of occupied bandwidth measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2440 / 2480 MHz Span 3 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 300 kHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold 7.4.3 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 7-2 shows the trace and plot displayed in spectrum analyzer while performing occupied bandwidth test at center frequency 2402 MHz. Measure the maximum width of the emission that is constrained by the frequencies associated with the two outermost amplitude points (upper and lower frequencies) that are attenuated by 6 dB relative to the maximum level measured in the fundamental emission. Note that M2 in Figure 7-2 indicates the peak amplitude level of fundamental emission at 2402 MHz and M1 means the lower side marker point where the amplitude level is 6 dB lower than M2. Then the delta marker D1 can determine the 6-dB bandwidth by calculating X-value relative to marker M1 in frequency domain. Figure 7-2 Example test plot of occupied bandwidth in low channel Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 26 7.5 Conducted Spurious Emission 7.5.1 Limit Requirement Conducted spurious emission here corresponds to emissions in nonrestricted frequency bands defined in ANSI C63.10. According to FCC section §15.247(d), in any 100 kHz bandwidth outside of the authorized frequency band, the power level shall be attenuated according to the following conditions: a) If the maximum peak conducted output power procedure was used to determine compliance, then the peak output power measured in any 100 kHz bandwidth outside of the authorized frequency band shall be attenuated by at least 20 dB relative to the maximum in-band peak PSD level in 100 kHz (i.e., 20 dBc). b) If the maximum average conducted output power procedure was used to determine compliance, then the peak power in any 100 kHz bandwidth outside of the authorized frequency band shall be attenuated by at least 30 dB relative to the maximum in-band peak PSD level in 100 kHz (i.e., 30 dBc). The respective requiremens corresponding to the above two conditions are given in Table 7-6 below. Generally, for the sake of consistency, only the test method of peak detector mode (i.e., the 1st item listed above) shall be utilized for practical application. Table 7-6 Limit Requirement of Conducted Spurious Emission Detector Function Output power level at fundamental frequencies Relative Limit (dBc) Absolute Limit (dBm) Peak Ppeak 20 Ppeak - 20 RMS Pavg 30 Pavg - 30 7.5.2 Test Procedure The following procedures shall be used to determine compliance to these requirements listed in Table 7-6. Note that these procedures can be used in either an antenna-port conducted or a radiated test setup. 7.5.2.1 Fundamental emission level measurement Establish a reference level of fundamental emission by using the following procedure: 1 Set instrument center frequency to DTS channel center frequency. 2 Set the span to 1.5 times the DTS bandwidth. 3 Set the RBW = 100 kHz. 4 Set the VBW [3 ×RBW]. 5 Detector = peak. 6 Sweep time = auto couple. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 27 7 Trace mode = max hold. 8 Allow trace to fully stabilize. 9 Use the peak marker function to determine the maximum PSD level. Note that the channel found to contain the maximum PSD level can be used to establish the reference level. See Table 7-7 in section 7.5.3 below for detailed instrumental parameter settings. 7.5.2.2 Spurious emission level measurement Establish a spurious emission level by using the following procedure: 1 Set the center frequency and span to encompass frequency range to be measured. 2 Set the RBW = 100 kHz. 3 Set the VBW [3 ×RBW]. 4 Detector = peak. 5 Sweep time = auto couple. 6 Trace mode = max hold. 7 Allow trace to fully stabilize. 8 Use the peak marker function to determine the maximum amplitude level. Ensure that the amplitude of all unwanted emissions outside of the authorized frequency band (excluding restricted frequency bands) is attenuated by at least the minimum requirements specified in section 7.5.1. Report the three highest emissions relative to the limit. See Table 7-8 in section 7.5.3 for detailed instrumental parameter settings. 7.5.3 Test Equipment Settings Table 7-7 Spectrum analyzer settings of reference level measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2440 / 2480 MHz Span 3 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 300 kHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold Table 7-8 Spectrum analyzer settings of emission level measurement Span RBW (kHz) VBW (kHz) Sweep Time Sweep Mode (ms) Detector & Trace Mode 30 MHz~3 GHz 100 300 Auto 30 Peak 2 GHz~25 GHz 100 300 Auto 230 Max Hold Limit (dBc) 20 20 Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 28 7.5.4 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 7-3 shows the example test graph when performing conducted fundamental emission reference level measurement at center frequency 2480 MHz and the following Figure 7-4 and Figure 7-5 show spurious emission level measurement from 30 MHz to 25 GHz employing a peak detector. Note that the M1 marker indicates the reference level of fundamental emission at 2480 MHz and the corresponding reading value in the plot is 2 dBm in Figure 7-3. Thus, when running succeeding spurious emission measurement within nonrestricted frequency bands from 30 MHz to 25 GHz outside the EUT operating frequency band, the absolute limit line D1 in Y-axis is set as -18 dBm (equal to 20 dBc attenuation relative to reference level) for determining compliance to requirements in Figure 7-4 and Figure 7-5 below. Figure 7-3 Example test plot of fundamental emission in high channel Figure 7-4 Example of conducted spurious emission test for 30 MHz to 3 GHz Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 29 Figure 7-5 Example of conducted spurious emission test for 2 to 25 GHz 7.6 Radiated Spurious Emission 7.6.1 Limit Requirement Radiated spurious emission here corresponds to emissions in restricted frequency bands defined in ANSI C63.10. According to FCC section §15.205 and §15.209(a), the emissions from EUT shall not exceed the field strength levels specified in the following table: Table 7-9 The Requirements for Radiated Emission Frequency band No. (MHz) Field Strength (V/m) Field Strength (dBV/m) Detector Mode Distance (m) 1 30~88 100 40 2 88~216 150 3 216~960 200 43.5 Quasi-Peak 46 3 4 above 960 500 54 5 1000~18000 See Table 7-10 Note: 1. Field Strength (dBV/m) = 20*log [Field Strength (V/m)]. 2. In the emission table above, the tighter limit shall apply at each band edges. 3. At frequencies less than or equal to 1000 MHz, compliance with the emission limits in Table 7-9 shall be demonstrated using measurement instrumentation employing a CISPR quasi-peak detector specified in CISPR 16-1-1: 2010. 4. At frequencies above 1000 MHz, compliance with the emission limits in Table 7-9 shall be demonstrated based on measuring instrumentation employing an average detector. However, if measurement employing a peak detector is performed, 20 dB above the Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 30 maximum permitted average limit of field strength specified in Table 7-9 shall apply, see Table 7-10 below for details. Table 7-10 The Requirements for Radiated Emission above 1 GHz Frequency band Detector Mode Field Strength (V/m) Field Strength (dBV/m) Average 500 54 1 ~ 18 GHz Peak 5000 74 7.6.2 Test Setup The radiated emissions shall be measured using Quasi-Peak Detector (30MHz~1GHz) in semi-anechoic chamber and average/peak detector (above 1GHz) in full anechoic chamber. The maximal emission value is acquired by adjusting the antenna height, polarisation and turntable azimuth in accordance with the test software setup. Normally, the height range of antenna is 1m to 4m and the azimuth range of turntable is 0°to 360°. The receiving antennas shall be used with two different forms: bi-log antenna for 30 MHz to 1 GHz, horn antenna for above 1 GHz. And both of the two antenna forms should have two polarizations: Vertical and Horizontal. EUT shall be configured in continuous transmit mode (duty cycle = 100%) hence the test is considered to perform at worst emission state. Measurement bandwidth (RBW) for 30 MHz to 1000 MHz shall be set to 100 kHz. Measurement bandwidth (RBW) for 1 GHz to 18 GHz shall be set to 1 MHz. The following Figure 7-6 shows the block diagram of semi-anechoic chamber setup for radiated emissions below 1 GHz, where a biconical logarithmic-periodic antenna applies; and the following Figure 7-7 shows the block diagram of full anechoic chamber setup for radiated emissions above 1 GHz, where a double-ridged waveguide horn antenna applies. 0.8 m Reference Plane 1~4m Semi-Anechoic Chamber Biconical log-periodic antenna EMI Receiver 0~360° EUT 3 m Turntable Preamplifier Ground Plane Figure 7-6 Test configuration of radiated emissions below 1 GHz Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 31 Full Anechoic Chamber 0~360° EUT Turntable Double-Ridged Waveguide Horn 3 m EMI Receiver Preamplifier 0.8 m Reference Plane 1~4m Ground Plane Figure 7-7 Test configuration of radiated emissions above 1 GHz 7.6.3 Test Procedure Since radiated measurements require specialized test environment as specified in section 7.6.2 and usually only 3rd-party authorized test labs are qualified for these tests, it's difficult to perform pre-tests and rectifications in-house during product development without paying certain price. Then antenna-port conducted measurements may be used as an alternative to radiated measurements for determining compliance in the restricted frequency bands requirements. If antenna-port conducted measurements are performed, then proper impedance matching in antenna port must be ensured. The general procedure for conducted measurements in restricted bands is as follows: 1 Measure the conducted output power (in dBm) of spurious emissions using the detector specified in Table 7-9 respectively. 2 Add the maximum transmit antenna gain (in dBi) to the measured emission power level to determine the EIRP. 3 Add the appropriate maximum ground reflection factor to the EIRP (6 dB for frequencies 30 MHz; 4.7 dB for frequencies between 30 MHz and 1000 MHz, inclusive; and 0 dB for frequencies > 1000 MHz). 4 Convert the resultant EIRP to an equivalent electric field strength using the following relationship: E = EIRP - 20 log d + 104.8 where E is the electric field strength in dBV/m EIRP is the equivalent isotropically radiated power in dBm d is the specified measurement distance in m 5 Compare the resultant electric field strength level with the limit defined in Table 7-9. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 32 An additional consideration when performing conducted measurements of restricted-band emissions is that unwanted emissions radiating from the EUT cabinet/case, control circuits, power leads, or intermediate circuit elements will likely go undetected in a conducted measurement configuration. To address this concern, an additional radiated test shall be performed to ensure that emissions emanating from the EUT cabinet/case (rather than from the antenna port) also comply with the applicable limits. For these cabinet/case radiated spurious emission measurements, the EUT transmit antenna may be replaced with a termination matching the nominal impedance of the antenna. Procedures for performing radiated measurements are specified in ANSI C63.10. All detected emissions shall comply with the applicable requirements. 7.6.4 Test Equipment Settings Table 7-11 Spectrum analyzer settings of occupied bandwidth measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Span See frequency range defined in Table 7-9 RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz for below 1 GHz and 1 MHz for above 1 GHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) [3×RBW] Detector function See Table 7-9 & Table 7-10 for reference Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold 7.6.5 Explanation of Test Result Figure 7-8 Radiated emission test plot for 30 MHz to 1 GHz Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 33 Figure 7-9 Radiated emission test plot for above 1 GHz Figure 7-8 shows an example of radiated emission test employing quasi-peak detector below 1 GHz, and Figure 7-9 shows an example of radiated emission test employing average and peak detector above 1 GHz. Note that the pink trace indicates measurement using average detector as well as the green trace indicates measurement using peak detector in Figure 7-9. The final reading values are both given by field strength in units of dBV/m. Futhermore, if the peak-detected amplitude can be shown to comply with the average limit, then it is not necessary to perform a separate average-detected measurement. 7.7 Band Edge 7.7.1 Limit Requirement Band edge testing means the unwanted emissions shall be tested at the edge of operating frequency band when EUT is transmitting in the lowest or highest channel respectively, i.e., emissions measurement at 2400 MHz or 2483.5 MHz for Bluetooth devices. Table 7-12 Limit Requirement of Band edge testing Operating Emission frequency 1 MHz Integral interval Measurement Absolute Channel to be measured of band power bandwidth Limit (dBm) 2402 MHz 2480 MHz 2400 MHz 2483.5 MHz 2400 ±0.5 MHz 2483.5 ±0.5 MHz 100 kHz Po - 20 Note: Po indicates the desired output power level of fundamental emission in low/high channel. According to FCC section §15.247(d), in any 100 kHz measurement bandwidth outside the operating frequency band, the radio frequency power that is produced by the EUT shall be at least Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 34 20 dB below that in the same 100 kHz measurement bandwidth within the frequency band that contains the highest level of the desired power, based on either an RF conducted or a radiated measurement, provided the transmitter demonstrates compliance with the peak conducted power limits. The detailed requirements are given in Table 7-12 above. 7.7.2 Test Procedure 1. Measure the reference level of fundamental emission in lowest/highest channel, please refer to section 7.5.2.1 for test procedure and see Table 7-13 for instrument settings. 2. Measure unwanted emissions at or near the band edge (within 2 MHz of the authorized band), the following integration procedure shall be used: 1) Set center frequency to the frequency of the emission to be measured (must be within 2 MHz of the authorized band edge). 2) Set span to 2 MHz. 3) RBW = 100 kHz. 4) VBW [3 ×RBW]. 5) Detector = peak. 6) Sweep time = auto. 7) Trace mode = max hold. 8) Allow sweep to continue until the trace stabilizes. 9) Compute the power by integrating the spectrum over 1 MHz using the spectrum analyzer's band power measurement function with band limits set equal to the emission frequency (femission) ±0.5 MHz. 10) If the instrument does not have a band power function, then sum the amplitude levels (in power units) at 100 kHz intervals extending across the 1 MHz spectrum defined by femission ±0.5 MHz. See Table 7-14 for instrument settings when performing lower / upper band edge testing. 7.7.3 Test Equipment Settings Table 7-13 Spectrum analyzer settings of reference level measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2480 MHz Span 3 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 300 kHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 35 Table 7-14 Spectrum analyzer settings of band edge measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2400 / 2483.5 MHz Span 2 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 300 kHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold Measurement function Band power integral over 1 MHz (femission ±0.5 MHz) 7.7.4 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 7-10 shows an example graph of fundamental emission test in the lowest channel (2402 MHz) and the corresponding reference power level measured by instrument is 2.61 dBm. Thus, the absolute limit of lower band edge emission testing can be set to -17.39 dBm. The following Figure 7-11 shows band power by integrating the spectrum over 1 MHz interval. In Figure 7-11, the integral interval is set to the emission frequency ± 0.5 MHz and the final integral value is -37.54 dBm computed by spectrum analyzer's band power measurement function automatically. Note that the band power integrated within femission ± 0.5 MHz interval differs greatly from the direct measured power level at center frequency 2402 MHz where the reading value of marker M1 is -47.40 dBm on instrument display in Figure 7-11. Figure 7-10 Reference level of fundamental emission testing in low channel Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 36 Figure 7-11 Band power integral over 1 MHz relative to emission frequency 7.8 Power Spectral Density 7.8.1 Limit Requirement According to FCC section §15.247(e), the power spectral density conducted from the EUT to the antenna shall not be greater than 8 dBm in any 3 kHz measurement bandwidth during any time interval of continuous transmission. The same method of determining the conducted output power shall be used to determine the power spectral density. 7.8.2 Test Procedure The following procedure shall be used if maximum peak conducted output power was used to determine compliance: 1) Set center frequency to EUT channel center frequency. 2) Set the span to 1.5 times the DTS bandwidth. 3) Set the RBW to 3 kHz RBW 100 kHz. 4) Set the VBW [3 ×RBW]. 5) Detector = peak. 6) Sweep time = auto couple. 7) Trace mode = max hold. 8) Allow trace to fully stabilize. 9) Use the peak search marker function to determine the maximum amplitude level within the RBW. 10) If measured value exceeds requirement, then reduce RBW (but no less than 3 kHz) and repeat. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 37 7.8.3 Test Equipment Settings Table 7-15 Spectrum analyzer settings of PSD measurement Setting Parameters of SA Value Center Frequency 2402 / 2440 / 2480 MHz Span 1.5 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 3 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 10 kHz Detector mode Peak Sweep time Auto Trace mode Max Hold 7.8.4 Explanation of Test Result The following Figure 7-12 shows an example of power spectral density measurement using peak detector in middle channel (2440 MHz). The peak search function is used to find and mark the maximum peak amplitude level in test plot. Figure 7-12 Example test plot of power spectral density in mid channel Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 38 8 CE Conformance Test Guidance 8.1 Test Items and Requirements Table 8-1 Applicable Standards for CE Conformance Test No. Identity Document Title Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and using 1 ETSI EN 300 328 V2.1.1 wideband modulation techniques; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 1 GHz to 40 GHz frequency range; Harmonised Standard 2 ETSI EN 300 440 V2.1.1 covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU Table 8-2 Test Items and Requirements Channels for No. Items Limit requirements testing 1 RF Output Power EIRP 20dBm Low/Mid/High Power Spectral 2 Density 10 dBm/MHz Low/Mid/High lower and upper band Occupied Channel edge must be within 3 Low/High Bandwidth 2400~2483.5 MHz frequency band Transmitter unwanted 4 emissions in the See Figure 8-4 Low/High out-of-band domain Transmitter unwanted 5 emissions in the See Table 8-10 Low/High spurious domain Receiver spurious 6 emissions See Table 8-13 Low/High 7 Receiver Blocking See Table 8-14 Low/High Test Mode Continuous TX Continuous TX Continuous TX Continuous TX Continuous TX Receiver mode Receiver mode Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 39 8.2 EUT Configuration Unless otherwise specified, the measurements shall be performed using normal operation with EUT operating with the worst-case configuration (for example modulation, bandwidth, data rate, power, duty cycle) with regards to the requirement to be tested. For each of the requirements in the present document, this worst-case configuration shall be declared by the manufacturer and documented in the test report. Special software may be used to operate EUT in this mode. For example, there is a snapshot in one test report provided by 3rd party authorized lab in Figure 8-1 below, where special software that can operate EUT in worst transmission case must be declared. Figure 8-1 Example declaration of special software used in test report Regarding EUT embedded with Apollo series BLE MCUs, it can be configured to worst transmission state (i.e., continuous transmit mode) by sending HCI test commands via PC software or SSCOM32 tool defined in Table 8-3 below. For receiver parameter test, the command defined in Table 8-4 shall be used to configure EUT in receiver mode. Table 8-3 HCI test commands for transmission to achieve 100% duty cycle Packaged HCI Commands Hexadecimal Strings Description HCI_LE_TRANSMITTER_TEST (for Apollo3-Blue) 01 1e 20 03 xx 25 09 `09' indicates sending continuously modulated signal. HCI_EM_9304_TRANSMITTER_TEST 01 11 fc 04 01 xx 25 00 (for Apollo2-Blue) `01' indicates sending continuously modulated signal. Note: `xx' in hexadecimal strings above indicates channel to be tested. Table 8-4 HCI test command for receiver parametric test Packaged HCI Commands Hexadecimal Strings Description HCI_LE_RECEIVER_TEST 01 1d 20 01 xx Set EUT in direct RX test mode Note: `xx' in hexadecimal strings above indicates channel to be tested. 8.3 RF Output Power 8.3.1 Definition and Limit The RF output power is defined as the mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of the equipment during a transmission burst. The maximum RF output power for EUT shall be equal to or less than 20 dBm. This limit shall apply for any combination of power level and intended antenna assembly. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 40 8.3.2 Test Equipment Settings The measurements for RF output power shall be performed at both normal environmental conditions and at the extremes of the operating temperature range. The EUT shall be operated under its worst-case configuration (e.g., continuous transmit mode, 100% duty cycle as above) with regards to the requirement being tested. The measurement shall be performed at the lowest, the middle, and the highest channel on which the equipment can operate. Conducted measurement shall be used for RF output power and the EUT shall be connected to the spectrum analyzer via RF cable directly. This method assumes the spectrum analyser is equipped with the Time Domain Power option. Use the following settings and procedures for RF output power testing: Table 8-5 Spectrum analyzer settings for RF output power Measuring Parameter Value Center Frequency The center frequency of the channel under test Frequency Span Zero Span RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 3 MHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 3 MHz Detector mode Peak Trace mode Max Hold Sweep time Auto Trigger mode RF (trigger on rising edge) Note: the final EIRP = measuring conducted power level + EUT's antenna gain. 8.3.3 Explanation of Test Result Ref 10 dBm 10 0 1 AP * MAXH -10 * Att 20 dB RBW 3 MHz * VBW 3 MHz SWT 500 µs Marker 1 [T1 ] 1.85 dBm 268.000000 µs 1 A TRG -20 -30 -40 -50 3DB -60 -70 -80 -90 Center 2.445 GHz 50 µs/ Figure 8-2 Example test plot of RF output power at middle channel Date: 28.JULA.2m01b1iq1M0:i3c7r:o0,2Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 41 Figure 8-2 shows an example of spectrum on the screen when performing RF output power test at 2440 MHz with the method of time domain power function. The spectrum shape in Figure 8-2 is approximated equivalent to a square wave while the duty cycle of transmission is less than 100%. If continuous transmit mode is enabled, there will be a straight horizontal line appearing on spectrum analyzer's display. 8.4 Power Spectral Density 8.4.1 Definition and Limit The Power Spectral Density (PSD) is the mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) spectral density in a 1 MHz bandwidth during a transmission burst. For equipment using wide band modulations other than FHSS, the maximum Power Spectral Density is limited to 10 dBm/MHz. Note that the power spectral density is expressed by EIRP which shall take antenna gain into account. 8.4.2 Test Equipment Settings The measurement shall only be performed at normal test conditions and repeated for the EUT being configured to continuous transmission mode operating at the lowest, the middle, and the highest frequency of the stated frequency range. For the duration of each test, the equipment shall not change its operating frequency. The spectrum analyzer settings are shown in Table 8-6 below. Table 8-6 Spectrum analyzer settings for power spectral density Measuring Parameter Value Start Frequency 2400 MHz Stop Frequency 2483.5 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 10 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 30 kHz Detector mode RMS Trace mode Max Hold Sweep points > 8350 Sweep time 10 s 8.5 Occupied Channel Bandwidth 8.5.1 Definition and Limit The Occupied Channel Bandwidth is the bandwidth that contains 99 % of the power of the signal, also known as 99% power bandwidth. The Occupied Channel Bandwidth shall fall completely within the 2400~2483.5 MHz band whichever at lowest or highest channel, which means the lower band edge of it at the lowest frequency should be greater than 2400 MHz as well as the upper band edge of it at the highest frequency should be less than 2483.5 MHz. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 42 8.5.2 Test Procedure The measurement shall only be performed at normal test conditions and performed only on the lowest and the highest frequency within the stated frequency range. The conducted measurement procedure shall be as follows: 1) Connect the EUT to the spectrum analyzer and use the following settings in Table 8-7. Table 8-7 Spectrum analyzer settings for occupied channel bandwidth Measuring Parameter Value Center Frequency The center frequency of the channel under test Span 2 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 300 kHz Filter type Channel filter Detector mode RMS Trace mode Max Hold Sweep time 1 s 2) Wait for the trace to stabilize. Find the peak value of the trace and place the spectrum analyzer marker on this peak. 3) Use the 99% power bandwidth function of the spectrum analyser to measure the Occupied Channel Bandwidth of the EUT. Make sure that the power envelope is sufficiently above the noise floor of the analyser to avoid the noise signals left and right from the power envelope being taken into account by this measurement. 8.5.3 Explanation of Test Result Figure 8-3 Example test plot of occupied channel bandwidth at 2402 MHz Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 43 There is a typical GFSK spectrum on instrument display when performing conducted measurements at the lowest channel shown in Figure 8-3 above. The occupied channel bandwidth is determined and calculated by the lower and upper marker on the spectrum trace where 99% power bandwidth function was used. Note that the marker value of lower side is 2401.418 MHz and the related occupied channel bandwidth is 1.108 MHz in Figure 8-3. Thus, the lower band edge at the lowest frequency is greater than 2400 MHz and the test result can also be judged as compliance with requirement defined in clause 8.5.1. 8.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain 8.6.1 Definition and Limit Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain are emissions when the EUT is in transmit mode, on frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions. The transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain but outside the allocated band, shall not exceed the values provided by the mask in Figure 8-4. Within the 2.4 GHz ISM band, the Out-of-band emissions are fulfilled by compliance with the Occupied Channel Bandwidth requirement in clause 8.5. Figure 8-4 Transmit mask 8.6.2 Test Equipment Settings The measurement shall only be performed at the lowest and the highest channel on which the EUT can operate. In addition, the EUT shall be configured to operate under its worst case situation with respect to output power, which means EUT needs to be operating in continuous transmit mode with maximum output power level. For each frequency of the channel under test, e.g., 2402 MHz and 2480 MHz for BLE device, both of the lower and upper OOB domain should be tested. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 44 The applicable BW shall be set to the greater value between the measurement results from clause 8.5 and 1 MHz at respective channel under test. The out-of-band emissions within the different horizontal segments of the transmitter mask provided in Figure 8-4 shall be measured using the spectrum analyzer settings listed in Table 8-8 & Table 8-9 below. Table 8-8 Spectrum analyzer settings for lower OOB emissions Measuring Parameter Value Start Frequency 2400 2×BW MHz Stop Frequency 2400 MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 1 MHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 3 MHz Filter type Channel filter Detector mode RMS Trace mode Max Hold Sweep mode Continuous Sweep time Auto Sweep points 5000 Table 8-9 Spectrum analyzer settings for upper OOB emissions Measuring Parameter Value Start Frequency 2483.5 MHz Stop Frequency 2483.5 + 2×BW MHz RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 1 MHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 3 MHz Filter type Channel filter Detector mode RMS Trace mode Max Hold Sweep mode Continuous Sweep time Auto Sweep points 5000 8.6.3 Explanation of Test Result Figure 8-5 shows a typical example of out-of-band emissions testing at the highest frequency. Despite the operating frequency to be tested is located at 2480 MHz, the unwated emissions within lower out-of-band range should be evaluated as well. The same is for the lowest frequency of the channel under test. Note that the `BW' parameter given in Table 8-8 & Table 8-9 should be set as the greater value by comparing measurement result of occupied channel bandwidth individually with fixed 1 MHz. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 45 Figure 8-5 Example test plot of OOB emissions while operating at highest frequency 8.7 Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain 8.7.1 Definition and Limit Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain are emissions outside the allocated band and outside the out-of-band domain as indicated in Figure 8-4 when the EUT is in transmit mode. The transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain shall not exceed the values given in Table 8-10. In case of equipment with antenna connectors, these limits apply to emissions at the antenna port (conducted). For emissions radiated by the cabinet or emissions radiated by integral antenna equipment (without antenna connectors), these limits are e.r.p. for emissions up to 1 GHz and e.i.r.p. for emissions above 1 GHz. Table 8-10 Transmitter limits for spurious emissions Frequency range Maximum power Measurement bandwidth 30 ~ 47 MHz -36 dBm 100 kHz 47 ~ 74 MHz -54 dBm 100 kHz 74 ~ 87.5 MHz -36 dBm 100 kHz 87.5 ~ 118 MHz -54 dBm 100 kHz 118 ~ 174 MHz -36 dBm 100 kHz 174 ~ 230 MHz -54 dBm 100 kHz 230 ~ 470 MHz -36 dBm 100 kHz 470 ~ 862 MHz -54 dBm 100 kHz 862 MHz ~ 1 GHz -36 dBm 100 kHz 1 ~ 12.75 GHz -30 dBm 1 MHz 8.7.2 Test Equipment Settings Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 46 These measurements shall only be performed at normal test conditions and at the lowest and the highest channel where the EUT can operate. In addition, the EUT shall be configured to operate under its worst-case situation with respect to output power, which means EUT needs to be operating in continuous transmit mode with maximum output power level. In case of conducted measurements, the antenna port of EUT shall be connected to spectrum analyzer via RF cable directly. The spectrum analyzer settings are shown in Table 8-11 for emissions over the range 30 MHz to 1 GHz and Table 8-12 for emissions over the range 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz. Table 8-11 Spectrum analyzer settings for 30 MHz to 1 GHz band Measuring Parameter Value RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 100 kHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 300 kHz Filter type 3 dB (Gaussian) Detector mode Peak Trace mode Max Hold Sweep points 19400 Sweep time Auto Table 8-12 Spectrum analyzer settings for 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz band Measuring Parameter Value RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) 1 MHz VBW (Video Bandwidth) 3 MHz Filter type 3 dB (Gaussian) Detector mode Peak Trace mode Max Hold Sweep points 23500 Sweep time Auto Note: for spectrum analysers not supporting this high number of sweep points listed above, the frequency band may be segmented. Allow the trace to stabilize. Any emissions identified during the sweeps above that fall within the 6-dB range below the applicable limit or above, shall be individually measured using the time domain power method and compared to the limits given in Table 8-10. 8.8 Receiver spurious emissions 8.8.1 Definition and Limit Receiver spurious emissions are emissions at any frequency when the equipment is in receive mode. The spurious emissions of the receiver shall not exceed the values given in Table 8-13. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 47 In case of EUT with antenna connectors, these limits apply to emissions at the antenna port (conducted). For emissions radiated by the cabinet or emissions radiated by integral antenna equipment (without antenna connectors), these limits are e.r.p. for emissions up to 1 GHz and e.i.r.p. for emissions above 1 GHz. Table 8-13 Spurious emission limits for receiver Frequency range Maximum power Measurement bandwidth 30 MHz ~ 1 GHz -57 dBm 100 kHz 1 ~ 12.75 GHz -47 dBm 1 MHz 8.8.2 Test Equipment Settings Receiver spurious emissions testing shall be performed when the EUT is in a receive-only mode, the measurement shall be performed at the lowest and the highest channel on which the equipment can operate. Please refer to Table 8-11 and Table 8-12 in clause 8.7.2 for spectrum analyzer settings. Wait for the trace to stabilize. Any emissions identified during the sweeps above and that fall within the 6-dB range below the applicable limit or above, shall be individually measured using the time domain power method and compared to the limits given in Table 8-13 8.9 Receiver Blocking 8.9.1 Definition and Limit Receiver blocking is a measure of the ability of the equipment to receive a wanted signal on its operating channel without exceeding a given degradation in the presence of an unwanted signal (blocking signal) on frequencies other than those of the operating band 2400~2483.5 MHz. The minimum performance criterion shall be a PER less than or equal to 10%. While maintaining the minimum performance criteria as defined above, the blocking levels at specified frequency offsets shall be equal to or greater than the limits defined for EUT with BLE function provided in following Table 8-14. Table 8-14 Receiver Blocking parameters for BLE equipments Wanted signal power (dBm) Blocking signal frequency (MHz) Blocking signal power (dBm) Type of blocking signal Pmin + 6 dB 2380 2503.5 -57 Continuous Carrier Wave Pmin + 6 dB 2300 2583.5 -47 Continuous Carrier Wave NOTE 1: Pmin is the minimum level of the wanted signal (in dBm) required to meet the minimum performance criteria (PER10%) as defined above in the absence of any blocking signal. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 48 NOTE 2: The power levels specified are levels in front of the EUT's antenna. In case of conducted measurements, the levels have to be corrected by the actual antenna gain. 8.9.2 Test Set-up Receiver blocking measurements shall only be performed at normal test conditions. For EUT with BLE function, having more than one operating channel, the EUT shall be tested operating at both the lowest and highest operating channels. Figure 8-6 shows the test set-up which can be used for performing conducted receiver blocking test. Step size 1 dB Running Test Software Host Computer Wanted Signal Generator Blocking Signal Generator Variable Attenuator 1 Power Combiner 2 Directional Coupler EUT Spectrum Analyzer Figure 8-6 Test set-up for receiver blocking measurements Optional 8.9.3 Test Procedure The procedure below shall be used to verify the receiver blocking requirement: 1) Set EUT to the lowest operating channel by test software installed in computer. 2) The blocking signal generator is set to the first frequency as defined in Table 8-14. 3) With the blocking signal generator switched off, a communication link is established between EUT and wanted signal generator using the test setup shown in Figure 8-6. The attenuation of the variable attenuator shall be increased in 1 dB steps to a value at PER10% as specified in clause 8.9.1 is still met. The resulting level for the wanted signal at the input of EUT is Pmin. Then this signal level (Pmin) is increased by 6 dBm. 4) The blocking signal at the EUT antenna port is set to the level provided in Table 8-14. It shall be verified and recorded in the test report that the performance criteria (PER10%) as specified in clause 8.9.1 is met. 5) Repeat step 4) for each remaining combination of frequency and level for the blocking signal as provided in Table 8-14. Ambiq Micro, Inc. Proprietary & Confidential 49Microsoft Word 2016