Crown Audio - Professional Power Amplifiers | English (US)
User Manual for crown models including: Pulse2x1100 Professional Power Amplifier, Pulse2x1100, Professional Power Amplifier, Power Amplifier, Amplifier
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Crown & JBL Manuals / Spec Sheets - AE Techron
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DocumentDocumentProf essional Power Amplif ier User Manual Cont e nt s Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 0 Introduction & Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 0 Mechanical Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3. 0 AC Power Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. 0 Audio Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Input s ............................................................................................................. 7 Out put s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 St ereo operat ion ............................................................................................................ 8 Bridge mono operat ion .................................................................................................... 8 5. 0 Control operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 a. Power Swit ch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 b. Level cont rols 1 and 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 c. Bridge swit ch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. 0 Indicators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 A. AC Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 B. Operat e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 C. Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 D. Temp 1&2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 E. Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 F. Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 G. Bridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7. 0 Typical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 a. Two channel (st ereo) operat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 b. Two amplif iers used in bridge mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 c. Two amplif iers f or st ereo wit h a mono sub-bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 d. Calculat ing Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8. 0 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 9. 0 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 10. 0 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 St at us Indicat ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 11. 0 Service & Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2 Sa f e t y I n f o r m a t i o n Import ant Safet y Inst ruct ions 1) Read t hese inst ruct ions. 2) Keep t hese inst ruct ions. 3) Heed all warnings. 4) Follow all inst ruct ions. 5) Do not use t his apparat us near wat er. 6) Clean only wit h a dry clot h. 7) Do not bl ock any vent i l at i on openi ngs. Inst al l i n accordance wit h t he manufact urer's inst ruct ions. 8) Do not inst all near any heat sources such as radiat ors, heat regist ers, st oves, or ot her apparat us t hat produce heat . 9) Do not def eat t he saf et y purpose of t he polarized or grounding-t ype plug. A polarized plug has t wo blades wit h one wider t han t he ot her. A grounding-t ype plug has t wo blades and a t hird grounding prong. The wide blade or t he t hird prong is provided f or your saf et y. If t he provided plug does not f it int o your out let , consult an elect rician for replacement of t he obsolet e out let . 10) Prot ect t he power cord from being walked on or pinched, part icularly at plugs, convenience recept acles, and t he point where t hey exit from t he apparat us. 11) Only use at t achment s/ accessories specif ied by t he manufact urer. 12) Use only wit h a cart , st and, bracket , or t able specif ied by t he manufact urer, or sold wit h t he apparat us. When a car t i s used, use caut i on when movi ng t he car t / apparat us combinat ion t o avoid inj ury f rom t ip-over. 13) Unplug t his apparat us during light ning st orms or when unused f or long periods of t ime. 14) Ref er al l ser vi ci ng t o qual i f i ed ser vi ce per sonnel . Servicing is required when t he apparat us has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or obj ect s have f allen int o t he apparat us, t he apparat us has been exposed t o rain or moist ure, does not operat e normally, or has been dropped. DO NOT REMOVE COVERS. NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. THIS EQUIPMENT MUST BE GROUNDED. IT SHOULD NOT BE NECESSARY TO REMOVE ANY PROTECTIVE GROUND OR SIGNAL CABLE SHIELD CONNECTIONSTO PREVENT GROUND LOOPS. ANY SUCH DISCONNECTIONSARE OUTSIDE THE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE OF CROWN AND WILL RENDER ANY EMC OR SAFETY CERTIFICATION VOID. For cont inued compliance wit h int ernat ional EMC legislat ion ensure t hat all input cables are wired wit h t he cable screen connect ed t o Pin 1 of t he XLR connect ors and/ or t he j ack plug sl eeve. WARNING! This equipment can creat e high sound levels. Exposure without adequate protection could cause permanent damage to hearing. This equipment has been t est ed and f ound t o comply wit h t he f ollowing European and int ernat ional St andards f or Elect romagnet ic Compat ibilit y and Elect rical Saf et y: Radiat ed Emissions RF Immunit y Mains Dist urbance Elect rical Saf et y Radiat ed Emissions (EU): (EU): (EU): (EU): (USA): EN55013 (1990) EN50082/ 1 (1992) EN61000/ 3/ 2 (1995) EN60065 (1993) FCC part 15 Class B Associat ed Equipment RF Immunit y, Fast Transient s & ESD 3 1.0 Introduction & Unpacking Fr ont panel Rear panel Int r oduct ion The PULSE series of amplif iers are high perf ormance prof essional power amplif iers capable of delivering maj or power out put f rom a new generat ion of swit ched mode power supplies. All Pulse series amplif iers are housed in t he same size 2U cases and f eat ure light , powerf ul swit ching power supplies along wit h massive heat sinks and t wo dual-speed cooling f ans. Microprocessor supervision of t he power supplies, prot ect ion and t hermal syst ems, ensures t hat t he amplif ier is always operat ing correct ly t hereby prot ect ing bot h t he amplif ier and your speakers f rom f ailure. We set out t o design an amplif ier t hat is as equally at home in live t ouring sound environment s as it is f or inst allat ion amplif icat ion. We especially want ed t o produce amplif iers t hat are capable of maint aining excellent perf ormance when being driven t o t heir limit wit h real loudspeaker loads. Sonic perf ormance is always in t he f oref ront of our minds and t o t his end t he PULSE series represent s t he pinnacle of many years work wit h prof essional amplif iers. PULSE amplif iers have impeccable t echnical specif icat ions, and ext ensive list ening t est s by many people wit h a wide variet y of loudspeakers leads us t o believe t hat t hey sound pret t y good t oo! Unpacking As part of t he Crown syst em of qualit y cont rol, we check every product caref ully bef ore packing t o ensure t hat it reaches you in f lawless condit ion. Bef ore you go any f urt her, please check t he unit f or any physical damage and ret ain t he shipping cart on and all relevant packing mat erials f or use, should t he unit need ret urning. In t he event t hat damage has occurred, please not if y your dealer immediat ely, so t hat a writ t en claim t o cover t he damages can be init iat ed. Check out t he Service and Warrant y sect ion f or more inf ormat ion. 4 2.0 Me ch a n i ca l I n st a l l a t i on A vert ical rack space of 2U (88mm high) is required, wit h an in rack dept h of 18. 1 inches (460mm). The amplif ier prot rudes 1. 6 inches (40mm) f rom t he rack support s. Mount ing & unit dimensions If t he unit is likely t o undergo ext reme vibrat ion t hrough t rucking and t ouring, f ront rack ear reinf orcement bracket s and rear mount ing plat es must be f it t ed. These are available f rom your dealer. Damage caused by insuf f icient support is not covered by t he warrant y. To prevent damage t o t he f ront panel f inish, always use prot ect ive plast ic cups or washers underneat h t he rack mount ing bolt s. Vent ilat ion gaps bet ween unit s are not required, however care must be t aken t o ensure t hat an unobst ruct ed f ree f low of clean air is possible f rom t he back of t he unit t o t he f ront . It is import ant t hat neit her t he rear air int akes or f ront exhaust grilles are covered. The int ernal airf low of all PULSE amplif iers is designed t o minimize cont aminat ion of t he elect ronics by t he cooling air so f an f ilt ers will not normally be required. If however, t he amplif ier is t o be used in an environment where t he int ake air might be excessively dirt y, opt ional ext ernal f an f ilt ers should be purchased f rom your dealer. Fan f ilt ers should NOT be f it t ed unless t here is likely t o be a problem as t hey require regular cleaning t o st op t hem get t ing clogged. Clogged f an f ilt ers will result in t he amplif ier going int o premat ure t emperat ure prot ect . PLEASE NOTE: Users must ensure t hat glycol based smoke and relat ed subst ances are not allowed t o ent er t he amplif ier (f an f ilt ers will not help). Glycol based smoke is HIGHLY corrosive and prolonged exposure will cause irreparable damage t o your amplif ier. Do not expose t he amplif ier t o rain or moist ure during eit her operat ion or st orage. If t he unit does come int o cont act wit h moist ure, remove t he AC power cord immediat ely and leave it in a suit ably dry, warm place t o dry out . Be aware t hat when any equipment is t aken f rom a cold locat ion int o a hot humid one, condensat ion may occur inside. Always allow t ime f or t he equipment t o at t ain t he same t emperat ure as it s environment bef ore applying t he AC power cord. 5 3.0 AC Pow e r Con n e ct i on WARNING! THISAPPLIANCE MUST BE GROUNDED. The amplif ier must always be connect ed t o a 3-wire grounded AC out let . The rack f ramework must also be connect ed t o t he same grounding circuit . The unit must NOT be operat ed unless t he power cables' ground wire is properly t erminat ed - t his is import ant f or personal saf et y as well as f or proper cont rol over t he syst em grounding. The wires in t he power lead are color coded as f ollows: Green and Yellow. . . . . . Ground Blue. . . . . . Neut ral Brown. . . . . . Live/ Hot IMPORTANT: The PULSE 2x1100 is designed t o use 50/ 60Hz AC power. Accept able AC input supply volt age ranges f rom 180V t o 265V The applicat ion of volt ages above t hose specif ied may cause permanent damage t hat is not covered by your warrant y. Lower volt ages may cause errat ic operat ion. Not e t hat alt hough t he amplif ier will operat e correct ly down t o t he volt ages indicat ed, t he quot ed out put power will only be achieved wit h t he st at ed nominal volt ages. IMPORTANT : The AC power f use carrier on t he rear of t he unit must be f it t ed wit h t he correct t ype and rat ing of f use, in t his case T10A. In t he unlikely event of t he AC f use f ailing wit hout good reason, disconnect t he unit from t he power supply, and always replace wit h t he appropriat ely rat ed f use (as specif ied above) f or cont inued prot ect ion against damage and f ire. 6 4.0 Audi o Conne ct i ons Input s For each channel, t here is a 1/ 4" phone j ack socket , male & f emale XLR and pluggable removable t erminal block connect ors provided f or signal input on t he rear panel of t he amplif ier. Each is elect ronically balanced at an impedance great er t han 10k ohms. The removable t erminal block, phone j ack and bot h XLR connect ors are int ernally wired in parallel, and t heref ore any socket may be used f or t he input signal. The connect ors not used in t his manner f unct ion as loop-t hrough connect ors f or daisy chaining a number of channels. The ` HOT, + or in phase' connect ion f or t he removable t erminal block is t o pin 2 of t he XLRs and t he TIP of t he phone j ack. The ` COLD, -, or out of phase' connect ion f or t he removable t erminal block is t o pin 3 of t he XLRs and t he phone j ack RING. The removable t erminal block eart h symbol pin, pin 1 of t he XLR's and t he phone j ack SLEEVE are int ernally connect ed t o t he chassis. The screen of t he input cable should always be connect ed t o one of t hese point s t o ensure t hat EMC regulat ions are met . The cable shield ground should also be connect ed t o t he equipment which is providing t he input signal. balanced wir ing t o pulse XLR balanced wiring t o pulse phone j ack When f eeding t he PULSE 2x1100 f rom unbalanced sources, connect t he signal conduct or t o t he + pin of t he removable t erminal block, pin 2 of t he XLR or t he phone j ack TIP, wit h t he cable screen going t o pins - and ground of t he removable t erminal block, 1 and 3 of t he XLRs or t he SLEEVE and RING of t he phone j ack. Unbalanced wir ing t o pulse XLR Unbalanced wiring t o pulse phone j ack For bridge mode operat ion, channel 1 is used as t he input signal f or t he amplif ier. The channel 2 input is ignored when bridge mode is enabl ed. 7 Au d i o Con n e ct i on s. . . Out put s Bot h binding post and Speakon® connect ors are provided f or each channel, t hese are int ernally wired in parallel so eit her or bot h may be used. Not e t hat it is possible t o lever t he caps out of t he ends of t he binding post s t o insert 4mm banana t ype plugs but t his will invalidat e t he product saf et y approvals in some t errit ories. The si de ent r y posi t i ons f or t hese connect or s shoul d t heref ore be used if possible. St er eo wir ing St ereo operat ion If you are using t he binding post s, f or non bridged operat ion t he loudspeakers should be connect ed bet ween t he RED and BLACK bi ndi ng post t er mi nal s or t he Speakon® 1+ & 1- pins. The ampl if ier wil l be noninvert ing wit h respect t o t he RED t erminal and 1+ Speakon® pin. More t han one speaker can be connect ed t o each channel as long as t he t ot al impedance per channel is not less t hat 2 ohms. See sect ion 7. 0d of t his manual f or more inf ormat ion about how t o calculat e impedance. 1+ 1- 1- 1+ Br idge wir ing Do NOT connect 1- 1+ Do NOT connect Bridge mono operat ion To use t he amplif ier in bridge mode, f or binding post connect ion, t he speakers must be connect ed bet ween t w o RED t er m i nal s l eavi ng t he BLACK t er m i nal s unconnect ed. In bridge mode t he ampl if ier is noninvert ing relat ive t o t he 1+ pin of t he Speakon® connect or and t he channel 1 RED binding post . If t he Speakon® connect or i s used, sw i t chi ng t he amplif ier in t o bridge aut omat ically t akes care of t he Speakon® wiring f or you. Theref ore t he loudspeaker connect or is WIRED THE SAME WAY AS FOR NON BRIDGE MODE, i . e. bet w een 1+ and 1-. Thi s si gni f i cant l y simplif ies t he speaker wiring enabling t he same leads t o be used f or bridged and non-bridged modes. Channel 1 out put carries t he bridged signal. During bridge mode operat ion no connect or should be insert ed int o t he channel 2 out put . More t han one speaker can be connect ed t o t he bridged pair of channels as long as t he t ot al impedance is not less t hat 4 ohms. See sect ion 7. 0d of t his manual f or more inf ormat ion about how t o calculat e impedance. 8 5.0 Cont r ol ope rat i on a. Power Switch Pressing t his swit ch so t hat t he whit e dot is closest t o t he f ront panel signals t o t he microprocessor t hat t he user wishes t o t urn on t he power supply. Not e t hat t he microprocessor will only swit ch t he power supply on once it has assured t hat t here are no int ernal f ault s. From t he f irst applicat ion of AC power it t akes approximat ely 7 seconds t o complet e t hese t est s. During t he t est t ime t he microprocessor will f lash bot h t he TEMP light s and t he FAULT light once a second. If t he amplif ier has already complet ed t hese t est s, t hen when t he swit ch is pressed, power up will occur wit hin 1 second. While t he power up sequence is being complet ed all amplif iers channels are mut ed. b. Level controls 1 and 2 These cont rols allow t he user t o change t he sensit ivit y, or t he level required t o drive each channel of t he amplif ier int o clip, f rom approximat ely +90dBu wit h t he cont rols f ully count er clockwise, t o +1dBu wit h t he cont rols f ull clockwise. +1dBu equals approximat ely 870mV RMSand t his level will be j ust suf f icient wit h a 4 Ohm load and nominal AC volt age t o drive t he amplif ier int o clip. If t he amplif ier is operat ed in bridge mode, use t he channel 1 level cont rol only, t he channel 2 cont rol has no ef f ect . Supplied wit h each PULSE amplif ier are special blanking plugs t hat may be f it t ed af t er t he cont rol knobs have been pulled of f t hus allowing t he levels t o be set and t hen made t amper proof . c. Bridge switch Locat ed on t he rear panel, t his swit ch enables bridge mode operat ion. Act ivat ion of t his swit ch is indicat ed by t he Bridge indicat or on t he f ront panel. When t he amplif ier is operat ed in bridge mode, t he power available doubles allowing larger speakers t o be driven. Two t hings must be kept in mind when bridge mode is used, namely t he minimum impedance t hat can be driven increases f rom 2 ohms t o 4 ohms and if binding post out put s are used, t he speaker wiring must be changed as described in t he Audio Connect ions sect ion of t his manual. 9 6.0 Indicat or s A. AC Present This light glows when AC power is applied t o t he amplif ier, whet her or not t he amplif ier is act ually running. This light will st ill glow even if t he rear panel f use is blown because it is powered f rom t he separat e, int ernally f used supply t hat powers t he microprocessor. B. Operate Illuminat ed when t he main power supply is swit ched on using t he f ront panel swit ch. C. Fault If , f or any reason, t he microprocessor det ect s a problem t hen t his light comes on. If it is not f lashing t he problem is wit h one or more of t he amplif ier channels. If it f lashes, t he processor has been unable t o st art t he main power supply; t his may be because t he power supply has become t oo hot , or because t he rear panel f use has f ailed. If let t ing t he amplif ier cool and/ or replacing t he f use does not clear t he problem, t he amplif ier must be ret urned t o an aut horized service cent er f or repair. Under some circumst ances, t he Faul t light might f lash wit h a period of about 3 seconds along wit h t he Power light and various clicking noises. This is because t he processor is t rying t o power up t he amplif ier but is det ect ing an error, abort ing, and t hen ret rying. This may eit her cont inue indef init ely (f or example a short ed out put in bridge mode) or st op af t er a number of at t empt s. D. Temp 1&2 These light s come on if t he microprocessor det ect s t hat t he corresponding channel's heat sink has exceeded t he maximum allowed t emperat ure. If t he light is on, t hat channel will have been mut ed. Once t he heat sink has cooled, normal operat ion will resume. This cycling will be allowed t o cont inue indef init ely. During normal t o heavy use, t he subst ant ial heat sinks used in PULSE amplif iers should ensure t hat t hese light s never come on, however if t he f ront air int akes, rear air exhaust s or any f an f ilt ers f it t ed become blocked an over t emperat ure condit ion may occur. E. Signal This indicat or light s when a signal exceeding approximat ely -26dBu is applied t o a channel. In bridge mode only t he light f or channel 1 operat es. 10 I n d i ca t or s. . . F. Clip This light is in f act rat her more sophist icat ed t han a simple clip indicat or; it act ually measures dist ort ion. This may occur eit her due t o clipping, t rying t o drive t oo low an impedance speaker load or any ot her mechanism t hat causes t he out put of t he amplif ier channel t o not be as expect ed by t he monit oring circuit . Not e t hat if t he amplif ier channel is mut ed by t he microprocessor and a signal is applied, t he clip light will come on. G. Bridge If t his light is on it indicat es t hat t he amplif ier has been conf igured f or bridge mode operat ion by t he rear panel swit ch. 11 7.0 Typical applicat ions a. Two channel (stereo) operation In t his example, each channel of t he PULSE 2x1100 is being used independent ly. For t his applicat ion, ensure t hat t he rear panel BRIDGE swit ches are in t he NORMAL posit ion. More t han one speaker may be used on each channel as long as t he t ot al impedance is not less t han 2 ohms. See sect ion d f or more inf ormat ion about how t o calculat e impedance. L1 St er eo R2 1 2 f or example - bot h speakers up t o 1100W 4 ohms b. Two amplifiers used in bridge mode Here one amplif ier is being used per channel. As t he amplif iers are being operat ed in bridge mode, each is capable of delivering well over 3000W int o 4 ohms or 2200W int o 8 ohms. More t han one speaker may be used on each amplif ier as long as t he t ot al impedance is not less t hat 4 ohms. See sect ion d f or inf ormat ion about how t o calculat e impedance. L1 R 1 Br i dge 1 Br i dge 1 f or example - bot h speakers up t o 2200W 8 ohms 12 Ty p i ca l a p p l i ca t i on s. . . c. Two amplifiers for stereo with a mono sub-bass Here Two amplif iers are used wit h an act ive crossover t o provide a separat e sub-bass signal. LR 2 1 St er eo Br i dge 2 1 2 1 Sub speaker - 2200W 8 ohms main (mid-high) speaker s - 1100W 4 ohms d. Calculating Impedance Measured in ohms, impedance is a measure of AC resist ance. Loudspeakers generally come in 16, 8 or 4 ohm variet ies. Amplif iers have a lower limit t o what impedance t hey can drive wit hout being overloaded, t here is not usually an upper limit . The PULSE 2x1100 can drive any impedance bet ween an open circuit and 2 ohms when in st ereo and bet ween an open circuit and 4 ohms when bridged. When more t han 1 speaker is used, it is easy t o calculat e t he t ot al impedance but remember t hat unless you are sure you know what you are doing, all t he speakers should be t he same impedance. If t he speakers are wired in series, j ust add t heir impedances t oget her. If t hey are in parallel t here is a simple rule: t wo impedances t he same will equal half t he individual impedance, f or example 8 & 8 = 4 or t o t ake t his f urt her, f our 8 ohm drivers = 2 ohms (8 & 8 = 4 . . . . . 8 & 8 = 4 . . . . . 4 & 4 = 2). 13 8.0 Gl ossa r y In this section many of the terms used throughout this manual are explained in more detail. Act ive Act ive elect ronic circuit s are t hose which are capable of volt age and power gain by using t ransist ors and int egrat ed circuit s. Amplit ude Ref ers t o t he volt age level or int ensit y of a signal, and is usually measured in volt s or decibels. Balanced A t hree wire connect ion in which t wo of t he wires carry t he signal inf ormat ion, t he t hird act s as a shield t ied t o chassis ground. The t wo signal lines are of opposit e polarit y (out of phase by 180 degrees) at any given moment in t ime, and are of equal pot ent ial wit h respect t o ground. Balanced connect ions are used t o help rej ect induced hum and noise in syst em int erconnect ions. Binding Post A t ype of connect or t hat maybe used f or eit her a bare wire or a wire t erminat ed in a 4mm plug. Bridge Mode This applies t o a met hod of combining t wo power amplif ier channels t o make one channel capable of providing approximat ely t wice t he power int o a single load. This load must be connect ed across t he t wo posit ive channel out put s. Clip or Clipping The t erm used t o describe an overdrive condit ion in a piece of equipment . A clipped signal is dist ort ed and will sound harsh. Applying a heavily clipped signal t o a loudspeaker, whilst not unduly af f ect ing t he amplif ier, may cause speaker damage. dB A unit f or expressing t he rat io bet ween t wo signal levels f or comparison purposes. On it s own it has no absolut e level meaning. Rat her, it is a logarit hmic rat io used t o express t he dif f erences bet ween t wo amount s or levels. Posit ive numbers indicat e an increase, and negat ive ones a decrease. Some usef ul rat ios are: +3dB = Doubl e Power +6dB = x 2 Volt age or x 4 Power +10dB = x 3 Volt age or x 10 Power +20dB = x 10 Volt age or x 100 Power dBm The addit ion of ` m' af t er dB indicat es an absolut e scaling f or t he dB rat io. Inst ead of a rat io, t he dB becomes a measure of volt age. 0dBm = a power level of 1 milliwat t int o a load of 600 ohms. It is also loosely used t o describe signal volt age in 600 ohm circuit s. 14 Gl ossa r y. . . dBu or dBv The addit ion of a lower case " u" or " v" af t er dB indicat es an absolut e scaling f or t he dB rat io. 0dBu (or 0 dBv) = 778mV or 0. 778 Volt s, and it has no regard f or power or impedance. This t erm is widely used f or expressing signal volt ages in modern audio equipment wit h high input impedances and low out put impedances. For dBv t he same scale is used as f or dBu above, except t hat 0dBV = 1. 0 Volt s. Dist or t ion Any modif icat ion of a signal which produces new f requency component s not present in t he original. Harmonic dist ort ion ref ers t o added f requencies t hat are overt ones t o t he f undament al f requency. Int ermodulat ion dist ort ion ref ers t o added f requencies t hat are sum and dif f erence values derived f rom t he beat ing t oget her of t wo f requencies. Frequency The repet it ion of a wavef orm. The unit of f requency is Hz, and 1 cycle per second is equal t o 1Hz. The audio band is generally rest rict ed t o f requencies of 20Hz t o 20, 000Hz (20kHz). Frequency Response The equipment 's relat ive gain compared t o f requency. Generally expressed as +/ - a cert ain number of dBs f rom 20Hz t o 20kHz. Impedance The AC equivalent of resist ance and measured in ohms. It indicat es t he amount of drive required f or an input , or t he drive capabilit y of an out put , at a given signal level. Level The amplit ude of a signal, measured in Volt s or Decibels. Line Level Generally indicat es a signal whose level is bet ween -10 and +10dBu or -14 t o +6 dBV. Mic level ref ers t o levels around -40dBu. Noise The t erm given t o any signals appearing at t he out put of a piece of equipment when no input signal is applied. Most commonly, noise t akes t he f orm of hum, buzz or hiss. Octave A logarit hmic unit f or expressing f requency rat ios. Posit ive values indicat e an increase and negat ive ones a decrease. One oct ave ` up' t he scale is equivalent t o double t he f requency. One oct ave ` down' is equivalent t o half t he f requency. 15 Gl o ssa r y. . . Removable terminal block One of t he names given t o a pluggable t erminal block suit able f or use wit h audio where connect ion t o permanent wiring makes t heir use more suit able t han XLR or Jack connect ors. Transient A sudden burst of energy in an audio signal which only last s f or a small period of t ime relat ive t o t he rest of t he signal. The level of t hese t ransient s can of t en reach 10 t imes (+20dB) or so above t he normal operat ing level of t he audio equipment , and may cause dist ort ion if headroom is inadequat e. Speakon® A t ype of connect or, manuf act ured by Neut rik wit h eit her 2, 4 or 8 pole connect ors, specif ically designed f or connect ing speakers t o amplif iers. PULSE amplif iers and t he maj orit y of loudspeakers use t he 4 pole t ype. XLR A t ype of connect or used by audio prof essionals f or connect ing audio line, or microphone level signals t o equipment . Usually t hree pole. Not e t hat some XLRs may be carrying AES/ EBU digit al signals and t hese should not be plugged int o audio channels. 16 9.0 Sp e c i f i c a t i o n s Power Ratings Pulse 2x1100 St ereo Measured per channel, bot h channels driven at 1kHz t o no more t han 0. 1%THD+N 8 ohms 700W rms 4 ohms 1100W rms 2 ohms 1500W rms* * Not e: 2 Ohm spec is at 1%THD Bridged Mono 16 ohms 1200W rms 8 ohms 2200W rms 4 ohms 3000W rms* * Not e: 4 Ohm bridged spec is at 1%THD Input Sensitivity Input Impedance Input Connectors Dist or t ion Frequency Response Cont r ols Indicat or s Pr ot e ct ion Noise Slew Rate Damping Factor Output Connectors AC Power Dimensions Weight +1dBu f or f ull out put 20 kohm 1/ 4-inch TRSbalanced phone j ack, removable t erminal block, male and f emale XLR <0. 008%THD, 1kHz, 1dB below clip, 22kHz measurement bandwidt h 20Hz to 20kHz, +0/ -0. 2dB; <2Hz t o >120kHz +0/ -3dB Power swit ch, bridge mode swit ch, indent ed level cont rols (t hese may be made t amper-proof ) AC Present , Operat e, Signal, Bridge, Clip, Temp. , Fault Microprocessor supervised: Over-t emperat ure, DC on out put s, out put st age overload, inrush current surge, power f ail and brownout <-100dB ref f ull out put 20Hz - 20kHz measurement bandwidt h >50 V/ microsecond >200 ref 8 ohm Binding post and Speakon® 230 volts AC nominal, 3000VA, all channels driven 3.5" (89mm) x 18.2" (460mm) x 19" (483mm) 24lbs (11kg) 17 10.0 Ch e ck l i st Tr ou b l e sh oot i n g Problem: Check: No output Are t he AC Present and Operate light s on? Are t he Fault & Temp light s of f ? Are t he Signal light s on? Are t he level cont rols t urned up? Are t he speakers properl y connect ed?(in part icular check t hat older st yle ` ring lock' t ype Speakons are rot at ed in t he socket ). Problem: Check: Distorted sound Are t he Clip light s on? Is any equipment bef ore t he amp being over driven? Are any speaker cables short ed? Are t he loudspeakers t oo low an impedance? Are t he input cables wired correct ly? Problem: Hum or buzzing Check: Is t he amp properly grounded? Are t he input cables shielded? Are t he input connect ors properly wired? Are you using an unbalanced input ? Does t he noise st op if t he equipment driving t he amp is swit ched of f ? 18 Tr ou b l e sh oot i n g. . . Status Indication There is a microprocessor inside each PULSE amplif ier responsible f or monit oring all crit ical syst ems. The st at us of which are displayed on t he f ront panel light s. Their indicat ion is as f ollows: Fault and both Temp lights flashing The amplif ier has j ust been plugged in and t he microprocessor is carrying out a t est sequence. This is normal and will st op af t er about 7 seconds. Power light on, Operate light off, Fault light on & flashing The microprocessor has been unable t o st art t he main power supply. If t he condit ion persist s f or more t han 1 hour wit hout an input signal, check t he rear panel f use. If t he f use is blown and a replacement also f ails (or t he f ault persist s), ret urn t he amplif ier t o an aut horized service cent er. Inf ormat ion is in t he warrant y sect ion. Power light on, Operate light off, Fault light on (not flashing) (The Operat e and Fault light may be f lashing very slowly accompanied by int ernal clicking). A f ault has been det ect ed wit h one or more of t he amplif ier channels and t he processor has shut down t he power supply t o prot ect bot h t he amplif ier and your speakers. Depending on t he f ault it may t ry t o resume operat ion again indef init ely, or give up af t er a number of at t empt s. If af t er disconnect ing all input and out put leads and swit ching t he amplif ier of f and on again (t o reset it ), t he condit ion persist s, ret urn t he amplif ier t o an aut horized service cent er. Inf ormat ion is given in t he warrant y sect ion. Power light on, Operate light on, Fault light on, Temp light on One or bot h of t he heat sinks have exceeded t heir maximum t emperat ure. When in t his condit ion, t he channel associat ed wit h each Temp light will be mut ed unt il t he t emperat ure has f allen t o a saf e level. Normal operat ion will t hen aut omat ically resume. The most likely causes of an over-t emperat ure condit ion are blocked rear air int ake, obst ruct ed f ront air exhaust s or, if f it t ed, clogged f an f ilt ers. 19 11.0 Crown amplif iers are qualit y unit s t hat rarely require servicing. Bef ore ret urning your unit f or servicing, please cont act Crown Technical Support t o verif y t he need f or servicing. This unit has very sophist icat ed circuit ry which should only be serviced by an aut horized Crown Service Cent er.. This is one reason why each unit bears t he f ollowing label: CAUTION: To prevent electric shock, do not remove covers. No user serviceable par t s inside . Re f e r se r vicing t o a qualified technician. Se r v i c e & Wa r r a n t y pol yuret hane or wooden crat es, any ot her packi ng mat er i al wi l l not be suf f i ci ent t o wit hst and t he st ress of shipping. Do not use loose, small size packing materials. 3. Do not ship t he unit in any kind of cabinet (wood or met al). Ignoring t his warning may result in ext ensive damage t o t he unit and t he cabinet . Accessories are not needed--do not send t he product document at ion, cables and ot her hardware. Worldwide Service Service may be obt ained f rom an aut horized service cent er. Cont act your local Crown/ Amcron dist ribut or or our of f ice f or a list of aut horized service cent ers. To obt ain service, simply present t he receipt as proof of purchase along wit h t he defect ive unit t o an aut horized s dist ribut or. They will handle t he necessary paperwork and repair. Remember t o t ransport your unit in t he original fact ory pack. If you have any quest ions, please call or writ e t he Crown Technical Support Group. Crown Audio Customer Service Technical Support / Fact ory Service Plant 2 SW, 1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart , Indiana 46517 U.S.A. Telephone: 219-294-8200 800-342-6939 (Nort h America, Puer t o Ri co, and Vi r gi n Isl and s onl y) Facsimile: 219-294-8301 (Technical Support ) 219-294-8124 (Fact ory Service) Int ernet : ht t p:/ / www.crownaudio.com Service Shipping Instructions: 1. Cont act your local Crown dist ribut or f or det ails regarding where t o send your amplif ier. This informat ion is available on t he Crown websit e or by cont act ing Crown Audio Cust omer Service, see det ails panel. Always use the original factory pack to transport the unit. 2. To ensure t he saf e t ransport at ion of your unit t o t he f act ory, ship it in an original f act ory packing cont ainer. If you don' t have one, call or writ e Crown's Part s Depart ment . Wit h t he except ion of 20 3 YEAR THREE YEAR FULL WARRANTY 3 YEAR UNITED STATES & CANADA SUMMARY OF WARRANTY Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road, Elkhart, Indiana 465174095 U.S.A. warrants to you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUBSEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown product, for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (the "warranty period") that the new Crown product is free of defects in materials and workmanship. We further warrant the new Crown product regardless of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this Warranty. ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN WARRANTY This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of a new Crown product which occurred within the Warranty Period. It does not cover any product which has been damaged because of any intentional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which is covered under any of your insurance contracts. This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the new Crown product if the serial number has been defaced, altered, or removed. WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO We will remedy any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund unless you agree, or unless we are unable to provide replacement, and repair is not practical or cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then you must make the defective or malfunctioning product available to us free and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal to the actual purchase price, not including interest, insurance, closing costs, and other finance charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can only be performed at our authorized service centers or at the factory. We will remedy the defect and ship the product from the service center or our factory within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective product at our authorized service center or our factory. All expenses in remedying the defect, including surface shipping costs in the United States, will be borne by us. (You must bear the expense of shipping the product between any foreign country and the port of entry in the United States including the return shipment, and all taxes, duties, and other customs fees for such foreign shipments.) HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE You must notify us of your need for warranty service within the warranty period. All components must be shipped in a factory pack, which, if needed, may be obtained from us free of charge. Corrective action will be taken within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the defective product by us or our authorized service center. If the repairs made by us or our authorized service center are not satisfactory, notify us or our authorized service center immediately. DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND INCIDENTAL DAMAGES YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH A DEFECT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATIONS OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. WARRANTY ALTERATIONS No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty is not extended by the length of time which you are deprived of the use of the new Crown product. Repairs and replacement parts provided under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty. DESIGN CHANGES We reserve the right to change the design of any product from time to time without notice and with no obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured. LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER THIS CROWN WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be commenced after expiration of the warranty period. THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR CROWN PRODUCTS. Visit www.crownaudio.com for a list of Crown authorized service centers. Telephone: 219-294-8200. Facsimile: 219-294-8301 7/01 WORLDWIDE EXCEPT USA & CANADA SUMMARY OF WARRANTY Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road, Elkhart, Indiana 465174095 U.S.A. warrants to you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUBSEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown1 product, for a period of three (3) years from the date of purchase by the original purchaser (the "warranty period") that the new Crown product is free of defects in materials and workmanship, and we further warrant the new Crown product regardless of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this Warranty. 1 Note: If your unit bears the name "Amcron," please substitute it for the name "Crown" in this warranty. ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN WARRANTY This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of a new Crown product which occurred within the Warranty Period. It does not cover any product which has been damaged because of any intentional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which is covered under any of your insurance contracts. This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the new Crown product if the serial number has been defaced, altered, or removed. WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO We will remedy any defect, regardless of the reason for failure (except as excluded), by repair, replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund unless you agree, or unless we are unable to provide replacement, and repair is not practical or cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then you must make the defective or malfunctioning product available to us free and clear of all liens or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal to the actual purchase price, not including interest, insurance, closing costs, and other finance charges less a reasonable depreciation on the product from the date of original purchase. Warranty work can only be performed at our authorized service centers. We will remedy the defect and ship the product from the service center within a reasonable time after receipt of the defective product at our authorized service center. HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE You must notify your local Crown importer of your need for warranty service within the warranty period. All components must be shipped in the original box. Corrective action will be taken within a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the defective product by our authorized service center. If the repairs made by our authorized service center are not satisfactory, notify our authorized service center immediately. DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND INCIDENTAL DAMAGES YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM SUCH A DEFECT. WARRANTY ALTERATIONS No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty is not extended by the length of time which you are deprived of the use of the new Crown product. Repairs and replacement parts provided under the terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty. DESIGN CHANGES We reserve the right to change the design of any product from time to time without notice and with no obligation to make corresponding changes in products previously manufactured. LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be commenced after expiration of the warranty period. THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR CROWN PRODUCTS. Visit www.crownaudio.com for a list of Crown authorized service centers. 7/01 Telephone: 219-294-8200. Facsimile: 219-294-8301 Ver si on 2. 0 CB 050901 ZM10090- 01 Cr own Par t Number : 133785-1 Cr own is a r egist er ed t r ademar k of Cr own Int er nat ional. Ot her t r ademar ks ar e t he pr oper t y of t heir r espect ive owner s A division of Harman Int ernat ional Indust ries 22